Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

Chapter 16: 167-174

2010-03-16T00:16:18Z

Tallpaul: /* Page 171 */ Added notes on page 167

==Page 167==
'''cheese rolling''' refers to the cheese rolling at [http://www.randwick.org.uk/rolling.htm|randwick] as part of the annual Randwick Wap, not the more well known variety at Coopers Hill.

'''English Glory'''. England's Glory is a well known brand of matches, although latterly distributed widely they were originally a localized product manufactured in nearby Gloucester.

==Page 171==

'''country wife, city wife''' 
Pynchon's human values in evidence? He dislikes cities, seen elsewhere.
:Elsewhere where? He has lived in Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, and London. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 22:22, 4 March 2007 (PST) 
I do know that about his residences, but it is in his vision pervading ATD, for example. The real Chicago, Telluride, New York City. Remarks in GR....(if I should substantiate better, then take it out until I do). In an analogous way, a "Cartesian grid" is not a good thing in ATD, yet it is
known that TRP wrote GR on engineeering grid paper. Also, he has a strong vision of the not-goodness of words on paper, of verbal "represeantions' of life in GR (and ATD, I think), yet he writes and gets published on paper. [ [User: MKOHUT, 5 March 2007]].

'''Bread & Wine, a kindness of the Almighty''' 
Pynchon seeing the Eucharist as a 'kind' way of enacting the body
and blood of Christ belief in Christianity. A wonderful trope.

'''Death or its ev'ryday Coercions'''...Death's thousand Metaphors''' 
See this theme in Against the Day; all of the day's necessities that are
against the simple living of life...all that is "against the day".

==Page 172==

'''acted as a Lens, a moral refraction''' 
Once again, light as metaphor, lenses and refraction ala ATD.

'''see them as they are''' 
Only in death..in life, M & D and everyone struggles to see the heavenly bodies clearly. Nice.

'''Telluric secrets''' 
telluric: adj. Of or relating to Earth; terrestrial. Derived from or containing tellurium, especially with valence 6.

==Page 173==
'''Bradley's Metaphor''' [[Image:James Bradley.jpg|thumb|Dr. James Bradley|right]]Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762) - Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his discovery of the aberration of light, providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa. Also, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bradley Wikipedia entry].

'''Canary Coat''' 
"His yellow jacket with red sleeves indicates that he is a 'canary', temporarily forced to wear this distinctive coat as a defaulter against Hospital rules (often for drunkenness).... the infliction of the 'canary' coat on pensioners as a punishment was abolished by Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, during his Governorship of the Hospital in the 1830s."

==Page 174==

'''To Break-Neck''' 
Breakneck Ridge is a mountain along the Hudson River between Beacon and Cold Spring, New York, straddling the boundary between Dutchess and Putnam counties. Its distinctive rocky cliffs are visible for a long distance when approached from the south, and together with Storm King Mountain on the opposite bank of the river forms Wey-Gat, or Wind Gate, the picturesque northern gateway to the Hudson Highlands.

It has several summits, the highest, some distance inland, reaching approximately 1,260 feet (384 m) above sea level. The southern face of the peak is remarkable for its striking cliffs, the result of quarrying in past years. Lying within Hudson Highlands State Park, it offers many stunning views of the river and region and is quite popular with hikers.Wikipedia.

ACTUALLY, Breakneck Valley is indeed a location on St. Helena. In the early 18th century, there was a gold rush in Breakneck Valley, St. Helena, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena WIKI]:

St Helena was then transferred to this new United East India Company. The same year, extensive work began to build the present Castle. Because of a lack of cement, mud was used as the mortar for many buildings, most of which had deteriorated into a state of ruin. In a search for lime on the island, a soldier in 1709 claimed to have discovered gold and silver deposits in Breakneck Valley. For a short period, it is believed that almost every able-bodied man was employed in prospecting for these precious metals. The short-lived Breakneck Valley Gold Rush ended with the results of an assay of the deposits in London, showing that they were iron pyrites.

==Annotation Index==

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O

2010-03-16T00:05:35Z

Tallpaul: added notes on Octuple Gloucester and cheese size.

'''Oafery, Ludowick''' 
228; [''O.E.D.'': Oaf. An elf's child; a changeling left by the
elves or fairies; hence a misbegotten, deformed or idiot child; a
half-wit, dolt or booby]; 232; transformation, 237; hit by lightning, 463; 603; 757

'''Oafery, Ma''' 
232; Lud's mother

'''Oakboys''' 
721; Insurgents in Ireland in 1763 who rose against forced labor on the roads and the exacting of tithes. Their badge was a sprig of oak worn in the hat.

'''Oast''' 
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''''Obra''', La''''' 
522; Spanish: "the work"

'''O'Brian, Pat''' 
54; this is a reference to Patrick O'Brian, the novelist of the Napoleonic Wars whose nautical tales of Captain Jack Aubrey and Dr. Stephen Maturin qualify him as "the best Yarn-Spinner in all the Fleets"

<div id="Octuple"></div>'''Octuple Gloucester''' 
167; big cheese; [http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9705/27/fringe/cheese.rolling/index.html Check '''this''' out!]N.B. that is not the cheese rolling Pynchon is describing, though. He is talking about the cheese rolling at [http://www.randwick.org.uk/rolling.htm|Randwick]. Pychon is repeating a common fallacy that Double and Single Gloucester refer to the size of the cheese. In fact they refer to chese made from double or single milk (whole or skimmed).

