Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

B

2012-12-18T17:10:33Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

<div id="braddock"></div>
'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755. He led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755 and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI] See also [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. An excellent description of [http://www.britishbattles.com/braddock.htm Braddock's Defeat].

309; [[Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330|330]]; analogy to [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]], [[Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_501|501]]; his Vistoe, 613; 697;

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

M

2012-12-12T16:07:12Z

Rgiaquinta1:

<div id="macaroni"></div>
'''Macaroni'''<br />
21; an English dandy of the 18th century who affected Continental ways; [[Macaroni|Etymology]]; Macaronic, 330; 426; [[d#dimdown|Philip Dimdown]], 365, 566; 770.

'''MacClenaghan, Reverend'''<br />
260; "rousing Evangelist" in Philadelphia; 293

'''Macclesfield'''<br />
190; Bradley's superior; 192; 193; 557; 558

'''Macheath'''<br />
455; Macheath is a character from [[B#beggars|''The Beggar's Opera'']] written in 1728 by John Gay. ''The Beggar's Opera'' tells the story of a love triangle between the highwayman Macheath, his fence's daughter Polly and the jailer's daughter Lucy (who is pregnant with his child). Upon discovering the marriage of Macheath and his daughter, Peachum, the fence, determines to have Macheath sent to Newgate. Polly warns him but Macheath is betrayed by the whores he frolics with and is confined to Newgate. Lucy finds him there and being assured by MacHeath that the marriage was all in Polly's mind, helps him to escape. Macheath is again captured and is sentenced to be hung. As he is to be hung the jailor brings in four other wives - "with a child apiece." Macheath pronounces it too much and says he is ready to be hanged. At this point, in a scene aside, the author (the Beggar) is persuaded to change the ending from a hanging to a happy ending. Accordingly Macheath has to settle on one wife only (Polly). [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']

'''Mackay, Captain'''<br />
658; "and the Highland Forty-second"

'''Madeira'''<br />
134; island off the north coast of Africa, north of the Canary Islands; occupied
by the Portugese since the 16th century

'''Magnetism'''<br />
298; 688

'''Maire, Father Christopher'''<br />
215; Jesuit Priest; "Mr. Emerson's distant Cousin Ambrose, of Godless London"
227; 691; "Boscovich and" 699

'''Majordomo'''<br />
419; butler

'''Malays'''<br />
67

'''Manatee Bay'''<br />
175; in St. Helena

'''Mandeville, Jack'''<br />
349; of Mohawks, 746

'''Man in the Iron Mask'''<br />
373; ''See'' [[#marthioly|Marthioly]]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br />
143

'''Many Worlds Theory'''<br />
46; Orreries, 177; 180; 393; 556; 706

'''''Mappemondes'''<br />
95; medieval maps of the world, derived from the Latin words
''mappa mundi''. The first early Christian maps are divided in three parts with the three continents Asia, Africa and Europe. The division into three parts is said to derive from the split between the sons of Noah after the deluge. Asia went to the offsping of Sem, Africa to the children of Cham and Europe to the children of Japhet. In the 8th century, the maps usually are arranged like a big "T" within an "O": The three continents surrounded by the ocean are separated by the "T", whereas the "T" itself represents two major rivers, one the Tanais and one the Nile. [http://iquebec.ifrance.com/rivards/Cartes/Cartes_Mappemonde/Acceuil_Cartes_Mappemonde.htm Website with images]

'''''Maquilleuses'''<br />
525: make-up artists, specifically ladies

'''Marfak'''<br />
310; Latitude-Star

'''Maria Theresa'''<br />
546

'''Marine, Matthew'''<br />
445; on M-D Line crew

'''Marlborough'''<br />
551

'''Marsten Moor'''<br />
594; moor, northern England, near York.
On July 2, 1644, during the Civil War, it was the scene of a great victory
of the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, over the Royalists.

<div id="marthioly"></div>'''Marthioly, Iron-Mask'''<br />
373; French spy?; 420

'''Mary & Joseph'''<br />
632; Biblical parents of Jesus Christ

'''''Mary and Meg'''<br />
243; a collier (ship that carries coal); 245

<div id="maskelyne"></div>'''Maskelyne, Edmund ("Mun")'''<br />
131; Nevil's brother; 213; 728; 748; 770

<div id="maskelyne, nevil"></div>'''Maskelyne, Reverend Dr. Nevil (1732-1811)'''<br />
74; English astronomer who was appointed Astronomer Royal in 1765; he was
also an ordained minister; his sister Margaret married Baron Robert Clive of
Plassey (aka "Clive of India") in 1753; 105; [[Christopher Smart|and Christopher Smart]],116; 126; 212; 251; longitude, 322;
elevation to H.M. Astronomer, 436; 479; 691; 719; "as A.R." 720; [[Reverend Maskelyne|Biography of Maskelyne]]; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Maskelyne.html Website]

'''Mason, Anne'''<br />
20; Charles' 17-year-old sister

'''Mason, Anne Damsel'''<br />
205; Charles' mother

'''Mason, Charles (1728-86)'''<br />
7; Royal Astronomer, 16; with Vrou Vroom, 87; "Tyburn Charlie" 109; how he
and Rebekah first met, 167; remembering Rebekah's face, 211; melancholy, 290;
a Cadastral Surveyor, 401; mysterious cabin, 413; 440; commence the Line,
444; discussing the letter to Bradley w/Dixon, 42-45, 249-51; 478; sharing his
paranoia w/Dixon, 479; recalling riots of 1755, 502; meets Eliza, 536; Field
Journal, 554; Eleven Days, 556-57; flight, 560; in Maryland, 571; Prelude to
Radiance, 700; accosted by Rebekah, 703; discovers Uranus, 708; agrees to
view Transit of Venus from So. Ulster, 719; "speaks in hurried and forc'd
rhythms" 721; dream, 721-23; prays to see Rebekah's face in the Comet, 725;
Heavenly Dome, 725; "true Phlegmatick" 735; "Another small-town eccentric
absorb'd back into the Weavery" 748; "Return to America" 758; [[Charles Mason Biography|A Biography]]; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entries]]

'''Mason, Charles, Sr.'''<br />
202; Charles' father who is a baker; remarried, 751

'''Mason, Doctor Isaac'''<br />
184; Charles' youngest son by Rebekah; 199

'''Mason, Mary'''<br />
751; Charles' second wife

'''Mason, Rebekah'''<br />
52; Charles' first wife, who died young; her tombstone at Sapperton Church gives her date of death as February 13th, 1759, and the epitath includes the phrase "Wife of Charles Mason, Jun'r. A. R. S. (Associate of the Royal Society); 109; 164; story, 167-84; 346; 536-41; 703

'''Mason, William'''<br />
184; Charles' oldest son; 491

'''Masons, The'''<br />
269; 287; 290; 358; 533; 690

'''Mason-Dixon Line'''<br />
246; Commissioners, 291; Zhang's Feng-Shui analysis, 542

'''Masturbation'''<br />
171

'''mathesis'''<br />
194; The Greek word ''mathesis'' (akin to the Sanscrit manas - the mind) denoted the whole of human knowledge, including what nowadays involves mathematics, science, and philosophy; 630: "called into being by Mathesis alone"; 473.13; 194.14. ["Mad Mathesis" is a character appears in Lewis Carroll's ''A Tangled Tale''  [http://home.earthlink.net/~lfdean/carroll/tangled/ Read it]  in which each knot of the tale embodies a mathematical question.

'''Matson, Ralph'''<br />
578

'''Matthew Walker'''<br />
55; a type of knot

'''Maureen'''<br />
392; baker at the Inn whose pastries are fattening Dixon

'''Mauve'''<br />
28; Bodine's girl who lives with Hepsie in Portsea

'''Mayer'''<br />
730; his Lunar Tables; 768

'''McClean, Archibald'''<br />
457; father of Mo & Nathe, on M-D Line crew; of Swedesboro, 712

'''McClean, Moses'''<br />
7; camp commissary on M-D Line crew, and brother of Nathe

'''McClean, Nathanial'''<br />
322; on M-D Line crew, and brother of Moses; 445; 451; 573

'''McEntaggart'''<br />
723; in Ulster; 724

'''McFee, Light-Fingers'''<br />
610

'''McNoise, Topman'''<br />
404; at town meeting in New York

'''McNutley, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M-D Line crew

'''McNutley, Gwen'''<br />
455; wife of Mr. McNutley

'''McTiernan'''<br />
723

'''Mead, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

<div id="medmenham"></div>'''Medmenham Circle'''<br />
418; aka [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]], held orgies at Medmenham Abbey, the home of Sir Francis Dashwood; ''See also'' [[W#wilkes|Wilkes, John]]; [[S#sandwich|Sandwich, Lord]]

'''Medusa'''<br />
517

'''mee-shugginah'''<br />
280; slang derived from Yiddish, meaning "insane" or "crazy"

'''Megan'''<br />
641; "another of Michael's batch"

'''''Mens Rea'''<br />
321; Latin: "criminal intent"

'''Mentrix'''<br />
534; female mentor

'''mephitic'''<br />
391; possessing a noxious odor; 412; 557

'''''Mercury'''<br />
98; ship that takes Mason to St. Helena

'''''Meridien'''<br />
150; a velvet one from France

'''Merry Ghosts'''<br />
766; Haunted Inn in York which Charles and son Doc visit

'''Mesmer, Dr. Friedrich Anton, or Franz (1734-1815)'''<br />
216; Austrian physician who founded mesmerism (1772), based on the belief in the existence of a power called "animal magnetism"; 268; 272

'''Mesopotamia'''<br />
405

'''Messages'''<br />
145; 245; 252; elevation of Franklin's spectacles, 266; 287-88; 289; 318; 309;
321; 479; 513; Boreal Phenomenon, 516; fortune cookies, 526; 528; 567; worm
waiting for a sign, 590; Alchemist symbols, 594; 740; 757; 772

'''Metcalf, John "Blind Jack" (1717-1810)'''<br />
702; John Metcalf, commonly known as "Blind Jack of
Knaresborough," the first great English road-maker; [["Blind Jack" Metcalf|and the Rebellion of 1745 and More]]

'''Metropolis'''<br />
128; 233; 464; 488; 559; 601; 658; 685; 702

'''Micrometer'''<br />
707

'''Miller, Joe (1684-1738)'''<br />
279; Joe Miller was a famous English comic actor. His name has become a bit
of a synonym for great coarse humor, because after he died somebody published
a collection of such and put JM's name on the title: ''Joe Miller's Jest-Book,
or the Wit's Vade Mecum'' ["guidebook"]. There was a Batman comic way about 10-15 years ago where the Joker stole the original Joe Miller joke book from the Gotham museum.

'''Miller of Wherr'''<br />
734

'''Milton'''<br />
266; 596

'''Minchinhampton'''<br />
169; a small village a few miles southwest of Stroud, where the Peaches live; where they're buried, 184

'''Mingoes'''<br />
663; American Indian tribe

'''Mira'''<br />
107

'''Mirror'''<br />
129; 130; 287; 298; 413; 519; 525; 603; 720; 768

'''Mischianza'''<br />
6; "that memorable farewell Ball stag'd in '77 by the British who had been Occupying the City, just before their Withdrawal from Philadelphia"; held on May 18, 1777, "the famous tilt and tournament called the "Mischianza" took place. It was given in honor of Sir William Howe by the officers of his army, on the occasion of his recall to England, superseded in his command by Sir Henry Clinton."; [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html A Short History of the City of Philadelphia]

'''Mispick, Mr.'''<br />
267; "pharmacist" in Philadelphia

'''Mithras'''<br />
219

'''Mitre, The'''<br />
183; tavern in London; 213; Mason sees Dr. Johnson there, 744

'''Mobility'''<br />
214; crowd of common folk, or mob (derived from Latin: ''mobile vulgas'') - compare with "nobility"

'''Mobrays'''<br />
590; antidraconical family; Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, EARL OF
Nottingham, Earl Marshal (c.1366-1399, Venice [Italy]), English lord whose quarrel with Henry of Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford (later King Henry IV, reigned 1399-1413), was a critical episode in the events leading to the overthrow of King Richard (reigned 1377-99) by Bolingbroke. The quarrel dominates the first act of William Shakespeare's play ''Richard II''.

'''Mohawk'''<br />
531; American Indian tribe; 572

'''moiré'''<br />
389

'''Mokko-Mokko'''<br />
57

<div id="molinos"></div>'''Molinos, Miguel (1640-96)'''<br />
Christian mystic who taught the direct relationship between the soul and God through contemplative prayer. His followers were called Molinists or <a href="q.html#quietists">Quietists</a>; persecuted by Zarpazo in Spain, 543

'''Molly & Dolly'''<br />
271; "students of the Electrickal Arts" and attractive female acquaintances of
B. Franklin's

'''Moment of D'''<br />
413; refers to one of the fundamental constants of physics which is
designated by the Greek letter 'mu' followed by a subscript small 'd' and is
formally known as the 'deuteron-magnetic moment.'

'''Monology'''<br />
497

'''Montague, Lady'''<br />
691; "Pope and"; 694

'''Montague's'''<br />
564; tavern in New York that is headquarters to the local Sons of Liberty

'''Montieth'''<br />
509

'''Moon, The'''<br />
116; "punch house on Cock Hill on St. Helena

'''Mopery'''<br />
165; Rebekah' pet name for Mason, "mopery" is the act of moping, vagrancy or dawdling; Rebekah's pet name for Mason; "Mopery" comes up fairly often in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M#mopery">Gravity's Rainbow]

'''Moran'''<br />
576; friend of Tom Hynes

<div id="moravian"></div>'''Moravians'''<br />
306; A Christian sect which had its origin in ancient Bohemia and Moravia in what is present-day Czechoslovakia. The Moravian Church traces its origins to followers of John Hus, the Bohemian martyr who was burned at the stake in 1415, and dates its formal beginning from 1457, when one group of the Hussites took the Latin name of Unitas Fratrum, or Unity of the Brethren. The Moravians began establishing communities in the US, particularly in Bethelehem, Pennsylvania, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in the early 18th century. Other settlement congregations were established in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland. All were considered frontier centers for the spread of the gospel, particularly in mission to the American Indians. [http://www.moravian.org Moravian Website]

'''Mortmain'''<br />
27

<div id="morton"></div>'''Morton, Mr.'''<br />
45; Secretary of the Royal Society at time of M-D Line; 50; 270; 437

'''Motrix'''<br />
15; Latin: "engine" or "motor" (as in "vis motrix" = "motor force" aka "soul"); 104; 451

'''Mounds'''<br />
597; 746

'''Mount Vernon'''<br />
273

'''Mournival, Nick'''<br />
115; "mournival": (from Oxford Dictionary): Now only hist. 1530 [Fr mournifle XVI, (now) slap, taunt; of unkn. origin] cards 1. A set of four aces, kings, queens or knaves in one hand 2. transf. A set of four (things or persons) - 1711; Florinda's fiancé proprietor of [[J#jenkins|Jenkin's Ear Museum]], 175

'''Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus'''<br />
268

'''Mu'''<br />
22

'''Mun'''<br />
''See'' [[#maskelyne|Maskelyne, Edmund]]

'''Munchausen, Baron'''<br />
349-50; Refers to Rudolph Erich Raspe's ''Baron Munchausen's Narrative of His Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia'', first published, anonymously, in London in 1785. A later, enlarged edition of 1793, ''The Adventures of Baron Munchausen'', is the more well known version. Cherrycoke, narrating in 1786, would be referring to the original version; 358; 720

'''Munden's Point'''<br />
108; on St. Helena, pair of Gallows

'''Murray'''<br />
458; friend of N. McClean's; 573

'''Musick'''<br />
172-173; 262-65; Surf Music, 264; Glass Armonica, 268, 272;

'''Mustapha'''<br />
103

'''''mutatis mutandis'''''<br />
533; Latin: "the necessary changes having been made"

'''Myers, Kit'''<br />
460; on M-D Line crew

'''Mythology'''<br />
Creation myth, 620; "White Women or Black Dogs" 635; Black Dog, 643; "Elves'
Treasury" 661; Nation of Giants, 662

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

M

2012-12-12T16:06:32Z

Rgiaquinta1:

<div id="macaroni"></div>
'''Macaroni'''<br />
21; an English dandy of the 18th century who affected Continental ways; [[Macaroni|Etymology]]; Macaronic, 330; 426; [[d#dimdown|Philip Dimdown]], 365, 566.

'''MacClenaghan, Reverend'''<br />
260; "rousing Evangelist" in Philadelphia; 293

'''Macclesfield'''<br />
190; Bradley's superior; 192; 193; 557; 558

'''Macheath'''<br />
455; Macheath is a character from [[B#beggars|''The Beggar's Opera'']] written in 1728 by John Gay. ''The Beggar's Opera'' tells the story of a love triangle between the highwayman Macheath, his fence's daughter Polly and the jailer's daughter Lucy (who is pregnant with his child). Upon discovering the marriage of Macheath and his daughter, Peachum, the fence, determines to have Macheath sent to Newgate. Polly warns him but Macheath is betrayed by the whores he frolics with and is confined to Newgate. Lucy finds him there and being assured by MacHeath that the marriage was all in Polly's mind, helps him to escape. Macheath is again captured and is sentenced to be hung. As he is to be hung the jailor brings in four other wives - "with a child apiece." Macheath pronounces it too much and says he is ready to be hanged. At this point, in a scene aside, the author (the Beggar) is persuaded to change the ending from a hanging to a happy ending. Accordingly Macheath has to settle on one wife only (Polly). [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']

'''Mackay, Captain'''<br />
658; "and the Highland Forty-second"

'''Madeira'''<br />
134; island off the north coast of Africa, north of the Canary Islands; occupied
by the Portugese since the 16th century

'''Magnetism'''<br />
298; 688

'''Maire, Father Christopher'''<br />
215; Jesuit Priest; "Mr. Emerson's distant Cousin Ambrose, of Godless London"
227; 691; "Boscovich and" 699

'''Majordomo'''<br />
419; butler

'''Malays'''<br />
67

'''Manatee Bay'''<br />
175; in St. Helena

'''Mandeville, Jack'''<br />
349; of Mohawks, 746

'''Man in the Iron Mask'''<br />
373; ''See'' [[#marthioly|Marthioly]]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br />
143

'''Many Worlds Theory'''<br />
46; Orreries, 177; 180; 393; 556; 706

'''''Mappemondes'''<br />
95; medieval maps of the world, derived from the Latin words
''mappa mundi''. The first early Christian maps are divided in three parts with the three continents Asia, Africa and Europe. The division into three parts is said to derive from the split between the sons of Noah after the deluge. Asia went to the offsping of Sem, Africa to the children of Cham and Europe to the children of Japhet. In the 8th century, the maps usually are arranged like a big "T" within an "O": The three continents surrounded by the ocean are separated by the "T", whereas the "T" itself represents two major rivers, one the Tanais and one the Nile. [http://iquebec.ifrance.com/rivards/Cartes/Cartes_Mappemonde/Acceuil_Cartes_Mappemonde.htm Website with images]

'''''Maquilleuses'''<br />
525: make-up artists, specifically ladies

'''Marfak'''<br />
310; Latitude-Star

'''Maria Theresa'''<br />
546

'''Marine, Matthew'''<br />
445; on M-D Line crew

'''Marlborough'''<br />
551

'''Marsten Moor'''<br />
594; moor, northern England, near York.
On July 2, 1644, during the Civil War, it was the scene of a great victory
of the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, over the Royalists.

<div id="marthioly"></div>'''Marthioly, Iron-Mask'''<br />
373; French spy?; 420

'''Mary & Joseph'''<br />
632; Biblical parents of Jesus Christ

'''''Mary and Meg'''<br />
243; a collier (ship that carries coal); 245

<div id="maskelyne"></div>'''Maskelyne, Edmund ("Mun")'''<br />
131; Nevil's brother; 213; 728; 748; 770

<div id="maskelyne, nevil"></div>'''Maskelyne, Reverend Dr. Nevil (1732-1811)'''<br />
74; English astronomer who was appointed Astronomer Royal in 1765; he was
also an ordained minister; his sister Margaret married Baron Robert Clive of
Plassey (aka "Clive of India") in 1753; 105; [[Christopher Smart|and Christopher Smart]],116; 126; 212; 251; longitude, 322;
elevation to H.M. Astronomer, 436; 479; 691; 719; "as A.R." 720; [[Reverend Maskelyne|Biography of Maskelyne]]; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Maskelyne.html Website]

'''Mason, Anne'''<br />
20; Charles' 17-year-old sister

'''Mason, Anne Damsel'''<br />
205; Charles' mother

'''Mason, Charles (1728-86)'''<br />
7; Royal Astronomer, 16; with Vrou Vroom, 87; "Tyburn Charlie" 109; how he
and Rebekah first met, 167; remembering Rebekah's face, 211; melancholy, 290;
a Cadastral Surveyor, 401; mysterious cabin, 413; 440; commence the Line,
444; discussing the letter to Bradley w/Dixon, 42-45, 249-51; 478; sharing his
paranoia w/Dixon, 479; recalling riots of 1755, 502; meets Eliza, 536; Field
Journal, 554; Eleven Days, 556-57; flight, 560; in Maryland, 571; Prelude to
Radiance, 700; accosted by Rebekah, 703; discovers Uranus, 708; agrees to
view Transit of Venus from So. Ulster, 719; "speaks in hurried and forc'd
rhythms" 721; dream, 721-23; prays to see Rebekah's face in the Comet, 725;
Heavenly Dome, 725; "true Phlegmatick" 735; "Another small-town eccentric
absorb'd back into the Weavery" 748; "Return to America" 758; [[Charles Mason Biography|A Biography]]; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entries]]

'''Mason, Charles, Sr.'''<br />
202; Charles' father who is a baker; remarried, 751

'''Mason, Doctor Isaac'''<br />
184; Charles' youngest son by Rebekah; 199

'''Mason, Mary'''<br />
751; Charles' second wife

'''Mason, Rebekah'''<br />
52; Charles' first wife, who died young; her tombstone at Sapperton Church gives her date of death as February 13th, 1759, and the epitath includes the phrase "Wife of Charles Mason, Jun'r. A. R. S. (Associate of the Royal Society); 109; 164; story, 167-84; 346; 536-41; 703

'''Mason, William'''<br />
184; Charles' oldest son; 491

'''Masons, The'''<br />
269; 287; 290; 358; 533; 690

'''Mason-Dixon Line'''<br />
246; Commissioners, 291; Zhang's Feng-Shui analysis, 542

'''Masturbation'''<br />
171

'''mathesis'''<br />
194; The Greek word ''mathesis'' (akin to the Sanscrit manas - the mind) denoted the whole of human knowledge, including what nowadays involves mathematics, science, and philosophy; 630: "called into being by Mathesis alone"; 473.13; 194.14. ["Mad Mathesis" is a character appears in Lewis Carroll's ''A Tangled Tale''  [http://home.earthlink.net/~lfdean/carroll/tangled/ Read it]  in which each knot of the tale embodies a mathematical question.

'''Matson, Ralph'''<br />
578

'''Matthew Walker'''<br />
55; a type of knot

'''Maureen'''<br />
392; baker at the Inn whose pastries are fattening Dixon

'''Mauve'''<br />
28; Bodine's girl who lives with Hepsie in Portsea

'''Mayer'''<br />
730; his Lunar Tables; 768

'''McClean, Archibald'''<br />
457; father of Mo & Nathe, on M-D Line crew; of Swedesboro, 712

'''McClean, Moses'''<br />
7; camp commissary on M-D Line crew, and brother of Nathe

'''McClean, Nathanial'''<br />
322; on M-D Line crew, and brother of Moses; 445; 451; 573

'''McEntaggart'''<br />
723; in Ulster; 724

'''McFee, Light-Fingers'''<br />
610

'''McNoise, Topman'''<br />
404; at town meeting in New York

'''McNutley, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M-D Line crew

'''McNutley, Gwen'''<br />
455; wife of Mr. McNutley

'''McTiernan'''<br />
723

'''Mead, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

<div id="medmenham"></div>'''Medmenham Circle'''<br />
418; aka [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]], held orgies at Medmenham Abbey, the home of Sir Francis Dashwood; ''See also'' [[W#wilkes|Wilkes, John]]; [[S#sandwich|Sandwich, Lord]]

'''Medusa'''<br />
517

'''mee-shugginah'''<br />
280; slang derived from Yiddish, meaning "insane" or "crazy"

'''Megan'''<br />
641; "another of Michael's batch"

'''''Mens Rea'''<br />
321; Latin: "criminal intent"

'''Mentrix'''<br />
534; female mentor

'''mephitic'''<br />
391; possessing a noxious odor; 412; 557

'''''Mercury'''<br />
98; ship that takes Mason to St. Helena

'''''Meridien'''<br />
150; a velvet one from France

'''Merry Ghosts'''<br />
766; Haunted Inn in York which Charles and son Doc visit

'''Mesmer, Dr. Friedrich Anton, or Franz (1734-1815)'''<br />
216; Austrian physician who founded mesmerism (1772), based on the belief in the existence of a power called "animal magnetism"; 268; 272

'''Mesopotamia'''<br />
405

'''Messages'''<br />
145; 245; 252; elevation of Franklin's spectacles, 266; 287-88; 289; 318; 309;
321; 479; 513; Boreal Phenomenon, 516; fortune cookies, 526; 528; 567; worm
waiting for a sign, 590; Alchemist symbols, 594; 740; 757; 772

'''Metcalf, John "Blind Jack" (1717-1810)'''<br />
702; John Metcalf, commonly known as "Blind Jack of
Knaresborough," the first great English road-maker; [["Blind Jack" Metcalf|and the Rebellion of 1745 and More]]

'''Metropolis'''<br />
128; 233; 464; 488; 559; 601; 658; 685; 702

'''Micrometer'''<br />
707

'''Miller, Joe (1684-1738)'''<br />
279; Joe Miller was a famous English comic actor. His name has become a bit
of a synonym for great coarse humor, because after he died somebody published
a collection of such and put JM's name on the title: ''Joe Miller's Jest-Book,
or the Wit's Vade Mecum'' ["guidebook"]. There was a Batman comic way about 10-15 years ago where the Joker stole the original Joe Miller joke book from the Gotham museum.

'''Miller of Wherr'''<br />
734

'''Milton'''<br />
266; 596

'''Minchinhampton'''<br />
169; a small village a few miles southwest of Stroud, where the Peaches live; where they're buried, 184

'''Mingoes'''<br />
663; American Indian tribe

'''Mira'''<br />
107

'''Mirror'''<br />
129; 130; 287; 298; 413; 519; 525; 603; 720; 768

'''Mischianza'''<br />
6; "that memorable farewell Ball stag'd in '77 by the British who had been Occupying the City, just before their Withdrawal from Philadelphia"; held on May 18, 1777, "the famous tilt and tournament called the "Mischianza" took place. It was given in honor of Sir William Howe by the officers of his army, on the occasion of his recall to England, superseded in his command by Sir Henry Clinton."; [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html A Short History of the City of Philadelphia]

'''Mispick, Mr.'''<br />
267; "pharmacist" in Philadelphia

'''Mithras'''<br />
219

'''Mitre, The'''<br />
183; tavern in London; 213; Mason sees Dr. Johnson there, 744

'''Mobility'''<br />
214; crowd of common folk, or mob (derived from Latin: ''mobile vulgas'') - compare with "nobility"

'''Mobrays'''<br />
590; antidraconical family; Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, EARL OF
Nottingham, Earl Marshal (c.1366-1399, Venice [Italy]), English lord whose quarrel with Henry of Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford (later King Henry IV, reigned 1399-1413), was a critical episode in the events leading to the overthrow of King Richard (reigned 1377-99) by Bolingbroke. The quarrel dominates the first act of William Shakespeare's play ''Richard II''.

'''Mohawk'''<br />
531; American Indian tribe; 572

'''moiré'''<br />
389

'''Mokko-Mokko'''<br />
57

<div id="molinos"></div>'''Molinos, Miguel (1640-96)'''<br />
Christian mystic who taught the direct relationship between the soul and God through contemplative prayer. His followers were called Molinists or <a href="q.html#quietists">Quietists</a>; persecuted by Zarpazo in Spain, 543

'''Molly & Dolly'''<br />
271; "students of the Electrickal Arts" and attractive female acquaintances of
B. Franklin's

'''Moment of D'''<br />
413; refers to one of the fundamental constants of physics which is
designated by the Greek letter 'mu' followed by a subscript small 'd' and is
formally known as the 'deuteron-magnetic moment.'

'''Monology'''<br />
497

'''Montague, Lady'''<br />
691; "Pope and"; 694

'''Montague's'''<br />
564; tavern in New York that is headquarters to the local Sons of Liberty

'''Montieth'''<br />
509

'''Moon, The'''<br />
116; "punch house on Cock Hill on St. Helena

'''Mopery'''<br />
165; Rebekah' pet name for Mason, "mopery" is the act of moping, vagrancy or dawdling; Rebekah's pet name for Mason; "Mopery" comes up fairly often in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M#mopery">Gravity's Rainbow]

'''Moran'''<br />
576; friend of Tom Hynes

<div id="moravian"></div>'''Moravians'''<br />
306; A Christian sect which had its origin in ancient Bohemia and Moravia in what is present-day Czechoslovakia. The Moravian Church traces its origins to followers of John Hus, the Bohemian martyr who was burned at the stake in 1415, and dates its formal beginning from 1457, when one group of the Hussites took the Latin name of Unitas Fratrum, or Unity of the Brethren. The Moravians began establishing communities in the US, particularly in Bethelehem, Pennsylvania, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in the early 18th century. Other settlement congregations were established in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland. All were considered frontier centers for the spread of the gospel, particularly in mission to the American Indians. [http://www.moravian.org Moravian Website]

'''Mortmain'''<br />
27

<div id="morton"></div>'''Morton, Mr.'''<br />
45; Secretary of the Royal Society at time of M-D Line; 50; 270; 437

'''Motrix'''<br />
15; Latin: "engine" or "motor" (as in "vis motrix" = "motor force" aka "soul"); 104; 451

'''Mounds'''<br />
597; 746

'''Mount Vernon'''<br />
273

'''Mournival, Nick'''<br />
115; "mournival": (from Oxford Dictionary): Now only hist. 1530 [Fr mournifle XVI, (now) slap, taunt; of unkn. origin] cards 1. A set of four aces, kings, queens or knaves in one hand 2. transf. A set of four (things or persons) - 1711; Florinda's fiancé proprietor of [[J#jenkins|Jenkin's Ear Museum]], 175

'''Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus'''<br />
268

'''Mu'''<br />
22

'''Mun'''<br />
''See'' [[#maskelyne|Maskelyne, Edmund]]

'''Munchausen, Baron'''<br />
349-50; Refers to Rudolph Erich Raspe's ''Baron Munchausen's Narrative of His Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia'', first published, anonymously, in London in 1785. A later, enlarged edition of 1793, ''The Adventures of Baron Munchausen'', is the more well known version. Cherrycoke, narrating in 1786, would be referring to the original version; 358; 720

'''Munden's Point'''<br />
108; on St. Helena, pair of Gallows

'''Murray'''<br />
458; friend of N. McClean's; 573

'''Musick'''<br />
172-173; 262-65; Surf Music, 264; Glass Armonica, 268, 272;

'''Mustapha'''<br />
103

'''''mutatis mutandis'''''<br />
533; Latin: "the necessary changes having been made"

'''Myers, Kit'''<br />
460; on M-D Line crew

'''Mythology'''<br />
Creation myth, 620; "White Women or Black Dogs" 635; Black Dog, 643; "Elves'
Treasury" 661; Nation of Giants, 662

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<div id="macaroni"></div>
'''Macaroni'''<br />
21; an English dandy of the 18th century who affected Continental ways; [[Macaroni|Etymology]]; Macaronic, 330; [[d#dimdown|Philip Dimdown]], 365, 566.

'''MacClenaghan, Reverend'''<br />
260; "rousing Evangelist" in Philadelphia; 293

'''Macclesfield'''<br />
190; Bradley's superior; 192; 193; 557; 558

'''Macheath'''<br />
455; Macheath is a character from [[B#beggars|''The Beggar's Opera'']] written in 1728 by John Gay. ''The Beggar's Opera'' tells the story of a love triangle between the highwayman Macheath, his fence's daughter Polly and the jailer's daughter Lucy (who is pregnant with his child). Upon discovering the marriage of Macheath and his daughter, Peachum, the fence, determines to have Macheath sent to Newgate. Polly warns him but Macheath is betrayed by the whores he frolics with and is confined to Newgate. Lucy finds him there and being assured by MacHeath that the marriage was all in Polly's mind, helps him to escape. Macheath is again captured and is sentenced to be hung. As he is to be hung the jailor brings in four other wives - "with a child apiece." Macheath pronounces it too much and says he is ready to be hanged. At this point, in a scene aside, the author (the Beggar) is persuaded to change the ending from a hanging to a happy ending. Accordingly Macheath has to settle on one wife only (Polly). [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']

'''Mackay, Captain'''<br />
658; "and the Highland Forty-second"

'''Madeira'''<br />
134; island off the north coast of Africa, north of the Canary Islands; occupied
by the Portugese since the 16th century

'''Magnetism'''<br />
298; 688

'''Maire, Father Christopher'''<br />
215; Jesuit Priest; "Mr. Emerson's distant Cousin Ambrose, of Godless London"
227; 691; "Boscovich and" 699

'''Majordomo'''<br />
419; butler

'''Malays'''<br />
67

'''Manatee Bay'''<br />
175; in St. Helena

'''Mandeville, Jack'''<br />
349; of Mohawks, 746

'''Man in the Iron Mask'''<br />
373; ''See'' [[#marthioly|Marthioly]]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br />
143

'''Many Worlds Theory'''<br />
46; Orreries, 177; 180; 393; 556; 706

'''''Mappemondes'''<br />
95; medieval maps of the world, derived from the Latin words
''mappa mundi''. The first early Christian maps are divided in three parts with the three continents Asia, Africa and Europe. The division into three parts is said to derive from the split between the sons of Noah after the deluge. Asia went to the offsping of Sem, Africa to the children of Cham and Europe to the children of Japhet. In the 8th century, the maps usually are arranged like a big "T" within an "O": The three continents surrounded by the ocean are separated by the "T", whereas the "T" itself represents two major rivers, one the Tanais and one the Nile. [http://iquebec.ifrance.com/rivards/Cartes/Cartes_Mappemonde/Acceuil_Cartes_Mappemonde.htm Website with images]

'''''Maquilleuses'''<br />
525: make-up artists, specifically ladies

'''Marfak'''<br />
310; Latitude-Star

'''Maria Theresa'''<br />
546

'''Marine, Matthew'''<br />
445; on M-D Line crew

'''Marlborough'''<br />
551

'''Marsten Moor'''<br />
594; moor, northern England, near York.
On July 2, 1644, during the Civil War, it was the scene of a great victory
of the Parliamentarians, led by Oliver Cromwell, over the Royalists.

