Chapter 66: 633-645
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"To Thorfinn Karlsefni's Settlement at Hop [...] None but Gudrig ever saw the woman"
The excerpt comes almost word by word from Grœnlendinga saga or The saga of the Greenlanders (Wikipedia entry) which, along with the Saga of Erik the Red, are the two main literary sources of information for the Norse exploration of North America.
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this first Act of American murder, and the collapse of Vineland the Good
cf Vineland, of course. Especially echoes the scene on page 322, where Zoyd is planning to "harbor in Vineland, Vineland the Good".
Vineland was the name given to North America by the Vikings. It was named so because of the wild grapes they found there. ... With the abandonment of Greenland, needed supplies no long made their way to the way station point in North America, a place known as Vineland, so named for the Vikings claims of finding wild grapes there. Major climate change has happened since.
They had 'conflicts' with the Native Americans who lived there, perhaps the first acts of American murder? The conflict was probably short-lived while the commerce went on for 500 years. adapted from 'Vineland' [[1]]
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Dogs run free
Possible allusion to Bob Dylan's 1970 song "If Dogs Run Free"?
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an unopen'd Goober Pea-Shell, exhibiting it to both Astronomers before cracking it open to reveael two red Pea-Nuts within...
Mason and Dixon, two peas in a pod, maybe?