'''Ogham''' 
497; an ancient Irish & British writing "invented by Hu Gadarn the Mighty"; 600; [http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/426341 MORE]

'''Ohio Company''' 
281

'''Oily Leon''' 
342

'''Old Clasher''' 
503

'''Old Q, the Star of Piccadilly''' 
260; Douglas, William, third Earl of March and fourth Duke of Queensberry 'Old Q' (1724 - 1810): Only son of William, second Earl of March, and his wife, Lady Anne Hamilton. He succeeded his father to the Earldom of March in 1731, and his cousin to the Dukedom in 1786. An inveterate speculator, he was notorious for his behaviour on the Turf. As an early mentor of Fox, he was blamed for teaching the future political his extravagant gambling habits. He lived in Picadilly, London, and was indeed known as "Old Q, the Star of Piccadilly" or "Old Q, the Rake of Piccadilly."

Thanks to [http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/DouglasWilliamthirdEarlofMarchandfourthDukeofQueensberry151OldQ15117241511810.296.shtml The Robert Burns Encyclopedia]

'''Onandaga''' 
532; on of the five nations of North American Indians, near what is now Syracuse; the name is variously translated as "keepers of the flame," "people of the hills" and "people of the mountains"; Hiawatha was an Indian belonging to the Onandaga tribe and was recruited by a prophet who brought the people of the five nations to peace after extensive war.

'''O.O.''' 
138; '''O'''nce '''O'''ver

'''Oölite''' 
440; a rock consisting of small round grains, usually of calcium carbonate
cemented together. These small grains or "ooids" are formed in concentric layers. "see" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oolite Wikipedia], or Tox's take on [[F#force-intensifier|Force Intensifiers]]

'''Oortman''' 
154; a gun

'''Ophelia''' 
351; in ''Hamlet''

'''Orchid Tavern''' 
292; by Dock Creek, in Philadelphia

'''Ordure''' 
668; shit, or something that is morally degrading

'''Orleanist''' 
377; any of the constitutional monarchists in 18th- and 19th-century France who favoured the Orléans branch of the house of Bourbon (the descendants of Philippe, duke d'Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV). Its zenith of power occurred during the July Monarchy (1830-48) of Louis-Philippe (duke d'Orléans from 1793 to 1830). (From [http://www.britannica.com" target="_blank">Encyclopedia Britannica Online</a>)

'''Ormazd''' 
219; also Ormudz, Mithraic god of light and good, one of
two gods in the ancient Persian religion Zoroastrianism, the other being
Ahriman, god of darkness and evil. Zoroastrians were known as Fire and
Sun worshippers because their ritual identifies Ormudz with fire and
with the Sun. Fire was used in some of their religious ceremonies.

'''O'Rooty''' 
441; Crimp (An agent or contractor for unloading coal-ships; agent whose
business was to entrap men for service in the army, navy, etc, esp by
decoying or pressing them; a deceptive or coercive agent) on M-D Line crew

<div id="orpheus"></div>'''Orpheus''' 
147; In Greek myth, the Thracian poet who could move even inanimate things by
his music. When his wife Eurydice died, he journeyed to the underworld and so
charmed Pluto that Eurydice was released on the condition that Orpheus not look
back to see if she was following him when he led her out. He did and she
immediately vanished. Thracian women, enraged at Orpheus' prolonged grieving,
tore him to pieces; ''See also'' [[E#eurydice|Eurydice]]; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/E#eurydice Orpheus myth in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Orpiment''' 
689; native orange to lemon yellow arsenic trisulfide, a pigment

'''Orrery''' 
94; an apparatus showing the relative positions and motions of bodies in the
solar system by balls moved by wheelwork; 209; of Engagement, 536

'''Osnabrigs''' 
510; A course unbleached linen or hempen cloth first made in Osnabruck, Germany. It was commonly used for trousers, sacking, and bagging. Osnabrigs were used at Williamsburg to strengthen wallpaper. They are to have been made in brown, blue, and white although other colors were probably available. In the colonial period (1767) Osnabrig was woven in Germany, Lancashire, and Scotland.

'''Otick Catarrh''' 
420; "otick" means of the ear; "catarrh" refers to any Inflammation of a mucous membrane, caused by one of many factors, including the common cold. Mason's sarcastic description of Dixon loudly and 'moistly' whispering in his ear.

'''Oven''' 
86; 205

'''Owl''' 
210; "terrible massed beat of their wings [...] Snowy Owl Year [...] white
visitors from afar" 513; 597

'''Oxenstjerna, Axel (1583-1654)''' 
272; Swedish chancellor (1612-54) who, while head of the regency during the minority of Queen Christina, caused the founding of a trading and colonizing agency, the New South Company, giving it a land grant in the area of Delaware Bay. Fort Christina, at the present site of Wilmington, DE, was erected in 1638, and several other forts subsequently. However, Swedish influence in America was ended in 1655 when Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Netherland, captured the forts with ease.

'''Oxford''' 
557

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C

2010-03-16T00:01:56Z

Tallpaul: added notes on Caseification

'''C. of E.''' 
250; Church of England

'''Cabot''' 
141; Giovanni Caboto (c. 1450 – c. 1499), known in English as John Cabot, an Italian navigator and explorer commonly credited as the first early modern European to discover the North American mainland, in 1497

<div id="caeserini"></div>'''Caesarini, Cardinal''' 
591; began Transylvanian Crusade; Official emissary for Pope Eugenius IV in
mid-15th century. In 1444, encouraged the king of Hungary, Ulaszlo I, to violate the [[S#szeged|Truce of Szeged]] and attack the Turks in an attempt to save Constantinople from the Ottoman Empire.