<div id="marthioly"></div>'''Marthioly, Iron-Mask'''<br />
373; French spy?; 420

'''Mary & Joseph'''<br />
632; Biblical parents of Jesus Christ

'''''Mary and Meg'''<br />
243; a collier (ship that carries coal); 245

<div id="maskelyne"></div>'''Maskelyne, Edmund ("Mun")'''<br />
131; Nevil's brother; 213; 728; 748; 770

<div id="maskelyne, nevil"></div>'''Maskelyne, Reverend Dr. Nevil (1732-1811)'''<br />
74; English astronomer who was appointed Astronomer Royal in 1765; he was
also an ordained minister; his sister Margaret married Baron Robert Clive of
Plassey (aka "Clive of India") in 1753; 105; [[Christopher Smart|and Christopher Smart]],116; 126; 212; 251; longitude, 322;
elevation to H.M. Astronomer, 436; 479; 691; 719; "as A.R." 720; [[Reverend Maskelyne|Biography of Maskelyne]]; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Maskelyne.html Website]

'''Mason, Anne'''<br />
20; Charles' 17-year-old sister

'''Mason, Anne Damsel'''<br />
205; Charles' mother

'''Mason, Charles (1728-86)'''<br />
7; Royal Astronomer, 16; with Vrou Vroom, 87; "Tyburn Charlie" 109; how he
and Rebekah first met, 167; remembering Rebekah's face, 211; melancholy, 290;
a Cadastral Surveyor, 401; mysterious cabin, 413; 440; commence the Line,
444; discussing the letter to Bradley w/Dixon, 42-45, 249-51; 478; sharing his
paranoia w/Dixon, 479; recalling riots of 1755, 502; meets Eliza, 536; Field
Journal, 554; Eleven Days, 556-57; flight, 560; in Maryland, 571; Prelude to
Radiance, 700; accosted by Rebekah, 703; discovers Uranus, 708; agrees to
view Transit of Venus from So. Ulster, 719; "speaks in hurried and forc'd
rhythms" 721; dream, 721-23; prays to see Rebekah's face in the Comet, 725;
Heavenly Dome, 725; "true Phlegmatick" 735; "Another small-town eccentric
absorb'd back into the Weavery" 748; "Return to America" 758; [[Charles Mason Biography|A Biography]]; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entries]]

'''Mason, Charles, Sr.'''<br />
202; Charles' father who is a baker; remarried, 751

'''Mason, Doctor Isaac'''<br />
184; Charles' youngest son by Rebekah; 199

'''Mason, Mary'''<br />
751; Charles' second wife

'''Mason, Rebekah'''<br />
52; Charles' first wife, who died young; her tombstone at Sapperton Church gives her date of death as February 13th, 1759, and the epitath includes the phrase "Wife of Charles Mason, Jun'r. A. R. S. (Associate of the Royal Society); 109; 164; story, 167-84; 346; 536-41; 703

'''Mason, William'''<br />
184; Charles' oldest son; 491

'''Masons, The'''<br />
269; 287; 290; 358; 533; 690

'''Mason-Dixon Line'''<br />
246; Commissioners, 291; Zhang's Feng-Shui analysis, 542

'''Masturbation'''<br />
171

'''mathesis'''<br />
194; The Greek word ''mathesis'' (akin to the Sanscrit manas - the mind) denoted the whole of human knowledge, including what nowadays involves mathematics, science, and philosophy; 630: "called into being by Mathesis alone"; 473.13; 194.14. ["Mad Mathesis" is a character appears in Lewis Carroll's ''A Tangled Tale''  [http://home.earthlink.net/~lfdean/carroll/tangled/ Read it]  in which each knot of the tale embodies a mathematical question.

'''Matson, Ralph'''<br />
578

'''Matthew Walker'''<br />
55; a type of knot

'''Maureen'''<br />
392; baker at the Inn whose pastries are fattening Dixon

'''Mauve'''<br />
28; Bodine's girl who lives with Hepsie in Portsea

'''Mayer'''<br />
730; his Lunar Tables; 768

'''McClean, Archibald'''<br />
457; father of Mo & Nathe, on M-D Line crew; of Swedesboro, 712

'''McClean, Moses'''<br />
7; camp commissary on M-D Line crew, and brother of Nathe

'''McClean, Nathanial'''<br />
322; on M-D Line crew, and brother of Moses; 445; 451; 573

'''McEntaggart'''<br />
723; in Ulster; 724

'''McFee, Light-Fingers'''<br />
610

'''McNoise, Topman'''<br />
404; at town meeting in New York

'''McNutley, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M-D Line crew

'''McNutley, Gwen'''<br />
455; wife of Mr. McNutley

'''McTiernan'''<br />
723

'''Mead, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

<div id="medmenham"></div>'''Medmenham Circle'''<br />
418; aka [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]], held orgies at Medmenham Abbey, the home of Sir Francis Dashwood; ''See also'' [[W#wilkes|Wilkes, John]]; [[S#sandwich|Sandwich, Lord]]

'''Medusa'''<br />
517

'''mee-shugginah'''<br />
280; slang derived from Yiddish, meaning "insane" or "crazy"

'''Megan'''<br />
641; "another of Michael's batch"

'''''Mens Rea'''<br />
321; Latin: "criminal intent"

'''Mentrix'''<br />
534; female mentor

'''mephitic'''<br />
391; possessing a noxious odor; 412; 557

'''''Mercury'''<br />
98; ship that takes Mason to St. Helena

'''''Meridien'''<br />
150; a velvet one from France

'''Merry Ghosts'''<br />
766; Haunted Inn in York which Charles and son Doc visit

'''Mesmer, Dr. Friedrich Anton, or Franz (1734-1815)'''<br />
216; Austrian physician who founded mesmerism (1772), based on the belief in the existence of a power called "animal magnetism"; 268; 272

'''Mesopotamia'''<br />
405

'''Messages'''<br />
145; 245; 252; elevation of Franklin's spectacles, 266; 287-88; 289; 318; 309;
321; 479; 513; Boreal Phenomenon, 516; fortune cookies, 526; 528; 567; worm
waiting for a sign, 590; Alchemist symbols, 594; 740; 757; 772

'''Metcalf, John "Blind Jack" (1717-1810)'''<br />
702; John Metcalf, commonly known as "Blind Jack of
Knaresborough," the first great English road-maker; [["Blind Jack" Metcalf|and the Rebellion of 1745 and More]]

'''Metropolis'''<br />
128; 233; 464; 488; 559; 601; 658; 685; 702

'''Micrometer'''<br />
707

'''Miller, Joe (1684-1738)'''<br />
279; Joe Miller was a famous English comic actor. His name has become a bit
of a synonym for great coarse humor, because after he died somebody published
a collection of such and put JM's name on the title: ''Joe Miller's Jest-Book,
or the Wit's Vade Mecum'' ["guidebook"]. There was a Batman comic way about 10-15 years ago where the Joker stole the original Joe Miller joke book from the Gotham museum.

'''Miller of Wherr'''<br />
734

'''Milton'''<br />
266; 596

'''Minchinhampton'''<br />
169; a small village a few miles southwest of Stroud, where the Peaches live; where they're buried, 184

'''Mingoes'''<br />
663; American Indian tribe

'''Mira'''<br />
107

'''Mirror'''<br />
129; 130; 287; 298; 413; 519; 525; 603; 720; 768

'''Mischianza'''<br />
6; "that memorable farewell Ball stag'd in '77 by the British who had been Occupying the City, just before their Withdrawal from Philadelphia"; held on May 18, 1777, "the famous tilt and tournament called the "Mischianza" took place. It was given in honor of Sir William Howe by the officers of his army, on the occasion of his recall to England, superseded in his command by Sir Henry Clinton."; [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html A Short History of the City of Philadelphia]

'''Mispick, Mr.'''<br />
267; "pharmacist" in Philadelphia

'''Mithras'''<br />
219

'''Mitre, The'''<br />
183; tavern in London; 213; Mason sees Dr. Johnson there, 744

'''Mobility'''<br />
214; crowd of common folk, or mob (derived from Latin: ''mobile vulgas'') - compare with "nobility"

'''Mobrays'''<br />
590; antidraconical family; Thomas Mowbray, 1st Duke of Norfolk, EARL OF
Nottingham, Earl Marshal (c.1366-1399, Venice [Italy]), English lord whose quarrel with Henry of Bolingbroke, Duke of Hereford (later King Henry IV, reigned 1399-1413), was a critical episode in the events leading to the overthrow of King Richard (reigned 1377-99) by Bolingbroke. The quarrel dominates the first act of William Shakespeare's play ''Richard II''.

'''Mohawk'''<br />
531; American Indian tribe; 572

'''moiré'''<br />
389

'''Mokko-Mokko'''<br />
57

<div id="molinos"></div>'''Molinos, Miguel (1640-96)'''<br />
Christian mystic who taught the direct relationship between the soul and God through contemplative prayer. His followers were called Molinists or <a href="q.html#quietists">Quietists</a>; persecuted by Zarpazo in Spain, 543

'''Molly & Dolly'''<br />
271; "students of the Electrickal Arts" and attractive female acquaintances of
B. Franklin's

'''Moment of D'''<br />
413; refers to one of the fundamental constants of physics which is
designated by the Greek letter 'mu' followed by a subscript small 'd' and is
formally known as the 'deuteron-magnetic moment.'

'''Monology'''<br />
497

'''Montague, Lady'''<br />
691; "Pope and"; 694

'''Montague's'''<br />
564; tavern in New York that is headquarters to the local Sons of Liberty

'''Montieth'''<br />
509

'''Moon, The'''<br />
116; "punch house on Cock Hill on St. Helena

'''Mopery'''<br />
165; Rebekah' pet name for Mason, "mopery" is the act of moping, vagrancy or dawdling; Rebekah's pet name for Mason; "Mopery" comes up fairly often in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M#mopery">Gravity's Rainbow]

'''Moran'''<br />
576; friend of Tom Hynes

<div id="moravian"></div>'''Moravians'''<br />
306; A Christian sect which had its origin in ancient Bohemia and Moravia in what is present-day Czechoslovakia. The Moravian Church traces its origins to followers of John Hus, the Bohemian martyr who was burned at the stake in 1415, and dates its formal beginning from 1457, when one group of the Hussites took the Latin name of Unitas Fratrum, or Unity of the Brethren. The Moravians began establishing communities in the US, particularly in Bethelehem, Pennsylvania, and Winston-Salem, North Carolina, in the early 18th century. Other settlement congregations were established in Pennsylvania, New Jersey and Maryland. All were considered frontier centers for the spread of the gospel, particularly in mission to the American Indians. [http://www.moravian.org Moravian Website]

'''Mortmain'''<br />
27

<div id="morton"></div>'''Morton, Mr.'''<br />
45; Secretary of the Royal Society at time of M-D Line; 50; 270; 437

'''Motrix'''<br />
15; Latin: "engine" or "motor" (as in "vis motrix" = "motor force" aka "soul"); 104; 451

'''Mounds'''<br />
597; 746

'''Mount Vernon'''<br />
273

'''Mournival, Nick'''<br />
115; "mournival": (from Oxford Dictionary): Now only hist. 1530 [Fr mournifle XVI, (now) slap, taunt; of unkn. origin] cards 1. A set of four aces, kings, queens or knaves in one hand 2. transf. A set of four (things or persons) - 1711; Florinda's fiancé proprietor of [[J#jenkins|Jenkin's Ear Museum]], 175

'''Mozart, Wolfgang Amadeus'''<br />
268

'''Mu'''<br />
22

'''Mun'''<br />
''See'' [[#maskelyne|Maskelyne, Edmund]]

'''Munchausen, Baron'''<br />
349-50; Refers to Rudolph Erich Raspe's ''Baron Munchausen's Narrative of His Marvellous Travels and Campaigns in Russia'', first published, anonymously, in London in 1785. A later, enlarged edition of 1793, ''The Adventures of Baron Munchausen'', is the more well known version. Cherrycoke, narrating in 1786, would be referring to the original version; 358; 720

'''Munden's Point'''<br />
108; on St. Helena, pair of Gallows

'''Murray'''<br />
458; friend of N. McClean's; 573

'''Musick'''<br />
172-173; 262-65; Surf Music, 264; Glass Armonica, 268, 272;

'''Mustapha'''<br />
103

'''''mutatis mutandis'''''<br />
533; Latin: "the necessary changes having been made"

'''Myers, Kit'''<br />
460; on M-D Line crew

'''Mythology'''<br />
Creation myth, 620; "White Women or Black Dogs" 635; Black Dog, 643; "Elves'
Treasury" 661; Nation of Giants, 662

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==Page 562==
'''Chester Town'''<br>[[File:Fortwilliamplan.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Plan of Fort William, c. 1844]]Chester is a town in Orange County, New York, United States... The town is named after another city in Great Britain. Chester contains a village, also called Chester. The town was first settled around 1721. The economy of the early town was based on dairy products. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_(town),_New_York WIKI]

'''''The Black Hole of Calcutta'''''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483].

'''Fort William'''<br>
Fort William is a fort built in Calcutta on the Eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganges, during the early years of the Bengal Presidency of British India. It was named after King William III of England. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, which used to be a part of the Fort and is the largest urban park in Calcutta. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William_(India) WIKI]

==Page 563==
'''Bengal'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404].

'''Howdah'''<br>
A howdah, or houdah, is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare. It was also a symbol of wealth for the owner, and as a result were decorated with expensive gems. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howdah WIKI]

==Page 564==
'''Polonaises'''<br>
A polonaise (originally robe à la Polonaise) is a woman's garment of the later 1770s and 1780s or a similar revival style of the 1880s inspired by Polish national costume, consisting of a gown with a fitted bodice and cutaway, draped and poufed overskirt, worn over an underskirt or petticoat. The eighteenth century polonaise (also referred to as a milkmaid dress) was a conscious imitation of rustic country women's habit of tucking their outer gowns up to keep them out of the muck. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Sacques'''<br>
The robe à la française or sack-back gown with flowing pleats from the shoulders was originally an undress fashion. At its most informal, this gown was unfitted both front and back and called a sacque. Later, for formal wear, the front was fitted to the body by means of a tightly-laced underbodice, while the back fell in loose box pleats called "Watteau pleats" from their appearance in the paintings of Antoine Watteau. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1700-1750_in_fashion WIKI]

'''Eyre Coote'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_478 478].

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br>
The Sons of Liberty was a secret organization of American patriots which originated in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. British authorities and their supporters, known as Loyalists, considered the Sons of Liberty as seditious rebels, referring to them as "Sons of Violence" and "Sons of Iniquity." Patriots attacked the apparatus and symbols of British authority and power such as property of the gentry, customs officers, East India Company tea, and as the war approached, vocal supporters of the Crown. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_406 406].

Info on Sons of Liberty Activities in New-York:<br>
[http://international.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/ncps:@field(DOCID+@lit(ABP7664-0011-48)):: HERE] and [http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~wcarr1/Lossing1/Chap54.html HERE.]

'''Stamp Act'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Mr. Pitt'''<br>
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham PC (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British Whig statesman who achieved his greatest fame leading Britain during the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). He again led the country (holding the official title of Lord Privy Seal) between 1766-68. He is often known as William Pitt, the Elder to distinguish him from his son, William Pitt, the Younger. He was also known as The Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title. The major American city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is named after him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham WIKI]

'''Massapequa'''<br>
Massapequa is a hamlet located in Nassau County, New York. A suburb on the South Shore of Long Island in the Town of Oyster Bay. For many years it was reported that Massapequa was one of the 13 tribes of Long Island. Later research says that it was just a Native American name for the location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massapequa WIKI]

==Page 565==
'''''Mais oui'''''<br>
That's right

'''the 'Sixty-six!'''<br>
See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766 LINK]

'''Prometheus'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_372 372].

'''Cap'n Kennedy'''<br>
Captain Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis (bef. 1736 – 30 December 1794) was a Scottish peer, the son of Archibald Kennedy, the descendant of the second son of the 3rd earl. He lived in New York City at 1 Broadway in the Kennedy mansion until he was recalled to succeeded to the Earldom on the death of the 10th earl, who had died without male issue. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Kennedy,_11th_Earl_of_Cassilis WIKI]

'''H.M.S. ''Coventry'''''<br>
HMS Coventry was a 28-gun, Frigate of the Royal Navy. The ship was designed by Sir Thomas Slade "to the draught of the Tartar with such alterations withinboard as may be judged necessary", making her a further development of the Lyme. A further eight ships were built to the draught of the Coventry between 1756 and 1758. The ship was captured by the French in 1783. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(1757) WIKI]

==Page 566==
'''Foretopman Bodine'''<br>
See [[Chapter_6:_47-57#page_55|55]] and [[b#bodine|Bodine]] alphabetical entry.

'''Madras'''<br>
Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the fifth most populous city in India. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras WIKI]

'''Capture of Manila'''<br>
A British conquest of the Spanish Philippines occurred between 1762 and 1764, although the only part of the Philippines which the British actually occupied was the Spanish colonial capital Manila with the principal Spanish naval port Cavite, both on Manila Bay. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Manila WIKI]

'''Perth Amboy'''<br>
Perth Amboy is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Perth Amboy is known as the "City by the Bay". Perth Amboy was formed by Royal Charter on August 4, 1718, within various townships... Perth Amboy Township was formed on October 31, 1693, and was enlarged during the 1720s to encompass Perth Amboy city. Perth Amboy Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships on February 21, 1798. The township was absorbed by Perth Amboy city on April 8, 1844. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Amboy WIKI]

'''Fort George'''<br>
See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_George,_New_York LINK]

'''Philip Dimdown'''<br>
See page 388 and [[d#dimdown|Dimdown, Philip]].

==Page 567==
'''French Bomb-Ketch'''<br>
A bomb vessel, bomb ship, bomb ketch, or simply bomb was a type of wooden sailing naval ship. Its primary armament was not cannon (long guns or carronades) - although bomb vessels carried a few cannon for self-defence - but rather mortars mounted forward near the bow and elevated to a high angle, and projecting their fire in a ballistic arc. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_ketch WIKI]

'''''La Fougueuse'''''<br>
The Fiery

'''the Communications'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_485 485].

'''Sharpies and Snows'''<br>
Sharpies are long, narrow sailboats with flat bottoms, extremely shallow draft, centerboards and straight, flaring sides. They are believed to have originated in the New Haven, Connecticut region of Long Island Sound, United States, for oystering, but later appeared in other areas. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpie_(boat) WIKI]

A snow (pronounced "snoo") or snaw, is a sailing vessel. A type of brig (snows are often-referred to as "snow-brigs"), snows were primarily used as merchant ships, but saw war service as well. The twin brigs Lawrence and Niagara, American warships of the Battle of Lake Erie, were both snows. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_(ship) WIKI]

==Page 568==
'''Mr. Emerson of Hurworth'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_216 216].

'''Cur'''<br>
Cur refers to a mutt, a dog of mixed ancestry, typically characterized as one who tends to growl frequently rather than maintain calm. It is also a derogatory term in American slang to insult someone by calling them a dog. Particularly, a mixed-breed dog. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cur WIKI]

==Page 569==
'''Small Beer'''<br>
Small beer is a beer/ale that contains very little alcohol. Sometimes unfiltered and porridge-like, it was a favoured drink in Medieval Europe and colonial North America where George Washington had a recipe involving bran and molasses. It was sometimes had with breakfast, as attested in Benjamin Franklin's autobiography... Small beer/small ale can also refer to a beer made of the "second runnings" from a very strong beer (e.g., scotch ale) mash. These beers can be as strong as a mild ale, depending on the strength of the original mash. This was done as an economy measure in household brewing in England up to the 18th century and is still done by some homebrewers and microbrewers such as Anchor Brewing Company. Metaphorically, small beer means a trifle, a thing of little importance. The term is also used derisively for commercially produced beers which are thought to taste too weak. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_beer#Small_beer WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

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'''Dabby, Shotton'''<br />
505

[[image:Daffys_Elixir.jpg|thumb|100px|Daffy's Elixir bottle|right]]'''Daffy's Elixir'''<br />
267; Daffy's 'elixir salutis' was one of many syrups used to keep children quiet. It was invented by the Reverend Thomas Daffy, Vicar of Redmile
(d.1680) in Leicestershire, first coming to public notice between 1660 and 1680. A recipe of 1700 for "True Daffy" lists the following common ingredients, many of which were purgatives: aniseed, fennel seed, parsley seed, spanish liquorice, senna, rhubarb, elecampane, jalap, saffron, manna, raisin, cochineal, brandy. A chemical analysis carried out in the 1940s of a bottle of daffy's that had been excavated, confirmed that this was a laxative that would have been made largely from alcohol, with senna as a chief ingredient (Richardmond & Webster, 36). One of the most common forms of alcohol used was gin; hence the slang name daffy's for gin; ALSO: 'What it tasted like one can no longer tell, but it was probably pretty good since it contained brandy, canary wine, oranges, lemons, rhubarb and a certain amount of borax, perhaps to convince customers that it really was a medicine and not just a rather expensive sort of gin' (Earle, 304); 538

'''Dalmatia'''<br />
223; a region on the eastern coast of the Adriatic Sea, situated mostly in modern Croatia

'''Damask'''<br />
419; plain coloured fabric (usu. white) with a design incorporated into the weave

'''Damsel, Anne'''<br />
205; Charles Mason's mother

'''Daniel'''<br />
640; a Mohawk Warrior; 675

'''Darby, Mr.'''<br />
7; chain-man on M-D Line crew; 444; impersonates M&D (with Cope), 471

'''d'Argental, Count & Countess'''<br />
668

'''Darkling Beetle'''<br />
88; A dark beetle without wings, also called nocturnal ground beetle, belonging to the family ''Tenebrionidae'' ["Tenebrae!" exclaims the contributor of this entry.]

'''Darlington, Earl of'''<br />
278; at Raby Castle

'''Darlington Fair'''<br />
235; Darlington is a borough of northeast England south
of Newcastle. It's annual fair was the place to see many other wonders,
such as tomatoes; 495

<div id="dasp"></div>'''Dasp, Captain'''<br />
414; Perhaps French: "d'asp" = "the asp [a small venomous [c.html#cobra">cobra-like</a> snake]"; "notorious Calvert agent" at Hurricanoe

'''Davies, Miss'''<br />
268; "Glass Armonica" player

'''Dawson'''<br />
575; friend of Tom Hynes

'''DEATH'''<br />
195; 247; "to turn Eastward..." 263; 281; 295; 346; 361; 364; 430; 501; 539;
541; 585; 599; "Death-shade of the Forest" 635; 646; "Instant of Tranquility"
660; 673; Insignia, 703; 713

'''De Bosch, Mrs.'''<br />
61; 102

'''Decadence'''<br />
275

'''Deep, Mr.'''<br />
728; "subcontinental genius" who designs Maskelyne's suit; Deep (more often Dip) is a common Indian surname

'''Defenestration'''<br />
198; the act of throwing someone (or something) out of a window; 685; [[The Defenestration of Prague]]

'''Deists'''<br />
261; The beginnings of English Deism appear in the seventeenth century, its main principles found in the writings of Lord Herbert of Cherbury (d. 1648). In ''De Veritate'' (Paris, 1624), Cherbury advanced a theory of knowledge based upon the recognition of innate universal characteristics on the object perceived, and rigidly opposed to knowledge supernatural in its origin and determinable in only by strife and conflict. In ''De religions Gentilium errorumque apud eos causes'' (London, 1645), he set out the common marks by which religious truth is recognized: (1) a belief in the existence of the Deity, (2) the obligation to reverence such a power, (3) the identification of worship with practical morality, (4) the obligation to repent of sin and to abandon it, and, (5) divine recompense in this world and the next. These five essentials (the so-called "Five Articles" of the English Deists) constitute the nucleus of all religions and of Christianity in its primitive, uncorrupted form. The variations between positive religions were explained as due partly to the allegorization of nature, partly to self-deception, the workings of imagination, and priestly guile; 278; 489; 568; 772

'''de la Tube, Père'''<br />
515; at the Jesuit College in Quebec; 531

'''Delisle, Joseph Nicolas (1688-1768)'''<br />
213; French astronomer, founded a famous school of astronomy in St. Petersburg in 1726; Chair of Astronomy, College de France; ''Mappemonde'' for the Transit of
Venus

'''Delphic Vapors'''<br />
311; fumes that emerged from a crack in the earth at the
Oracle at Delphi in Greece and "inspired" the priestess whose
uncomprehensible utterances would then be "interpreted" by a priest.

'''Delusse'''<br />
352

'''Dennis the Meager'''<br />
632; aka [[#dionysius|Dionysius Exiguus]] (Dennis = Dionysius; Exiguus = small, little, meager); perhaps a little Dennis the Menace allusion here [though no evidence for this apparent free-association whatsoever]

'''De Pugh'''<br />
96; son of Ives LeSpark

'''Derek'''<br />
23; Lunarian

'''Dermy'''<br />
723; in Ulster

'''d'Escaubitte, Pépé'''<br />
420; Perhaps pronounced: "peppy disco-beat"; French spy?

'''De Solis et Lunae Defectibus'''<br />
474; Latin: On Eclipses of the Sun and the Moon

<div id="desuper"></div>'''desuperpollicate'''<br />
581; Latin: "pollex" = "thumb" = "give a thumbs down"

'''Devil'''<br />
pentacle, 342; surveying chains called "Devil's Guts" 447; 471; 605

'''Devoirs'''<br />
8 French: duties (also school homework)

'''Dhow'''<br />
174; An Arab lateen-rigged (triangular sail on a low mast) low-waisted ship

'''Dicey, Mr.'''<br />
733; his "County Atlas"

'''Dieter'''<br />
160; German on St. Helena; 172; 551

<div id="dimdown"></div>
'''Dimdown, Philip'''<br />
365; 382; 386-388; 566

'''D.I.O.'''<br />
127; "Damme, I'm Off!" - a men's catchphrase of the late 18th-early 19th centuries; 413; 709

<div id="dionysius"></div>'''Dionysius Exiguus (c. 470 – c. 544)'''<br />
632; Dionysius Exiguus (Dennis the Little, meaning humble) was a sixth century monk born in Scythia Minor, in what is now the territory of Dobruja, Romania, and member of the so called "Scythian monks" community. He established the adoption of the birth of Christ as the initial epoch of the Christian calendar, while compiling a table of dates of Easter. An existing table covered the nineteen-year period denoted 228-247, where years were counted from the beginning of the reign of the Roman emperor Diocletian. Dionysius continued the table for a nineteen-year period, which he designated Anni Domini Nostri Jesu Christi 532-550. <ref>[http://astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html Calendars and Their History]</ref> [[Dionysius Exiguus|'''However...''']] when determining the date of the birth of Christ, Dionysious Exiguus forgot that Caesar Augustus had ruled under the name of Octavian for four years, and thus made a four-year error. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysius_Exiguus Wikipedia entry]

'''Dirk'''<br />
400; a long straight-bladed dagger

'''Dismal Swamp Land Company'''<br />
279; where Gershom says [probably in jest] Geo Washington wants Gershom to invest his money

'''Dithyrambists'''<br />
262; in ancient Greece, a dithyramb was an ecstatic hymn to Dionysus, the god of fertility and wine. Thus, the "Dithyrambists" would have been devotees of Dionysus; these days, dithyramb is, according to Webster, "a sus. short poem in an inspired wild irregular strain" or "a statement or writing in an exalted or enthusiastic vein"

'''Dittersdorf, Ditters von (1739-99)'''<br />
104; violin virtuoso and composer of 44 operas, and over 100 symphonies; 750

'''Dixon, Elizabeth'''<br />
238; Jeremiah's sister

'''Dixon, George, Jr.'''<br />
240; Jeremiah's brother; 477

'''Dixon, George, Sr.'''<br />
238; Jeremiah's father, who has a "wild-cat coal operation out upon the Fell";
650

'''Dixon, George'''<br />
116; Jeremiah's Great-Uncle; 416

'''Dixon, Hannah'''<br />
241; Jeremiah's sister

'''Dixon, Jeremiah (1733-79)'''<br />
7; and Emerson, 21; Quaker, 43; "I owe my existence to a pair of Shoes" 238;
father dies, 241; his map of the world, 242; in Williamsburg, 394; "To the
pursuit of Happiness" 395; Edge of Pleasure, 415; practicing levitation, 423;
440; commence M-D Line, 444; learning to fly, 504; meets Eliza, 536; at Theater
with No Name in New York, 562; Enclosure, 587; "off at an angle to the serial
curve of his Life" 599 [[Comparisons#angle|''Gravity's Rainbow'']]; "Young Jollification" 648; wants to keep the Line going,
678; [[Jeremiah Dixon's Biography#slaver|accosts slave-driver]], 695; willing to go to Cherry Island to view second
Transit of Venus, 717; [[Jeremiah Dixon Biography|Biography]]; [[Email from Dixon's GGG Granddaughter|Email received from Dixon's GGG Granddaughter!]]

'''Dixon, Mary Hunter (d.1773)'''<br />
751; Dixon's second wife; 753

'''Dixon, Ralph'''<br />
239; George Dixon Sr.'s father

'''Dodd'''<br />
243; "the Peedee" (on the River Tyne, the boy on board a keel)

'''Dodman'''<br />
221; 234; 248; 681

'''Dodington, George Bubb'''<br />
''See'' [b.html#bubb">Bubb Doddington, George</a>

'''Dog Goblin, The'''<br />
229; at Cudgel and Throck

'''Dolland, John (1706-61)'''<br />
13; Born into a Huguenot family, and originally a silk weaver, he became an optician in 1752 and, with the help of his son Peter, invented an achromatic telescope. Still in business in the UK (as Dolland & Aicheson) as manufacturers of lenses and eye-glasses.

'''Dolly'''<br />
299; measuring Eastern movement of Pennsylvania

'''Dope'''<br />
Dagga, 65, 655; opium, 129, 140, 141, 267; Laudanum, 267; George Washington &
"hemp" 278; 378; 411; 481; giant hemp plant, 654; "''Dagga'' hath many mysteries"
655

'''Douceur'''<br />
458; French, softness

'''Douglas, Captain'''<br />
738; of H.M.S. ''Emerald''

'''Doxies'''<br />
70; "she beggars, wenches, whores" ''Dictionary of the Vulgar
Tongue'' (1811)

'''Draco'''<br />
189; 587

'''Draconick Incursion'''<br />
216; the arrival of a dragon

'''Dragon'''<br />
601; "shape" of the land"; 635

'''DREAMING'''<br />
70; 108; 109; 112; 155; 179; 205; 320-21; Brittania dreaming of America, 345;
359; 378; 387; 394; 409; 435; 477; 492-93; Captives, 529-30; 531; Mason's,
538; Tenebrae's, 553; 561; 592; 593; 608; 609; 610; 620; 649; 663; 671; 677;
"just at the Crepuscule" 690; 696; "Fugitive as a Dream" 703; "were sold to pay"
703; 708; Mason, 718; Mason, 721-23; "ordinary" 725; Mason's of "night-time
City" 749; 749; M & D dreaming of each other, 752; "No-body's dream of Life"
755; Mason dreaming of America, 757; 759; 759; 760

'''Drivelli, Signore'''<br />
669; perhaps a recycled Driwelling, GR 518; engineer at Peenemünde

'''Drogo'''<br />
402; half-breed on Long Island

'''Druids'''<br />
210; 219; "bonfire of the Bodleian" 560; 597

'''Duck'''<br />
463; a durable, closely woven usu. cotton fabric

<div id="duck"></div>'''Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal'''<br />
372-80; an actual historickal figure; "account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by [[V#vaucanson|Vaucanson]], inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the
food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her
feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living
duck" (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers.
London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon,
1742); 666-69; [http://music.calarts.edu/~sroberts/articles/DeVaucanson.duck.html Elaboration & Illustration]

'''Duck-Boards'''<br />
694; a boardwalk or slatted flooring laid on a wet, muddy, or cold surface --
usually used in plural

'''Duke of Bedford'''<br />
53

'''Duke of Glouchester'''<br />
290; Ale venue in Philadelphia

'''Dumbledores'''<br />
470; "peevish Dumbledores in flight"; dialect term for the bumble-bee

'''Dunkard Creek'''<br />
673; ''See'' [[Charles Mason's Journal#dunkard|Mason's Journal Entry]]

'''Durham'''<br />
216; 233; 238

'''Dusky Olaf'''<br />
613; aka Sweden; derived from King Olaf (995-1030 A.D.) who reigned
during the lifetime of and was a close friend of Leif Ericsson, the first European to reach North America. Olaf was king of Norway and Sweden from 1016 to 1028. Dusky implies the sunset, contrary to Stig's "all-night sun" (612.6) but more likely a joking reference to skin colour; 'dusky' is an arcane euphemism for 'non-white', and Stig is suggesting that Swedes are relatively dark-skinned.

'''Dutch Rifle, The'''<br />
342; tavern where the Paxton Boys had a drink before slaughtering the Indians,
with the pentacle on its sign

===References===
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

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==Page 562==
'''Chester Town'''<br>[[File:Fortwilliamplan.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Plan of Fort William, c. 1844]]Chester is a town in Orange County, New York, United States... The town is named after another city in Great Britain. Chester contains a village, also called Chester. The town was first settled around 1721. The economy of the early town was based on dairy products. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester_(town),_New_York WIKI]

'''''The Black Hole of Calcutta'''''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483].

'''Fort William'''<br>
Fort William is a fort built in Calcutta on the Eastern banks of the River Hooghly, the major distributary of the River Ganges, during the early years of the Bengal Presidency of British India. It was named after King William III of England. In front of the Fort is the Maidan, which used to be a part of the Fort and is the largest urban park in Calcutta. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_William_(India) WIKI]

==Page 563==
'''Bengal'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404].