'''Cagliostro, Alessandro Conte (1743-95)''' 
358; Italian adventurer, magican, and alchemist who travelled cities of Europe posing as physician, mesmerist, necromancer, and Freemason. Cagliostro claimed to know the secret of the philosopher's stone as well as miraculous philtres and potions. He was implicated in the Diamond Necklace affair, imprisoned and acquitted but left for Rome in 1789, where Inquisition charged him with heresy and sorcery and condemned him to die, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison where he died in a dungeon.

'''Calathumpians''' 
582; Slang: "beggars"

'''calendar reform''' 
''See'' [[E#eleven|Eleven Missing Days]]

<div id="Calverts"></div>'''Calverts''' 
268; Sir George Calvert (1580-1632), the first Lord Baltimore, was granted the colonial territory of Maryland by James I, but he died just prior to the charter being granted in 1632; Frederick Calvert, the sixth Lord Baltimore (from 1751 to 1777), was the man during the surveying of the M-D Line; Frederick, 301; Calvert agents, 337; Dixon's Calvert connections, 393

'''Cannibalism''' 
384; 386

'''Canny Bob''' 
734; "chased by the Romans"

'''Cape Constantia''' 
165; wine

'''Cape Henlopen''' 
258; at the mouth of Delaware Bay, opposite Cape May, NJ. The beginning of the Mason-Dixon line is about twenty miles south of Cape Henlopen, at the Fenwick Island lighthouse.

'''Capella''' 
310; a binary Latitude-Star - Capella (She-Goat) is the topmost star in the Constellation Auriga (The Charioteer); 332

'''Caput Draconis''' 
188; London's Zenith-star

'''Carillon''' 
244

'''Cariño''' 
431

'''Carnatic''' 
131; region SE India between Eastern Ghats and Coromandel coast now in Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka. It's coastline is in Andhra Pradesh, and is on the Bay of Bengal.

'''Carpenter, John''' 
672; M-D Line crewman killed by a falling tree

'''Cartagena and Minorca''' 
729; A reference to the [[S#seven|Seven Years War]], which began in 1756. Britain became involved because of competition with France for colonies in India and America. Minorca was taken from the British by a large French fleet; Admiral John Byng was sent to the rescue, but was forced to retreat to Gibraltar. This is the same year as the [[B#blackhole|Black Hole of Calcutta]], instigated by the Nawwab of Bengal, which gave the British reason to intervene. Robert Clive retook Calcutta, and won control of Bengal, India's richest province, the following year, thus laying the foundations of the British Empire in India.

'''Casanova''' 
260

'''Caseifaction''' 
167; the act of turning into cheese. As a side note, Casein, the predominant milk protein, is used to make [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galalith|Galalith] an early plastic, otherwise known as artificial horn, and used in button making. Its early production was centered in Stroud, close bye.

'''Castle Rock''' 
175; on St. Helena

'''''casus belli''''' 
675; Latin: "occasion of war" - an event that allegedly justifies war or conflict

'''Catawba''' 
675; tribe at war with Iriquois

'''Catfish, Chief''' 
673; Delaware tribe; 680

'''Cavendish, Henry''' 
730; "error he pointed out regarding the Allegheny Mountains"

'''Cecil County''' 
469; Cecil is the North
Eastern-most county in Maryland, with Cecilton close to the Tangent Line near its Southern border and including Octarara in its North West corner. It
is bounded by the Susquehanna and Sassafras Rivers on its West and
South sides and by the Line and the Tangent Line on its North and East. The emblem of Cecil Country is apparently a depiction of a male & female [d.html#duck">duck</a> flying together.

'''Celebes''' 
311; perfumes of; Now known as Sulawesi, this is an island off E. Borneo

'''Céléron''' 
548; his Lead Plates 

:The lead plates of Céléron de Bienville, referenced by George Washington, are real. In a show of force to Pennsylvania traders who had begun settling more and more west into the French-owned Ohio River Valley, de Bienville sailed down the Ohio River by way of the Scioto River in August 1749. Along the way at strategic points he buried leaden plates inscribed with the declaration of title to the lands.

'''Celts''' 
310

'''''ceteris paribus''''' 
503; Latin: "other things being equal"

<div id="chain"></div>'''Chain of Being, Great''' 
365, 417-18, 438; The Western Middle Ages conception of culture that describes Being as like a great chain with the top representing perfection in the highest degree (aka God) and the bottom representing the least possible perfection, which is nothingness (but not Evil). The chain in its entirety represents all degrees of perfection from the highest and fullest to the lowest and least; it is complete. Traditionally, it was also fixed; only God (e.g., Lucifer's fall and various miracles) and alchemists could cause a reordering.

In 1761, a book called ''Natural History of Animals'' by George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (commonly refered to as "Buffon") (1707-1788), used the chain to justify colonization, placing Europeans above the natives they ruled. <ref>[http://www.purifymind.com/GeorgeLeclerc.htm Read more...]</ref>

See also: [http://www.earlham.edu/suber/courses/re/chain.htm The Great Chain of Being], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_chain_of_being Wikipedia entry]

An astute reader on the [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22416&sort=author Pynchon L] pointed out links to Hawthorne's ''Ethan Brand'': "He had lost his hold of the magnetic chain of humanity. He was no longer a brother-man, opening the chambers or the dungeons of our common nature by the key of holy sympathy, which gave him a right to share in all its secrets; he was now a cold observer, looking on mankind as the subject of his experiment, and, at length, converting man and woman to be his puppets, and pulling the wires that moved them to such degrees of crime as were demanded for his study."

'''Chalford''' 
184; where Bradley dies

'''Cham, The''' 
744; aka Dr. Johnson

'''Chancery''' 
257;

'''Chandler's Dogs''' 
403

'''Changhaienne, La''' 
27

'''Chantry, Mr.''' 
304; lawyer in Philadelphia

'''Chaos Theory''' 
281; 364

'''Chapman''' 
674

'''Chapter-Ring''' 
147; a ringlike band on the dial of a clock which bears the numerals or other sympbols of the hours

<div id="charles-l"></div>'''Charles I (1600-49)''' 
550; king of England and Ireland, 1625-49;

'''Charles II (1630-85)''' 
335; king of Scotland and England from 1660; brother of James II (aka Duke of
York), 336; 721

'''Charles' Wain''' 
653; aka Ursa Major, referring to King Charles of France

'''Charter'd Companies''' 
252; The lord proprietors of England's colonial trading companies claimed special protections over their incorporated businesses, extended through their divinely granted authority, including permanency of incorporation, limited liability, and the legal authority to be free from community and worker interference. These protections were initially limited by the American colonists, whose intent in this area was to create a nation where the citizenry were the government and the government controlled the corporations--by ensuring that, if a corporation violated its agreement to obey all laws, to serve the public good, and to cause no harm, its charter would be revoked.

'''Chatfield''' 
41; "There's something wrong with our bloody [not "dam'd"] ships today, Chatfield" - David Beatty (1st Earl Beatty), British Admiral of the Fleet (1916 - 1919), at the Battle of Jutland in 1916; quoted in Winston Churchill's ''The World Crisis 1916-1918'' (1927) pt. 1, p. 129.

'''Chauncy''' 
251

'''Chen, Miss''' 
628; "operatick Personage"

'''Cheroot, Zoot''' 
766

'''Cherrycoke, Elizabeth ("Zab")''' 
759; Wicks' sister who is married to J. Wade LeSpark; ''See'' [[L#zab|LeSpark, Elizabeth]]

'''Cherrycoke, Reverend Wicks''' 
6; the storyteller who, in a situation modeled on Scheherazade's in the ''Arabian Nights'', may remain at the home of Ives LeSpark as long as he can keep the children (and of course the "Sultan" himself) entertained with his tale; Scheherazade, who married the murderous King Schahriyar, was able to extend her life by telling the king an enchanting story which remained incomplete at the end of each telling; the name "Wicks" also dovetails nicely with [[T#tenebrae|Tenebrae]] and has other interesting [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Etymological musings]]; on the ''Seahorse'', 35; 85; ''Spiritual Day-Book'', 275; ''Christ and History'', 349; [http://www.meru.org/Posters/lampwick.html Lamp & Wick]

'''chess''' 
55; 294

'''Chesterfield, Lord''' 
193; 557

'''Chester-le-Street''' 
243; town about 10 miles N of Durham

<div id="Chew"></div>'''Chew, Benjamin''' '''
327; one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania; 436

'''Chippendale''' 
336, 413, 421; Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''Chisel, Le''' 
27; 28

'''Christ, Jesus H.''' 
26; 101; 231; 260-61; 264; 288; ''Christ and History'', 349; Eucharistic
Sacrament, 384, 385; 409; Widows of, 419; goes away, 480-81; making Golems,
486; Holy Trinity, 495; Ascent to Christ, 511; 520; Wolf of Jesus, 522; Return,
568; Birth, 631; loaves and fishes, 700; 726

'''Chronometer''' 
213; a very exact timepiece, usu. for use in determining longitude at sea. Now can mean any accurate timepiece; 321

'''Chronoscope''' 
177: primarily a timing device for reaction-time experiments, used to measure time during extremely brief intervals

'''''Cicinielli''''' 

235; Neopolitan fish dish

'''Cilial Excursion''' 
283

'''Cilice''' 
230; Jesuit chastity belt, a wire girdle with sharp metallic points to irritate the skin; from Latin (''cilicia'': course garment made from haircloth); 520

:'''Cilice:''' a spiked chain worn around the upper thigh for two hours each day, except for Church feast days, Sundays, and certain times of the year. This is perhaps the most shocking of the corporal mortifications, and generally Opus Dei members are extremely hesitant to admit that they use them. It is a painful mortification which leaves small prick holes in the flesh, and makes the Opus Dei members tentative about wearing swim suits wherever non-Opus Dei members may be. <ref>[http://www.odan.org/archives_corporal.htm Opus Dei Website]</ref>

'''Circumferentor''' 
241; 301; an instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal angles

'''Cities''' 
289; 292; 309; 344; of Earth, 385; London, 391; "great Mother-City" 522; 548;
"Anti-City" 609; 671; night-time, 749; in Chaos, 750; 771

'''Clasper, Henry''' 
100

<div id="clive"></div>'''Clive of Plassy, Robert, Lord (1725-74)''' 
74; aka "Clive of India"; English soldier and administrator who joined the East India Company in Madras. He attempted suicide, failed at it, and eventually distinguished himself against the French-Indian forces in Madras and, after marrying Margaret Maskelyne, returned to Britain a hero; he returned to India and avenged the Black Hole of Calcutta incident by retaking Calcutta and, at Plassy, he defeated the Nawab of Bengal. He returned to India several more times to aid the East India Company, but ultimately drew the opprobrium of parliament and committed suicide; brother-in-law of N. Maskelyne; 130; 160; 187; [[Dr. Johnson#clive|Dr. Johnson 'pon]]

'''Clocks''' 
121-24; 155

'''Clonfert''' 
134; location of monastery founded by Saint Brendan

'''Cloud Hill''' 
193

'''Clovis''' 
297; working on Obs in Philadelphia; Clovis could be a reference to the first Frankish King. Under the Romans that big area between the Channel and the Alps was known as Gaul, after the Celts living there. Clovis and his Franks were a conquering Germanic tribe, and Clovis is more or less considered history's first Frenchman.