'''Howdah'''<br>
A howdah, or houdah, is a carriage which is positioned on the back of an elephant, or occasionally some other animal, used most often in the past to carry wealthy people or for use in hunting or warfare. It was also a symbol of wealth for the owner, and as a result were decorated with expensive gems. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howdah WIKI]

==Page 564==
'''Polonaises'''<br>
A polonaise (originally robe à la Polonaise) is a woman's garment of the later 1770s and 1780s or a similar revival style of the 1880s inspired by Polish national costume, consisting of a gown with a fitted bodice and cutaway, draped and poufed overskirt, worn over an underskirt or petticoat. The eighteenth century polonaise (also referred to as a milkmaid dress) was a conscious imitation of rustic country women's habit of tucking their outer gowns up to keep them out of the muck. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polonaise_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Sacques'''<br>
The robe à la française or sack-back gown with flowing pleats from the shoulders was originally an undress fashion. At its most informal, this gown was unfitted both front and back and called a sacque. Later, for formal wear, the front was fitted to the body by means of a tightly-laced underbodice, while the back fell in loose box pleats called "Watteau pleats" from their appearance in the paintings of Antoine Watteau. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1700-1750_in_fashion WIKI]

'''Eyre Coote'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_478 478].

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br>
The Sons of Liberty was a secret organization of American patriots which originated in the Thirteen Colonies during the American Revolution. British authorities and their supporters, known as Loyalists, considered the Sons of Liberty as seditious rebels, referring to them as "Sons of Violence" and "Sons of Iniquity." Patriots attacked the apparatus and symbols of British authority and power such as property of the gentry, customs officers, East India Company tea, and as the war approached, vocal supporters of the Crown. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sons_of_Liberty WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_406 406].

Info on Sons of Liberty Activities in New-York:<br>
[http://international.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/r?ammem/ncps:@field(DOCID+@lit(ABP7664-0011-48)):: HERE] and [http://freepages.history.rootsweb.com/~wcarr1/Lossing1/Chap54.html HERE.]

'''Stamp Act'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Mr. Pitt'''<br>
William Pitt, 1st Earl of Chatham PC (15 November 1708 – 11 May 1778) was a British Whig statesman who achieved his greatest fame leading Britain during the Seven Years' War (known as the French and Indian War in North America). He again led the country (holding the official title of Lord Privy Seal) between 1766-68. He is often known as William Pitt, the Elder to distinguish him from his son, William Pitt, the Younger. He was also known as The Great Commoner, because of his long-standing refusal to accept a title. The major American city of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, is named after him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Pitt,_1st_Earl_of_Chatham WIKI]

'''Massapequa'''<br>
Massapequa is a hamlet located in Nassau County, New York. A suburb on the South Shore of Long Island in the Town of Oyster Bay. For many years it was reported that Massapequa was one of the 13 tribes of Long Island. Later research says that it was just a Native American name for the location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massapequa WIKI]

==Page 565==
'''''Mais oui'''''<br>
That's right

'''the 'Sixty-six!'''<br>
See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1766 LINK]

'''Prometheus'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_372 372].

'''Cap'n Kennedy'''<br>
Captain Archibald Kennedy, 11th Earl of Cassilis (bef. 1736 – 30 December 1794) was a Scottish peer, the son of Archibald Kennedy, the descendant of the second son of the 3rd earl. He lived in New York City at 1 Broadway in the Kennedy mansion until he was recalled to succeeded to the Earldom on the death of the 10th earl, who had died without male issue. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald_Kennedy,_11th_Earl_of_Cassilis WIKI]

'''H.M.S. ''Coventry'''''<br>
HMS Coventry was a 28-gun, Frigate of the Royal Navy. The ship was designed by Sir Thomas Slade "to the draught of the Tartar with such alterations withinboard as may be judged necessary", making her a further development of the Lyme. A further eight ships were built to the draught of the Coventry between 1756 and 1758. The ship was captured by the French in 1783. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Coventry_(1757) WIKI]

==Page 566==
'''Foretopman Bodine'''<br>
See [[Chapter_6:_47-57#page_55|55]] and [[b#bodine|Bodine]] alphabetical entry.

'''Madras'''<br>
Chennai, formerly known as Madras, is the capital city of the Indian state of Tamil Nadu. Chennai is the fourth most populous metropolitan area and the fifth most populous city in India. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madras WIKI]

'''Capture of Manila'''<br>
A British conquest of the Spanish Philippines occurred between 1762 and 1764, although the only part of the Philippines which the British actually occupied was the Spanish colonial capital Manila with the principal Spanish naval port Cavite, both on Manila Bay. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capture_of_Manila WIKI]

'''Perth Amboy'''<br>
Perth Amboy is a city in Middlesex County, New Jersey, United States. Perth Amboy is known as the "City by the Bay". Perth Amboy was formed by Royal Charter on August 4, 1718, within various townships... Perth Amboy Township was formed on October 31, 1693, and was enlarged during the 1720s to encompass Perth Amboy city. Perth Amboy Township was incorporated as one of New Jersey's initial 104 townships on February 21, 1798. The township was absorbed by Perth Amboy city on April 8, 1844. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perth_Amboy WIKI]

'''Fort George'''<br>
See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_George,_New_York LINK]

==Page 567==
'''French Bomb-Ketch'''<br>
A bomb vessel, bomb ship, bomb ketch, or simply bomb was a type of wooden sailing naval ship. Its primary armament was not cannon (long guns or carronades) - although bomb vessels carried a few cannon for self-defence - but rather mortars mounted forward near the bow and elevated to a high angle, and projecting their fire in a ballistic arc. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bomb_ketch WIKI]

'''''La Fougueuse'''''<br>
The Fiery

'''the Communications'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_485 485].

'''Sharpies and Snows'''<br>
Sharpies are long, narrow sailboats with flat bottoms, extremely shallow draft, centerboards and straight, flaring sides. They are believed to have originated in the New Haven, Connecticut region of Long Island Sound, United States, for oystering, but later appeared in other areas. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharpie_(boat) WIKI]

A snow (pronounced "snoo") or snaw, is a sailing vessel. A type of brig (snows are often-referred to as "snow-brigs"), snows were primarily used as merchant ships, but saw war service as well. The twin brigs Lawrence and Niagara, American warships of the Battle of Lake Erie, were both snows. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snow_(ship) WIKI]

==Page 568==
'''Mr. Emerson of Hurworth'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_216 216].

'''Cur'''<br>
Cur refers to a mutt, a dog of mixed ancestry, typically characterized as one who tends to growl frequently rather than maintain calm. It is also a derogatory term in American slang to insult someone by calling them a dog. Particularly, a mixed-breed dog. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cur WIKI]

==Page 569==
'''Small Beer'''<br>
Small beer is a beer/ale that contains very little alcohol. Sometimes unfiltered and porridge-like, it was a favoured drink in Medieval Europe and colonial North America where George Washington had a recipe involving bran and molasses. It was sometimes had with breakfast, as attested in Benjamin Franklin's autobiography... Small beer/small ale can also refer to a beer made of the "second runnings" from a very strong beer (e.g., scotch ale) mash. These beers can be as strong as a mild ale, depending on the strength of the original mash. This was done as an economy measure in household brewing in England up to the 18th century and is still done by some homebrewers and microbrewers such as Anchor Brewing Company. Metaphorically, small beer means a trifle, a thing of little importance. The term is also used derisively for commercially produced beers which are thought to taste too weak. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small_beer#Small_beer WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

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'''C. of E.'''<br />
250; Church of England

'''Cabot'''<br />
141; Giovanni Caboto (c. 1450 – c. 1499), known in English as John Cabot, an Italian navigator and explorer commonly credited as the first early modern European to discover the North American mainland, in 1497

<div id="caeserini"></div>'''Caesarini, Cardinal'''<br />
591; began Transylvanian Crusade; Official emissary for Pope Eugenius IV in
mid-15th century. In 1444, encouraged the king of Hungary, Ulaszlo I, to violate the [[S#szeged|Truce of Szeged]] and attack the Turks in an attempt to save Constantinople from the Ottoman Empire.

'''Cagliostro, Alessandro Conte (1743-95)'''<br />
358; Italian adventurer, magican, and alchemist who travelled cities of Europe posing as physician, mesmerist, necromancer, and Freemason. Cagliostro claimed to know the secret of the philosopher's stone as well as miraculous philtres and potions. He was implicated in the Diamond Necklace affair, imprisoned and acquitted but left for Rome in 1789, where Inquisition charged him with heresy and sorcery and condemned him to die, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison where he died in a dungeon.

'''Calathumpians'''<br />
582; Slang: "beggars"

'''calendar reform'''<br />
''See'' [[E#eleven|Eleven Missing Days]]

<div id="Calverts"></div>'''Calverts'''<br />
268; Sir George Calvert (1580-1632), the first Lord Baltimore, was granted the colonial territory of Maryland by James I, but he died just prior to the charter being granted in 1632; Frederick Calvert, the sixth Lord Baltimore (from 1751 to 1777), was the man during the surveying of the M-D Line; Frederick, 301; Calvert agents, 337; Dixon's Calvert connections, 393

'''Cannibalism'''<br />
384; 386

'''Canny Bob'''<br />
734; "chased by the Romans"

'''Cape Constantia'''<br />
165; wine

'''Cape Henlopen'''<br />
258; at the mouth of Delaware Bay, opposite Cape May, NJ. The beginning of the Mason-Dixon line is about twenty miles south of Cape Henlopen, at the Fenwick Island lighthouse.

'''Capella'''<br />
310; a binary Latitude-Star - Capella (She-Goat) is the topmost star in the Constellation Auriga (The Charioteer); 332

'''Caput Draconis'''<br />
188; London's Zenith-star

'''Carillon'''<br />
244

'''Cariño'''<br />
431

'''Carnatic'''<br />
131; region SE India between Eastern Ghats and Coromandel coast now in Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka. It's coastline is in Andhra Pradesh, and is on the Bay of Bengal.

'''Carpenter, John'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by a falling tree

'''Cartagena and Minorca'''<br />
729; A reference to the [[S#seven|Seven Years War]], which began in 1756. Britain became involved because of competition with France for colonies in India and America. Minorca was taken from the British by a large French fleet; Admiral John Byng was sent to the rescue, but was forced to retreat to Gibraltar. This is the same year as the [[B#blackhole|Black Hole of Calcutta]], instigated by the Nawwab of Bengal, which gave the British reason to intervene. Robert Clive retook Calcutta, and won control of Bengal, India's richest province, the following year, thus laying the foundations of the British Empire in India.

'''Casanova'''<br />
260

'''Caseifaction'''<br />
167; the act of turning into cheese. As a side note, Casein, the predominant milk protein, is used to make [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galalith|Galalith] an early plastic, otherwise known as artificial horn, and used in button making. Its early production was centered in Stroud, close bye.

'''Castle Rock'''<br />
175; on St. Helena

'''''casus belli'''''<br />
675; Latin: "occasion of war" - an event that allegedly justifies war or conflict

'''Catawba'''<br />
675; tribe at war with Iriquois

'''Catfish, Chief'''<br />
673; Delaware tribe; 680

'''Cavendish, Henry'''<br />
730; "error he pointed out regarding the Allegheny Mountains"

'''Cecil County'''<br />
469; Cecil is the North
Eastern-most county in Maryland, with Cecilton close to the Tangent Line near its Southern border and including Octarara in its North West corner. It
is bounded by the Susquehanna and Sassafras Rivers on its West and
South sides and by the Line and the Tangent Line on its North and East. The emblem of Cecil Country is apparently a depiction of a male & female [d.html#duck">duck</a> flying together.

'''Celebes'''<br />
311; perfumes of; Now known as Sulawesi, this is an island off E. Borneo

'''Céléron'''<br />
548; his Lead Plates<br />

:The lead plates of Céléron de Bienville, referenced by George Washington, are real. In a show of force to Pennsylvania traders who had begun settling more and more west into the French-owned Ohio River Valley, de Bienville sailed down the Ohio River by way of the Scioto River in August 1749. Along the way at strategic points he buried leaden plates inscribed with the declaration of title to the lands.

'''Celts'''<br />
310

'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br />
503; Latin: "other things being equal"

<div id="chain"></div>'''Chain of Being, Great'''<br />
365, 417-18, 438; The Western Middle Ages conception of culture that describes Being as like a great chain with the top representing perfection in the highest degree (aka God) and the bottom representing the least possible perfection, which is nothingness (but not Evil). The chain in its entirety represents all degrees of perfection from the highest and fullest to the lowest and least; it is complete. Traditionally, it was also fixed; only God (e.g., Lucifer's fall and various miracles) and alchemists could cause a reordering.

In 1761, a book called ''Natural History of Animals'' by George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (commonly refered to as "Buffon") (1707-1788), used the chain to justify colonization, placing Europeans above the natives they ruled. <ref>[http://www.purifymind.com/GeorgeLeclerc.htm Read more...]</ref>

See also: [http://www.earlham.edu/suber/courses/re/chain.htm The Great Chain of Being], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_chain_of_being Wikipedia entry]

An astute reader on the [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22416&sort=author Pynchon L] pointed out links to Hawthorne's ''Ethan Brand'': "He had lost his hold of the magnetic chain of humanity. He was no longer a brother-man, opening the chambers or the dungeons of our common nature by the key of holy sympathy, which gave him a right to share in all its secrets; he was now a cold observer, looking on mankind as the subject of his experiment, and, at length, converting man and woman to be his puppets, and pulling the wires that moved them to such degrees of crime as were demanded for his study."

'''Chalford'''<br />
184; where Bradley dies

'''Cham, The'''<br />
744; aka Dr. Johnson

'''Chancery'''<br />
257;

'''Chandler's Dogs'''<br />
403

'''Changhaienne, La'''<br />
27

'''Chantry, Mr.'''<br />
304; lawyer in Philadelphia

'''Chaos Theory'''<br />
281; 364

'''Chapman'''<br />
674

'''Chapter-Ring'''<br />
147; a ringlike band on the dial of a clock which bears the numerals or other sympbols of the hours

<div id="charles-l"></div>'''Charles I (1600-49)'''<br />
550; king of England and Ireland, 1625-49;

'''Charles II (1630-85)'''<br />
335; king of Scotland and England from 1660; brother of James II (aka Duke of
York), 336; 721

'''Charles' Wain'''<br />
653; aka Ursa Major, referring to King Charles of France

'''Charter'd Companies'''<br />
252; The lord proprietors of England's colonial trading companies claimed special protections over their incorporated businesses, extended through their divinely granted authority, including permanency of incorporation, limited liability, and the legal authority to be free from community and worker interference. These protections were initially limited by the American colonists, whose intent in this area was to create a nation where the citizenry were the government and the government controlled the corporations--by ensuring that, if a corporation violated its agreement to obey all laws, to serve the public good, and to cause no harm, its charter would be revoked.

'''Chatfield'''<br />
41; "There's something wrong with our bloody [not "dam'd"] ships today, Chatfield" - David Beatty (1st Earl Beatty), British Admiral of the Fleet (1916 - 1919), at the Battle of Jutland in 1916; quoted in Winston Churchill's ''The World Crisis 1916-1918'' (1927) pt. 1, p. 129.

'''Chauncy'''<br />
251

'''Chen, Miss'''<br />
628; "operatick Personage"

'''Cheroot, Zoot'''<br />
766

'''Cherrycoke, Elizabeth ("Zab")'''<br />
759; Wicks' sister who is married to J. Wade LeSpark; ''See'' [[L#zab|LeSpark, Elizabeth]]

'''Cherrycoke, Reverend Wicks'''<br />
6; the storyteller who, in a situation modeled on Scheherazade's in the ''Arabian Nights'', may remain at the home of Ives LeSpark as long as he can keep the children (and of course the "Sultan" himself) entertained with his tale; Scheherazade, who married the murderous King Schahriyar, was able to extend her life by telling the king an enchanting story which remained incomplete at the end of each telling; the name "Wicks" also dovetails nicely with [[T#tenebrae|Tenebrae]] and has other interesting [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Etymological musings]]; on the ''Seahorse'', 35; 85; ''Spiritual Day-Book'', 275; ''Christ and History'', 349; [http://www.meru.org/Posters/lampwick.html Lamp & Wick]

'''chess'''<br />
55; 294

'''Chesterfield, Lord'''<br />
193; 557

'''Chester-le-Street'''<br />
243; town about 10 miles N of Durham

<div id="Chew"></div>'''Chew, Benjamin'''<br />'''
327; one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania; 436

'''Chippendale'''<br />
336, 413, 421; Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''Chisel, Le'''<br />
27; 28

'''Christ, Jesus H.'''<br />
26; 101; 231; 260-61; 264; 288; ''Christ and History'', 349; Eucharistic
Sacrament, 384, 385; 409; Widows of, 419; goes away, 480-81; making Golems,
486; Holy Trinity, 495; Ascent to Christ, 511; 520; Wolf of Jesus, 522; Return,
568; Birth, 631; loaves and fishes, 700; 726

'''Chronometer'''<br />
213; a very exact timepiece, usu. for use in determining longitude at sea. Now can mean any accurate timepiece; 321

'''Chronoscope'''<br />
177: primarily a timing device for reaction-time experiments, used to measure time during extremely brief intervals

'''''Cicinielli'''''<br />

235; Neopolitan fish dish

'''Cilial Excursion'''<br />
283

'''Cilice'''<br />
230; Jesuit chastity belt, a wire girdle with sharp metallic points to irritate the skin; from Latin (''cilicia'': course garment made from haircloth); 520

:'''Cilice:''' a spiked chain worn around the upper thigh for two hours each day, except for Church feast days, Sundays, and certain times of the year. This is perhaps the most shocking of the corporal mortifications, and generally Opus Dei members are extremely hesitant to admit that they use them. It is a painful mortification which leaves small prick holes in the flesh, and makes the Opus Dei members tentative about wearing swim suits wherever non-Opus Dei members may be. <ref>[http://www.odan.org/archives_corporal.htm Opus Dei Website]</ref>

'''Circumferentor'''<br />
241; 301; an instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal angles

'''Cities'''<br />
289; 292; 309; 344; of Earth, 385; London, 391; "great Mother-City" 522; 548;
"Anti-City" 609; 671; night-time, 749; in Chaos, 750; 771

'''Clasper, Henry'''<br />
100

<div id="clive"></div>'''Clive of Plassy, Robert, Lord (1725-74)'''<br />
74; aka "Clive of India"; English soldier and administrator who joined the East India Company in Madras. He attempted suicide, failed at it, and eventually distinguished himself against the French-Indian forces in Madras and, after marrying Margaret Maskelyne, returned to Britain a hero; he returned to India and avenged the Black Hole of Calcutta incident by retaking Calcutta and, at Plassy, he defeated the Nawab of Bengal. He returned to India several more times to aid the East India Company, but ultimately drew the opprobrium of parliament and committed suicide; brother-in-law of N. Maskelyne; 130; 160; 187; [[Dr. Johnson#clive|Dr. Johnson 'pon]]

'''Clocks'''<br />
121-24; 155

'''Clonfert'''<br />
134; location of monastery founded by Saint Brendan

'''Cloud Hill'''<br />
193

'''Clovis'''<br />
297; working on Obs in Philadelphia; Clovis could be a reference to the first Frankish King. Under the Romans that big area between the Channel and the Alps was known as Gaul, after the Celts living there. Clovis and his Franks were a conquering Germanic tribe, and Clovis is more or less considered history's first Frenchman.

'''Coal'''<br />
219; 418; 468

<div id="cobra"></div>'''Cobra'''<br />
550; "Once it was a Cyst, growing within the Brain of a Cobra"; [[/pynchon/mason-dixon/extra/cobra.html">Discussion</a>]; ''See also'' [d.html#dasp">Capt. Dasp</a>

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br />
504; near where Dixon lived and which he avoided; Cockfield is a small village just a few miles north of [[S#staindrop|Staindrop]] and a
few miles West of Bishop Auckland in County Durham. Staindrop is a lovely
little village with Raby Castle just on its edge. The Cockfield road heads out into open land and is quite bleak by contrast with the comfortable and
civilized feel of Staindrop.

'''Cock Lane Ghost'''<br />
183; in London; 359; 747

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon'''<br />
376; other Mechanickal Fowl

'''Coffee'''<br />
"administering Enemas of Lucas the Cook's notorious Coffee" 54; 356; 467; "ingenious College Coffee Machine" 515

'''College of William and Mary'''<br />
571; Nathe McClean attending, 573

'''collier'''<br />
26; a ship that transports coal

'''Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506)'''<br /> 487; First European to discover America; b. Genoa, Italy. In Portugal, he became a master mariner and was determined to reach India by sailing west. After eight years of supplication, he received the backing of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I. On Oct. 12, 1492, his ships, the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria, reached Watling Island, in the Bahama group; later they touched Cuba and Hispaniola. He was made an admiral and governor general of all new lands. In 1493 he set sail with 17 ships, exploring Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands, and founding a colony in Hispaniola. In 1498 he explored Venezuela, realizing that he had found a continent. Because of disreputable conditions in Hispaniola, he was replaced as governor in 1500 and returned to Spain in chains. On his last voyage (1502) he reached Central America. Although he is considered a master navigator today, he died in neglect, almost forgotten.

'''Complexity Theory'''<br />
373; e.g. the Mechanickal Duck

'''Comte de St.-Germain'''<br />
358

<div id="condamine"></div>'''Condamine, Charles Marie de La (1701-74)'''<br />
544; French scientist and member of the Académie Royale des Sciences, studied at the Jesuit College of Louis-le-Grand in Paris. In April 1735 La
Condamine made a successful expedition to Peru with [[B#bouguer|Bouguer]] and [[L#lemaire|LeMaire]] to measure the length of a degree of meridian at the equator; LeMaire in Peru with, 544; <ref>[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/La_Condamine.html Online Biography]</ref>

'''Conestoga'''<br />
304; site of Indian Massacre; Waggons, 638; [[Lancaster & Conestoga|MORE]]

<div id="conflans"></div>'''Conflans'''<br />
27; Hubert de Brienne, Count de Conflans, was commander of the French fleet trapped by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's]] fleet in Quiberon Bay and soundly defeated in 1759

'''Conococheague'''<br />
499

'''Conoloways'''<br />
608; "The Tonoloways (a.k.a. Conolloway) Settlement was the site of numerous
disputes - both with Indians and Governments, the latter due to conflicts over
the state line between Maryland and Pennsylvania - a state line which
Tonoloways straddled, not always successfully, as is shown below. To research
the Combs of Tonoloways, it has been necessary to first become familiar with
the county organizations of both Pennsylvania and Maryland." From a now-defunct website.

<div id="consubstantiate"></div>'''consubstantiate'''<br>
367; the union of the Christ's body with the Eucharist (as opposed to transubstantiate)

'''Continentals'''<br />
294

'''Cooch Girls'''<br />
21; Slang: prostitutes

'''Cookworthy, Mr.'''<br />
61

'''Cookie'''<br />
243

<div id="coote"></div>'''Coote, Eyre (1726-83)'''<br />
Commander of the East India Company forces in Bengal commander-in
charge in India. He led the British against the French in the Battle of
Wandiwash; Battle of Wandiwash, 564; ''See also'' [[B#wandiwash|Battle of Wandiwash]]

From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eyre_Coote Wikipedia]: In 1756 a part of the regiment, then quartered at Madras, was sent forward to join Robert Clive in his operations against Calcutta which had recently been captured by captured by the forces of the Nawab of Bengal, which had been followed by the [[b#blackhole|Black Hole of Calcutta]]. The city was reoccupied without difficulty in January 1757. However, Coote and Clive argued so violently over who should reoccupy Fort William that they almost fired at each other, which began a lifelong rivalry and hatred between the two men.

analogy to Mason, [[Chapter_49:_476-483#page_478|478]]; [[Chapter_57:_562-569#page_564|564]]

'''Cope, Mr.'''<br />
7; chain-man on M-D Line crew; 445; impersonating M&D with Darby, 471

'''Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)'''<br />
545; Polish astronomer who, in 1530, completed his ''De Revolutionibus'' which
proved that the sun was the centre of the universe; it was published in 1543,
just prior to his death

'''Copley Medal'''<br />
708; John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) is considered by many to be
America's first great artist  although he ended up living and
dying in London. He mainly painted Tories, and was ineffectually involved in some negotiations with the "violent Sons of Liberty" in the run up to the Boston Tea Party. His painting "Paul Revere" is considered to be (in the words of Robert Hughes in ''American Visions'') "one of the icons of American identity." His "The Death of Chatham" depicts the death by stroke of the Pitt the Elder.

'''coprophagously'''<br />
428; shit-eating

'''Coracles'''<br />
487; a kind of boat made of animal skins that has been in use since ancient times

'''Corf'''<br />
439; A large basket formerly used for conveying, hoisting, or delivering, mineral coal or ore

'''Cornwallis'''<br />
264; "surrender of"

'''Cotswold Waggon'''<br />
168; carries the Great Octuple Cheese

'''Cousins'''<br />
259

'''Covent Garden'''<br />
136; "Covent" is a corruption of "Convent"; the garden and burial ground attached
to the convent or Abbey of Westminster; in the 18th century, with its numerous
coffee-houses and taverns, it was a favored hang-out of poets, actors and
artists; it was also the site of the Covent Garden Theatre which opened in 1732;
518; 527; 643; 674

'''Crapaud, Jean'''<br />
11; Slang for a Frenchman (''crapaud'' = toad, frog)

'''Crawfford, Hugh'''<br />
600; M&D's interpreter; 646; 648; dulcimer tune, 670

'''Creature'''<br />
''See'' [[G#Golems|Golems]]

'''Creeping Nick'''<br />
680; Mason's horse

<div id="cresap"></div>'''Cresap, Thomas'''<br />
276; [[S#smith|Samuel Smith's]] adversary, aka "The Beast of Baltimore" and "The Maryland Monster". Cresap was a surveyor and a defender of the Calvert's boundary claims. In 1736, Smith, a Pennsylvanian, burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt. Once arrested, Cresap was taken by Smith and his men to a Philadelphia jail (upon entering Rhiladelphia, Cresap is said to have exclaimed to George Aston, one of his guards, "Damn it, Aston, this is one of the Prettyest Towns in Maryland"). Apparently, Cresap was so obnoxious that the Pennsylvanians quickly asked him to leave the prison and return home. He replied that he refused to leave until he was ordered to by the King. The order came on August 18, 1737. Kenneth P. Bailey, Cresap's biographer, seems to indirectly connect the "Maryland Monster" nickname with this event. (Thanks to Keith Woodward) [[Charles Mason's Journal#cresap|Mason's Journal Entry]]; [[Thomas Cresap|Cresap Biography]]; Grandfather, 584; 638

'''Crochet'''<br />
702; personal quirk

'''Crofter's hut'''<br />
522

'''Cromorne, Reverend'''<br />
197; French: "crooked horn"; alternative spelling in English for krummhorn

'''Cromwell, Oliver'''<br />
226

'''Crooked Finger Inn'''<br />
687; in Delaware

'''Crosier, Sister'''<br />
519; a Jesuit

'''Cross Keys, The'''<br />
341; where M&D stay in Lancaster

'''Crusade'''<br />
588

'''''Cryptoscope'''''<br />
301

'''Cudgel and Throck'''<br />
227; Emerson's "local" in County Durham; a cudgel is a short heavy club; a throck is a spell that causes plants to grow, or also seen defined as "the piece of Timber on which the Suck is fixed, on a plough."

'''Cumberland'''<br />
586

'''Cygnus'''<br />
673; Latin: the Swan, a constellation

<div id="cymry"></div>'''Cymry'''<br />
600; from Cymru, Welsh name for Wales; Welsh name for the Welsh people; the Celtic
peoples considered themselves to be individual nations, and not part of some greater "Celtic" nation. The Welsh thought of themselves as Cymry or
Britons, the Irish thought of themselves as Gael, etc. [[Hugh Gadarn|MORE...]]; ''See also'' [[H#hu|Hu Gadarn]]

===References===
<references/>

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'''Waddington, Robert'''<br />
74; a Lunarian Stalwart; 126

'''Wakefield'''<br />
594; Wakefield (England), city, administrative center of the
metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, northern England, on the Calder
River. Wakefield has been known as a textile-manufacturing center since the
late 16th century. The city has a museum and an art gallery and is the site
of a cathedral (mostly 14th century). Wakefield was the scene of a Yorkist defeat (1460) during the Wars of the Roses.

'''Wake of Jasmine Absolute'''<br />
456; ''See'' [[J#jasmine|Jasmine Absolute]]

'''Wales, Mountains of'''<br />
585

<div id="walpole"></div>'''Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745)'''<br />
74, 351;''Walpole-Gang'', 193; The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. This position had no official recognition in law, but Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the de facto office due to the extent of his influence in the Cabinet. However, the term "Prime Minister" was never used officially at this time. More from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole Wikipedia] A Whig, he is considered England's first Prime Minister.

'''Wapping High Street'''<br />
15; Wapping, in the 18th century, was a bawdy, impoverished district in the East End of London; [[Wapping|More about Wapping]]; 52; 77; 110; 674; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry]

'''War'''<br />
49; 386; 551

'''War of '39'''<br />
175; aka the "War of Jenkins' Ear" (1739) in which England went to war with
Spain based on Jenkins' story that his sloop had been boarded by Spanish ''guarda costa'' and his ear torn off. The war merged into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48).

'''Warford, Joseph'''<br />
575; Maryland governor Sharpe's "co-Adjutor"; 611; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="warford"></div>'''Warford, Mrs.'''<br />
580; wife of Joseph

'''Warp, Delver'''<br />
100; Company writer

'''Washington, Colonel George (1732-99)'''<br />
273; He was a rich & successful farmer who entertained liberally at his estate
at Mt. Vernon, before becoming the 1st president of the United States; 572; 592

'''Washington, Martha'''<br />
:"When Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow, married George Washington in 1759, she was no shrinking violet. In the collection is a small fragment of her yellow brocade dress, which was worn over a white-silver brocade petticoat, reflecting the bright colors then in fashion. On her feet, according to accounts of the time, she wore lilac slippers embroidered in gold and silver." <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/110297deit.html New York Times Books section</ref>

280; rich young widow George married in 1759; "Nosegay [a bouquet of flowers]
of Virtue" 281;

'''Wasp of Twickenham'''<br />
489; aka [[P#pope|Alexander Pope]]

'''Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684-1721)'''<br />
633; French painter who depicted the wide box pleats extending from shoulder to hem in an unbroken line in a woman's gown.

From Aldous Huxley's ''The Doors of Perception'':

:"Or consider Watteau; his men and women play lutes, get ready for balls and harlequinades, embark, on velvet lawns and under noble trees, for the Cythera of every lover's dream; their enormous melancholy and the flayed, excruciating sensibility of their creator find expression, not in the gestures and faces portrayed, but in the relief and texture of their taffeta skirts, their satin capes and doublets. Not an inch of smooth surface here, not a moment of peace or confidence, only a silken wilderness of countless tiny pleats and wrinkles, with an incessant modulation - inner uncertainty rendered with the perfect assurance of a master hand - of tone into tone, of one inderterminate colour into another." <ref>Huxley, Aldous, ''The Doors of Perception'', Harper & Brothers, 1954, p.32</ref>

'''weapons'''<br />
Oortman, 154; Brown Bess (rifle), 308; Hanger, 365; Musketoon, 382; Dutch
Rifle (w/Pentacle) 342, 427; Beaver, 494; Lancaster County Rifle ("deadly from
a mile off"), 278, 551, 613, 663; Highwayman Pistol, 638; Dirk (long knife),
400, 711

'''Wear'''<br />
Wearside, 239; Weardale, 239; The Wear, 242; Wear Valley, 273

'''Wetherburn, Mr.'''<br />
572; at whose house where stays in Williamsburg

'''Weavers, British'''<br />
406; 501; 503

'''Webs'''<br />
185; Durham Quaker, 237; Quaker, 239; "of Catholic houses of Asylum" 420; Web
of Communication, 644, 567

'''Wecquetank'''<br />
306

<div id="wedge"></div>'''Wedge, The'''<br />
A small area of land of disputed jurisdiction created by geographic and geometric inconsistencies of the definitions of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. The Wedge is south of the 39*43' parallel, west of the New Castle circle, and east of the North Line.
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_(border) Wikipedia entry]
View [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Delaware-wedge.svg image]

323; aka the "Delaware Triangle"; 469-70

:The "notorious Wedge" that the tangent line created did exist, and provided a kind of no man's land where criminals and other unsavory types hung out because they were...neither [in] Pennsylvania nor Maryland.

'''''Wehe'''''<br />
480; German: "Alas!"

'''Weishaupt, Adam'''<br />
358

'''Welsh Main'''<br />
24; (from "Rules relating to the Matching & Fighting of cocks in London" which appeared in Heber's Sporting Calendar for 1751, published by Reginald Heber of London and printed in 1752):

:The ''Welsh Main'', described by the Rev. Samuel Pegge in "A Memoir on Cockfighting," published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1786, as "a disgrace to us Englishment," is different again in that cocks are fought more than once. It is a knockout competition, between any number of birds from sixteen to thirty two. Battles are to the death in every case. The survivors of each round fight each other until only one remains alive. This means that the winner of a thirty two bird Welsh main has had to kill five opponents.

:There is an even worse contest called a ''Battle Royal''. In this contest any number of birds are placed in the pit simultaneously with no regard to weight or anything else. It is just a free-for-all with the winner being the bird left standing at the end. Historically Welsh Mains and Battles Royal were very popular, but I have no evidence of their continuance at present. Conventional Mains are the order of the day amongst steel matchers. <ref>[http://cockfighters.chat.ru/Chapter%203.htm Rules for Cock-fighting]</ref>

'''Were-wolves'''<br />
143; 236; 491; [http://ahww.lycanthrope.net FAQ]

'''Wesley, John (1703-91)'''<br />
9; Englishman John Wesley founded Methodism and had a "club" called the
"Oxford Methodists." In 1735 Wesley and his brother Charles went on a
missionary trip to Georgia where his evangelistic zealousness and
unfamiliarity with American ways caused him to incur the wrath of the
colonists;100; Wesley, 380

'''West, The'''<br />
427; 636; Eternal West, 671; 680; Westering, 707

<div id="catherine"></div>'''Wheat, Catherine'''<br />
575; girlfriend and then wife of Tom Hynes; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="conrad"></div>'''Wheat, Conrad'''<br />
575; father of Catherine; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Westward Escapes, Tales of the'''<br />
634; Refers to the Icelandic ventures into North America by Leif Ericsson c. 1000, as told in the Vinland Sagas (14th Century); See also: [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]

'''"Where the Bee Sucks"'''<br />
19; A tune sung by Ariel, in Shakespeare's ''The Tempest'', Act V, Scene I, lines
88-94: "Where the bee sucks, there suck I; In a cowslip's bell I lie; There I
couch when owls do cry."