'''Coal''' 
219; 418; 468

<div id="cobra"></div>'''Cobra''' 
550; "Once it was a Cyst, growing within the Brain of a Cobra"; [[/pynchon/mason-dixon/extra/cobra.html">Discussion</a>]; ''See also'' [d.html#dasp">Capt. Dasp</a>

'''Cockfield Fell''' 
504; near where Dixon lived and which he avoided; Cockfield is a small village just a few miles north of [[S#staindrop|Staindrop]] and a
few miles West of Bishop Auckland in County Durham. Staindrop is a lovely
little village with Raby Castle just on its edge. The Cockfield road heads out into open land and is quite bleak by contrast with the comfortable and
civilized feel of Staindrop.

'''Cock Lane Ghost''' 
183; in London; 359; 747

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
376; other Mechanickal Fowl

'''Coffee''' 
"administering Enemas of Lucas the Cook's notorious Coffee" 54; 356; 467; "ingenious College Coffee Machine" 515

'''College of William and Mary''' 
571; Nathe McClean attending, 573

'''collier''' 
26; a ship that transports coal

'''Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506)''' 487; First European to discover America; b. Genoa, Italy. In Portugal, he became a master mariner and was determined to reach India by sailing west. After eight years of supplication, he received the backing of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I. On Oct. 12, 1492, his ships, the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria, reached Watling Island, in the Bahama group; later they touched Cuba and Hispaniola. He was made an admiral and governor general of all new lands. In 1493 he set sail with 17 ships, exploring Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands, and founding a colony in Hispaniola. In 1498 he explored Venezuela, realizing that he had found a continent. Because of disreputable conditions in Hispaniola, he was replaced as governor in 1500 and returned to Spain in chains. On his last voyage (1502) he reached Central America. Although he is considered a master navigator today, he died in neglect, almost forgotten.

'''Complexity Theory''' 
373; e.g. the Mechanickal Duck

'''Comte de St.-Germain''' 
358

<div id="condamine"></div>'''Condamine, Charles Marie de La (1701-74)''' 
544; French scientist and member of the Académie Royale des Sciences, studied at the Jesuit College of Louis-le-Grand in Paris. In April 1735 La
Condamine made a successful expedition to Peru with [[B#bouguer|Bouguer]] and [[L#lemaire|LeMaire]] to measure the length of a degree of meridian at the equator; LeMaire in Peru with, 544; <ref>[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/La_Condamine.html Online Biography]</ref>

'''Conestoga''' 
304; site of Indian Massacre; Waggons, 638; [[Lancaster & Conestoga|MORE]]

<div id="conflans"></div>'''Conflans''' 
27; Hubert de Brienne, Count de Conflans, was commander of the French fleet trapped by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's]] fleet in Quiberon Bay and soundly defeated in 1759

'''Conococheague''' 
499

'''Conoloways''' 
608; "The Tonoloways (a.k.a. Conolloway) Settlement was the site of numerous
disputes - both with Indians and Governments, the latter due to conflicts over
the state line between Maryland and Pennsylvania - a state line which
Tonoloways straddled, not always successfully, as is shown below. To research
the Combs of Tonoloways, it has been necessary to first become familiar with
the county organizations of both Pennsylvania and Maryland." From a now-defunct website.

<div id="consubstantiate"></div>'''consubstantiate''' 
367; the union of the Christ's body with the Eucharist (as opposed to transubstantiate)

'''Continentals''' 
294

'''Cooch Girls''' 
21; Slang: prostitutes

'''Cookworthy, Mr.''' 
61

'''Cookie''' 
243

<div id="coote"></div>'''Coote, Eyre (1726-83)''' 
478; Commander of the East India Company forces in Bengal commander-in
charge in India. He led the British against the French in the Battle of
Wandiwash; Battle of Wandiwash, 564; ''See also'' [[B#wandiwash|Battle of Wandiwash]]

'''Cope, Mr.''' 
7; chain-man on M-D Line crew; 445; impersonating M&D with Darby, 471

'''Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)''' 
545; Polish astronomer who, in 1530, completed his ''De Revolutionibus'' which
proved that the sun was the centre of the universe; it was published in 1543,
just prior to his death

'''Copley Medal''' 
708; John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) is considered by many to be
America's first great artist although he ended up living and
dying in London. He mainly painted Tories, and was ineffectually involved in some negotiations with the "violent Sons of Liberty" in the run up to the Boston Tea Party. His painting "Paul Revere" is considered to be (in the words of Robert Hughes in ''American Visions'') "one of the icons of American identity." His "The Death of Chatham" depicts the death by stroke of the Pitt the Elder.