<div id="whigs"></div>'''Whigs'''<br />
[short for "Whiggamore," a member of a Scottish group that marched to Edinburgh in 1648 to oppose the court party] In American, Whigs favored independence from Great Britain.
[[Whigs|A Primer]]

'''Whike, Mr.'''<br />
230; "Oafery's friend and occasional Translator"

'''Whimbrel, Mr.'''<br />
554; printed "Pennsylvania's Fair Copy of the Field-Journals of Mason and
Dixon"

'''White, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

'''Whitefield, George (1714-70)'''<br />
9; Englishman George Whitefield (1714-70) was an early member of John
Wesley's "club," called the "Oxford Methodists." Whitefield made numerous
evanglistic visits to America beginning in 1738; 260; 261; 405

'''Whitehall'''<br />
177; Britain's center for government in London. Eponymically named for
Whitehall Palace which was located there but burned down in the late 17th
century; 451

'''White Luminary'''<br />
129; on a sign at The Moon

'''Whitpot, Mr.'''<br />
365; "itinerant Stove-Salesman"

'''Whorekill Road'''<br />
258; Whorekill (now Lewes) was the first town in Delaware, settled by the Dutch in 1631.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ'''<br />
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

''See also'' [[V#viudas|Las Viudas de Cristo]]

Lepton's purchase of Austra, [[Chapter_41:_410-421#widows | 419 ]]; Austra's entry into [[Chapter_42:_422-435#427 | 427]]; 518; 525; "principal Duties [...] to charm the Chinese";

'''Wild, Mr.'''<br />
558; "Mr. Bodley's Librarian"

<div id="wilkes"></div>'''Wilkes, John (1727-97)'''<br />
367; Wilkes was an English politician who was a man of fashion as well as
profligate. He was a member of the Hell-fire Club which held orgies at
[[M#medmenham|Medmenham Abbey]]. He entered parliament in 1757, but was kicked out and imprisoned in 1768 for being involved in a duel resulting from readings of his supposedly obscene ''Essay on Women'' in the House of Lords; 489

'''William of Orange (1650-1702)'''<br />
84; William III was the Prince of Orange and king of Great Britain and Ireland
from 1689. In 1692 he was appointed commander of the Dutch army and proved
courageous in battling the French when they invaded the United Provinces; 226

<div id="woffington"></div>'''Woffington, Mrs. Margaret (1714-1760)'''<br />
184; actress; she was amorously linked with [g.html#garrick">Garrick</a> and they lived together from 1742-45. Apparently Woffington never married and the "Mrs." was more along the lines of an honorary title. Although Garrick married in 1749 and remained so until his death there seems some evidence that he retained an attachment to Woffington (e.g. he wore the shoe buckles she gave him until his death).

'''Wofte, Protasia'''<br />
347; character in ''The Ghastly Fop''

'''Wolf of Jesus'''<br />
522; aka Father Zarpazo, at the Jesuit College; 543

<div id="wolfe"></div>
'''Wolfe, James (1727-59)'''<br />
General James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for his victory over the French in Canada and establishing British rule there... In 1745, Wolfe's regiment was recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising. Wolfe served in Scotland in 1746 as aide-de-camp under General Henry Hawley in the campaign to defeat the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart. In this capacity, Wolfe participated in the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden. At Culloden, he famously refused to carry out an order of the Duke of Cumberland to shoot a wounded Highlander by stating that his honour was worth more than his commission. This act may have been a cause for his later popularity among the Royal Highland Fusiliers, whom he would later command. He was killed fighting the French in Quebec in which battle the French were routed and Canada became an English colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

Mason remembering, [[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312|312]]; 313; 407; 501
See also [[b#bagpipes|bagpipes]].

'''World's End, The'''<br />
148; Dixon's local at the Cape; 180

<div id="wrangler"></div>'''Wrangler'''<br />
437; "seventh Wrangler" - At Cambridge University, a student who
placed in the first class of the mathematical tripos (18th c.). So,
Maskelyne only obtained the 7th highest marks in his year. A senior
wrangler is one who attains the highest marks in his year.

'''Wyalusing'''<br />
306; Wyalusing, in the southeast corner of Bradford county, is situated on a low hill at the confluence of Wyalusing Creek and the Susquehanna River. Nearby, the Wyalusing rocks, once used by the Iroquois indians as a signaling point, rise five hundred feet above the Susquehanna river offering a splendid view of farms and forests. [http://bradford-pa.com/towns/wyalusing Official Wyalusing Website]

'''Wyvils'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Robert Wyvil was a 14C Bishop of Soilsbury

==References==
<references/>

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'''Eagres'''<br />
107; tideal bore in a river, now esp. that of the river Trent.
A tidal bore is a steep-fronted wave caused by the meeting of two tides
or by the constriction of a spring tide as it passes up an estuary.

'''Earth'''<br />
602

<div id="eic"></div>'''East India Company'''<br />
139; aka [[J#john|John Company]]; 252; 270; 479; 539; [[East India Company|MORE]]; [http://www.theeastindiacompany.com E.I.C. Website]

'''Ecole de Piraterie'''<br />
27; French: School of Piracy

'''[[Edges in Mason & Dixon|EDGES]]'''

<div id="Edgewise"></div>'''Edgewise, Mr. & Mrs.'''<br />
353

'''E-do'''<br />
432; what Tokyo was called in the 18th century

'''Eggslap, Mrs.'''<br />
455; extortionist cook on M-D Line and Stig's lover; 546; 614

'''Ehud'''<br />
454; on M-D Line crew

'''E.I.C.'''<br />
''See'' [[#eic|East India Company]]

'''''Elan'', or ''Esprit'''''<br />
27; these are the names of two cars manufactured by Lotus, in Great Britain

'''Eldritch Powers'''<br />
498; Weird, occult, or magical powers (derived from ''elfriche'': fairylande)

'''Elect Cohens'''<br /> 358; "Cohen" is the Hebrew word for priest. Much of the [[Book of Leviticus|book of Leviticus]] is devoted to spelling out their duties. As for the "Elect Cohens of Paris," they were an 18th century Masonic group. All of the Cohens are "elect" in the sense that God chose them for his priests; 485; 612

'''Electricity'''<br />
307

'''Electrophiles'''<br />
295

<div id="eleven"></div>'''Eleven Missing Days'''<br />
190; Reference to a the days skipped when the English finally adopted the Gregorian calendar.The Gregorian calendar, a modification of the Julian, introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII and at first adopted by only Catholic countries, was not adopted in England until 1752. It is the present calendar system which removed the leap year three times every four hundred years from the Julian calendar. It does a better job at keeping the summer solstice on June 21st. By 1752 England and the eastern part of America was finding that the summer solstice arrived on June 10th hence the need for an eleven day addition; Schizochronic year of '52, 192; Calendar Reform of '52, 554-55; 603; 629; ''See also'' [[N#newstyle|New Style]]. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar WIKI].

'''Elijah'''<br />
297; "the Swamper"

'''Eliza'''<br />
529; ''See'' [[F#eliza|Fields, Eliza]]

'''Elkton'''<br />
390; where Dimdown runs clandestine printing press

'''Ellicott Clock'''<br />
121

<div id="El Peligroso"></div>'''El Peligroso (El P)'''<br />
Alternate name for [[F#Felipe | Felipe]], the electric eel ([[T#Torpedo | Torpedo]]), [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Page_431| 431]]

'''Elsinore, Battlements of'''<br />
545; opening location of Hamlet, where the ghost of Hamlet's father appears

'''Elytra'''<br />
88

'''Emerson, William (1701-82)'''

:There was living at that time at the village of Hurworth, a few miles from Darlington, an eccentric character, William Emerson, whose unconventionality in dress and manners were rather at variance with the fact that he was a man of education with considerable knowledge of mathematics and physics. ... Jeremiah was brought to notice by someone named Emerson who was probably this man; that he was summoned to the Woolwich academy for examination and evidently satisfied his examiners, for they asked him, "Were you at Oxford or Cambridge?" "Neither," he said. "Well then, where did you get your knowledge of astronomy?" "In my pit-cabin at Cockfield Fell," he replied, meaning doubtless in the office at his father's colliery where he was then engaged in some capacity above ground. <ref>"Jeremiah Dixon and his Brother", by H.P. Hollis, ''Journal of the British Astronomy Association'', v44, n8, June 1934, pp 294-9</ref>

17; Dixon's "old teacher"; Mr. Emerson was a real person, a minor mathematician and scientist of his day who wrote about a dozen scientific books and texts and whom Jeremiah Dixon did in fact know personally. Emerson's mystickal nature may be a Pynchon invention; 73; 98; 215; 251; 268; 317; 318; 423; coat, 500; Dixon first hearing of (from Lady Barnard), 507; 556; of Hurworth, 568; 709; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_%28mathematician%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Encyclopédie'''<br />
389; 18th century French encyclopaedia that was the creation of the Philosophes, who were dedicated to the spirit of the Enlightenment, i.e., open-mindedness, secular thought and the advancement of science; Encyclopaedists, 359; ''Encyclopédistes'', 546

<div id="enochbrownschool"></div>'''Enoch Brown School Massacre'''<br />
An incident during Pontiac's Rebellion. On July 26, 1764 four Delaware (Lenape) American Indian warriors entered a log schoolhouse of white settlers in what is now Franklin County, Pennsylvania, near present Greencastle. Inside the schoolhouse were schoolmaster Enoch Brown and twelve students. Brown pleaded with the warriors to spare the children before being shot and later scalped. The warriors then began to tomahawk and scalp the children. Nine children were killed and two children who had been scalped survived. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_Brown_School_Massacre WIKI] See also [[b#blackboys|The Black Boys]]

[[Chapter_52:_499-510|499]];

'''Ensign Cheer'''<br />
477; a sarcastic reference to Mason's pessimism

<div id="wheel"></div>'''E-O Wheel'''<br />
421; E-O: "Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Ephemeris'''<br />
765; a table showing the assigned places of a celestial body for regular
intervals, used often in Astrology

'''Epictetus (c.55-c.135)'''<br />
30; a Roman slave later exiled to Nicopolis in Greece, was one of the leading Stoics. Stoicism is a moral doctrine which holds that human beings must conform themselves to the ways of the universe. The Stoics believed that human beings have no control over external events and that the only thing in a person's power is that person's response to events or outlook.

'''Epiphany'''<br />
760; January 6, in commemoration of the coming of the Magi as the first
manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles

'''Epsilonics'''<br />
138; Epsilons, 482 - the study of calculus

'''Eratosthenes (276-197 BC)'''<br />
574; Greek astronomer who measured how the Earth curved between two cities in Egypt, and used basic goemetry to calculate the distance around the Earth (its circumference).
He also kept a table of star locations and contributed to the field of mathematics. He found a method of finding all the prime numbers.

'''Erin, Daughter of'''<br />
571; Erin = Ireland; an Irish girl

'''Escombe'''<br />
634; town in South Africa, in Queensburg

'''Etesian'''<br />
77; occurring every summer, cf French l'été: summer

<div id="ethelmer"></div>'''Ethelmer'''<br />
30; son of Ives LeSpark and nephew of J. Wade LeSpark; the prefix "Ethel-" or "Aethel-" (early German: "noble") in names was fairly common in Britain in the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Middle Ages]], e.g. "Aethelmaer" (or "Ethelmer"), "Aethelmund," "Aethelred"; for example, the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicles'' (9-12th c.) includes an alderman named Ethelmer who died in AD 982, and a Wiccian alderman, Ethelmund, in AD 800; or [[Ethelmer|check this out!]]; "the University man" 260

'''Eucharist'''<br />
404; Holy communion which symbolizes Christ's body transsubstantiating into
bread, his blood into wine; Doctrine of Transsubstantiation, 404;

'''Euclid (c.330-c.275 BC)'''<br />
294; Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians; 337; 484; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid Wikipedia]

'''Euler, Leonhard (1707-83)'''<br />
220; Hugely influential Swiss mathematician (studied under [[B#bernoulli|Bernoulli]]) before mathematics was treated as a separate discipline; extended Newtonian mechanics to hydrodynamics; three-body problem; Euler-Langrange equations of mechanics and the calculus of variations; calculus, differential equations, complex analysis.

'''Euphrenia, Aunt'''<br />
103; Wicks Cherrycoke's sister

'''Euphroes'''<br />
25; Euphroe is a nautical term for block of wood with holes in it, part of a crowfoot; derived from German ''Jungfrau'' ("young woman" or "mistress") or, still more likely, Dutch ''juffrouw'' = miss; 54

<div id="eurydice"></div>'''Eurydice'''<br />
147; wife of Orpheus; 207; "like Eurydice, somehow to be redeem'd" 555; ''See'' [[O#orpheus|Orpheus]]

'''Everybeet, Joseph'''<br />
442; Quartz-scryer; 547

'''Ewing, Mr.'''<br />
773

'''Exodus 3:14'''<br />
486 (1st printing has Exodus 4:14, later ones correct this); ''See'' [[B#bible|Bible]]

<div id="extra"></div>'''extraterrestrials'''<br />
219; "distant Onlookers"; "Winters, long and Mortal and soon enough productive of Visitants from beneath the Ice" 531; "the transport of some unseen Influence" 547; Guardians, 662; "powerful Strangers" 649; "Others who are absent, pending their Return" 656; "Now and then, very much closer to the Earth, [Mason] begins to see Lights, moving, flickering, soon gone. [...] "They are going their Way, as we go ours." 724; "These Apparitions in the Sky, we never observe but in Motion, [...] Once safely part of the Night Sky, they may hang there at their Pleasure" 726

'''Ezekiel'''<br />
400

===References===
<references/>

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'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

<div id="braddock"></div>
'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755. He led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755 and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI] See also [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

309; [[Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330|330]]; analogy to [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]], [[Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_501|501]]; his Vistoe, 613; 697;

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

B

2012-12-05T18:03:56Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

<div id="braddock"></div>
'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755. He led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755 and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI] See also [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

309; [[Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330|330]]; analogy to [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]], [[Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_501|501]; his Vistoe, 613; 697;

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 52: 499-510

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__TOC__

==Page 499==
'''Conococheague'''<br>
Conococheague Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River, is a free-flowing stream that originates in Pennsylvania and empties into the Potomac River near Williamsport, Maryland. It is approximately 80 miles (130 km) in length, with 58 miles (93 km) in Pennsylvania and 22 miles (35 km) in Maryland. The watershed of Conococheague Creek has an area of approximately 566 square miles (1,470 km2), out of which only 65 square miles (170 km2) (12% of the area) are in Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conococheague_Creek WIKI]

'''that burn'd and bloodied little huddle of Cabins'''<br>
Fairly certain this section is referring to the [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]]

'''Lancaster as a scene of horror'''<br>
Lancaster was the scene of a [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]] massacre.
see [[l#lancaster|Lancaster Alphabetical Entry]]

'''Capt. Evan Shelby'''<br>
See [[s#shelby|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 500==
'''"Of course 'tis back-to front"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''Grub-Street'''<br>
Until the early 19th century, Grub Street was a street close to London's impoverished Moorfields district that ran from Fore Street east of St Giles-without-Cripplegate north to Chiswell Street. Famous for its concentration of impoverished 'hack writers', aspiring poets, and low-end publishers and booksellers, Grub Street existed on the margins of London's journalistic and literary scene. It was pierced along its length with narrow entrances to alleys and courts, many of which retained the names of early signboards. Its bohemian society was set amidst the impoverished neighbourhood's low-rent flophouses, brothels, and coffeehouses. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grub_street WIKI]

==Page 501==
'''Squall-clouds'''<br>
The term "squall" is universally used to refer to a sudden wind-speed increase, both historically and in the present day. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall WIKI]

'''"Then they began with the Bagpipes."... Wolfe'''<br>
Recalls Mason's remembrance on pages [[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312|312-313]]
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

'''Braddock'''<br>
See [[b#braddock|Edward Braddock]] alphabetical entry.

'''Bap'''<br>
Bap (often a larger soft roll, roughly 5-6 inches in diameter). Dough can contain fats such as lard or butter to provide tenderness to dough. Can come in multiple shapes dependent on region. Baps as traditionally made in Scotland are not sweet, unlike the Irish version which may contain currants. The 9th Edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) says that the word "bap" dates from the 16th century and that its origin is unknown. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bap_(bread) WIKI]

'''"when in 'fifty-six"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 502==
'''"Been out upon the Pavement m'self... Tyne Keelmen, back in 'fifty."'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_244 244].

'''Slad Brook'''<br>
Slad is a village in Gloucestershire, England, located in the Slad Valley, about 2 miles from the town of Stroud. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slad WIKI]

==Page 503==
'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br>
All other things being equal

'''"back in 'fifty-six... Clothiers leaping from the Upstairs windows"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 504==
'''Rum affliction'''<br>
Rum: (British, colloquial) Strange, peculiar. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rum#Adjective WIKI]

'''Bisley Parish'''<br>
Bisley-with-Lypiatt is a civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley-with-Lypiatt WIKI]

'''Sapperton Church'''<br>
Where Rebekah Mason was buried.

Sapperton is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, located 4.7 miles west of Cirencester. It is most famous for Sapperton canal tunnel and its connection with the Cotswold Arts and Crafts Movement in the early 20th century. The parish includes the villages of Sapperton and Frampton Mansell. The outlying hamlet of Daneway lies in the parish of Bisley, but is nearer to the village of Sapperton and often considered a part of it. Sapperton is listed in the Domesday Book as 'Sapleton'. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapperton,_Gloucestershire WIKI]

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br>
Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, the majority being transported from the Port of Sunderland complex which was constructed in the 1850s. The port was the largest in Durham and the fourth biggest in Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Durham WIKI]

'''"''You can get above it''... above Distance, above Time itself"'''<br>
A foreshadowing of an overarching thematic plotline of ATD, the Chums of Chance throughline? Notice the line about apprehending "all at once the plexity of possible journeys", which seems to be a clue to some meanings of ATD thru the Chums.

'''''Aides-memoires'''''<br>
Memory aids

==Page 505==
'''Relievo'''<br>
A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modelled form is raised, or, in a sunken-relief, lowered, from a plane from which the main elements of the composition project (or sink). Reliefs are common throughout the world, for example on the walls of monumental buildings. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief WIKI]

'''book upon Navigation'''<br>
Reference to Emerson's book, ''A Treatise of Navigation'' (1755).

'''Hob Headless'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215].

'''Old Hell-Cat of Raby... Elizabeth, Lady Barnard'''<br>
Elizabeth, Lady Barnard (formerly Elizabeth Nash, née Elizabeth Hall) (baptised 21 February 1608 - 17 February 1670) was the granddaughter of the famous English poet and playwright William Shakespeare, and was also his last descendant. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard WIKI]

'''Lamentations of Jeremiah'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_240 240].

==Page 506==
'''Counter-scarps'''<br>
A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides of a ditch used in fortifications. In permanent fortifications the scarp and counterscarp may be encased in stone. In less permanent fortifications, the counterscarp may be lined with paling fence set at an angle so as to give no cover to the attackers but to make advancing and retreating more difficult. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterscarp WIKI]

'''Machicolations'''<br>
A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. The design was developed in the Middle Ages when the Norman crusaders returned. A machicolated battlement projects outwards from the supporting wall in order to facilitate this. A hoarding is a similar structure made of wood, usually temporarily constructed in the event of a siege. Advantages of machicolations over wooden hoardings include the greater strength of stone battlements, as well as the fireproof properties. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machicolations WIKI]

'''Arabs'''<br>
The Arabian or Arab horse (arabic: فرس ) is a breed of horse that originated in the Middle East. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is one of the oldest horse breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years. Throughout history, Arabian horses from the Middle East spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_horse WIKI]

==Page 507==
'''Hurworth'''<br>
Hurworth-on-Tees is a village in the borough of Darlington, within the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated to the south of Darlington, next to the meeting point of the River Skerne and River Tees. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurworth WIKI]

'''''pari passu'''''<br>
Part and parcel

'''Castle Lepton'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_410 410].

==Page 509==
'''rustick Monteith'''<br>
Monteith: A bowl used for the cooling of wine glasses. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monteith WIKI]

'''Osnabrigs'''<br>
Osnaburg was a coarse type of plain textile fabric, named for the city of Osnabrück (from which it may have been first imported into English-speaking countries). Originally made from flax yarns, it has been made from either flax, tow or jute yarns, sometimes flax or tow warp with mixed or jute weft, and often entirely of jute. The finer and better qualities form a kind of common sheeting, and the various kinds may contain from 20 to 36 threads per inch and 10 to 15 picks per inch. It began to be woven in Scotland as an imitation from a German import of a coarse lint or tow-based linen cloth in the later 1730s. It quickly became the most important variety in East-Central Scotland. Sales quadrupled, from 0.5 million yards in 1747 to 2.2 million yards in 1758. It was exported mainly to England, the Netherlands and Britain's colonies in America, and some rough fabrics were called "osnaburg" as late as the mid-twentieth century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnaburg WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

B

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Rgiaquinta1:

'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

<div id="braddock"></div>
'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755. He led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755 and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI] See also [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

309; 330; analogy to [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]], 501; his Vistoe, 613; 697;

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 31: 302-314

2012-12-05T17:56:31Z

Rgiaquinta1: /* Page 309 */

==Page 302==
''''One morning in late December...' [[1763#December|December]] 28? or 29?, 1763 [see note for page 304]'''<br>

==Page 303==
'''the Adonis'''<br>
The allusion to extreme physical attractiveness is apparent in the psychoanalytical Adonis Complex which refers to a body image obsession with improving one's physique and youthful appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis WIKI]

'''Market-place Drolls'''<br>
Drolls are short comical sketches that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drolls WIKI]

==Page 304==
'''The Restless Bee'''<br>
a block and a half from where they are staying...must been near New Market...

'''Susurrus'''<br>
A whispering, rustling, murmuring sound

''''At Lancaster,-day before yesterday...'''<br>
this puts the date of this section in question. The Massacre occured on Tuesday [[1763#December|December]] 27, 1763, which would make the date of the page December 29th. However, Dixon says its "odd for Wednesday market" that it would be so quiet. This suggests Wednesday, December 28th as the correct day for this passage.

Lancaster County, known as the Garden Spot of America, is a county located in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States... The fourteen survivors of the tribe were placed in protective custody in the county workhouse, but the Paxton Boys returned on December 27, broke into the workhouse, and butchered the remaining Susquehannocks. The widespread sympathy in the frontier counties for the perpetrators of these acts made their discovery and arrest futile. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Conestoga'''<br>
Conestoga Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Colonel Robertson'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

'''Paxton Vermin'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_305 305].

==Page 305==
'''Matt Smith'''<br>
Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith)—the dates of his birth and death apparently unknown—was a Pennsylvania politician. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Smith_(Pennsylvania_statesman) WIKI]

'''Revd. Stewart'''<br>
John Stewart (1786-1823) was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians of Ohio and founder of what is often considered the first Methodist mission in America. Stewart was born in Powhatan County, Virginia to free Negro parents who were of mixed ancestry; a mix of white, black, and Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary) WIKI]

'''fuliginous'''<br>
Fuliginous refers to a sooty, obscure or murky color (Merriam-Webster). As used by the author Gene Wolf in his books involving Severian the torturer, who wears a fuligin cape, the word refers to a color darker than black.

'''Paxton Boys'''<br>[[Image:PaxtonMassacre.jpg|thumb|Paxton Massacre|right]]
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 306==
'''Moravian Brethren'''<br>
The Moravian Church is a mainline Protestant denomination. Its religious heritage began in Kunvald late 14th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Its official name is Unitas Fratrum meaning Unity of the Brethren (not to be confused with the small Unity of the Brethren church based in Texas). It is also occasionally referred to as the Bohemian Brethren. It places a high premium on Christian unity, personal piety, missions and music. The church's emblem is the Lamb of God with the flag of victory, surrounded by the Latin inscription: Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur; or in English: "Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church WIKI]

'''In fact, when word arriv'd...'''<br>
this paragraph is a flashback to [[1763#December|December]] 16, 1763.<br>

==Page 307==
'''Time of Bushy Run'''<br>
The Battle of Bushy Run occurred on August 5-6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763-65. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run WIKI]

'''General Bouquet'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

'''General Gage'''<br>
Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American Revolution... From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander in chief of the North American forces, including the direction of the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions played a role in sparking of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775. After his failure to resolve the Siege of Boston he was replaced by General Howe in October 1775, and returned to England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage WIKI]

'''Hospital Blankets us'd 'to convey the Small-pox to the Indians'...'''<br>
As it turned out, officers at the besieged Fort Pitt had already attempted to do what Amherst and Bouquet were still discussing, apparently without having been ordered to do so by Amherst or Bouquet. During a parley at Fort Pitt on June 24, 1763, Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, hoping to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. William Trent, the militia commander, left records that clearly indicated that the purpose of giving the blankets was "to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion WIKI]

==Page 308==
'''Brown Besses'''<br>
Brown Bess is a nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess WIKI]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br>
A Mantua (from the French Manteuil ) is an article of women's clothing worn in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century. Originally a loose gown, the later mantua was an overgown or robe typically worn over stays, stomacher and a co-ordinating petticoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Peggy Shippen'''<br>
Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804 or February 14, 1836), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775)... When she was very young, she learned that she could get anything she wanted from her sister, Elizabeth, by throwing a tantrum. Either her mother or father would give in and allow her to have what she wanted. She used this to her advantage throughout her life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Shippen WIKI]

'''poor young Andre'''<br>
John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British Army... During Peggy Shippen's visits to her home, she met British Major John Andre, after the British took control of Philadelphia. They became good friends, some even say there were mild flirtations. When he left, he gave her a lock of his hair in a golden locket. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Andre WIKI]

'''Veins and Reins'''<br>
"reins" is the French word for "kidneys," carried over into early modern
English.
"Reins (rànz) pl.n.: 1. The kidneys, loins, or lower back."
http://www.answers.com/topic/reins

==Page 309==
'''Braddock'''<br>
See [[b#braddock|Braddock, Edward]] alphabetical entry.

'''Hibernia'''<br>
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The name Hibernia was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία). It is likely that the Romans saw a connection between these historical names and the Latin word hibernus meaning wintry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia WIKI]

==Page 310==
''''Tis too cloudy for Obs tonight...'''<br>
this happened the night of [[1763#December|December]] 29, 1763, supporting the 29th as the date for page 302. "Wednesday Market" is a mistake on Dixon's part.

'''Forks of Brandywine'''<br>
The tributaries (themselves, colloquially, forks) of Brandywine Creek
drain the whole area, so it's a district.

Brandywine Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies north of the Christina River and east of Brandywine Creek, excepting that portion in the south included in Wilmington Hundred. Its northern boundary follows a portion of the 12 mile arc drawn around the town of New Castle. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for Brandywine Creek that flows along its western boundary. When created it included some of the area now in the Wilmington Hundred, which was split off 1833. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Hundred WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry'''<br>
John Harris, Sr., (1673 - December 1748) emigrated from Britain to America late in the 17th century... In 1733 he was granted the right to operate a ferry across the Susquehanna and for more than half a century "Harris's Ferry" was the funnel through which much of the Scottish, Irish and German migration trickled west. In the same year Harris acquired, through grants, two tracts of land adjacent to his ferry, totaling 800 acres. Today, the area has been developed into downtown Harrisburg. John Harris Sr. Had 7 sons and 2 daughters who spread out and whose descendants are spread through the US. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris,_Sr. WIKI]

==Page 311==
'''Perfumes of Celebes'''<br>
Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi (coffee) — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_varieties WIKI]

'''Delphic Vapors'''<br>
The priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia. Apollo spoke through his oracle, who had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. The sibyl or prophetess took the name Pythia and sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene came out of this opening that is known to produce violent trances, though this theory remains debatable. While in a trance the Pythia "raved" - probably a form of ecstatic speech - and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi WIKI]

==Page 312==
'''Wolfe's Men'''<br>
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Page 313==
'''the White People... Eden'''<br>
Cf. the White City in Against the Day and especially the 'reality' revealed around the White City with the 'reality' adumbrated in this whole paragraph as well.

'''front of the Arras'''<br>
Arras (Dutch: Atrecht) is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France... The ownership of the town was, however, repeatedly disputed along with the rest of Artois. During the Middle Ages, possession of Arras passed to a variety of feudal rulers and fiefs, including the County of Flanders, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and the French crown. The town was the site of the Congress of Arras in 1435, an unsuccessful attempt to end the Hundred Years' War that resulted in the Burgundians breaking their alliance with the English. After the death of Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1477, King Louis XI of France took control of Arras but the town's inhabitants, still loyal to the Burgundians, expelled the French. This prompted Louis XI to besiege Arras in person and, after taking it by assault, he had the town's walls razed and its inhabitants expelled, to be replaced by more loyal subjects from other parts of France. In a bid to erase the town's identity completely, Louis renamed it temporarily to Franchise. In 1482, the Peace of Arras was signed in the town to end a war between Louis XI and Maximilian I of Austria; ten years later, the town was ceded to Maximilian and was bequeathed to the Spanish Habsburgs as part of the Spanish Netherlands. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras WIKI]<br>
More to the point, though, is probably the Arras behind which Polonius hides in Act III, Scene IV of Shakespeare's play. Saying, "How now? a rat?", Hamlet stabs him through the arras.

'''hydraulick Looms'''<br>
See Pynchon's essay [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite''] for more on this topic.

'''expell'd from Paradise by Wolfe and his Regiment'''<br>
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

B

2012-12-05T17:55:01Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

<div id="braddock"></div>
'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
A Scottish soldier who came to America; he was Commander-in-Chief of the British-American forces when he led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755, where he was ambushed and slain; George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat.
[[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

309; 330; analogy to [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]], 501; his Vistoe, 613; 697;

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

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'''Waddington, Robert'''<br />
74; a Lunarian Stalwart; 126

'''Wakefield'''<br />
594; Wakefield (England), city, administrative center of the
metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, northern England, on the Calder
River. Wakefield has been known as a textile-manufacturing center since the
late 16th century. The city has a museum and an art gallery and is the site
of a cathedral (mostly 14th century). Wakefield was the scene of a Yorkist defeat (1460) during the Wars of the Roses.

'''Wake of Jasmine Absolute'''<br />
456; ''See'' [[J#jasmine|Jasmine Absolute]]

'''Wales, Mountains of'''<br />
585

<div id="walpole"></div>'''Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745)'''<br />
74, 351;''Walpole-Gang'', 193; The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. This position had no official recognition in law, but Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the de facto office due to the extent of his influence in the Cabinet. However, the term "Prime Minister" was never used officially at this time. More from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole Wikipedia] A Whig, he is considered England's first Prime Minister.

'''Wapping High Street'''<br />
15; Wapping, in the 18th century, was a bawdy, impoverished district in the East End of London; [[Wapping|More about Wapping]]; 52; 77; 110; 674; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry]

'''War'''<br />
49; 386; 551

'''War of '39'''<br />
175; aka the "War of Jenkins' Ear" (1739) in which England went to war with
Spain based on Jenkins' story that his sloop had been boarded by Spanish ''guarda costa'' and his ear torn off. The war merged into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48).

'''Warford, Joseph'''<br />
575; Maryland governor Sharpe's "co-Adjutor"; 611; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="warford"></div>'''Warford, Mrs.'''<br />
580; wife of Joseph

'''Warp, Delver'''<br />
100; Company writer

'''Washington, Colonel George (1732-99)'''<br />
273; He was a rich & successful farmer who entertained liberally at his estate
at Mt. Vernon, before becoming the 1st president of the United States; 572; 592

'''Washington, Martha'''<br />
:"When Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow, married George Washington in 1759, she was no shrinking violet. In the collection is a small fragment of her yellow brocade dress, which was worn over a white-silver brocade petticoat, reflecting the bright colors then in fashion. On her feet, according to accounts of the time, she wore lilac slippers embroidered in gold and silver." <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/110297deit.html New York Times Books section</ref>

280; rich young widow George married in 1759; "Nosegay [a bouquet of flowers]
of Virtue" 281;

'''Wasp of Twickenham'''<br />
489; aka [[P#pope|Alexander Pope]]

'''Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684-1721)'''<br />
633; French painter who depicted the wide box pleats extending from shoulder to hem in an unbroken line in a woman's gown.

From Aldous Huxley's ''The Doors of Perception'':

:"Or consider Watteau; his men and women play lutes, get ready for balls and harlequinades, embark, on velvet lawns and under noble trees, for the Cythera of every lover's dream; their enormous melancholy and the flayed, excruciating sensibility of their creator find expression, not in the gestures and faces portrayed, but in the relief and texture of their taffeta skirts, their satin capes and doublets. Not an inch of smooth surface here, not a moment of peace or confidence, only a silken wilderness of countless tiny pleats and wrinkles, with an incessant modulation - inner uncertainty rendered with the perfect assurance of a master hand - of tone into tone, of one inderterminate colour into another." <ref>Huxley, Aldous, ''The Doors of Perception'', Harper & Brothers, 1954, p.32</ref>

'''weapons'''<br />
Oortman, 154; Brown Bess (rifle), 308; Hanger, 365; Musketoon, 382; Dutch
Rifle (w/Pentacle) 342, 427; Beaver, 494; Lancaster County Rifle ("deadly from
a mile off"), 278, 551, 613, 663; Highwayman Pistol, 638; Dirk (long knife),
400, 711

'''Wear'''<br />
Wearside, 239; Weardale, 239; The Wear, 242; Wear Valley, 273

'''Wetherburn, Mr.'''<br />
572; at whose house where stays in Williamsburg

'''Weavers, British'''<br />
406; 501; 503

'''Webs'''<br />
185; Durham Quaker, 237; Quaker, 239; "of Catholic houses of Asylum" 420; Web
of Communication, 644, 567

'''Wecquetank'''<br />
306

<div id="wedge"></div>'''Wedge, The'''<br />
A small area of land of disputed jurisdiction created by geographic and geometric inconsistencies of the definitions of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. The Wedge is south of the 39*43' parallel, west of the New Castle circle, and east of the North Line.
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_(border) Wikipedia entry]
View [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Delaware-wedge.svg image]

323; aka the "Delaware Triangle"; 469-70

:The "notorious Wedge" that the tangent line created did exist, and provided a kind of no man's land where criminals and other unsavory types hung out because they were...neither [in] Pennsylvania nor Maryland.

'''''Wehe'''''<br />
480; German: "Alas!"

'''Weishaupt, Adam'''<br />
358

'''Welsh Main'''<br />
24; (from "Rules relating to the Matching & Fighting of cocks in London" which appeared in Heber's Sporting Calendar for 1751, published by Reginald Heber of London and printed in 1752):

:The ''Welsh Main'', described by the Rev. Samuel Pegge in "A Memoir on Cockfighting," published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1786, as "a disgrace to us Englishment," is different again in that cocks are fought more than once. It is a knockout competition, between any number of birds from sixteen to thirty two. Battles are to the death in every case. The survivors of each round fight each other until only one remains alive. This means that the winner of a thirty two bird Welsh main has had to kill five opponents.