'''coprophagously''' 
428; shit-eating

'''Coracles''' 
487; a kind of boat made of animal skins that has been in use since ancient times

'''Corf''' 
439; A large basket formerly used for conveying, hoisting, or delivering, mineral coal or ore

'''Cornwallis''' 
264; "surrender of"

'''Cotswold Waggon''' 
168; carries the Great Octuple Cheese

'''Cousins''' 
259

'''Covent Garden''' 
136; "Covent" is a corruption of "Convent"; the garden and burial ground attached
to the convent or Abbey of Westminster; in the 18th century, with its numerous
coffee-houses and taverns, it was a favored hang-out of poets, actors and
artists; it was also the site of the Covent Garden Theatre which opened in 1732;
518; 527; 643; 674

'''Crapaud, Jean''' 
11; Slang for a Frenchman (''crapaud'' = toad, frog)

'''Crawfford, Hugh''' 
600; M&D's interpreter; 646; 648; dulcimer tune, 670

'''Creature''' 
''See'' [[G#Golems|Golems]]

'''Creeping Nick''' 
680; Mason's horse

<div id="cresap"></div>'''Cresap, Thomas''' 
276; [[S#smith|Samuel Smith's]] adversary, aka "The Beast of Baltimore" and "The Maryland Monster". Cresap was a surveyor and a defender of the Calvert's boundary claims. In 1736, Smith, a Pennsylvanian, burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt. Once arrested, Cresap was taken by Smith and his men to a Philadelphia jail (upon entering Rhiladelphia, Cresap is said to have exclaimed to George Aston, one of his guards, "Damn it, Aston, this is one of the Prettyest Towns in Maryland"). Apparently, Cresap was so obnoxious that the Pennsylvanians quickly asked him to leave the prison and return home. He replied that he refused to leave until he was ordered to by the King. The order came on August 18, 1737. Kenneth P. Bailey, Cresap's biographer, seems to indirectly connect the "Maryland Monster" nickname with this event. (Thanks to Keith Woodward) [[Charles Mason's Journal#cresap|Mason's Journal Entry]]; [[Thomas Cresap|Cresap Biography]]; Grandfather, 584; 638

'''Crochet''' 
702; personal quirk

'''Crofter's hut''' 
522

'''Cromorne, Reverend''' 
197; French: "crooked horn"; alternative spelling in English for krummhorn

'''Cromwell, Oliver''' 
226

'''Crooked Finger Inn''' 
687; in Delaware

'''Crosier, Sister''' 
519; a Jesuit

'''Cross Keys, The''' 
341; where M&D stay in Lancaster

'''Crusade''' 
588

'''''Cryptoscope''''' 
301

'''Cudgel and Throck''' 
227; Emerson's "local" in County Durham; a cudgel is a short heavy club; a throck is a spell that causes plants to grow, or also seen defined as "the piece of Timber on which the Suck is fixed, on a plough."

'''Cumberland''' 
586

'''Cygnus''' 
673; Latin: the Swan, a constellation

<div id="cymry"></div>'''Cymry''' 
600; from Cymru, Welsh name for Wales; Welsh name for the Welsh people; the Celtic
peoples considered themselves to be individual nations, and not part of some greater "Celtic" nation. The Welsh thought of themselves as Cymry or
Britons, the Irish thought of themselves as Gael, etc. [[Hugh Gadarn|MORE...]]; ''See also'' [[H#hu|Hu Gadarn]]

===References===
<references/>

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2010-03-15T23:51:46Z

Tallpaul: added link to cheese rolling at Randwick

<div id="rabbi"></div>'''Rabbi of Prague (1513-1609)''' 
485; The 16th century rabbi (aka Judah Löw ben Bezulel, aka the Maharal) who, according to Jewish folklore, created a [[G#golem|golem]]. He used the golem as his weekday servant, removing the animating charm on Fridays so that it could rest on the Sabbath. He once forgot to do this and caught up with the golem in front of a synagogue and had to destroy it; Inn; 684

'''Rabbit in the Moon''' 
573; Herero myth elucidated in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H#herero ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Raby''' 
100; Old Hell-Cat of (aka Elizabeth, Lady Barnard), 505;

'''Raby Castle''' 
225; 233; 415

'''Ragusa''' 
223

'''Rajputana Marble''' 
624;

'''Raleigh's Tavern''' 
395; in Williamsburg; 572

'''Ralph''' 
643; dog

'''Ramillies''' 
28; 34; Wig worn by Maire, 227, 550

'''Randwick''' 
167; small village about a mile northwest of Stroud. Home of the Randwick Wap and associated [http://www.randwick.org.uk/rolling.htm|Cheese rolling].

'''Ranelagh''' 
140; Ranelagh Gardens in Chelsea, a "place of public amusement," notorious for
having a "low" tone (prostitution) when night fell. It frequently pops
up in 18c metropolitan fiction, along with Vauxhall Gardens which sounds
even worse (or better, depending on your point of view).

'''Randwick''' 
167; location of parish church where Mason met Rebekah

'''Rappahannock''' 
458; River running SE from Fredericksburg to Chesapeake Bay between the Potomac and York Rivers, which forms the southern border of Virginia's Northern neck.

'''Rashi''' 
486; Rashi is the acronymic cognomen of Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (1140-1205), the most highly regarded (in Jewish circles) Scriptural/Talmudic commentator. The Rashi citation given in ''M&D'' is incorrect, although the grammatical point being made is correct.

'''Rationalist''' 
236

'''Rayltons''' 
43; Quaker family in Durham

'''R.C.''' 
321 "local land surveyor employ'd upon the Tangent Enigma" who swallows
Emerson's Chronometer

'''''Rebecca''''' 
177; brig seen by Mason in a Chronoscope in Jenkin's Ear Museum

'''''Rebel Weaver, The''''' 
292

'''Redemptioners''' 
393

'''Reduced to Certainty''' 
45; 177; 182; 636; 650

<div id="Redzinger"></div>'''Redzinger, Frau Luise''' 
354; woman with daughter, of Coniwingo; sister Liesele in Bethlehem, 356;
"incorruptible pietist" 383; 479

:"Red Zinger" is the name of a tea put out by Celestial Seasonings. From the box: "Red Zinger is the classic...the original herb tea with the zesty taste that first won hearts more than 20 years ago. Its snappy flavor and rich red color come from the authentic blend of hibiscus flowers, wild rosehips and lemon grass. Red Zinger is a time-honored favorite with a 100% natural burst of excitement. And its vivid energy and wholesome style have always reflected the comfortable side of individualism. Savor it steaming hot at a chilly morning's breakfast table or ice cold in a warm evening's porch swing."

'''Redzinger, Mitzi''' 
354; daughter of Luise & Peter; named, 360; with Dimdown, 386-87; 636

'''Redzinger, Peter''' 
357; Luise's crazy husband; 479; 636

'''Reginald''' 
588; John Lambton's friend

'''representation''' 
195;

'''Restless Bee, The''' 
304; Philadelphia Coffee House; 311

'''Restoration''' 
226; in England, the recall of the Stuarts to the throne in 1660 in the person of Charles II, bringing the Puritan Commonwealth to an end. Culture and the arts flourished in the absence of Puritan restraints.

'''Return''' 
263; 523; 630; 656; 683

'''Revers''' 
728;

'''Riband''' 
683

<div id="Ridotto"></div>'''Ridotto''' 
71; a gathering for music and dancing, often in masquerade, popular in 18th
century England; at Capetown, 71; at New Castle 338; at Lepton Castle, 410

'''Rilke''' 
232; echoes of in "once and once only"

'''''Ritornelli''''' 
263

'''Rix Dollar''' 
69; (Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or Dutch rijksdaalder - lit. "dollar of the empire or realm") A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Holland - varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope

'''Robertson, Colonel''' 
304; and his Regiment of Highlanders

'''Rockingham Whips''' 
294

'''Rollright, Mrs.''' 
109

'''Roman Whore''' 
164; English epithet for the Catholic Church, the religion of the hated French; the adoption of "Roman Whore's Time" was Protestant England's long-delayed adoption of Pope Gregory XIII's reform (1582) of the Julian calendar which resulted in the loss of [[E#eleven|eleven days]]; 190; "Rome, and the Whore-House they call a Church" 231

'''''Rongy''''' 
552; Zhang is called this

'''Roaring Dot''' 
566; "Belle of the Harbor"

'''Rose Quartz Monument''' 
334; 441

'''Rosicrucians''' 
612; Bavarian

'''Rout''' 
71; 18th cent.: a fashionable gathering; in Chelsea, 109

'''Routinization of Charisma''' 
231; 233; 345; 487-88; 741

'''Royal Baby''' 
56; "Kissing the Royal Baby" was a hazing ritual aboard sailing ships and, in modified form, still occurs to this day; [[Kissing the Royal Baby|Here's the drill]];179
cf. Major Marvy and Bloody Chiclitz in GR 558, contract for staging equator-crossing ceremonies

'''Royal Society''' 
42; The premier scientific society in England, established in 1660, arose out of meetings of philosophers and scientists began at Gresham College in 1645;
fellowship of the R.S. is the most coveted honour among scientists; 45; 247;
251; 270; 359; 770

'''R.P.H.''' 
296; "Red Pubick Hair," the width of which will be the M-D West Line; 476

'''rubescent''' 
568; down-home, folksy; also, becoming red, reddening

'''Rubicon''' 
663; "Cheat is the"; Point of no return

'''Ruby of Mogok''' 
7;

'''Rufus''' 
722;

''' Ruggiero''' 
223; "mio caro Ruggiero" (Italian: "my dear Roger")

'''Ruined Officer, The''' 
165; Mason's local on St. Helena

'''"Rule Brittania"''' 
53; 177

'''Rush, Brooks''' 
577

'''Rush, Flint''' 
577

'''''Rutabageous Anaemia''''' 
33; i.e., poverty, as in "you can't squeeze blood out of a turnip" (a rutabaga is a turnip)

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Tallpaul:

'''Oafery, Ludowick''' 
228; [''O.E.D.'': Oaf. An elf's child; a changeling left by the
elves or fairies; hence a misbegotten, deformed or idiot child; a
half-wit, dolt or booby]; 232; transformation, 237; hit by lightning, 463; 603; 757

'''Oafery, Ma''' 
232; Lud's mother

'''Oakboys''' 
721; Insurgents in Ireland in 1763 who rose against forced labor on the roads and the exacting of tithes. Their badge was a sprig of oak worn in the hat.