:There is an even worse contest called a ''Battle Royal''. In this contest any number of birds are placed in the pit simultaneously with no regard to weight or anything else. It is just a free-for-all with the winner being the bird left standing at the end. Historically Welsh Mains and Battles Royal were very popular, but I have no evidence of their continuance at present. Conventional Mains are the order of the day amongst steel matchers. <ref>[http://cockfighters.chat.ru/Chapter%203.htm Rules for Cock-fighting]</ref>

'''Were-wolves'''<br />
143; 236; 491; [http://ahww.lycanthrope.net FAQ]

'''Wesley, John (1703-91)'''<br />
9; Englishman John Wesley founded Methodism and had a "club" called the
"Oxford Methodists." In 1735 Wesley and his brother Charles went on a
missionary trip to Georgia where his evangelistic zealousness and
unfamiliarity with American ways caused him to incur the wrath of the
colonists;100; Wesley, 380

'''West, The'''<br />
427; 636; Eternal West, 671; 680; Westering, 707

<div id="catherine"></div>'''Wheat, Catherine'''<br />
575; girlfriend and then wife of Tom Hynes; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="conrad"></div>'''Wheat, Conrad'''<br />
575; father of Catherine; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Westward Escapes, Tales of the'''<br />
634; Refers to the Icelandic ventures into North America by Leif Ericsson c. 1000, as told in the Vinland Sagas (14th Century); See also: [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]

'''"Where the Bee Sucks"'''<br />
19; A tune sung by Ariel, in Shakespeare's ''The Tempest'', Act V, Scene I, lines
88-94: "Where the bee sucks, there suck I; In a cowslip's bell I lie; There I
couch when owls do cry."

<div id="whigs"></div>'''Whigs'''<br />
[short for "Whiggamore," a member of a Scottish group that marched to Edinburgh in 1648 to oppose the court party] In American, Whigs favored independence from Great Britain.
[[Whigs|A Primer]]

'''Whike, Mr.'''<br />
230; "Oafery's friend and occasional Translator"

'''Whimbrel, Mr.'''<br />
554; printed "Pennsylvania's Fair Copy of the Field-Journals of Mason and
Dixon"

'''White, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

'''Whitefield, George (1714-70)'''<br />
9; Englishman George Whitefield (1714-70) was an early member of John
Wesley's "club," called the "Oxford Methodists." Whitefield made numerous
evanglistic visits to America beginning in 1738; 260; 261; 405

'''Whitehall'''<br />
177; Britain's center for government in London. Eponymically named for
Whitehall Palace which was located there but burned down in the late 17th
century; 451

'''White Luminary'''<br />
129; on a sign at The Moon

'''Whitpot, Mr.'''<br />
365; "itinerant Stove-Salesman"

'''Whorekill Road'''<br />
258; Whorekill (now Lewes) was the first town in Delaware, settled by the Dutch in 1631.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ'''<br />
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

Lepton's purchase of Austra, [[Chapter_41:_410-421#widows | 419 ]]; Austra's entry into [[Chapter_42:_422-435#427 | 427]]; 525; "principal Duties [...] to charm the Chinese"; ''See also'' [[V#viudas|Las Viudas de Cristo]]

'''Wild, Mr.'''<br />
558; "Mr. Bodley's Librarian"

<div id="wilkes"></div>'''Wilkes, John (1727-97)'''<br />
367; Wilkes was an English politician who was a man of fashion as well as
profligate. He was a member of the Hell-fire Club which held orgies at
[[M#medmenham|Medmenham Abbey]]. He entered parliament in 1757, but was kicked out and imprisoned in 1768 for being involved in a duel resulting from readings of his supposedly obscene ''Essay on Women'' in the House of Lords; 489

'''William of Orange (1650-1702)'''<br />
84; William III was the Prince of Orange and king of Great Britain and Ireland
from 1689. In 1692 he was appointed commander of the Dutch army and proved
courageous in battling the French when they invaded the United Provinces; 226

<div id="woffington"></div>'''Woffington, Mrs. Margaret (1714-1760)'''<br />
184; actress; she was amorously linked with [g.html#garrick">Garrick</a> and they lived together from 1742-45. Apparently Woffington never married and the "Mrs." was more along the lines of an honorary title. Although Garrick married in 1749 and remained so until his death there seems some evidence that he retained an attachment to Woffington (e.g. he wore the shoe buckles she gave him until his death).

'''Wofte, Protasia'''<br />
347; character in ''The Ghastly Fop''

'''Wolf of Jesus'''<br />
522; aka Father Zarpazo, at the Jesuit College; 543

<div id="wolfe"></div>
'''Wolfe, James (1727-59)'''<br />
General James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for his victory over the French in Canada and establishing British rule there... In 1745, Wolfe's regiment was recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising. Wolfe served in Scotland in 1746 as aide-de-camp under General Henry Hawley in the campaign to defeat the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart. In this capacity, Wolfe participated in the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden. At Culloden, he famously refused to carry out an order of the Duke of Cumberland to shoot a wounded Highlander by stating that his honour was worth more than his commission. This act may have been a cause for his later popularity among the Royal Highland Fusiliers, whom he would later command. He was killed fighting the French in Quebec in which battle the French were routed and Canada became an English colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

Mason remembering, [[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312|312]]; 313; 407; 501
See also [[b#bagpipes|bagpipes]].

'''World's End, The'''<br />
148; Dixon's local at the Cape; 180

<div id="wrangler"></div>'''Wrangler'''<br />
437; "seventh Wrangler" - At Cambridge University, a student who
placed in the first class of the mathematical tripos (18th c.). So,
Maskelyne only obtained the 7th highest marks in his year. A senior
wrangler is one who attains the highest marks in his year.

'''Wyalusing'''<br />
306; Wyalusing, in the southeast corner of Bradford county, is situated on a low hill at the confluence of Wyalusing Creek and the Susquehanna River. Nearby, the Wyalusing rocks, once used by the Iroquois indians as a signaling point, rise five hundred feet above the Susquehanna river offering a splendid view of farms and forests. [http://bradford-pa.com/towns/wyalusing Official Wyalusing Website]

'''Wyvils'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Robert Wyvil was a 14C Bishop of Soilsbury

==References==
<references/>

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'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
309; a Scottish soldier who came to America; he was Commander-in-Chief of the British-American forces when he led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755, where he was ambushed and slain; George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat; 330; 501; his Vistoe, 613; 697; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

B

2012-12-05T17:41:45Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes'''<br />
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
309; a Scottish soldier who came to America; he was Commander-in-Chief of the British-American forces when he led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755, where he was ambushed and slain; George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat; 330; 501; his Vistoe, 613; 697; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 52: 499-510

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__TOC__

==Page 499==
'''Conococheague'''<br>
Conococheague Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River, is a free-flowing stream that originates in Pennsylvania and empties into the Potomac River near Williamsport, Maryland. It is approximately 80 miles (130 km) in length, with 58 miles (93 km) in Pennsylvania and 22 miles (35 km) in Maryland. The watershed of Conococheague Creek has an area of approximately 566 square miles (1,470 km2), out of which only 65 square miles (170 km2) (12% of the area) are in Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conococheague_Creek WIKI]

'''that burn'd and bloodied little huddle of Cabins'''<br>
Fairly certain this section is referring to the [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]]

'''Lancaster as a scene of horror'''<br>
Lancaster was the scene of a [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]] massacre.
see [[l#lancaster|Lancaster Alphabetical Entry]]

'''Capt. Evan Shelby'''<br>
See [[s#shelby|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 500==
'''"Of course 'tis back-to front"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''Grub-Street'''<br>
Until the early 19th century, Grub Street was a street close to London's impoverished Moorfields district that ran from Fore Street east of St Giles-without-Cripplegate north to Chiswell Street. Famous for its concentration of impoverished 'hack writers', aspiring poets, and low-end publishers and booksellers, Grub Street existed on the margins of London's journalistic and literary scene. It was pierced along its length with narrow entrances to alleys and courts, many of which retained the names of early signboards. Its bohemian society was set amidst the impoverished neighbourhood's low-rent flophouses, brothels, and coffeehouses. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grub_street WIKI]

==Page 501==
'''Squall-clouds'''<br>
The term "squall" is universally used to refer to a sudden wind-speed increase, both historically and in the present day. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall WIKI]

'''"Then they began with the Bagpipes."... Wolfe'''<br>
Recalls Mason's remembrance on pages [[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312|312-313]]
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

'''Braddock'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

'''Bap'''<br>
Bap (often a larger soft roll, roughly 5-6 inches in diameter). Dough can contain fats such as lard or butter to provide tenderness to dough. Can come in multiple shapes dependent on region. Baps as traditionally made in Scotland are not sweet, unlike the Irish version which may contain currants. The 9th Edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) says that the word "bap" dates from the 16th century and that its origin is unknown. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bap_(bread) WIKI]

'''"when in 'fifty-six"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 502==
'''"Been out upon the Pavement m'self... Tyne Keelmen, back in 'fifty."'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_244 244].

'''Slad Brook'''<br>
Slad is a village in Gloucestershire, England, located in the Slad Valley, about 2 miles from the town of Stroud. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slad WIKI]

==Page 503==
'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br>
All other things being equal

'''"back in 'fifty-six... Clothiers leaping from the Upstairs windows"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 504==
'''Rum affliction'''<br>
Rum: (British, colloquial) Strange, peculiar. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rum#Adjective WIKI]

'''Bisley Parish'''<br>
Bisley-with-Lypiatt is a civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley-with-Lypiatt WIKI]

'''Sapperton Church'''<br>
Where Rebekah Mason was buried.

Sapperton is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, located 4.7 miles west of Cirencester. It is most famous for Sapperton canal tunnel and its connection with the Cotswold Arts and Crafts Movement in the early 20th century. The parish includes the villages of Sapperton and Frampton Mansell. The outlying hamlet of Daneway lies in the parish of Bisley, but is nearer to the village of Sapperton and often considered a part of it. Sapperton is listed in the Domesday Book as 'Sapleton'. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapperton,_Gloucestershire WIKI]

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br>
Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, the majority being transported from the Port of Sunderland complex which was constructed in the 1850s. The port was the largest in Durham and the fourth biggest in Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Durham WIKI]

'''"''You can get above it''... above Distance, above Time itself"'''<br>
A foreshadowing of an overarching thematic plotline of ATD, the Chums of Chance throughline? Notice the line about apprehending "all at once the plexity of possible journeys", which seems to be a clue to some meanings of ATD thru the Chums.

'''''Aides-memoires'''''<br>
Memory aids

==Page 505==
'''Relievo'''<br>
A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modelled form is raised, or, in a sunken-relief, lowered, from a plane from which the main elements of the composition project (or sink). Reliefs are common throughout the world, for example on the walls of monumental buildings. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief WIKI]

'''book upon Navigation'''<br>
Reference to Emerson's book, ''A Treatise of Navigation'' (1755).

'''Hob Headless'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215].

'''Old Hell-Cat of Raby... Elizabeth, Lady Barnard'''<br>
Elizabeth, Lady Barnard (formerly Elizabeth Nash, née Elizabeth Hall) (baptised 21 February 1608 - 17 February 1670) was the granddaughter of the famous English poet and playwright William Shakespeare, and was also his last descendant. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard WIKI]

'''Lamentations of Jeremiah'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_240 240].

==Page 506==
'''Counter-scarps'''<br>
A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides of a ditch used in fortifications. In permanent fortifications the scarp and counterscarp may be encased in stone. In less permanent fortifications, the counterscarp may be lined with paling fence set at an angle so as to give no cover to the attackers but to make advancing and retreating more difficult. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterscarp WIKI]

'''Machicolations'''<br>
A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. The design was developed in the Middle Ages when the Norman crusaders returned. A machicolated battlement projects outwards from the supporting wall in order to facilitate this. A hoarding is a similar structure made of wood, usually temporarily constructed in the event of a siege. Advantages of machicolations over wooden hoardings include the greater strength of stone battlements, as well as the fireproof properties. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machicolations WIKI]

'''Arabs'''<br>
The Arabian or Arab horse (arabic: فرس ) is a breed of horse that originated in the Middle East. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is one of the oldest horse breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years. Throughout history, Arabian horses from the Middle East spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_horse WIKI]

==Page 507==
'''Hurworth'''<br>
Hurworth-on-Tees is a village in the borough of Darlington, within the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated to the south of Darlington, next to the meeting point of the River Skerne and River Tees. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurworth WIKI]

'''''pari passu'''''<br>
Part and parcel

'''Castle Lepton'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_410 410].

==Page 509==
'''rustick Monteith'''<br>
Monteith: A bowl used for the cooling of wine glasses. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monteith WIKI]

'''Osnabrigs'''<br>
Osnaburg was a coarse type of plain textile fabric, named for the city of Osnabrück (from which it may have been first imported into English-speaking countries). Originally made from flax yarns, it has been made from either flax, tow or jute yarns, sometimes flax or tow warp with mixed or jute weft, and often entirely of jute. The finer and better qualities form a kind of common sheeting, and the various kinds may contain from 20 to 36 threads per inch and 10 to 15 picks per inch. It began to be woven in Scotland as an imitation from a German import of a coarse lint or tow-based linen cloth in the later 1730s. It quickly became the most important variety in East-Central Scotland. Sales quadrupled, from 0.5 million yards in 1747 to 2.2 million yards in 1758. It was exported mainly to England, the Netherlands and Britain's colonies in America, and some rough fabrics were called "osnaburg" as late as the mid-twentieth century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnaburg WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 31: 302-314

2012-12-05T17:36:40Z

Rgiaquinta1:

==Page 302==
''''One morning in late December...' [[1763#December|December]] 28? or 29?, 1763 [see note for page 304]'''<br>

==Page 303==
'''the Adonis'''<br>
The allusion to extreme physical attractiveness is apparent in the psychoanalytical Adonis Complex which refers to a body image obsession with improving one's physique and youthful appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis WIKI]

'''Market-place Drolls'''<br>
Drolls are short comical sketches that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drolls WIKI]

==Page 304==
'''The Restless Bee'''<br>
a block and a half from where they are staying...must been near New Market...

'''Susurrus'''<br>
A whispering, rustling, murmuring sound

''''At Lancaster,-day before yesterday...'''<br>
this puts the date of this section in question. The Massacre occured on Tuesday [[1763#December|December]] 27, 1763, which would make the date of the page December 29th. However, Dixon says its "odd for Wednesday market" that it would be so quiet. This suggests Wednesday, December 28th as the correct day for this passage.

Lancaster County, known as the Garden Spot of America, is a county located in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States... The fourteen survivors of the tribe were placed in protective custody in the county workhouse, but the Paxton Boys returned on December 27, broke into the workhouse, and butchered the remaining Susquehannocks. The widespread sympathy in the frontier counties for the perpetrators of these acts made their discovery and arrest futile. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Conestoga'''<br>
Conestoga Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Colonel Robertson'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

'''Paxton Vermin'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_305 305].

==Page 305==
'''Matt Smith'''<br>
Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith)—the dates of his birth and death apparently unknown—was a Pennsylvania politician. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Smith_(Pennsylvania_statesman) WIKI]

'''Revd. Stewart'''<br>
John Stewart (1786-1823) was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians of Ohio and founder of what is often considered the first Methodist mission in America. Stewart was born in Powhatan County, Virginia to free Negro parents who were of mixed ancestry; a mix of white, black, and Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary) WIKI]

'''fuliginous'''<br>
Fuliginous refers to a sooty, obscure or murky color (Merriam-Webster). As used by the author Gene Wolf in his books involving Severian the torturer, who wears a fuligin cape, the word refers to a color darker than black.

'''Paxton Boys'''<br>[[Image:PaxtonMassacre.jpg|thumb|Paxton Massacre|right]]
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 306==
'''Moravian Brethren'''<br>
The Moravian Church is a mainline Protestant denomination. Its religious heritage began in Kunvald late 14th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Its official name is Unitas Fratrum meaning Unity of the Brethren (not to be confused with the small Unity of the Brethren church based in Texas). It is also occasionally referred to as the Bohemian Brethren. It places a high premium on Christian unity, personal piety, missions and music. The church's emblem is the Lamb of God with the flag of victory, surrounded by the Latin inscription: Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur; or in English: "Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church WIKI]

'''In fact, when word arriv'd...'''<br>
this paragraph is a flashback to [[1763#December|December]] 16, 1763.<br>

==Page 307==
'''Time of Bushy Run'''<br>
The Battle of Bushy Run occurred on August 5-6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763-65. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run WIKI]

'''General Bouquet'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

'''General Gage'''<br>
Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American Revolution... From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander in chief of the North American forces, including the direction of the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions played a role in sparking of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775. After his failure to resolve the Siege of Boston he was replaced by General Howe in October 1775, and returned to England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage WIKI]

'''Hospital Blankets us'd 'to convey the Small-pox to the Indians'...'''<br>
As it turned out, officers at the besieged Fort Pitt had already attempted to do what Amherst and Bouquet were still discussing, apparently without having been ordered to do so by Amherst or Bouquet. During a parley at Fort Pitt on June 24, 1763, Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, hoping to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. William Trent, the militia commander, left records that clearly indicated that the purpose of giving the blankets was "to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion WIKI]

==Page 308==
'''Brown Besses'''<br>
Brown Bess is a nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess WIKI]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br>
A Mantua (from the French Manteuil ) is an article of women's clothing worn in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century. Originally a loose gown, the later mantua was an overgown or robe typically worn over stays, stomacher and a co-ordinating petticoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Peggy Shippen'''<br>
Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804 or February 14, 1836), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775)... When she was very young, she learned that she could get anything she wanted from her sister, Elizabeth, by throwing a tantrum. Either her mother or father would give in and allow her to have what she wanted. She used this to her advantage throughout her life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Shippen WIKI]

'''poor young Andre'''<br>
John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British Army... During Peggy Shippen's visits to her home, she met British Major John Andre, after the British took control of Philadelphia. They became good friends, some even say there were mild flirtations. When he left, he gave her a lock of his hair in a golden locket. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Andre WIKI]

'''Veins and Reins'''<br>
"reins" is the French word for "kidneys," carried over into early modern
English.
"Reins (rànz) pl.n.: 1. The kidneys, loins, or lower back."
http://www.answers.com/topic/reins

==Page 309==
'''Braddock'''<br>
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755, and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI]

'''Hibernia'''<br>
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The name Hibernia was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία). It is likely that the Romans saw a connection between these historical names and the Latin word hibernus meaning wintry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia WIKI]

==Page 310==
''''Tis too cloudy for Obs tonight...'''<br>
this happened the night of [[1763#December|December]] 29, 1763, supporting the 29th as the date for page 302. "Wednesday Market" is a mistake on Dixon's part.

'''Forks of Brandywine'''<br>
The tributaries (themselves, colloquially, forks) of Brandywine Creek
drain the whole area, so it's a district.

Brandywine Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies north of the Christina River and east of Brandywine Creek, excepting that portion in the south included in Wilmington Hundred. Its northern boundary follows a portion of the 12 mile arc drawn around the town of New Castle. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for Brandywine Creek that flows along its western boundary. When created it included some of the area now in the Wilmington Hundred, which was split off 1833. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Hundred WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry'''<br>
John Harris, Sr., (1673 - December 1748) emigrated from Britain to America late in the 17th century... In 1733 he was granted the right to operate a ferry across the Susquehanna and for more than half a century "Harris's Ferry" was the funnel through which much of the Scottish, Irish and German migration trickled west. In the same year Harris acquired, through grants, two tracts of land adjacent to his ferry, totaling 800 acres. Today, the area has been developed into downtown Harrisburg. John Harris Sr. Had 7 sons and 2 daughters who spread out and whose descendants are spread through the US. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris,_Sr. WIKI]

==Page 311==
'''Perfumes of Celebes'''<br>
Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi (coffee) — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_varieties WIKI]

'''Delphic Vapors'''<br>
The priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia. Apollo spoke through his oracle, who had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. The sibyl or prophetess took the name Pythia and sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene came out of this opening that is known to produce violent trances, though this theory remains debatable. While in a trance the Pythia "raved" - probably a form of ecstatic speech - and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi WIKI]

==Page 312==
'''Wolfe's Men'''<br>
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Page 313==
'''the White People... Eden'''<br>
Cf. the White City in Against the Day and especially the 'reality' revealed around the White City with the 'reality' adumbrated in this whole paragraph as well.

'''front of the Arras'''<br>
Arras (Dutch: Atrecht) is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France... The ownership of the town was, however, repeatedly disputed along with the rest of Artois. During the Middle Ages, possession of Arras passed to a variety of feudal rulers and fiefs, including the County of Flanders, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and the French crown. The town was the site of the Congress of Arras in 1435, an unsuccessful attempt to end the Hundred Years' War that resulted in the Burgundians breaking their alliance with the English. After the death of Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1477, King Louis XI of France took control of Arras but the town's inhabitants, still loyal to the Burgundians, expelled the French. This prompted Louis XI to besiege Arras in person and, after taking it by assault, he had the town's walls razed and its inhabitants expelled, to be replaced by more loyal subjects from other parts of France. In a bid to erase the town's identity completely, Louis renamed it temporarily to Franchise. In 1482, the Peace of Arras was signed in the town to end a war between Louis XI and Maximilian I of Austria; ten years later, the town was ceded to Maximilian and was bequeathed to the Spanish Habsburgs as part of the Spanish Netherlands. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras WIKI]<br>
More to the point, though, is probably the Arras behind which Polonius hides in Act III, Scene IV of Shakespeare's play. Saying, "How now? a rat?", Hamlet stabs him through the arras.

'''hydraulick Looms'''<br>
See Pynchon's essay [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite''] for more on this topic.

'''expell'd from Paradise by Wolfe and his Regiment'''<br>
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

W

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'''Waddington, Robert'''<br />
74; a Lunarian Stalwart; 126

'''Wakefield'''<br />
594; Wakefield (England), city, administrative center of the
metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, northern England, on the Calder
River. Wakefield has been known as a textile-manufacturing center since the
late 16th century. The city has a museum and an art gallery and is the site
of a cathedral (mostly 14th century). Wakefield was the scene of a Yorkist defeat (1460) during the Wars of the Roses.

'''Wake of Jasmine Absolute'''<br />
456; ''See'' [[J#jasmine|Jasmine Absolute]]

'''Wales, Mountains of'''<br />
585

<div id="walpole"></div>'''Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745)'''<br />
74, 351;''Walpole-Gang'', 193; The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. This position had no official recognition in law, but Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the de facto office due to the extent of his influence in the Cabinet. However, the term "Prime Minister" was never used officially at this time. More from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole Wikipedia] A Whig, he is considered England's first Prime Minister.

'''Wapping High Street'''<br />
15; Wapping, in the 18th century, was a bawdy, impoverished district in the East End of London; [[Wapping|More about Wapping]]; 52; 77; 110; 674; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry]

'''War'''<br />
49; 386; 551

'''War of '39'''<br />
175; aka the "War of Jenkins' Ear" (1739) in which England went to war with
Spain based on Jenkins' story that his sloop had been boarded by Spanish ''guarda costa'' and his ear torn off. The war merged into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48).

'''Warford, Joseph'''<br />
575; Maryland governor Sharpe's "co-Adjutor"; 611; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="warford"></div>'''Warford, Mrs.'''<br />
580; wife of Joseph

'''Warp, Delver'''<br />
100; Company writer

'''Washington, Colonel George (1732-99)'''<br />
273; He was a rich & successful farmer who entertained liberally at his estate
at Mt. Vernon, before becoming the 1st president of the United States; 572; 592

'''Washington, Martha'''<br />
:"When Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow, married George Washington in 1759, she was no shrinking violet. In the collection is a small fragment of her yellow brocade dress, which was worn over a white-silver brocade petticoat, reflecting the bright colors then in fashion. On her feet, according to accounts of the time, she wore lilac slippers embroidered in gold and silver." <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/110297deit.html New York Times Books section</ref>

280; rich young widow George married in 1759; "Nosegay [a bouquet of flowers]
of Virtue" 281;

'''Wasp of Twickenham'''<br />
489; aka [[P#pope|Alexander Pope]]

'''Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684-1721)'''<br />
633; French painter who depicted the wide box pleats extending from shoulder to hem in an unbroken line in a woman's gown.

From Aldous Huxley's ''The Doors of Perception'':

:"Or consider Watteau; his men and women play lutes, get ready for balls and harlequinades, embark, on velvet lawns and under noble trees, for the Cythera of every lover's dream; their enormous melancholy and the flayed, excruciating sensibility of their creator find expression, not in the gestures and faces portrayed, but in the relief and texture of their taffeta skirts, their satin capes and doublets. Not an inch of smooth surface here, not a moment of peace or confidence, only a silken wilderness of countless tiny pleats and wrinkles, with an incessant modulation - inner uncertainty rendered with the perfect assurance of a master hand - of tone into tone, of one inderterminate colour into another." <ref>Huxley, Aldous, ''The Doors of Perception'', Harper & Brothers, 1954, p.32</ref>

'''weapons'''<br />
Oortman, 154; Brown Bess (rifle), 308; Hanger, 365; Musketoon, 382; Dutch
Rifle (w/Pentacle) 342, 427; Beaver, 494; Lancaster County Rifle ("deadly from
a mile off"), 278, 551, 613, 663; Highwayman Pistol, 638; Dirk (long knife),
400, 711

'''Wear'''<br />
Wearside, 239; Weardale, 239; The Wear, 242; Wear Valley, 273

'''Wetherburn, Mr.'''<br />
572; at whose house where stays in Williamsburg

'''Weavers, British'''<br />
406; 501; 503

'''Webs'''<br />
185; Durham Quaker, 237; Quaker, 239; "of Catholic houses of Asylum" 420; Web
of Communication, 644, 567

'''Wecquetank'''<br />
306

<div id="wedge"></div>'''Wedge, The'''<br />
A small area of land of disputed jurisdiction created by geographic and geometric inconsistencies of the definitions of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. The Wedge is south of the 39*43' parallel, west of the New Castle circle, and east of the North Line.
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_(border) Wikipedia entry]
View [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Delaware-wedge.svg image]

323; aka the "Delaware Triangle"; 469-70

:The "notorious Wedge" that the tangent line created did exist, and provided a kind of no man's land where criminals and other unsavory types hung out because they were...neither [in] Pennsylvania nor Maryland.

'''''Wehe'''''<br />
480; German: "Alas!"

'''Weishaupt, Adam'''<br />
358

'''Welsh Main'''<br />
24; (from "Rules relating to the Matching & Fighting of cocks in London" which appeared in Heber's Sporting Calendar for 1751, published by Reginald Heber of London and printed in 1752):

:The ''Welsh Main'', described by the Rev. Samuel Pegge in "A Memoir on Cockfighting," published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1786, as "a disgrace to us Englishment," is different again in that cocks are fought more than once. It is a knockout competition, between any number of birds from sixteen to thirty two. Battles are to the death in every case. The survivors of each round fight each other until only one remains alive. This means that the winner of a thirty two bird Welsh main has had to kill five opponents.

:There is an even worse contest called a ''Battle Royal''. In this contest any number of birds are placed in the pit simultaneously with no regard to weight or anything else. It is just a free-for-all with the winner being the bird left standing at the end. Historically Welsh Mains and Battles Royal were very popular, but I have no evidence of their continuance at present. Conventional Mains are the order of the day amongst steel matchers. <ref>[http://cockfighters.chat.ru/Chapter%203.htm Rules for Cock-fighting]</ref>

'''Were-wolves'''<br />
143; 236; 491; [http://ahww.lycanthrope.net FAQ]

'''Wesley, John (1703-91)'''<br />
9; Englishman John Wesley founded Methodism and had a "club" called the
"Oxford Methodists." In 1735 Wesley and his brother Charles went on a
missionary trip to Georgia where his evangelistic zealousness and
unfamiliarity with American ways caused him to incur the wrath of the
colonists;100; Wesley, 380

'''West, The'''<br />
427; 636; Eternal West, 671; 680; Westering, 707

<div id="catherine"></div>'''Wheat, Catherine'''<br />
575; girlfriend and then wife of Tom Hynes; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="conrad"></div>'''Wheat, Conrad'''<br />
575; father of Catherine; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Westward Escapes, Tales of the'''<br />
634; Refers to the Icelandic ventures into North America by Leif Ericsson c. 1000, as told in the Vinland Sagas (14th Century); See also: [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]

'''"Where the Bee Sucks"'''<br />
19; A tune sung by Ariel, in Shakespeare's ''The Tempest'', Act V, Scene I, lines
88-94: "Where the bee sucks, there suck I; In a cowslip's bell I lie; There I
couch when owls do cry."

<div id="whigs"></div>'''Whigs'''<br />
[short for "Whiggamore," a member of a Scottish group that marched to Edinburgh in 1648 to oppose the court party] In American, Whigs favored independence from Great Britain.
[[Whigs|A Primer]]

'''Whike, Mr.'''<br />
230; "Oafery's friend and occasional Translator"

'''Whimbrel, Mr.'''<br />
554; printed "Pennsylvania's Fair Copy of the Field-Journals of Mason and
Dixon"

'''White, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

'''Whitefield, George (1714-70)'''<br />
9; Englishman George Whitefield (1714-70) was an early member of John
Wesley's "club," called the "Oxford Methodists." Whitefield made numerous
evanglistic visits to America beginning in 1738; 260; 261; 405

'''Whitehall'''<br />
177; Britain's center for government in London. Eponymically named for
Whitehall Palace which was located there but burned down in the late 17th
century; 451

'''White Luminary'''<br />
129; on a sign at The Moon

'''Whitpot, Mr.'''<br />
365; "itinerant Stove-Salesman"

'''Whorekill Road'''<br />
258; Whorekill (now Lewes) was the first town in Delaware, settled by the Dutch in 1631.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ'''<br />
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

Lepton's purchase of Austra, [[Chapter_41:_410-421#widows | 419 ]]; Austra's entry into [[Chapter_42:_422-435#427 | 427]]; 525; "principal Duties [...] to charm the Chinese"; ''See also'' [[V#viudas|Las Viudas de Cristo]]

'''Wild, Mr.'''<br />
558; "Mr. Bodley's Librarian"

<div id="wilkes"></div>'''Wilkes, John (1727-97)'''<br />
367; Wilkes was an English politician who was a man of fashion as well as
profligate. He was a member of the Hell-fire Club which held orgies at
[[M#medmenham|Medmenham Abbey]]. He entered parliament in 1757, but was kicked out and imprisoned in 1768 for being involved in a duel resulting from readings of his supposedly obscene ''Essay on Women'' in the House of Lords; 489

'''William of Orange (1650-1702)'''<br />
84; William III was the Prince of Orange and king of Great Britain and Ireland
from 1689. In 1692 he was appointed commander of the Dutch army and proved
courageous in battling the French when they invaded the United Provinces; 226

<div id="woffington"></div>'''Woffington, Mrs. Margaret (1714-1760)'''<br />
184; actress; she was amorously linked with [g.html#garrick">Garrick</a> and they lived together from 1742-45. Apparently Woffington never married and the "Mrs." was more along the lines of an honorary title. Although Garrick married in 1749 and remained so until his death there seems some evidence that he retained an attachment to Woffington (e.g. he wore the shoe buckles she gave him until his death).

'''Wofte, Protasia'''<br />
347; character in ''The Ghastly Fop''

'''Wolf of Jesus'''<br />
522; aka Father Zarpazo, at the Jesuit College; 543

<div id="wolfe"></div>
'''Wolfe, James (1727-59)'''<br />
General James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for his victory over the French in Canada and establishing British rule there... In 1745, Wolfe's regiment was recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising. Wolfe served in Scotland in 1746 as aide-de-camp under General Henry Hawley in the campaign to defeat the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart. In this capacity, Wolfe participated in the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden. At Culloden, he famously refused to carry out an order of the Duke of Cumberland to shoot a wounded Highlander by stating that his honour was worth more than his commission. This act may have been a cause for his later popularity among the Royal Highland Fusiliers, whom he would later command. He was killed fighting the French in Quebec in which battle the French were routed and Canada became an English colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

Mason remembering, [[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312|312]]; 313; 407; 501

'''World's End, The'''<br />
148; Dixon's local at the Cape; 180

<div id="wrangler"></div>'''Wrangler'''<br />
437; "seventh Wrangler" - At Cambridge University, a student who
placed in the first class of the mathematical tripos (18th c.). So,
Maskelyne only obtained the 7th highest marks in his year. A senior
wrangler is one who attains the highest marks in his year.

'''Wyalusing'''<br />
306; Wyalusing, in the southeast corner of Bradford county, is situated on a low hill at the confluence of Wyalusing Creek and the Susquehanna River. Nearby, the Wyalusing rocks, once used by the Iroquois indians as a signaling point, rise five hundred feet above the Susquehanna river offering a splendid view of farms and forests. [http://bradford-pa.com/towns/wyalusing Official Wyalusing Website]

'''Wyvils'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Robert Wyvil was a 14C Bishop of Soilsbury

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

W

2012-12-05T17:34:47Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Waddington, Robert'''<br />
74; a Lunarian Stalwart; 126

'''Wakefield'''<br />
594; Wakefield (England), city, administrative center of the
metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, northern England, on the Calder
River. Wakefield has been known as a textile-manufacturing center since the
late 16th century. The city has a museum and an art gallery and is the site
of a cathedral (mostly 14th century). Wakefield was the scene of a Yorkist defeat (1460) during the Wars of the Roses.

'''Wake of Jasmine Absolute'''<br />
456; ''See'' [[J#jasmine|Jasmine Absolute]]

'''Wales, Mountains of'''<br />
585

<div id="walpole"></div>'''Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745)'''<br />
74, 351;''Walpole-Gang'', 193; The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. This position had no official recognition in law, but Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the de facto office due to the extent of his influence in the Cabinet. However, the term "Prime Minister" was never used officially at this time. More from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole Wikipedia] A Whig, he is considered England's first Prime Minister.

'''Wapping High Street'''<br />
15; Wapping, in the 18th century, was a bawdy, impoverished district in the East End of London; [[Wapping|More about Wapping]]; 52; 77; 110; 674; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry]

'''War'''<br />
49; 386; 551

'''War of '39'''<br />
175; aka the "War of Jenkins' Ear" (1739) in which England went to war with
Spain based on Jenkins' story that his sloop had been boarded by Spanish ''guarda costa'' and his ear torn off. The war merged into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48).