'''Oast''' 
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''''Obra''', La''''' 
522; Spanish: "the work"

'''O'Brian, Pat''' 
54; this is a reference to Patrick O'Brian, the novelist of the Napoleonic Wars whose nautical tales of Captain Jack Aubrey and Dr. Stephen Maturin qualify him as "the best Yarn-Spinner in all the Fleets"

<div id="Octuple"></div>'''Octuple Gloucester''' 
167; big cheese; [http://www.cnn.com/WORLD/9705/27/fringe/cheese.rolling/index.html Check '''this''' out!]N.B. that is not the cheese rolling Pynchon is describing, though. He is talking about the cheese rolling at [http://www.randwick.org.uk/rolling.htm|Randwick].

'''Ogham''' 
497; an ancient Irish & British writing "invented by Hu Gadarn the Mighty"; 600; [http://www.ancientworlds.net/aw/Post/426341 MORE]

'''Ohio Company''' 
281

'''Oily Leon''' 
342

'''Old Clasher''' 
503

'''Old Q, the Star of Piccadilly''' 
260; Douglas, William, third Earl of March and fourth Duke of Queensberry 'Old Q' (1724 - 1810): Only son of William, second Earl of March, and his wife, Lady Anne Hamilton. He succeeded his father to the Earldom of March in 1731, and his cousin to the Dukedom in 1786. An inveterate speculator, he was notorious for his behaviour on the Turf. As an early mentor of Fox, he was blamed for teaching the future political his extravagant gambling habits. He lived in Picadilly, London, and was indeed known as "Old Q, the Star of Piccadilly" or "Old Q, the Rake of Piccadilly."

Thanks to [http://www.robertburns.org/encyclopedia/DouglasWilliamthirdEarlofMarchandfourthDukeofQueensberry151OldQ15117241511810.296.shtml The Robert Burns Encyclopedia]

'''Onandaga''' 
532; on of the five nations of North American Indians, near what is now Syracuse; the name is variously translated as "keepers of the flame," "people of the hills" and "people of the mountains"; Hiawatha was an Indian belonging to the Onandaga tribe and was recruited by a prophet who brought the people of the five nations to peace after extensive war.

'''O.O.''' 
138; '''O'''nce '''O'''ver

'''Oölite''' 
440; a rock consisting of small round grains, usually of calcium carbonate
cemented together. These small grains or "ooids" are formed in concentric layers. "see" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oolite Wikipedia], or Tox's take on [[F#force-intensifier|Force Intensifiers]]

'''Oortman''' 
154; a gun

'''Ophelia''' 
351; in ''Hamlet''

'''Orchid Tavern''' 
292; by Dock Creek, in Philadelphia

'''Ordure''' 
668; shit, or something that is morally degrading

'''Orleanist''' 
377; any of the constitutional monarchists in 18th- and 19th-century France who favoured the Orléans branch of the house of Bourbon (the descendants of Philippe, duke d'Orléans, younger brother of Louis XIV). Its zenith of power occurred during the July Monarchy (1830-48) of Louis-Philippe (duke d'Orléans from 1793 to 1830). (From [http://www.britannica.com" target="_blank">Encyclopedia Britannica Online</a>)

'''Ormazd''' 
219; also Ormudz, Mithraic god of light and good, one of
two gods in the ancient Persian religion Zoroastrianism, the other being
Ahriman, god of darkness and evil. Zoroastrians were known as Fire and
Sun worshippers because their ritual identifies Ormudz with fire and
with the Sun. Fire was used in some of their religious ceremonies.

'''O'Rooty''' 
441; Crimp (An agent or contractor for unloading coal-ships; agent whose
business was to entrap men for service in the army, navy, etc, esp by
decoying or pressing them; a deceptive or coercive agent) on M-D Line crew

<div id="orpheus"></div>'''Orpheus''' 
147; In Greek myth, the Thracian poet who could move even inanimate things by
his music. When his wife Eurydice died, he journeyed to the underworld and so
charmed Pluto that Eurydice was released on the condition that Orpheus not look
back to see if she was following him when he led her out. He did and she
immediately vanished. Thracian women, enraged at Orpheus' prolonged grieving,
tore him to pieces; ''See also'' [[E#eurydice|Eurydice]]; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/E#eurydice Orpheus myth in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Orpiment''' 
689; native orange to lemon yellow arsenic trisulfide, a pigment

'''Orrery''' 
94; an apparatus showing the relative positions and motions of bodies in the
solar system by balls moved by wheelwork; 209; of Engagement, 536

'''Osnabrigs''' 
510; A course unbleached linen or hempen cloth first made in Osnabruck, Germany. It was commonly used for trousers, sacking, and bagging. Osnabrigs were used at Williamsburg to strengthen wallpaper. They are to have been made in brown, blue, and white although other colors were probably available. In the colonial period (1767) Osnabrig was woven in Germany, Lancashire, and Scotland.

'''Otick Catarrh''' 
420; "otick" means of the ear; "catarrh" refers to any Inflammation of a mucous membrane, caused by one of many factors, including the common cold. Mason's sarcastic description of Dixon loudly and 'moistly' whispering in his ear.

'''Oven''' 
86; 205

'''Owl''' 
210; "terrible massed beat of their wings [...] Snowy Owl Year [...] white
visitors from afar" 513; 597

'''Oxenstjerna, Axel (1583-1654)''' 
272; Swedish chancellor (1612-54) who, while head of the regency during the minority of Queen Christina, caused the founding of a trading and colonizing agency, the New South Company, giving it a land grant in the area of Delaware Bay. Fort Christina, at the present site of Wilmington, DE, was erected in 1638, and several other forts subsequently. However, Swedish influence in America was ended in 1655 when Peter Stuyvesant, the governor of New Netherland, captured the forts with ease.

'''Oxford''' 
557

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