'''Warford, Joseph'''<br />
575; Maryland governor Sharpe's "co-Adjutor"; 611; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="warford"></div>'''Warford, Mrs.'''<br />
580; wife of Joseph

'''Warp, Delver'''<br />
100; Company writer

'''Washington, Colonel George (1732-99)'''<br />
273; He was a rich & successful farmer who entertained liberally at his estate
at Mt. Vernon, before becoming the 1st president of the United States; 572; 592

'''Washington, Martha'''<br />
:"When Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow, married George Washington in 1759, she was no shrinking violet. In the collection is a small fragment of her yellow brocade dress, which was worn over a white-silver brocade petticoat, reflecting the bright colors then in fashion. On her feet, according to accounts of the time, she wore lilac slippers embroidered in gold and silver." <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/110297deit.html New York Times Books section</ref>

280; rich young widow George married in 1759; "Nosegay [a bouquet of flowers]
of Virtue" 281;

'''Wasp of Twickenham'''<br />
489; aka [[P#pope|Alexander Pope]]

'''Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684-1721)'''<br />
633; French painter who depicted the wide box pleats extending from shoulder to hem in an unbroken line in a woman's gown.

From Aldous Huxley's ''The Doors of Perception'':

:"Or consider Watteau; his men and women play lutes, get ready for balls and harlequinades, embark, on velvet lawns and under noble trees, for the Cythera of every lover's dream; their enormous melancholy and the flayed, excruciating sensibility of their creator find expression, not in the gestures and faces portrayed, but in the relief and texture of their taffeta skirts, their satin capes and doublets. Not an inch of smooth surface here, not a moment of peace or confidence, only a silken wilderness of countless tiny pleats and wrinkles, with an incessant modulation - inner uncertainty rendered with the perfect assurance of a master hand - of tone into tone, of one inderterminate colour into another." <ref>Huxley, Aldous, ''The Doors of Perception'', Harper & Brothers, 1954, p.32</ref>

'''weapons'''<br />
Oortman, 154; Brown Bess (rifle), 308; Hanger, 365; Musketoon, 382; Dutch
Rifle (w/Pentacle) 342, 427; Beaver, 494; Lancaster County Rifle ("deadly from
a mile off"), 278, 551, 613, 663; Highwayman Pistol, 638; Dirk (long knife),
400, 711

'''Wear'''<br />
Wearside, 239; Weardale, 239; The Wear, 242; Wear Valley, 273

'''Wetherburn, Mr.'''<br />
572; at whose house where stays in Williamsburg

'''Weavers, British'''<br />
406; 501; 503

'''Webs'''<br />
185; Durham Quaker, 237; Quaker, 239; "of Catholic houses of Asylum" 420; Web
of Communication, 644, 567

'''Wecquetank'''<br />
306

<div id="wedge"></div>'''Wedge, The'''<br />
A small area of land of disputed jurisdiction created by geographic and geometric inconsistencies of the definitions of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. The Wedge is south of the 39*43' parallel, west of the New Castle circle, and east of the North Line.
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_(border) Wikipedia entry]
View [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Delaware-wedge.svg image]

323; aka the "Delaware Triangle"; 469-70

:The "notorious Wedge" that the tangent line created did exist, and provided a kind of no man's land where criminals and other unsavory types hung out because they were...neither [in] Pennsylvania nor Maryland.

'''''Wehe'''''<br />
480; German: "Alas!"

'''Weishaupt, Adam'''<br />
358

'''Welsh Main'''<br />
24; (from "Rules relating to the Matching & Fighting of cocks in London" which appeared in Heber's Sporting Calendar for 1751, published by Reginald Heber of London and printed in 1752):

:The ''Welsh Main'', described by the Rev. Samuel Pegge in "A Memoir on Cockfighting," published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1786, as "a disgrace to us Englishment," is different again in that cocks are fought more than once. It is a knockout competition, between any number of birds from sixteen to thirty two. Battles are to the death in every case. The survivors of each round fight each other until only one remains alive. This means that the winner of a thirty two bird Welsh main has had to kill five opponents.

:There is an even worse contest called a ''Battle Royal''. In this contest any number of birds are placed in the pit simultaneously with no regard to weight or anything else. It is just a free-for-all with the winner being the bird left standing at the end. Historically Welsh Mains and Battles Royal were very popular, but I have no evidence of their continuance at present. Conventional Mains are the order of the day amongst steel matchers. <ref>[http://cockfighters.chat.ru/Chapter%203.htm Rules for Cock-fighting]</ref>

'''Were-wolves'''<br />
143; 236; 491; [http://ahww.lycanthrope.net FAQ]

'''Wesley, John (1703-91)'''<br />
9; Englishman John Wesley founded Methodism and had a "club" called the
"Oxford Methodists." In 1735 Wesley and his brother Charles went on a
missionary trip to Georgia where his evangelistic zealousness and
unfamiliarity with American ways caused him to incur the wrath of the
colonists;100; Wesley, 380

'''West, The'''<br />
427; 636; Eternal West, 671; 680; Westering, 707

<div id="catherine"></div>'''Wheat, Catherine'''<br />
575; girlfriend and then wife of Tom Hynes; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="conrad"></div>'''Wheat, Conrad'''<br />
575; father of Catherine; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Westward Escapes, Tales of the'''<br />
634; Refers to the Icelandic ventures into North America by Leif Ericsson c. 1000, as told in the Vinland Sagas (14th Century); See also: [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]

'''"Where the Bee Sucks"'''<br />
19; A tune sung by Ariel, in Shakespeare's ''The Tempest'', Act V, Scene I, lines
88-94: "Where the bee sucks, there suck I; In a cowslip's bell I lie; There I
couch when owls do cry."

<div id="whigs"></div>'''Whigs'''<br />
[short for "Whiggamore," a member of a Scottish group that marched to Edinburgh in 1648 to oppose the court party] In American, Whigs favored independence from Great Britain.
[[Whigs|A Primer]]

'''Whike, Mr.'''<br />
230; "Oafery's friend and occasional Translator"

'''Whimbrel, Mr.'''<br />
554; printed "Pennsylvania's Fair Copy of the Field-Journals of Mason and
Dixon"

'''White, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

'''Whitefield, George (1714-70)'''<br />
9; Englishman George Whitefield (1714-70) was an early member of John
Wesley's "club," called the "Oxford Methodists." Whitefield made numerous
evanglistic visits to America beginning in 1738; 260; 261; 405

'''Whitehall'''<br />
177; Britain's center for government in London. Eponymically named for
Whitehall Palace which was located there but burned down in the late 17th
century; 451

'''White Luminary'''<br />
129; on a sign at The Moon

'''Whitpot, Mr.'''<br />
365; "itinerant Stove-Salesman"

'''Whorekill Road'''<br />
258; Whorekill (now Lewes) was the first town in Delaware, settled by the Dutch in 1631.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ'''<br />
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

Lepton's purchase of Austra, [[Chapter_41:_410-421#widows | 419 ]]; Austra's entry into [[Chapter_42:_422-435#427 | 427]]; 525; "principal Duties [...] to charm the Chinese"; ''See also'' [[V#viudas|Las Viudas de Cristo]]

'''Wild, Mr.'''<br />
558; "Mr. Bodley's Librarian"

<div id="wilkes"></div>'''Wilkes, John (1727-97)'''<br />
367; Wilkes was an English politician who was a man of fashion as well as
profligate. He was a member of the Hell-fire Club which held orgies at
[[M#medmenham|Medmenham Abbey]]. He entered parliament in 1757, but was kicked out and imprisoned in 1768 for being involved in a duel resulting from readings of his supposedly obscene ''Essay on Women'' in the House of Lords; 489

'''William of Orange (1650-1702)'''<br />
84; William III was the Prince of Orange and king of Great Britain and Ireland
from 1689. In 1692 he was appointed commander of the Dutch army and proved
courageous in battling the French when they invaded the United Provinces; 226

<div id="woffington"></div>'''Woffington, Mrs. Margaret (1714-1760)'''<br />
184; actress; she was amorously linked with [g.html#garrick">Garrick</a> and they lived together from 1742-45. Apparently Woffington never married and the "Mrs." was more along the lines of an honorary title. Although Garrick married in 1749 and remained so until his death there seems some evidence that he retained an attachment to Woffington (e.g. he wore the shoe buckles she gave him until his death).

'''Wofte, Protasia'''<br />
347; character in ''The Ghastly Fop''

'''Wolf of Jesus'''<br />
522; aka Father Zarpazo, at the Jesuit College; 543

'''Wolfe, James (1727-59)'''<br />
General James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for his victory over the French in Canada and establishing British rule there... In 1745, Wolfe's regiment was recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising. Wolfe served in Scotland in 1746 as aide-de-camp under General Henry Hawley in the campaign to defeat the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart. In this capacity, Wolfe participated in the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden. At Culloden, he famously refused to carry out an order of the Duke of Cumberland to shoot a wounded Highlander by stating that his honour was worth more than his commission. This act may have been a cause for his later popularity among the Royal Highland Fusiliers, whom he would later command. He was killed fighting the French in Quebec in which battle the French were routed and Canada became an English colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

Mason remembering, [[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312|312]]; 313; 407; 501

'''World's End, The'''<br />
148; Dixon's local at the Cape; 180

<div id="wrangler"></div>'''Wrangler'''<br />
437; "seventh Wrangler" - At Cambridge University, a student who
placed in the first class of the mathematical tripos (18th c.). So,
Maskelyne only obtained the 7th highest marks in his year. A senior
wrangler is one who attains the highest marks in his year.

'''Wyalusing'''<br />
306; Wyalusing, in the southeast corner of Bradford county, is situated on a low hill at the confluence of Wyalusing Creek and the Susquehanna River. Nearby, the Wyalusing rocks, once used by the Iroquois indians as a signaling point, rise five hundred feet above the Susquehanna river offering a splendid view of farms and forests. [http://bradford-pa.com/towns/wyalusing Official Wyalusing Website]

'''Wyvils'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Robert Wyvil was a 14C Bishop of Soilsbury

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

W

2012-12-05T17:28:49Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Waddington, Robert'''<br />
74; a Lunarian Stalwart; 126

'''Wakefield'''<br />
594; Wakefield (England), city, administrative center of the
metropolitan county of West Yorkshire, northern England, on the Calder
River. Wakefield has been known as a textile-manufacturing center since the
late 16th century. The city has a museum and an art gallery and is the site
of a cathedral (mostly 14th century). Wakefield was the scene of a Yorkist defeat (1460) during the Wars of the Roses.

'''Wake of Jasmine Absolute'''<br />
456; ''See'' [[J#jasmine|Jasmine Absolute]]

'''Wales, Mountains of'''<br />
585

<div id="walpole"></div>'''Walpole, Sir Robert (1676-1745)'''<br />
74, 351;''Walpole-Gang'', 193; The Right Honourable Robert Walpole, 1st Earl of Orford, KG, KB, PC, was a British statesman who is generally regarded as having been the first Prime Minister of Great Britain. This position had no official recognition in law, but Walpole is nevertheless acknowledged as having held the de facto office due to the extent of his influence in the Cabinet. However, the term "Prime Minister" was never used officially at this time. More from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole Wikipedia] A Whig, he is considered England's first Prime Minister.

'''Wapping High Street'''<br />
15; Wapping, in the 18th century, was a bawdy, impoverished district in the East End of London; [[Wapping|More about Wapping]]; 52; 77; 110; 674; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry]

'''War'''<br />
49; 386; 551

'''War of '39'''<br />
175; aka the "War of Jenkins' Ear" (1739) in which England went to war with
Spain based on Jenkins' story that his sloop had been boarded by Spanish ''guarda costa'' and his ear torn off. The war merged into the War of the Austrian Succession (1740-48).

'''Warford, Joseph'''<br />
575; Maryland governor Sharpe's "co-Adjutor"; 611; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="warford"></div>'''Warford, Mrs.'''<br />
580; wife of Joseph

'''Warp, Delver'''<br />
100; Company writer

'''Washington, Colonel George (1732-99)'''<br />
273; He was a rich & successful farmer who entertained liberally at his estate
at Mt. Vernon, before becoming the 1st president of the United States; 572; 592

'''Washington, Martha'''<br />
:"When Martha Dandridge Custis, a widow, married George Washington in 1759, she was no shrinking violet. In the collection is a small fragment of her yellow brocade dress, which was worn over a white-silver brocade petticoat, reflecting the bright colors then in fashion. On her feet, according to accounts of the time, she wore lilac slippers embroidered in gold and silver." <ref>[http://www.nytimes.com/library/books/110297deit.html New York Times Books section</ref>

280; rich young widow George married in 1759; "Nosegay [a bouquet of flowers]
of Virtue" 281;

'''Wasp of Twickenham'''<br />
489; aka [[P#pope|Alexander Pope]]

'''Watteau, Jean Antoine (1684-1721)'''<br />
633; French painter who depicted the wide box pleats extending from shoulder to hem in an unbroken line in a woman's gown.

From Aldous Huxley's ''The Doors of Perception'':

:"Or consider Watteau; his men and women play lutes, get ready for balls and harlequinades, embark, on velvet lawns and under noble trees, for the Cythera of every lover's dream; their enormous melancholy and the flayed, excruciating sensibility of their creator find expression, not in the gestures and faces portrayed, but in the relief and texture of their taffeta skirts, their satin capes and doublets. Not an inch of smooth surface here, not a moment of peace or confidence, only a silken wilderness of countless tiny pleats and wrinkles, with an incessant modulation - inner uncertainty rendered with the perfect assurance of a master hand - of tone into tone, of one inderterminate colour into another." <ref>Huxley, Aldous, ''The Doors of Perception'', Harper & Brothers, 1954, p.32</ref>

'''weapons'''<br />
Oortman, 154; Brown Bess (rifle), 308; Hanger, 365; Musketoon, 382; Dutch
Rifle (w/Pentacle) 342, 427; Beaver, 494; Lancaster County Rifle ("deadly from
a mile off"), 278, 551, 613, 663; Highwayman Pistol, 638; Dirk (long knife),
400, 711

'''Wear'''<br />
Wearside, 239; Weardale, 239; The Wear, 242; Wear Valley, 273

'''Wetherburn, Mr.'''<br />
572; at whose house where stays in Williamsburg

'''Weavers, British'''<br />
406; 501; 503

'''Webs'''<br />
185; Durham Quaker, 237; Quaker, 239; "of Catholic houses of Asylum" 420; Web
of Communication, 644, 567

'''Wecquetank'''<br />
306

<div id="wedge"></div>'''Wedge, The'''<br />
A small area of land of disputed jurisdiction created by geographic and geometric inconsistencies of the definitions of the borders of Pennsylvania, Maryland, and Delaware. The Wedge is south of the 39*43' parallel, west of the New Castle circle, and east of the North Line.
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wedge_(border) Wikipedia entry]
View [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Delaware-wedge.svg image]

323; aka the "Delaware Triangle"; 469-70

:The "notorious Wedge" that the tangent line created did exist, and provided a kind of no man's land where criminals and other unsavory types hung out because they were...neither [in] Pennsylvania nor Maryland.

'''''Wehe'''''<br />
480; German: "Alas!"

'''Weishaupt, Adam'''<br />
358

'''Welsh Main'''<br />
24; (from "Rules relating to the Matching & Fighting of cocks in London" which appeared in Heber's Sporting Calendar for 1751, published by Reginald Heber of London and printed in 1752):

:The ''Welsh Main'', described by the Rev. Samuel Pegge in "A Memoir on Cockfighting," published by the Society of Antiquaries of London in 1786, as "a disgrace to us Englishment," is different again in that cocks are fought more than once. It is a knockout competition, between any number of birds from sixteen to thirty two. Battles are to the death in every case. The survivors of each round fight each other until only one remains alive. This means that the winner of a thirty two bird Welsh main has had to kill five opponents.

:There is an even worse contest called a ''Battle Royal''. In this contest any number of birds are placed in the pit simultaneously with no regard to weight or anything else. It is just a free-for-all with the winner being the bird left standing at the end. Historically Welsh Mains and Battles Royal were very popular, but I have no evidence of their continuance at present. Conventional Mains are the order of the day amongst steel matchers. <ref>[http://cockfighters.chat.ru/Chapter%203.htm Rules for Cock-fighting]</ref>

'''Were-wolves'''<br />
143; 236; 491; [http://ahww.lycanthrope.net FAQ]

'''Wesley, John (1703-91)'''<br />
9; Englishman John Wesley founded Methodism and had a "club" called the
"Oxford Methodists." In 1735 Wesley and his brother Charles went on a
missionary trip to Georgia where his evangelistic zealousness and
unfamiliarity with American ways caused him to incur the wrath of the
colonists;100; Wesley, 380

'''West, The'''<br />
427; 636; Eternal West, 671; 680; Westering, 707

<div id="catherine"></div>'''Wheat, Catherine'''<br />
575; girlfriend and then wife of Tom Hynes; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

<div id="conrad"></div>'''Wheat, Conrad'''<br />
575; father of Catherine; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Westward Escapes, Tales of the'''<br />
634; Refers to the Icelandic ventures into North America by Leif Ericsson c. 1000, as told in the Vinland Sagas (14th Century); See also: [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]

'''"Where the Bee Sucks"'''<br />
19; A tune sung by Ariel, in Shakespeare's ''The Tempest'', Act V, Scene I, lines
88-94: "Where the bee sucks, there suck I; In a cowslip's bell I lie; There I
couch when owls do cry."

<div id="whigs"></div>'''Whigs'''<br />
[short for "Whiggamore," a member of a Scottish group that marched to Edinburgh in 1648 to oppose the court party] In American, Whigs favored independence from Great Britain.
[[Whigs|A Primer]]

'''Whike, Mr.'''<br />
230; "Oafery's friend and occasional Translator"

'''Whimbrel, Mr.'''<br />
554; printed "Pennsylvania's Fair Copy of the Field-Journals of Mason and
Dixon"

'''White, Mr.'''<br />
32; 247

'''Whitefield, George (1714-70)'''<br />
9; Englishman George Whitefield (1714-70) was an early member of John
Wesley's "club," called the "Oxford Methodists." Whitefield made numerous
evanglistic visits to America beginning in 1738; 260; 261; 405

'''Whitehall'''<br />
177; Britain's center for government in London. Eponymically named for
Whitehall Palace which was located there but burned down in the late 17th
century; 451

'''White Luminary'''<br />
129; on a sign at The Moon

'''Whitpot, Mr.'''<br />
365; "itinerant Stove-Salesman"

'''Whorekill Road'''<br />
258; Whorekill (now Lewes) was the first town in Delaware, settled by the Dutch in 1631.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ'''<br />
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

Lepton's purchase of Austra, [[Chapter_41:_410-421#widows | 419 ]]; Austra's entry into [[Chapter_42:_422-435#427 | 427]]; 525; "principal Duties [...] to charm the Chinese"; ''See also'' [[V#viudas|Las Viudas de Cristo]]

'''Wild, Mr.'''<br />
558; "Mr. Bodley's Librarian"

<div id="wilkes"></div>'''Wilkes, John (1727-97)'''<br />
367; Wilkes was an English politician who was a man of fashion as well as
profligate. He was a member of the Hell-fire Club which held orgies at
[[M#medmenham|Medmenham Abbey]]. He entered parliament in 1757, but was kicked out and imprisoned in 1768 for being involved in a duel resulting from readings of his supposedly obscene ''Essay on Women'' in the House of Lords; 489

'''William of Orange (1650-1702)'''<br />
84; William III was the Prince of Orange and king of Great Britain and Ireland
from 1689. In 1692 he was appointed commander of the Dutch army and proved
courageous in battling the French when they invaded the United Provinces; 226

<div id="woffington"></div>'''Woffington, Mrs. Margaret (1714-1760)'''<br />
184; actress; she was amorously linked with [g.html#garrick">Garrick</a> and they lived together from 1742-45. Apparently Woffington never married and the "Mrs." was more along the lines of an honorary title. Although Garrick married in 1749 and remained so until his death there seems some evidence that he retained an attachment to Woffington (e.g. he wore the shoe buckles she gave him until his death).

'''Wofte, Protasia'''<br />
347; character in ''The Ghastly Fop''

'''Wolf of Jesus'''<br />
522; aka Father Zarpazo, at the Jesuit College; 543

'''Wolfe, James (1727-59)'''<br />
General James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for his victory over the French in Canada and establishing British rule there... In 1745, Wolfe's regiment was recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising. Wolfe served in Scotland in 1746 as aide-de-camp under General Henry Hawley in the campaign to defeat the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart. In this capacity, Wolfe participated in the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden. At Culloden, he famously refused to carry out an order of the Duke of Cumberland to shoot a wounded Highlander by stating that his honour was worth more than his commission. This act may have been a cause for his later popularity among the Royal Highland Fusiliers, whom he would later command. He was killed fighting the French in Quebec in which battle the French were routed and Canada became an English colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

312; 407; 501

'''World's End, The'''<br />
148; Dixon's local at the Cape; 180

<div id="wrangler"></div>'''Wrangler'''<br />
437; "seventh Wrangler" - At Cambridge University, a student who
placed in the first class of the mathematical tripos (18th c.). So,
Maskelyne only obtained the 7th highest marks in his year. A senior
wrangler is one who attains the highest marks in his year.

'''Wyalusing'''<br />
306; Wyalusing, in the southeast corner of Bradford county, is situated on a low hill at the confluence of Wyalusing Creek and the Susquehanna River. Nearby, the Wyalusing rocks, once used by the Iroquois indians as a signaling point, rise five hundred feet above the Susquehanna river offering a splendid view of farms and forests. [http://bradford-pa.com/towns/wyalusing Official Wyalusing Website]

'''Wyvils'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Robert Wyvil was a 14C Bishop of Soilsbury

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 31: 302-314

2012-12-05T17:27:37Z

Rgiaquinta1:

==Page 302==
''''One morning in late December...' [[1763#December|December]] 28? or 29?, 1763 [see note for page 304]'''<br>

==Page 303==
'''the Adonis'''<br>
The allusion to extreme physical attractiveness is apparent in the psychoanalytical Adonis Complex which refers to a body image obsession with improving one's physique and youthful appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis WIKI]

'''Market-place Drolls'''<br>
Drolls are short comical sketches that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drolls WIKI]

==Page 304==
'''The Restless Bee'''<br>
a block and a half from where they are staying...must been near New Market...

'''Susurrus'''<br>
A whispering, rustling, murmuring sound

''''At Lancaster,-day before yesterday...'''<br>
this puts the date of this section in question. The Massacre occured on Tuesday [[1763#December|December]] 27, 1763, which would make the date of the page December 29th. However, Dixon says its "odd for Wednesday market" that it would be so quiet. This suggests Wednesday, December 28th as the correct day for this passage.

Lancaster County, known as the Garden Spot of America, is a county located in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States... The fourteen survivors of the tribe were placed in protective custody in the county workhouse, but the Paxton Boys returned on December 27, broke into the workhouse, and butchered the remaining Susquehannocks. The widespread sympathy in the frontier counties for the perpetrators of these acts made their discovery and arrest futile. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Conestoga'''<br>
Conestoga Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Colonel Robertson'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

'''Paxton Vermin'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_305 305].

==Page 305==
'''Matt Smith'''<br>
Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith)—the dates of his birth and death apparently unknown—was a Pennsylvania politician. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Smith_(Pennsylvania_statesman) WIKI]

'''Revd. Stewart'''<br>
John Stewart (1786-1823) was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians of Ohio and founder of what is often considered the first Methodist mission in America. Stewart was born in Powhatan County, Virginia to free Negro parents who were of mixed ancestry; a mix of white, black, and Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary) WIKI]

'''fuliginous'''<br>
Fuliginous refers to a sooty, obscure or murky color (Merriam-Webster). As used by the author Gene Wolf in his books involving Severian the torturer, who wears a fuligin cape, the word refers to a color darker than black.

'''Paxton Boys'''<br>[[Image:PaxtonMassacre.jpg|thumb|Paxton Massacre|right]]
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 306==
'''Moravian Brethren'''<br>
The Moravian Church is a mainline Protestant denomination. Its religious heritage began in Kunvald late 14th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Its official name is Unitas Fratrum meaning Unity of the Brethren (not to be confused with the small Unity of the Brethren church based in Texas). It is also occasionally referred to as the Bohemian Brethren. It places a high premium on Christian unity, personal piety, missions and music. The church's emblem is the Lamb of God with the flag of victory, surrounded by the Latin inscription: Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur; or in English: "Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church WIKI]

'''In fact, when word arriv'd...'''<br>
this paragraph is a flashback to [[1763#December|December]] 16, 1763.<br>

==Page 307==
'''Time of Bushy Run'''<br>
The Battle of Bushy Run occurred on August 5-6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763-65. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run WIKI]

'''General Bouquet'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

'''General Gage'''<br>
Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American Revolution... From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander in chief of the North American forces, including the direction of the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions played a role in sparking of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775. After his failure to resolve the Siege of Boston he was replaced by General Howe in October 1775, and returned to England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage WIKI]

'''Hospital Blankets us'd 'to convey the Small-pox to the Indians'...'''<br>
As it turned out, officers at the besieged Fort Pitt had already attempted to do what Amherst and Bouquet were still discussing, apparently without having been ordered to do so by Amherst or Bouquet. During a parley at Fort Pitt on June 24, 1763, Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, hoping to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. William Trent, the militia commander, left records that clearly indicated that the purpose of giving the blankets was "to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion WIKI]

==Page 308==
'''Brown Besses'''<br>
Brown Bess is a nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess WIKI]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br>
A Mantua (from the French Manteuil ) is an article of women's clothing worn in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century. Originally a loose gown, the later mantua was an overgown or robe typically worn over stays, stomacher and a co-ordinating petticoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Peggy Shippen'''<br>
Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804 or February 14, 1836), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775)... When she was very young, she learned that she could get anything she wanted from her sister, Elizabeth, by throwing a tantrum. Either her mother or father would give in and allow her to have what she wanted. She used this to her advantage throughout her life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Shippen WIKI]

'''poor young Andre'''<br>
John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British Army... During Peggy Shippen's visits to her home, she met British Major John Andre, after the British took control of Philadelphia. They became good friends, some even say there were mild flirtations. When he left, he gave her a lock of his hair in a golden locket. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Andre WIKI]

'''Veins and Reins'''<br>
"reins" is the French word for "kidneys," carried over into early modern
English.
"Reins (rànz) pl.n.: 1. The kidneys, loins, or lower back."
http://www.answers.com/topic/reins

==Page 309==
'''Braddock'''<br>
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755, and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI]

'''Hibernia'''<br>
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The name Hibernia was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία). It is likely that the Romans saw a connection between these historical names and the Latin word hibernus meaning wintry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia WIKI]

==Page 310==
''''Tis too cloudy for Obs tonight...'''<br>
this happened the night of [[1763#December|December]] 29, 1763, supporting the 29th as the date for page 302. "Wednesday Market" is a mistake on Dixon's part.

'''Forks of Brandywine'''<br>
The tributaries (themselves, colloquially, forks) of Brandywine Creek
drain the whole area, so it's a district.

Brandywine Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies north of the Christina River and east of Brandywine Creek, excepting that portion in the south included in Wilmington Hundred. Its northern boundary follows a portion of the 12 mile arc drawn around the town of New Castle. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for Brandywine Creek that flows along its western boundary. When created it included some of the area now in the Wilmington Hundred, which was split off 1833. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Hundred WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry'''<br>
John Harris, Sr., (1673 - December 1748) emigrated from Britain to America late in the 17th century... In 1733 he was granted the right to operate a ferry across the Susquehanna and for more than half a century "Harris's Ferry" was the funnel through which much of the Scottish, Irish and German migration trickled west. In the same year Harris acquired, through grants, two tracts of land adjacent to his ferry, totaling 800 acres. Today, the area has been developed into downtown Harrisburg. John Harris Sr. Had 7 sons and 2 daughters who spread out and whose descendants are spread through the US. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris,_Sr. WIKI]

==Page 311==
'''Perfumes of Celebes'''<br>
Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi (coffee) — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_varieties WIKI]

'''Delphic Vapors'''<br>
The priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia. Apollo spoke through his oracle, who had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. The sibyl or prophetess took the name Pythia and sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene came out of this opening that is known to produce violent trances, though this theory remains debatable. While in a trance the Pythia "raved" - probably a form of ecstatic speech - and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi WIKI]

==Page 312==
'''Wolfe's Men'''<br>
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]]

==Page 313==
'''the White People... Eden'''<br>
Cf. the White City in Against the Day and especially the 'reality' revealed around the White City with the 'reality' adumbrated in this whole paragraph as well.

'''front of the Arras'''<br>
Arras (Dutch: Atrecht) is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France... The ownership of the town was, however, repeatedly disputed along with the rest of Artois. During the Middle Ages, possession of Arras passed to a variety of feudal rulers and fiefs, including the County of Flanders, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and the French crown. The town was the site of the Congress of Arras in 1435, an unsuccessful attempt to end the Hundred Years' War that resulted in the Burgundians breaking their alliance with the English. After the death of Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1477, King Louis XI of France took control of Arras but the town's inhabitants, still loyal to the Burgundians, expelled the French. This prompted Louis XI to besiege Arras in person and, after taking it by assault, he had the town's walls razed and its inhabitants expelled, to be replaced by more loyal subjects from other parts of France. In a bid to erase the town's identity completely, Louis renamed it temporarily to Franchise. In 1482, the Peace of Arras was signed in the town to end a war between Louis XI and Maximilian I of Austria; ten years later, the town was ceded to Maximilian and was bequeathed to the Spanish Habsburgs as part of the Spanish Netherlands. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras WIKI]<br>
More to the point, though, is probably the Arras behind which Polonius hides in Act III, Scene IV of Shakespeare's play. Saying, "How now? a rat?", Hamlet stabs him through the arras.

'''hydraulick Looms'''<br>
See Pynchon's essay [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite''] for more on this topic.

'''expell'd from Paradise by Wolfe and his Regiment'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

S

2012-12-05T17:11:58Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Sacques'''<br />
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)'''<br />
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux'''<br />
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry'''<br />
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena'''<br />
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133 [http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's'''<br />
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas'''<br />
352

'''St. Omer'''<br />
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter'''<br />
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)'''<br />
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes'''''<br />
55;

'''Sally Lunn'''<br />
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand'''<br />
669

'''Sandy Bay'''<br />
127; 159

'''Sapperton'''<br />
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95'''<br />
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain'''<br />
683

'''''Scamozz'''''<br />
260;

'''Scanderoon'''<br />
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick'''<br />
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion'''<br />
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag'''''<br />
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill'''<br />
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders'''<br />
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia'''<br />
571;

'''''Scotismus'''''<br />
596

'''Scriblerian'''<br />
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret'''<br />
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse'''''<br />
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal'''<br />
485

'''Seaton Prize'''<br />
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector'''<br />
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim'''<br />
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca'''<br />
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count'''''<br />
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.'''<br />
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler'''<br />
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)'''<br />
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour'''<br />
112

'''''Sha'''''<br />
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William'''<br />
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles'''<br />
289; abattoir

'''Shantung'''<br />
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio'''<br />
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of'''<br />
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese'''<br />
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)'''<br />
A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]].
Immigrated from Tregaron, Wales, in 1735, with his wife, Letitia (Cox) Shelby. Though the family had historically been loyal to the Church of England, they became Presbyterians after coming to British America. Owned a plantation near Hagerstown in Frederick (now Washington) County. Shelby lost a great deal of money when Pontiac's Rebellion disrupted his lucrative fur trade business, and two years later, the business' records were destroyed in a house fire. Consequently in December 1770, the family moved to the area near Bristol, Tennessee, where they built a fort and a trading post. Would later be involved in the first Invasions of the Chickamauga Towns. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792). From Isaac Shelby's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Shelby|Wikipedia entry]. See [http://www.tngenweb.org/revwar/records/s/shelby.html|also] for military service.

497; [[Chapter_52:_499-510|499]]; 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat'''<br />
575

'''Shelton, Mr.'''<br />
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin'''''<br />
485

'''Shippen, Mr.'''<br />
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy'''<br />
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg'''<br />
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle'''<br />
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel'''<br />
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.'''<br />
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty'''<br />
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla'''<br />
162;

'''Sideling Hill'''<br />
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill'''<br />
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John'''<br />
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius'''<br />
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson'''<br />
119;

'''Six Nations'''<br />
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the'''<br />
565

'''Sizer'''<br />
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon'''<br />
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings'''<br />
633

'''Slad'''<br />
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery'''<br />
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.'''<br />
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe'''<br />
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)'''<br />
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord'''<br />
281;

'''Smith, Captain John'''<br />
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt'''<br />
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam'''<br />
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak'''<br />
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake'''<br />
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh'''<br />
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri'''<br />
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter'''<br />
566

'''Snowball, Billy'''<br />
503

'''Snow, Mr.'''<br />
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year'''<br />
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"'''<br />
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus'''<br />
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray'''<br />
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates'''<br />
283;

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br />
564; 570

'''Soubrette'''<br />
419

'''Soupçon de Trop'''<br />
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

<div id="southmountain"></div>'''South Mountain'''<br />
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south, to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile (110 km) long range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and part of its portion in Pennsylvania. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania) WIKI]
478; [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_486|486]]; 491;

'''Spadger'''<br />
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS'''<br />
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor'''<br />
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.'''<br />
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy'''<br />
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line'''<br />
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.'''<br />
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church'''<br />
233;

'''Staithes'''<br />
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act'''<br />
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek'''<br />
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross'''<br />
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire'''<br />
233;

'''Steed'''<br />
577

'''Stephens'''<br />
32;

'''Stepney'''<br />
195;

'''Sterloop'''<br />
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend'''<br />
305;

'''Stichomythia'''<br />
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig'''<br />
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs'''<br />
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund'''<br />
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge'''<br />
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)'''<br />
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50'''<br />
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud'''<br />
167; 197; Wolfe's Men arrive, 312; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart'''<br />
551

'''Stuart Charters'''<br />
226;

'''Stukeleyesque'''<br />
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx'''<br />
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum'''''<br />
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.'''<br />
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws'''<br />
148; <br />

'''SURFACE''':<br />
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying'''<br />
460-61

'''Sutton Pool'''<br />
50;

'''Svånssen'''<br />
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts'''<br />
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.'''<br />
192; in The George

'''Sybil'''<br />
591

'''Syncope'''<br />
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa'''<br />
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of'''<br />
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

S

2012-12-05T17:08:50Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Sacques'''<br />
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)'''<br />
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux'''<br />
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry'''<br />
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena'''<br />
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133 [http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's'''<br />
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas'''<br />
352

'''St. Omer'''<br />
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter'''<br />
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)'''<br />
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes'''''<br />
55;

'''Sally Lunn'''<br />
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand'''<br />
669

'''Sandy Bay'''<br />
127; 159

'''Sapperton'''<br />
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95'''<br />
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain'''<br />
683

'''''Scamozz'''''<br />
260;

'''Scanderoon'''<br />
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick'''<br />
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion'''<br />
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag'''''<br />
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill'''<br />
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders'''<br />
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia'''<br />
571;

'''''Scotismus'''''<br />
596

'''Scriblerian'''<br />
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret'''<br />
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse'''''<br />
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal'''<br />
485

'''Seaton Prize'''<br />
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector'''<br />
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim'''<br />
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca'''<br />
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count'''''<br />
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.'''<br />
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler'''<br />
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)'''<br />
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour'''<br />
112

'''''Sha'''''<br />
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William'''<br />
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles'''<br />
289; abattoir

'''Shantung'''<br />
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio'''<br />
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of'''<br />
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese'''<br />
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)'''<br />
A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]].
Immigrated from Tregaron, Wales, in 1735, with his wife, Letitia (Cox) Shelby. Though the family had historically been loyal to the Church of England, they became Presbyterians after coming to British America. Owned a plantation near Hagerstown in Frederick (now Washington) County. Shelby lost a great deal of money when Pontiac's Rebellion disrupted his lucrative fur trade business, and two years later, the business' records were destroyed in a house fire. Consequently in December 1770, the family moved to the area near Bristol, Tennessee, where they built a fort and a trading post. Would later be involved in the first Invasions of the Chickamauga Towns. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792). From Isaac Shelby's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isaac_Shelby|Wikipedia entry].

497; [[Chapter_52:_499-510|499]]; 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat'''<br />
575

'''Shelton, Mr.'''<br />
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin'''''<br />
485

'''Shippen, Mr.'''<br />
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy'''<br />
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg'''<br />
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle'''<br />
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel'''<br />
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.'''<br />
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty'''<br />
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla'''<br />
162;

'''Sideling Hill'''<br />
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill'''<br />
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John'''<br />
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius'''<br />
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson'''<br />
119;

'''Six Nations'''<br />
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the'''<br />
565

'''Sizer'''<br />
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon'''<br />
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings'''<br />
633

'''Slad'''<br />
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery'''<br />
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.'''<br />
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe'''<br />
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)'''<br />
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord'''<br />
281;

'''Smith, Captain John'''<br />
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt'''<br />
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam'''<br />
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak'''<br />
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake'''<br />
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh'''<br />
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri'''<br />
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter'''<br />
566

'''Snowball, Billy'''<br />
503

'''Snow, Mr.'''<br />
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year'''<br />
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"'''<br />
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus'''<br />
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray'''<br />
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates'''<br />
283;

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br />
564; 570

'''Soubrette'''<br />
419

'''Soupçon de Trop'''<br />
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

<div id="southmountain"></div>'''South Mountain'''<br />
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south, to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile (110 km) long range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and part of its portion in Pennsylvania. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania) WIKI]
478; [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_486|486]]; 491;

'''Spadger'''<br />
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS'''<br />
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor'''<br />
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.'''<br />
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy'''<br />
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line'''<br />
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.'''<br />
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church'''<br />
233;

'''Staithes'''<br />
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act'''<br />
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek'''<br />
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross'''<br />
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire'''<br />
233;

'''Steed'''<br />
577

'''Stephens'''<br />
32;

'''Stepney'''<br />
195;

'''Sterloop'''<br />
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend'''<br />
305;

'''Stichomythia'''<br />
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig'''<br />
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs'''<br />
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund'''<br />
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge'''<br />
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)'''<br />
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50'''<br />
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud'''<br />
167; 197; Wolfe's Men arrive, 312; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart'''<br />
551

'''Stuart Charters'''<br />
226;

'''Stukeleyesque'''<br />
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx'''<br />
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum'''''<br />
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.'''<br />
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws'''<br />
148; <br />

'''SURFACE''':<br />
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying'''<br />
460-61

'''Sutton Pool'''<br />
50;

'''Svånssen'''<br />
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts'''<br />
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.'''<br />
192; in The George

'''Sybil'''<br />
591

'''Syncope'''<br />
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa'''<br />
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of'''<br />
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

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__TOC__

==Page 499==
'''Conococheague'''<br>
Conococheague Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River, is a free-flowing stream that originates in Pennsylvania and empties into the Potomac River near Williamsport, Maryland. It is approximately 80 miles (130 km) in length, with 58 miles (93 km) in Pennsylvania and 22 miles (35 km) in Maryland. The watershed of Conococheague Creek has an area of approximately 566 square miles (1,470 km2), out of which only 65 square miles (170 km2) (12% of the area) are in Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conococheague_Creek WIKI]

'''that burn'd and bloodied little huddle of Cabins'''<br>
Fairly certain this section is referring to the [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]]

'''Lancaster as a scene of horror'''<br>
Lancaster was the scene of a [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]] massacre.
see [[l#lancaster|Lancaster Alphabetical Entry]]

'''Capt. Evan Shelby'''<br>
See [[s#shelby|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 500==
'''"Of course 'tis back-to front"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''Grub-Street'''<br>
Until the early 19th century, Grub Street was a street close to London's impoverished Moorfields district that ran from Fore Street east of St Giles-without-Cripplegate north to Chiswell Street. Famous for its concentration of impoverished 'hack writers', aspiring poets, and low-end publishers and booksellers, Grub Street existed on the margins of London's journalistic and literary scene. It was pierced along its length with narrow entrances to alleys and courts, many of which retained the names of early signboards. Its bohemian society was set amidst the impoverished neighbourhood's low-rent flophouses, brothels, and coffeehouses. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grub_street WIKI]

==Page 501==
'''Squall-clouds'''<br>
The term "squall" is universally used to refer to a sudden wind-speed increase, both historically and in the present day. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall WIKI]

'''"Then they began with the Bagpipes."... Wolfe'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

'''Braddock'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

'''Bap'''<br>
Bap (often a larger soft roll, roughly 5-6 inches in diameter). Dough can contain fats such as lard or butter to provide tenderness to dough. Can come in multiple shapes dependent on region. Baps as traditionally made in Scotland are not sweet, unlike the Irish version which may contain currants. The 9th Edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) says that the word "bap" dates from the 16th century and that its origin is unknown. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bap_(bread) WIKI]

'''"when in 'fifty-six"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 502==
'''"Been out upon the Pavement m'self... Tyne Keelmen, back in 'fifty."'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_244 244].

'''Slad Brook'''<br>
Slad is a village in Gloucestershire, England, located in the Slad Valley, about 2 miles from the town of Stroud. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slad WIKI]

==Page 503==
'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br>
All other things being equal

'''"back in 'fifty-six... Clothiers leaping from the Upstairs windows"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 504==
'''Rum affliction'''<br>
Rum: (British, colloquial) Strange, peculiar. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rum#Adjective WIKI]

'''Bisley Parish'''<br>
Bisley-with-Lypiatt is a civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley-with-Lypiatt WIKI]

'''Sapperton Church'''<br>
Where Rebekah Mason was buried.

Sapperton is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, located 4.7 miles west of Cirencester. It is most famous for Sapperton canal tunnel and its connection with the Cotswold Arts and Crafts Movement in the early 20th century. The parish includes the villages of Sapperton and Frampton Mansell. The outlying hamlet of Daneway lies in the parish of Bisley, but is nearer to the village of Sapperton and often considered a part of it. Sapperton is listed in the Domesday Book as 'Sapleton'. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapperton,_Gloucestershire WIKI]

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br>
Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, the majority being transported from the Port of Sunderland complex which was constructed in the 1850s. The port was the largest in Durham and the fourth biggest in Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Durham WIKI]

'''"''You can get above it''... above Distance, above Time itself"'''<br>
A foreshadowing of an overarching thematic plotline of ATD, the Chums of Chance throughline? Notice the line about apprehending "all at once the plexity of possible journeys", which seems to be a clue to some meanings of ATD thru the Chums.

'''''Aides-memoires'''''<br>
Memory aids

==Page 505==
'''Relievo'''<br>
A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modelled form is raised, or, in a sunken-relief, lowered, from a plane from which the main elements of the composition project (or sink). Reliefs are common throughout the world, for example on the walls of monumental buildings. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief WIKI]

'''book upon Navigation'''<br>
Reference to Emerson's book, ''A Treatise of Navigation'' (1755).

'''Hob Headless'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215].

'''Old Hell-Cat of Raby... Elizabeth, Lady Barnard'''<br>
Elizabeth, Lady Barnard (formerly Elizabeth Nash, née Elizabeth Hall) (baptised 21 February 1608 - 17 February 1670) was the granddaughter of the famous English poet and playwright William Shakespeare, and was also his last descendant. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard WIKI]

'''Lamentations of Jeremiah'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_240 240].

==Page 506==
'''Counter-scarps'''<br>
A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides of a ditch used in fortifications. In permanent fortifications the scarp and counterscarp may be encased in stone. In less permanent fortifications, the counterscarp may be lined with paling fence set at an angle so as to give no cover to the attackers but to make advancing and retreating more difficult. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterscarp WIKI]

'''Machicolations'''<br>
A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. The design was developed in the Middle Ages when the Norman crusaders returned. A machicolated battlement projects outwards from the supporting wall in order to facilitate this. A hoarding is a similar structure made of wood, usually temporarily constructed in the event of a siege. Advantages of machicolations over wooden hoardings include the greater strength of stone battlements, as well as the fireproof properties. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machicolations WIKI]

'''Arabs'''<br>
The Arabian or Arab horse (arabic: فرس ) is a breed of horse that originated in the Middle East. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is one of the oldest horse breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years. Throughout history, Arabian horses from the Middle East spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_horse WIKI]

==Page 507==
'''Hurworth'''<br>
Hurworth-on-Tees is a village in the borough of Darlington, within the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated to the south of Darlington, next to the meeting point of the River Skerne and River Tees. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurworth WIKI]

'''''pari passu'''''<br>
Part and parcel

'''Castle Lepton'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_410 410].

==Page 509==
'''rustick Monteith'''<br>
Monteith: A bowl used for the cooling of wine glasses. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monteith WIKI]

'''Osnabrigs'''<br>
Osnaburg was a coarse type of plain textile fabric, named for the city of Osnabrück (from which it may have been first imported into English-speaking countries). Originally made from flax yarns, it has been made from either flax, tow or jute yarns, sometimes flax or tow warp with mixed or jute weft, and often entirely of jute. The finer and better qualities form a kind of common sheeting, and the various kinds may contain from 20 to 36 threads per inch and 10 to 15 picks per inch. It began to be woven in Scotland as an imitation from a German import of a coarse lint or tow-based linen cloth in the later 1730s. It quickly became the most important variety in East-Central Scotland. Sales quadrupled, from 0.5 million yards in 1747 to 2.2 million yards in 1758. It was exported mainly to England, the Netherlands and Britain's colonies in America, and some rough fabrics were called "osnaburg" as late as the mid-twentieth century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnaburg WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

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'''Labyrinths'''<br />
25; 208; 362; 409; 411; 413; 427; 514; 612; 653;

'''Lacaille, Monsieur'''<br />
59;

'''Lagoo, 2-A'''<br />
420; French spy from Canada

'''Lalande, Joseph-Jérôme de (1732-1807)'''<br />
213; French astronomer; "Lancashire Lalande" 230; [[Lalande|MORE...]]

'''Lambton, Lord'''<br />
17; Lambton Castle, 587; Lambton's Oath ("if God should allow [Lambton] victory over the Worm, he would sacrifice unto Him the first living thing he then happen'd to see"), 591 [[Lord Lambton|Biblical Correspondence]]

'''Lambton, Henry'''<br />
594; last of the nine generations of Lambtons to die while not in bed, pursuant
to the Worm's curse

'''Lambton Worm'''<br />
587; a dragon "lacking Wings and a fire-breathing Capacity" that has nine pairs of gill-vents and kills in nines

'''Lamination'''<br />
389-90

<div id="Lancaster"></div>'''Lancaster'''<br />
Pennsylvania town where the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]] slaughtered the Indians.

[[Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_304|304]]; 341; "scene of horror, [[Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_499|499]];

'''Lapis'''<br />
689; 689

'''Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de (1749-1827)'''<br />
10; French mathematician and astronomer. Between 1799 and 1825 his
monumental five-volume ''Mécanique céleste'' , the greatest work on celestrial mechanics since Newton's ''Principia'', was published.

'''L'Appeau'''<br />
377; French: "The Call" - an appeau is a hunter's call, e.g. a duck call which the hunter blows through to simulate the sound of a duck; restaurant in Paris

'''Lapp-land'''<br />
546; region of northern Europe above the arctic circle, encompassing far-northern areas of Finland, Norway and Sweden

'''Larrk of the Sanguine'''<br />
247; Mason's pronounciation of Lark, his sarcastic description of Dixon as a singing bird of confidence

'''Larry, Mr.'''<br />
303; "Irish Wig-Maker at Bermondsley"

'''Lascar'''<br />
37

'''Latimers'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Hugh Latimer (148?-1555) was famous as a preacher. He was Bishop of Worcester in the time of King Henry, but resigned in protest against the King's refusal to allow the Protestant reforms that Latimer desired. Latimer's sermons speak little of doctrine; he preferred to urge men to upright living and devoutness in prayer. But when Mary came to the throne, he was arrested, tried for heresy, and burned together with his friend Nicholas Ridley. His last words at the stake are well known: "Be of good cheer, Master Ridley, and play the man, for we shall this day light such a candle in England as I trust by God's grace shall never be put out."

'''laudanum'''<br />
267; Random House College Dictionary: "1. a tincture of opium
2. Obs. any preparation in which opium is the chief ingredient.
[orig. ML var. of LADANUM; arbitrarily used by Paracelsus to name a remedy
based on opium]"

'''Laws of Springs'''<br />
697; Hooke's Law of Springs: he amount an ideal spring stretches is proportional to the applied force; [http://physics.bu.edu/py105/notes/SHM.html MORE...]

'''Lazarette'''<br />
39; sick bay on a ship

'''Leadenhall Street'''<br />
10; 162; 539; Address of the East India Company

'''Lead Mines'''<br />
547; "spherickal caverns"

'''Learnèd English Dog'''<br />
18; the Norfolk Terrier (aka L.E.D., Fang) who talks & blinks; 22; 746; 756

'''Lehigh'''<br />
306; near where the Indians who were slaughtered "were peacefully settl'd"

<div id="lemaire"></div>'''LeMaire, Christopher'''<br />
73; 156; partner of Boscovich, 268; 544; Jesuit, 546

'''LeMaire, Isaac'''<br />
157; "of the Dutch LeMaires [...] the East India Company Director and speculator"

'''LeMaire, Jacob'''<br />
157; "of the Dutch LeMaires [...] navigator and explorer of the southern seas"

'''Lemonniere, Pierre Charles (1715-99)'''<br />
213; French astronomer; made twelve observations of [[U#uranus|Uranus]] before it was recognized as a planet.

<div id="lepton"></div>'''Lepton, Lady'''<br />
411; at Hurricanoe, 414; "Chatelaine [wife of a castle-owner] of Lepton Castle"
417; 507;

'''Lepton, Lord'''<br />
301; a lepton is a subatomic particle, any of a group consisting of electrons,
muons and neutrinos that experience no strong interactions and are less
massive than mesons and baryons; Riditto at Castle Lepton, 410; 411; 416

<div id="zab"></div>'''LeSpark, Elizabeth ("Zab")'''<br />
6; sister of Wicks Cherrycoke and wife of J.W. LeSpark

'''LeSpark, Ives'''<br />
9; brother of John Wade and Lomax; 96; 56; 263

<div id="LeSpark, John Wade"></div>'''LeSpark, John Wade'''<br />
Cherrycoke's brother-in-law; one of the listeners and contributors to Cherrycoke's tale; a Philadelphia arms merchant.
6; married to Elizabeth ("Zab") Cherrycoke, Wicks' sister; "If there are Account-books in which casualties are the Units of Exchange, then [LeSpark] is deeply in Arrears" [[Comparisons#god"|Compare]] 31; 410; 422; w/M&D at Lepton Castle, [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Page_428 | 428]]; 759

<div id="lomax"></div>'''LeSpark, Lomax'''<br />
47; brother of J. Wade and Ives; 759

<div id="lethe"></div>'''Lethe'''<br />
253; in Greek mythology, Lethe is one of the rivers of [[Pluto|Hades]] from which the dead must drink to forget everything said and done while alive; thus, it has come to represent forgetfulness; in Plato's Tales of Er, 537; 710

'''Levant Company'''<br />
251

'''Lewis'''<br />
269; selling watches

'''Ley-builders'''<br />
681; "put up Cairns"

'''Ley-borne Life'''<br />
651; "ley" is arable land used temporarily for hay or gazing

'''Leyden-Jar'''<br />
294; According to ''Webster's'', "Etymology:
Leiden, Leyden, Netherlands. Date: 1825: an electrical condenser consisting of a glass jar coated inside and outside with metal foil and having the inner coating connected to a conducting rod passed through the insulating stopper"; ''Danse Macabre'', 294;
599; Battery, 600; 764

'''Leyden Pile'''<br />
390

<div id="ley-lines"></div>'''Ley-Lines'''<br />
218; The term "ley lines" was coined by Alfred Watkins when explaining his theory that ancient sites around Britain had actually been constructed or formed giving alignments between and across the inhabited landscape of Britain. The sites mentioned include Stone Circles, Standing Stones, Long Barrows, Cairns, Burial Mounds and Churches; 440; [http://www.mystical-www.co.uk/leylines.htm MORE]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_lines Wikipedia entry]

'''''l'Grande'''''<br />
33; the French ship that attacks the ''Seahorse''; 247; 688

'''Li'''<br />
627;

'''Lightning'''<br />
357; 462-63; [[Charles Mason's Journal#lightning|Mason's Journal Entry]]

'''Lignum Vitae'''<br />
764; the wood of any of several tropical American trees with very hard and
heavy wood

'''Link-men'''<br />
362;477 (Linkmen); OED defines linkman as a man employed to carry a torch (1716,1762). 477 Dixon refers to fireflies as 'tiny Linkmen'

'''Linnaeus, Carolus (1707-78)'''<br />
321; Swedish naturalist & physician, and founder of the modern scientific
nomenclature for animals and plants; 360; 431

'''Litharge'''<br />
227; lead monoxide

'''''Litteraria Expeditione et Soforthia, De'''''<br />
222; mock-Latin title of supposed Jesuit-related book; perhaps an indirect reference to 'Dialogo dei due massimi sistemi del mondo', the book that got Galileo into trouble

'''Little Bear'''<br />
653; Ursa Minoris

'''Lloyd'''<br />
617

'''Locust-Street'''<br />
266; in Philadelphia

'''Lomax, Uncle'''<br />
47; ''See'' [[#lomax|LeSpark, Lomax]]

'''Longitude Act of 1714'''<br />
141; offered a large cash prize for a reliable method for finding longditude at sea

'''Longitude (Question of)'''<br />
712;

'''Long Reach'''<br />
245; "above Gravesend"

'''Lonsdale, Uncle'''<br />
236; Name-connected to Lon Chaney, Jr. (1907-73) who starred in ''The Wolf Man'' (1941);

'''López, Don Vicente'''<br />
338

'''Lord Bishop's Castle'''<br />
754; at Bishop Auckland

<div id="lost"></div>'''Lost Tribes of Israel'''<br />
485; In the Bible, the 12 tribes of Hebrews named for 10 sons of Jacob (Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, and Benjamin) and the two sons of Jacob's son Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh). The 13th tribe, Levi (the third of Jacob's sons), was set apart and had no one portion of its own. After the break in the Hebrew kingdom under Rehoboam, the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and some Levites formed a southern kingdom called Judah; the other 10 tribes formed a northern kingdom called Israel. These 10 were later (721 B.C.) conquered and transported to Assyria. They became known as the 10 lost tribes; numerous conjectures have been advanced as to their fate, and they have been identified with various peoples.

'''Lot'''<br />
127

<div id="love"></div>'''"Love in a Cottage"'''<br />
441; 1762: Librettist: Isaac Bickerstaffe; Composer: [[A#arne|Thomas Augustine Arne]]; Designated Genre: Pasticcio opera (i.e., an opera with contributions from two or more composers); `and he ain't just humming `Love in a Cottage' brings to mind the expression "and he ain't just whistling Dixie."

'''"Love Laughs at a Line"'''<br />
711

'''Loxley, Benjamin'''<br />
296; carpenter

'''Loxodrome'''<br />
47; aka "rhumb line"; According to ''Webster's'', "a line on the surface of the earth that makes equal oblique angles with all meridians and that is a spiral coiling round the poles but never reaching them."; 473

'''Loyolan'''<br />
289; Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) was a Spanish soldier and the founder, in 1534, of the Jesuits (aka the Society of Jesus), a Catholic order emphasizing missionary work.

'''Lucas the Cook'''<br />
54; on St. Helena

'''Luddite'''<br />
312-13; [not found at this page ref: please check]

'''Ludgate'''<br />
10

'''Lunarians'''<br />
21; those who subscribed to the practicability of using the positions of the stars along the moon's path to determine longitude; 437; 728

'''Lunars'''<br />
201; observations made by Lunarians

'''Lunettes'''<br />
269; French, eye-glasses

<div id="luo-pan"></div>'''''Luo-Pan'''''<br />
531; "The Lo-Pan is a disc, six or more inches in diameter, with a magnetic compass about one inch in diameter in the centre. The disc, usually red, is inscribed with sixteen or more concentric circles, subdivided by radial divisions, with appropriate lettering. It synthesises all the Chinese theories as to the cosmic harmony between the energies of nature, time-relations as indicated by the sun and moon, and the directions in space from any point on the earth." (© 1995 Pun Yin Metaphysics LtdConcept & Design by Fortune-it Cookie Entertainment Ltd); While it functions like a western compass, it is used in the practice of Geomancy to measure the flow of Ch'i; 534; 543; 544; 587; 636

'''Lynn, Nathan'''<br />
576; friend of Tom Hynes'

'''Lyra'''<br />
673; constellation

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'''Labyrinths'''<br />
25; 208; 362; 409; 411; 413; 427; 514; 612; 653;

'''Lacaille, Monsieur'''<br />
59;

'''Lagoo, 2-A'''<br />
420; French spy from Canada

'''Lalande, Joseph-Jérôme de (1732-1807)'''<br />
213; French astronomer; "Lancashire Lalande" 230; [[Lalande|MORE...]]

'''Lambton, Lord'''<br />
17; Lambton Castle, 587; Lambton's Oath ("if God should allow [Lambton] victory over the Worm, he would sacrifice unto Him the first living thing he then happen'd to see"), 591 [[Lord Lambton|Biblical Correspondence]]

'''Lambton, Henry'''<br />
594; last of the nine generations of Lambtons to die while not in bed, pursuant
to the Worm's curse

'''Lambton Worm'''<br />
587; a dragon "lacking Wings and a fire-breathing Capacity" that has nine pairs of gill-vents and kills in nines

'''Lamination'''<br />
389-90

<div id="Lancaster"></div>'''Lancaster'''<br />
Town where the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]] slaughtered the Indians.
[[Lancaster|MORE]]
304; 341; "scene of horror, 499;

'''Lapis'''<br />
689; 689

'''Laplace, Pierre Simon, Marquis de (1749-1827)'''<br />
10; French mathematician and astronomer. Between 1799 and 1825 his
monumental five-volume ''Mécanique céleste'' , the greatest work on celestrial mechanics since Newton's ''Principia'', was published.

'''L'Appeau'''<br />
377; French: "The Call" - an appeau is a hunter's call, e.g. a duck call which the hunter blows through to simulate the sound of a duck; restaurant in Paris

'''Lapp-land'''<br />
546; region of northern Europe above the arctic circle, encompassing far-northern areas of Finland, Norway and Sweden

'''Larrk of the Sanguine'''<br />
247; Mason's pronounciation of Lark, his sarcastic description of Dixon as a singing bird of confidence

'''Larry, Mr.'''<br />
303; "Irish Wig-Maker at Bermondsley"

'''Lascar'''<br />
37

'''Latimers'''<br />
590; antidraconical [anti-dragon, i.e., anti-Lucifer, or pro-God] family in Durham; Hugh Latimer (148?-1555) was famous as a preacher. He was Bishop of Worcester in the time of King Henry, but resigned in protest against the King's refusal to allow the Protestant reforms that Latimer desired. Latimer's sermons speak little of doctrine; he preferred to urge men to upright living and devoutness in prayer. But when Mary came to the throne, he was arrested, tried for heresy, and burned together with his friend Nicholas Ridley. His last words at the stake are well known: "Be of good cheer, Master Ridley, and play the man, for we shall this day light such a candle in England as I trust by God's grace shall never be put out."

'''laudanum'''<br />
267; Random House College Dictionary: "1. a tincture of opium
2. Obs. any preparation in which opium is the chief ingredient.
[orig. ML var. of LADANUM; arbitrarily used by Paracelsus to name a remedy
based on opium]"

'''Laws of Springs'''<br />
697; Hooke's Law of Springs: he amount an ideal spring stretches is proportional to the applied force; [http://physics.bu.edu/py105/notes/SHM.html MORE...]

'''Lazarette'''<br />
39; sick bay on a ship

'''Leadenhall Street'''<br />
10; 162; 539; Address of the East India Company

'''Lead Mines'''<br />
547; "spherickal caverns"

'''Learnèd English Dog'''<br />
18; the Norfolk Terrier (aka L.E.D., Fang) who talks & blinks; 22; 746; 756

'''Lehigh'''<br />
306; near where the Indians who were slaughtered "were peacefully settl'd"

<div id="lemaire"></div>'''LeMaire, Christopher'''<br />
73; 156; partner of Boscovich, 268; 544; Jesuit, 546

'''LeMaire, Isaac'''<br />
157; "of the Dutch LeMaires [...] the East India Company Director and speculator"

'''LeMaire, Jacob'''<br />
157; "of the Dutch LeMaires [...] navigator and explorer of the southern seas"

'''Lemonniere, Pierre Charles (1715-99)'''<br />
213; French astronomer; made twelve observations of [[U#uranus|Uranus]] before it was recognized as a planet.

<div id="lepton"></div>'''Lepton, Lady'''<br />
411; at Hurricanoe, 414; "Chatelaine [wife of a castle-owner] of Lepton Castle"
417; 507;

'''Lepton, Lord'''<br />
301; a lepton is a subatomic particle, any of a group consisting of electrons,
muons and neutrinos that experience no strong interactions and are less
massive than mesons and baryons; Riditto at Castle Lepton, 410; 411; 416

<div id="zab"></div>'''LeSpark, Elizabeth ("Zab")'''<br />
6; sister of Wicks Cherrycoke and wife of J.W. LeSpark

'''LeSpark, Ives'''<br />
9; brother of John Wade and Lomax; 96; 56; 263

<div id="LeSpark, John Wade"></div>'''LeSpark, John Wade'''<br />
Cherrycoke's brother-in-law; one of the listeners and contributors to Cherrycoke's tale; a Philadelphia arms merchant.
6; married to Elizabeth ("Zab") Cherrycoke, Wicks' sister; "If there are Account-books in which casualties are the Units of Exchange, then [LeSpark] is deeply in Arrears" [[Comparisons#god"|Compare]] 31; 410; 422; w/M&D at Lepton Castle, [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Page_428 | 428]]; 759

<div id="lomax"></div>'''LeSpark, Lomax'''<br />
47; brother of J. Wade and Ives; 759

<div id="lethe"></div>'''Lethe'''<br />
253; in Greek mythology, Lethe is one of the rivers of [[Pluto|Hades]] from which the dead must drink to forget everything said and done while alive; thus, it has come to represent forgetfulness; in Plato's Tales of Er, 537; 710

'''Levant Company'''<br />
251

'''Lewis'''<br />
269; selling watches

'''Ley-builders'''<br />
681; "put up Cairns"

'''Ley-borne Life'''<br />
651; "ley" is arable land used temporarily for hay or gazing

'''Leyden-Jar'''<br />
294; According to ''Webster's'', "Etymology:
Leiden, Leyden, Netherlands. Date: 1825: an electrical condenser consisting of a glass jar coated inside and outside with metal foil and having the inner coating connected to a conducting rod passed through the insulating stopper"; ''Danse Macabre'', 294;
599; Battery, 600; 764

'''Leyden Pile'''<br />
390

<div id="ley-lines"></div>'''Ley-Lines'''<br />
218; The term "ley lines" was coined by Alfred Watkins when explaining his theory that ancient sites around Britain had actually been constructed or formed giving alignments between and across the inhabited landscape of Britain. The sites mentioned include Stone Circles, Standing Stones, Long Barrows, Cairns, Burial Mounds and Churches; 440; [http://www.mystical-www.co.uk/leylines.htm MORE]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_lines Wikipedia entry]

'''''l'Grande'''''<br />
33; the French ship that attacks the ''Seahorse''; 247; 688

'''Li'''<br />
627;

'''Lightning'''<br />
357; 462-63; [[Charles Mason's Journal#lightning|Mason's Journal Entry]]

'''Lignum Vitae'''<br />
764; the wood of any of several tropical American trees with very hard and
heavy wood

'''Link-men'''<br />
362;477 (Linkmen); OED defines linkman as a man employed to carry a torch (1716,1762). 477 Dixon refers to fireflies as 'tiny Linkmen'

'''Linnaeus, Carolus (1707-78)'''<br />
321; Swedish naturalist & physician, and founder of the modern scientific
nomenclature for animals and plants; 360; 431

'''Litharge'''<br />
227; lead monoxide

'''''Litteraria Expeditione et Soforthia, De'''''<br />
222; mock-Latin title of supposed Jesuit-related book; perhaps an indirect reference to 'Dialogo dei due massimi sistemi del mondo', the book that got Galileo into trouble

'''Little Bear'''<br />
653; Ursa Minoris

'''Lloyd'''<br />
617

'''Locust-Street'''<br />
266; in Philadelphia

'''Lomax, Uncle'''<br />
47; ''See'' [[#lomax|LeSpark, Lomax]]

'''Longitude Act of 1714'''<br />
141; offered a large cash prize for a reliable method for finding longditude at sea

'''Longitude (Question of)'''<br />
712;

'''Long Reach'''<br />
245; "above Gravesend"

'''Lonsdale, Uncle'''<br />
236; Name-connected to Lon Chaney, Jr. (1907-73) who starred in ''The Wolf Man'' (1941);

'''López, Don Vicente'''<br />
338

'''Lord Bishop's Castle'''<br />
754; at Bishop Auckland

<div id="lost"></div>'''Lost Tribes of Israel'''<br />
485; In the Bible, the 12 tribes of Hebrews named for 10 sons of Jacob (Reuben, Simeon, Judah, Zebulun, Issachar, Dan, Gad, Asher, Naphtali, and Benjamin) and the two sons of Jacob's son Joseph (Ephraim and Manasseh). The 13th tribe, Levi (the third of Jacob's sons), was set apart and had no one portion of its own. After the break in the Hebrew kingdom under Rehoboam, the tribes of Judah, Benjamin, and some Levites formed a southern kingdom called Judah; the other 10 tribes formed a northern kingdom called Israel. These 10 were later (721 B.C.) conquered and transported to Assyria. They became known as the 10 lost tribes; numerous conjectures have been advanced as to their fate, and they have been identified with various peoples.

'''Lot'''<br />
127

<div id="love"></div>'''"Love in a Cottage"'''<br />
441; 1762: Librettist: Isaac Bickerstaffe; Composer: [[A#arne|Thomas Augustine Arne]]; Designated Genre: Pasticcio opera (i.e., an opera with contributions from two or more composers); `and he ain't just humming `Love in a Cottage' brings to mind the expression "and he ain't just whistling Dixie."

'''"Love Laughs at a Line"'''<br />
711

'''Loxley, Benjamin'''<br />
296; carpenter

'''Loxodrome'''<br />
47; aka "rhumb line"; According to ''Webster's'', "a line on the surface of the earth that makes equal oblique angles with all meridians and that is a spiral coiling round the poles but never reaching them."; 473

'''Loyolan'''<br />
289; Ignatius Loyola (1491-1556) was a Spanish soldier and the founder, in 1534, of the Jesuits (aka the Society of Jesus), a Catholic order emphasizing missionary work.

'''Lucas the Cook'''<br />
54; on St. Helena

'''Luddite'''<br />
312-13; [not found at this page ref: please check]

'''Ludgate'''<br />
10

'''Lunarians'''<br />
21; those who subscribed to the practicability of using the positions of the stars along the moon's path to determine longitude; 437; 728

'''Lunars'''<br />
201; observations made by Lunarians

'''Lunettes'''<br />
269; French, eye-glasses

<div id="luo-pan"></div>'''''Luo-Pan'''''<br />
531; "The Lo-Pan is a disc, six or more inches in diameter, with a magnetic compass about one inch in diameter in the centre. The disc, usually red, is inscribed with sixteen or more concentric circles, subdivided by radial divisions, with appropriate lettering. It synthesises all the Chinese theories as to the cosmic harmony between the energies of nature, time-relations as indicated by the sun and moon, and the directions in space from any point on the earth." (© 1995 Pun Yin Metaphysics LtdConcept & Design by Fortune-it Cookie Entertainment Ltd); While it functions like a western compass, it is used in the practice of Geomancy to measure the flow of Ch'i; 534; 543; 544; 587; 636

'''Lynn, Nathan'''<br />
576; friend of Tom Hynes'

'''Lyra'''<br />
673; constellation

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'''Padang'''<br />
57

'''paduasoy'''<br />
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick'''<br />
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado'''<br />
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian'''<br /> 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph'''<br />
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt'''<br />
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists'''<br />
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count'''<br />
195

'''Paradise of Chance'''<br />
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography'''<br />
141

'''Paranoia'''<br />
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)'''<br />
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu'''''<br />
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of'''<br />
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia'''<br />
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy'''<br />
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys"></div>'''Paxton Boys'''<br />
The Paxton Boys was a vigilante group that murdered at least twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. Backcountry Presbyterian Scots-Irish frontiersmen from central Pennsylvania, near Paxton Church, Paxtang, Pennsylvania, now Dauphin County, formed a vigilante group in response to the American Indian uprising known as Pontiac's Rebellion. The Paxton Boys felt that the government of colonial Pennsylvania was negligent in providing them protection. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys WIKI] Similarities to [[b#blackboys|The Black Boys]]

304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle'''<br />
381

'''Peace of Paris'''<br />
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.'''<br />
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel'''<br />
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah'''<br />
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>'''<br />
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra'''<br />
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse'''<br />
114

'''Pebble-Lenses'''<br />
549

'''''Péché Mortel'''''<br />
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen'''<br />
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy'''<br />
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf'''<br />
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites'''<br />
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog'''''<br />
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke'''<br />
116

'''Pendennis Point'''<br />
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns'''<br />
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad'''''<br />
In M&D, a poem written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; The fictional Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

217; 489;

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette'''''<br />
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord'''<br />
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle'''<br />
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch'''<br />
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos'''<br />
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion'''<br />
318;

'''Perth Amboy'''<br />
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend'''<br />
773

'''Philadelphia'''<br />
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta'''''<br />
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer'''<br />
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes'''<br />
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions'''''<br />
292; 494

'''Phiz'''<br />
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe'''<br />
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus'''<br />
273

'''Pietist'''<br />
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs'''<br />
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts'''<br />
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules'''<br />
612

'''pinguid'''<br />
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue'''<br />
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)'''<br />
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)'''<br />
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny'''<br />
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza'''''<br />
234-35; 260

'''Plafond'''<br />
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato'''<br />
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides'''<br />
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)'''<br />
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)'''<br />
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous'''<br />
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto'''<br />
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia'''''<br />
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris'''<br />
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate'''<br />
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise'''<br />
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de'''<br />
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee'''<br />
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)'''<br />
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard'''<br />
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)'''<br />
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan'''<br />
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye'''<br />
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish'''<br />
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères'''<br />
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill'''<br />
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power'''<br />
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est'''''<br />
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian'''<br />
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle'''<br />
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John'''<br />
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite'''<br />
698

'''Price, Justice'''<br />
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")'''<br />
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism'''<br />
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom'''<br />
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother'''<br />
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland'''''<br />
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line'''<br />
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus'''<br />
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus'''<br />
142

'''Prospero'''<br />
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island'''<br />
306

'''Prussian Plains'''<br />
613

'''''Pues Entonces'''''<br />
523

'''Pumplenose'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice'''<br />
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns'''<br />
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous'''<br />
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies'''<br />
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)'''<br />
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids'''<br />
547

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'''Padang'''<br />
57

'''paduasoy'''<br />
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick'''<br />
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado'''<br />
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian'''<br /> 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph'''<br />
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt'''<br />
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists'''<br />
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count'''<br />
195

'''Paradise of Chance'''<br />
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography'''<br />
141

'''Paranoia'''<br />
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)'''<br />
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu'''''<br />
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of'''<br />
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia'''<br />
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy'''<br />
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys"></div>'''Paxton Boys'''<br />
The Paxton Boys was a vigilante group that murdered at least twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. Backcountry Presbyterian Scots-Irish frontiersmen from central Pennsylvania, near Paxton Church, Paxtang, Pennsylvania, now Dauphin County, formed a vigilante group in response to the American Indian uprising known as Pontiac's Rebellion. The Paxton Boys felt that the government of colonial Pennsylvania was negligent in providing them protection. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys WIKI]

304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle'''<br />
381

'''Peace of Paris'''<br />
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.'''<br />
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel'''<br />
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah'''<br />
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>'''<br />
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra'''<br />
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse'''<br />
114

'''Pebble-Lenses'''<br />
549

'''''Péché Mortel'''''<br />
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen'''<br />
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy'''<br />
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf'''<br />
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites'''<br />
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog'''''<br />
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke'''<br />
116

'''Pendennis Point'''<br />
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns'''<br />
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad'''''<br />
In M&D, a poem written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; The fictional Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

217; 489;

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette'''''<br />
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord'''<br />
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle'''<br />
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch'''<br />
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos'''<br />
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion'''<br />
318;

'''Perth Amboy'''<br />
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend'''<br />
773

'''Philadelphia'''<br />
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta'''''<br />
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer'''<br />
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes'''<br />
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions'''''<br />
292; 494

'''Phiz'''<br />
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe'''<br />
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus'''<br />
273

'''Pietist'''<br />
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs'''<br />
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts'''<br />
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules'''<br />
612

'''pinguid'''<br />
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue'''<br />
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)'''<br />
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)'''<br />
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny'''<br />
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza'''''<br />
234-35; 260

'''Plafond'''<br />
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato'''<br />
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides'''<br />
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)'''<br />
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)'''<br />
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous'''<br />
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto'''<br />
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia'''''<br />
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris'''<br />
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate'''<br />
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise'''<br />
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de'''<br />
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee'''<br />
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)'''<br />
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard'''<br />
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)'''<br />
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan'''<br />
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye'''<br />
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish'''<br />
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères'''<br />
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill'''<br />
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power'''<br />
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est'''''<br />
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian'''<br />
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle'''<br />
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John'''<br />
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite'''<br />
698

'''Price, Justice'''<br />
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")'''<br />
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism'''<br />
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom'''<br />
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother'''<br />
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland'''''<br />
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line'''<br />
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus'''<br />
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus'''<br />
142

'''Prospero'''<br />
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island'''<br />
306

'''Prussian Plains'''<br />
613

'''''Pues Entonces'''''<br />
523

'''Pumplenose'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice'''<br />
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns'''<br />
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous'''<br />
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies'''<br />
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)'''<br />
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids'''<br />
547

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 31: 302-314

2012-12-05T16:44:09Z

Rgiaquinta1: /* Page 305 */

==Page 302==
''''One morning in late December...' [[1763#December|December]] 28? or 29?, 1763 [see note for page 304]'''<br>

==Page 303==
'''the Adonis'''<br>
The allusion to extreme physical attractiveness is apparent in the psychoanalytical Adonis Complex which refers to a body image obsession with improving one's physique and youthful appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis WIKI]

'''Market-place Drolls'''<br>
Drolls are short comical sketches that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drolls WIKI]

==Page 304==
'''The Restless Bee'''<br>
a block and a half from where they are staying...must been near New Market...

'''Susurrus'''<br>
A whispering, rustling, murmuring sound

''''At Lancaster,-day before yesterday...'''<br>
this puts the date of this section in question. The Massacre occured on Tuesday [[1763#December|December]] 27, 1763, which would make the date of the page December 29th. However, Dixon says its "odd for Wednesday market" that it would be so quiet. This suggests Wednesday, December 28th as the correct day for this passage.

Lancaster County, known as the Garden Spot of America, is a county located in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States... The fourteen survivors of the tribe were placed in protective custody in the county workhouse, but the Paxton Boys returned on December 27, broke into the workhouse, and butchered the remaining Susquehannocks. The widespread sympathy in the frontier counties for the perpetrators of these acts made their discovery and arrest futile. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Conestoga'''<br>
Conestoga Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Colonel Robertson'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

'''Paxton Vermin'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_305 305].

==Page 305==
'''Matt Smith'''<br>
Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith)—the dates of his birth and death apparently unknown—was a Pennsylvania politician. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Smith_(Pennsylvania_statesman) WIKI]

'''Revd. Stewart'''<br>
John Stewart (1786-1823) was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians of Ohio and founder of what is often considered the first Methodist mission in America. Stewart was born in Powhatan County, Virginia to free Negro parents who were of mixed ancestry; a mix of white, black, and Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary) WIKI]

'''fuliginous'''<br>
Fuliginous refers to a sooty, obscure or murky color (Merriam-Webster). As used by the author Gene Wolf in his books involving Severian the torturer, who wears a fuligin cape, the word refers to a color darker than black.

'''Paxton Boys'''<br>[[Image:PaxtonMassacre.jpg|thumb|Paxton Massacre|right]]
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 306==
'''Moravian Brethren'''<br>
The Moravian Church is a mainline Protestant denomination. Its religious heritage began in Kunvald late 14th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Its official name is Unitas Fratrum meaning Unity of the Brethren (not to be confused with the small Unity of the Brethren church based in Texas). It is also occasionally referred to as the Bohemian Brethren. It places a high premium on Christian unity, personal piety, missions and music. The church's emblem is the Lamb of God with the flag of victory, surrounded by the Latin inscription: Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur; or in English: "Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church WIKI]

'''In fact, when word arriv'd...'''<br>
this paragraph is a flashback to [[1763#December|December]] 16, 1763.<br>

==Page 307==
'''Time of Bushy Run'''<br>
The Battle of Bushy Run occurred on August 5-6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763-65. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run WIKI]

'''General Bouquet'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

'''General Gage'''<br>
Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American Revolution... From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander in chief of the North American forces, including the direction of the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions played a role in sparking of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775. After his failure to resolve the Siege of Boston he was replaced by General Howe in October 1775, and returned to England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage WIKI]

'''Hospital Blankets us'd 'to convey the Small-pox to the Indians'...'''<br>
As it turned out, officers at the besieged Fort Pitt had already attempted to do what Amherst and Bouquet were still discussing, apparently without having been ordered to do so by Amherst or Bouquet. During a parley at Fort Pitt on June 24, 1763, Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, hoping to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. William Trent, the militia commander, left records that clearly indicated that the purpose of giving the blankets was "to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion WIKI]

==Page 308==
'''Brown Besses'''<br>
Brown Bess is a nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess WIKI]

'''Mantua-Maker'''<br>
A Mantua (from the French Manteuil ) is an article of women's clothing worn in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century. Originally a loose gown, the later mantua was an overgown or robe typically worn over stays, stomacher and a co-ordinating petticoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Peggy Shippen'''<br>
Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804 or February 14, 1836), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775)... When she was very young, she learned that she could get anything she wanted from her sister, Elizabeth, by throwing a tantrum. Either her mother or father would give in and allow her to have what she wanted. She used this to her advantage throughout her life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Shippen WIKI]

'''poor young Andre'''<br>
John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British Army... During Peggy Shippen's visits to her home, she met British Major John Andre, after the British took control of Philadelphia. They became good friends, some even say there were mild flirtations. When he left, he gave her a lock of his hair in a golden locket. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Andre WIKI]

'''Veins and Reins'''<br>
"reins" is the French word for "kidneys," carried over into early modern
English.
"Reins (rànz) pl.n.: 1. The kidneys, loins, or lower back."
http://www.answers.com/topic/reins

==Page 309==
'''Braddock'''<br>
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755, and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI]

'''Hibernia'''<br>
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The name Hibernia was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία). It is likely that the Romans saw a connection between these historical names and the Latin word hibernus meaning wintry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia WIKI]

==Page 310==
''''Tis too cloudy for Obs tonight...'''<br>
this happened the night of [[1763#December|December]] 29, 1763, supporting the 29th as the date for page 302. "Wednesday Market" is a mistake on Dixon's part.

'''Forks of Brandywine'''<br>
The tributaries (themselves, colloquially, forks) of Brandywine Creek
drain the whole area, so it's a district.

Brandywine Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies north of the Christina River and east of Brandywine Creek, excepting that portion in the south included in Wilmington Hundred. Its northern boundary follows a portion of the 12 mile arc drawn around the town of New Castle. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for Brandywine Creek that flows along its western boundary. When created it included some of the area now in the Wilmington Hundred, which was split off 1833. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Hundred WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry'''<br>
John Harris, Sr., (1673 - December 1748) emigrated from Britain to America late in the 17th century... In 1733 he was granted the right to operate a ferry across the Susquehanna and for more than half a century "Harris's Ferry" was the funnel through which much of the Scottish, Irish and German migration trickled west. In the same year Harris acquired, through grants, two tracts of land adjacent to his ferry, totaling 800 acres. Today, the area has been developed into downtown Harrisburg. John Harris Sr. Had 7 sons and 2 daughters who spread out and whose descendants are spread through the US. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris,_Sr. WIKI]

==Page 311==
'''Perfumes of Celebes'''<br>
Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi (coffee) — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_varieties WIKI]

'''Delphic Vapors'''<br>
The priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia. Apollo spoke through his oracle, who had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. The sibyl or prophetess took the name Pythia and sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene came out of this opening that is known to produce violent trances, though this theory remains debatable. While in a trance the Pythia "raved" - probably a form of ecstatic speech - and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi WIKI]

==Page 312==
'''Wolfe's Men'''<br>
General James Wolfe (2 January 1727 – 13 September 1759) was a British Army officer, known for his training reforms but remembered chiefly for his victory over the French in Canada and establishing British rule there... In 1745, Wolfe's regiment was recalled to Britain to deal with the Jacobite rising. Wolfe served in Scotland in 1746 as aide-de-camp under General Henry Hawley in the campaign to defeat the Jacobite forces of Charles Edward Stuart. In this capacity, Wolfe participated in the Battle of Falkirk and the Battle of Culloden. At Culloden, he famously refused to carry out an order of the Duke of Cumberland to shoot a wounded Highlander by stating that his honour was worth more than his commission. This act may have been a cause for his later popularity among the Royal Highland Fusiliers, whom he would later command. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

==Page 313==
'''the White People... Eden'''<br>
Cf. the White City in Against the Day and especially the 'reality' revealed around the White City with the 'reality' adumbrated in this whole paragraph as well.

'''front of the Arras'''<br>
Arras (Dutch: Atrecht) is the capital of the Pas-de-Calais department in northern France... The ownership of the town was, however, repeatedly disputed along with the rest of Artois. During the Middle Ages, possession of Arras passed to a variety of feudal rulers and fiefs, including the County of Flanders, the Duchy of Burgundy, the Spanish branch of the House of Habsburg and the French crown. The town was the site of the Congress of Arras in 1435, an unsuccessful attempt to end the Hundred Years' War that resulted in the Burgundians breaking their alliance with the English. After the death of Duke Charles the Bold of Burgundy in 1477, King Louis XI of France took control of Arras but the town's inhabitants, still loyal to the Burgundians, expelled the French. This prompted Louis XI to besiege Arras in person and, after taking it by assault, he had the town's walls razed and its inhabitants expelled, to be replaced by more loyal subjects from other parts of France. In a bid to erase the town's identity completely, Louis renamed it temporarily to Franchise. In 1482, the Peace of Arras was signed in the town to end a war between Louis XI and Maximilian I of Austria; ten years later, the town was ceded to Maximilian and was bequeathed to the Spanish Habsburgs as part of the Spanish Netherlands. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arras WIKI]<br>
More to the point, though, is probably the Arras behind which Polonius hides in Act III, Scene IV of Shakespeare's play. Saying, "How now? a rat?", Hamlet stabs him through the arras.

'''hydraulick Looms'''<br>
See Pynchon's essay [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite''] for more on this topic.

'''expell'd from Paradise by Wolfe and his Regiment'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

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'''Eagres'''<br />
107; tideal bore in a river, now esp. that of the river Trent.
A tidal bore is a steep-fronted wave caused by the meeting of two tides
or by the constriction of a spring tide as it passes up an estuary.

'''Earth'''<br />
602

<div id="eic"></div>'''East India Company'''<br />
139; aka [[J#john|John Company]]; 252; 270; 479; 539; [[East India Company|MORE]]; [http://www.theeastindiacompany.com E.I.C. Website]

'''Ecole de Piraterie'''<br />
27; French: School of Piracy

'''[[Edges in Mason & Dixon|EDGES]]'''

<div id="Edgewise"></div>'''Edgewise, Mr. & Mrs.'''<br />
353

'''E-do'''<br />
432; what Tokyo was called in the 18th century

'''Eggslap, Mrs.'''<br />
455; extortionist cook on M-D Line and Stig's lover; 546; 614

'''Ehud'''<br />
454; on M-D Line crew

'''E.I.C.'''<br />
''See'' [[#eic|East India Company]]

'''''Elan'', or ''Esprit'''''<br />
27; these are the names of two cars manufactured by Lotus, in Great Britain

'''Eldritch Powers'''<br />
498; Weird, occult, or magical powers (derived from ''elfriche'': fairylande)

'''Elect Cohens'''<br /> 358; "Cohen" is the Hebrew word for priest. Much of the [[Book of Leviticus|book of Leviticus]] is devoted to spelling out their duties. As for the "Elect Cohens of Paris," they were an 18th century Masonic group. All of the Cohens are "elect" in the sense that God chose them for his priests; 485; 612

'''Electricity'''<br />
307

'''Electrophiles'''<br />
295

<div id="eleven"></div>'''Eleven Missing Days'''<br />
190; Reference to a the days skipped when the English finally adopted the Gregorian calendar.The Gregorian calendar, a modification of the Julian, introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII and at first adopted by only Catholic countries, was not adopted in England until 1752. It is the present calendar system which removed the leap year three times every four hundred years from the Julian calendar. It does a better job at keeping the summer solstice on June 21st. By 1752 England and the eastern part of America was finding that the summer solstice arrived on June 10th hence the need for an eleven day addition; Schizochronic year of '52, 192; Calendar Reform of '52, 554-55; 603; 629; ''See also'' [[N#newstyle|New Style]]. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar WIKI].

'''Elijah'''<br />
297; "the Swamper"

'''Eliza'''<br />
529; ''See'' [[F#eliza|Fields, Eliza]]

'''Elkton'''<br />
390; where Dimdown runs clandestine printing press

'''Ellicott Clock'''<br />
121

<div id="El Peligroso"></div>'''El Peligroso (El P)'''<br />
Alternate name for [[F#Felipe | Felipe]], the electric eel ([[T#Torpedo | Torpedo]]), [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Page_431| 431]]

'''Elsinore, Battlements of'''<br />
545; opening location of Hamlet, where the ghost of Hamlet's father appears

'''Elytra'''<br />
88

'''Emerson, William (1701-82)'''

:There was living at that time at the village of Hurworth, a few miles from Darlington, an eccentric character, William Emerson, whose unconventionality in dress and manners were rather at variance with the fact that he was a man of education with considerable knowledge of mathematics and physics. ... Jeremiah was brought to notice by someone named Emerson who was probably this man; that he was summoned to the Woolwich academy for examination and evidently satisfied his examiners, for they asked him, "Were you at Oxford or Cambridge?" "Neither," he said. "Well then, where did you get your knowledge of astronomy?" "In my pit-cabin at Cockfield Fell," he replied, meaning doubtless in the office at his father's colliery where he was then engaged in some capacity above ground. <ref>"Jeremiah Dixon and his Brother", by H.P. Hollis, ''Journal of the British Astronomy Association'', v44, n8, June 1934, pp 294-9</ref>

17; Dixon's "old teacher"; Mr. Emerson was a real person, a minor mathematician and scientist of his day who wrote about a dozen scientific books and texts and whom Jeremiah Dixon did in fact know personally. Emerson's mystickal nature may be a Pynchon invention; 73; 98; 215; 251; 268; 317; 318; 423; coat, 500; 556; of Hurworth, 568; 709; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_%28mathematician%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Encyclopédie'''<br />
389; 18th century French encyclopaedia that was the creation of the Philosophes, who were dedicated to the spirit of the Enlightenment, i.e., open-mindedness, secular thought and the advancement of science; Encyclopaedists, 359; ''Encyclopédistes'', 546

<div id="enochbrownschool"></div>'''Enoch Brown School Massacre'''<br />
An incident during Pontiac's Rebellion. On July 26, 1764 four Delaware (Lenape) American Indian warriors entered a log schoolhouse of white settlers in what is now Franklin County, Pennsylvania, near present Greencastle. Inside the schoolhouse were schoolmaster Enoch Brown and twelve students. Brown pleaded with the warriors to spare the children before being shot and later scalped. The warriors then began to tomahawk and scalp the children. Nine children were killed and two children who had been scalped survived. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_Brown_School_Massacre WIKI] See also [[b#blackboys|The Black Boys]]

[[Chapter_52:_499-510|499]];

'''Ensign Cheer'''<br />
477; a sarcastic reference to Mason's pessimism

<div id="wheel"></div>'''E-O Wheel'''<br />
421; E-O: "Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Ephemeris'''<br />
765; a table showing the assigned places of a celestial body for regular
intervals, used often in Astrology

'''Epictetus (c.55-c.135)'''<br />
30; a Roman slave later exiled to Nicopolis in Greece, was one of the leading Stoics. Stoicism is a moral doctrine which holds that human beings must conform themselves to the ways of the universe. The Stoics believed that human beings have no control over external events and that the only thing in a person's power is that person's response to events or outlook.

'''Epiphany'''<br />
760; January 6, in commemoration of the coming of the Magi as the first
manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles

'''Epsilonics'''<br />
138; Epsilons, 482 - the study of calculus

'''Eratosthenes (276-197 BC)'''<br />
574; Greek astronomer who measured how the Earth curved between two cities in Egypt, and used basic goemetry to calculate the distance around the Earth (its circumference).
He also kept a table of star locations and contributed to the field of mathematics. He found a method of finding all the prime numbers.

'''Erin, Daughter of'''<br />
571; Erin = Ireland; an Irish girl

'''Escombe'''<br />
634; town in South Africa, in Queensburg

'''Etesian'''<br />
77; occurring every summer, cf French l'été: summer

<div id="ethelmer"></div>'''Ethelmer'''<br />
30; son of Ives LeSpark and nephew of J. Wade LeSpark; the prefix "Ethel-" or "Aethel-" (early German: "noble") in names was fairly common in Britain in the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Middle Ages]], e.g. "Aethelmaer" (or "Ethelmer"), "Aethelmund," "Aethelred"; for example, the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicles'' (9-12th c.) includes an alderman named Ethelmer who died in AD 982, and a Wiccian alderman, Ethelmund, in AD 800; or [[Ethelmer|check this out!]]; "the University man" 260

'''Eucharist'''<br />
404; Holy communion which symbolizes Christ's body transsubstantiating into
bread, his blood into wine; Doctrine of Transsubstantiation, 404;

'''Euclid (c.330-c.275 BC)'''<br />
294; Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians; 337; 484; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid Wikipedia]

'''Euler, Leonhard (1707-83)'''<br />
220; Hugely influential Swiss mathematician (studied under [[B#bernoulli|Bernoulli]]) before mathematics was treated as a separate discipline; extended Newtonian mechanics to hydrodynamics; three-body problem; Euler-Langrange equations of mechanics and the calculus of variations; calculus, differential equations, complex analysis.

'''Euphrenia, Aunt'''<br />
103; Wicks Cherrycoke's sister

'''Euphroes'''<br />
25; Euphroe is a nautical term for block of wood with holes in it, part of a crowfoot; derived from German ''Jungfrau'' ("young woman" or "mistress") or, still more likely, Dutch ''juffrouw'' = miss; 54

<div id="eurydice"></div>'''Eurydice'''<br />
147; wife of Orpheus; 207; "like Eurydice, somehow to be redeem'd" 555; ''See'' [[O#orpheus|Orpheus]]

'''Everybeet, Joseph'''<br />
442; Quartz-scryer; 547

'''Ewing, Mr.'''<br />
773

'''Exodus 3:14'''<br />
486 (1st printing has Exodus 4:14, later ones correct this); ''See'' [[B#bible|Bible]]

<div id="extra"></div>'''extraterrestrials'''<br />
219; "distant Onlookers"; "Winters, long and Mortal and soon enough productive of Visitants from beneath the Ice" 531; "the transport of some unseen Influence" 547; Guardians, 662; "powerful Strangers" 649; "Others who are absent, pending their Return" 656; "Now and then, very much closer to the Earth, [Mason] begins to see Lights, moving, flickering, soon gone. [...] "They are going their Way, as we go ours." 724; "These Apparitions in the Sky, we never observe but in Motion, [...] Once safely part of the Night Sky, they may hang there at their Pleasure" 726

'''Ezekiel'''<br />
400

===References===
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

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'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
309; a Scottish soldier who came to America; he was Commander-in-Chief of the British-American forces when he led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755, where he was ambushed and slain; George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat; 330; 501; his Vistoe, 613; 697; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

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'''Eagres'''<br />
107; tideal bore in a river, now esp. that of the river Trent.
A tidal bore is a steep-fronted wave caused by the meeting of two tides
or by the constriction of a spring tide as it passes up an estuary.

'''Earth'''<br />
602

<div id="eic"></div>'''East India Company'''<br />
139; aka [[J#john|John Company]]; 252; 270; 479; 539; [[East India Company|MORE]]; [http://www.theeastindiacompany.com E.I.C. Website]

'''Ecole de Piraterie'''<br />
27; French: School of Piracy

'''[[Edges in Mason & Dixon|EDGES]]'''

<div id="Edgewise"></div>'''Edgewise, Mr. & Mrs.'''<br />
353

'''E-do'''<br />
432; what Tokyo was called in the 18th century

'''Eggslap, Mrs.'''<br />
455; extortionist cook on M-D Line and Stig's lover; 546; 614

'''Ehud'''<br />
454; on M-D Line crew

'''E.I.C.'''<br />
''See'' [[#eic|East India Company]]

'''''Elan'', or ''Esprit'''''<br />
27; these are the names of two cars manufactured by Lotus, in Great Britain

'''Eldritch Powers'''<br />
498; Weird, occult, or magical powers (derived from ''elfriche'': fairylande)

'''Elect Cohens'''<br /> 358; "Cohen" is the Hebrew word for priest. Much of the [[Book of Leviticus|book of Leviticus]] is devoted to spelling out their duties. As for the "Elect Cohens of Paris," they were an 18th century Masonic group. All of the Cohens are "elect" in the sense that God chose them for his priests; 485; 612

'''Electricity'''<br />
307

'''Electrophiles'''<br />
295

<div id="eleven"></div>'''Eleven Missing Days'''<br />
190; Reference to a the days skipped when the English finally adopted the Gregorian calendar.The Gregorian calendar, a modification of the Julian, introduced in 1582 by Pope Gregory XIII and at first adopted by only Catholic countries, was not adopted in England until 1752. It is the present calendar system which removed the leap year three times every four hundred years from the Julian calendar. It does a better job at keeping the summer solstice on June 21st. By 1752 England and the eastern part of America was finding that the summer solstice arrived on June 10th hence the need for an eleven day addition; Schizochronic year of '52, 192; Calendar Reform of '52, 554-55; 603; 629; ''See also'' [[N#newstyle|New Style]]. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregorian_calendar WIKI].

'''Elijah'''<br />
297; "the Swamper"

'''Eliza'''<br />
529; ''See'' [[F#eliza|Fields, Eliza]]

'''Elkton'''<br />
390; where Dimdown runs clandestine printing press

'''Ellicott Clock'''<br />
121

<div id="El Peligroso"></div>'''El Peligroso (El P)'''<br />
Alternate name for [[F#Felipe | Felipe]], the electric eel ([[T#Torpedo | Torpedo]]), [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Page_431| 431]]

'''Elsinore, Battlements of'''<br />
545; opening location of Hamlet, where the ghost of Hamlet's father appears

'''Elytra'''<br />
88

'''Emerson, William (1701-82)'''

:There was living at that time at the village of Hurworth, a few miles from Darlington, an eccentric character, William Emerson, whose unconventionality in dress and manners were rather at variance with the fact that he was a man of education with considerable knowledge of mathematics and physics. ... Jeremiah was brought to notice by someone named Emerson who was probably this man; that he was summoned to the Woolwich academy for examination and evidently satisfied his examiners, for they asked him, "Were you at Oxford or Cambridge?" "Neither," he said. "Well then, where did you get your knowledge of astronomy?" "In my pit-cabin at Cockfield Fell," he replied, meaning doubtless in the office at his father's colliery where he was then engaged in some capacity above ground. <ref>"Jeremiah Dixon and his Brother", by H.P. Hollis, ''Journal of the British Astronomy Association'', v44, n8, June 1934, pp 294-9</ref>

17; Dixon's "old teacher"; Mr. Emerson was a real person, a minor mathematician and scientist of his day who wrote about a dozen scientific books and texts and whom Jeremiah Dixon did in fact know personally. Emerson's mystickal nature may be a Pynchon invention; 73; 98; 215; 251; 268; 317; 318; 423; coat, 500; 556; of Hurworth, 568; 709; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_%28mathematician%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Encyclopédie'''<br />
389; 18th century French encyclopaedia that was the creation of the Philosophes, who were dedicated to the spirit of the Enlightenment, i.e., open-mindedness, secular thought and the advancement of science; Encyclopaedists, 359; ''Encyclopédistes'', 546

<div id="enochbrownschool"></div>'''Enoch Brown School Massacre'''<br />
The Pontiac's Rebellion school massacre was an incident during Pontiac's Rebellion. On July 26, 1764 four Delaware (Lenape) American Indian warriors entered a log schoolhouse of white settlers in what is now Franklin County, Pennsylvania, near present Greencastle. Inside the schoolhouse were schoolmaster Enoch Brown and twelve students. Brown pleaded with the warriors to spare the children before being shot and later scalped. The warriors then began to tomahawk and scalp the children. Nine children were killed and two children who had been scalped survived. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enoch_Brown_School_Massacre WIKI]

[[Chapter_52:_499-510|499]];

'''Ensign Cheer'''<br />
477; a sarcastic reference to Mason's pessimism

<div id="wheel"></div>'''E-O Wheel'''<br />
421; E-O: "Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Ephemeris'''<br />
765; a table showing the assigned places of a celestial body for regular
intervals, used often in Astrology

'''Epictetus (c.55-c.135)'''<br />
30; a Roman slave later exiled to Nicopolis in Greece, was one of the leading Stoics. Stoicism is a moral doctrine which holds that human beings must conform themselves to the ways of the universe. The Stoics believed that human beings have no control over external events and that the only thing in a person's power is that person's response to events or outlook.

'''Epiphany'''<br />
760; January 6, in commemoration of the coming of the Magi as the first
manifestation of Christ to the Gentiles

'''Epsilonics'''<br />
138; Epsilons, 482 - the study of calculus

'''Eratosthenes (276-197 BC)'''<br />
574; Greek astronomer who measured how the Earth curved between two cities in Egypt, and used basic goemetry to calculate the distance around the Earth (its circumference).
He also kept a table of star locations and contributed to the field of mathematics. He found a method of finding all the prime numbers.

'''Erin, Daughter of'''<br />
571; Erin = Ireland; an Irish girl

'''Escombe'''<br />
634; town in South Africa, in Queensburg

'''Etesian'''<br />
77; occurring every summer, cf French l'été: summer

<div id="ethelmer"></div>'''Ethelmer'''<br />
30; son of Ives LeSpark and nephew of J. Wade LeSpark; the prefix "Ethel-" or "Aethel-" (early German: "noble") in names was fairly common in Britain in the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Middle Ages]], e.g. "Aethelmaer" (or "Ethelmer"), "Aethelmund," "Aethelred"; for example, the ''Anglo-Saxon Chronicles'' (9-12th c.) includes an alderman named Ethelmer who died in AD 982, and a Wiccian alderman, Ethelmund, in AD 800; or [[Ethelmer|check this out!]]; "the University man" 260

'''Eucharist'''<br />
404; Holy communion which symbolizes Christ's body transsubstantiating into
bread, his blood into wine; Doctrine of Transsubstantiation, 404;

'''Euclid (c.330-c.275 BC)'''<br />
294; Euclid is one of the most influential and best read mathematician of all time. His prize work, Elements, was the textbook of elementary geometry and logic up to the early twentieth century. For his work in the field, he is known as the father of geometry and is considered one of the great Greek mathematicians; 337; 484; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euclid Wikipedia]

'''Euler, Leonhard (1707-83)'''<br />
220; Hugely influential Swiss mathematician (studied under [[B#bernoulli|Bernoulli]]) before mathematics was treated as a separate discipline; extended Newtonian mechanics to hydrodynamics; three-body problem; Euler-Langrange equations of mechanics and the calculus of variations; calculus, differential equations, complex analysis.

'''Euphrenia, Aunt'''<br />
103; Wicks Cherrycoke's sister

'''Euphroes'''<br />
25; Euphroe is a nautical term for block of wood with holes in it, part of a crowfoot; derived from German ''Jungfrau'' ("young woman" or "mistress") or, still more likely, Dutch ''juffrouw'' = miss; 54

<div id="eurydice"></div>'''Eurydice'''<br />
147; wife of Orpheus; 207; "like Eurydice, somehow to be redeem'd" 555; ''See'' [[O#orpheus|Orpheus]]

'''Everybeet, Joseph'''<br />
442; Quartz-scryer; 547

'''Ewing, Mr.'''<br />
773

'''Exodus 3:14'''<br />
486 (1st printing has Exodus 4:14, later ones correct this); ''See'' [[B#bible|Bible]]

<div id="extra"></div>'''extraterrestrials'''<br />
219; "distant Onlookers"; "Winters, long and Mortal and soon enough productive of Visitants from beneath the Ice" 531; "the transport of some unseen Influence" 547; Guardians, 662; "powerful Strangers" 649; "Others who are absent, pending their Return" 656; "Now and then, very much closer to the Earth, [Mason] begins to see Lights, moving, flickering, soon gone. [...] "They are going their Way, as we go ours." 724; "These Apparitions in the Sky, we never observe but in Motion, [...] Once safely part of the Night Sky, they may hang there at their Pleasure" 726

'''Ezekiel'''<br />
400

===References===
<references/>

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__TOC__

==Page 499==
'''Conococheague'''<br>
Conococheague Creek, a tributary of the Potomac River, is a free-flowing stream that originates in Pennsylvania and empties into the Potomac River near Williamsport, Maryland. It is approximately 80 miles (130 km) in length, with 58 miles (93 km) in Pennsylvania and 22 miles (35 km) in Maryland. The watershed of Conococheague Creek has an area of approximately 566 square miles (1,470 km2), out of which only 65 square miles (170 km2) (12% of the area) are in Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conococheague_Creek WIKI]

'''that burn'd and bloodied little huddle of Cabins'''<br>
Fairly certain this section is referring to the [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]]

'''Lancaster as a scene of horror'''<br>

'''Capt. Evan Shelby'''<br>
See [[s#shelby|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 500==
'''"Of course 'tis back-to front"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''Grub-Street'''<br>
Until the early 19th century, Grub Street was a street close to London's impoverished Moorfields district that ran from Fore Street east of St Giles-without-Cripplegate north to Chiswell Street. Famous for its concentration of impoverished 'hack writers', aspiring poets, and low-end publishers and booksellers, Grub Street existed on the margins of London's journalistic and literary scene. It was pierced along its length with narrow entrances to alleys and courts, many of which retained the names of early signboards. Its bohemian society was set amidst the impoverished neighbourhood's low-rent flophouses, brothels, and coffeehouses. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grub_street WIKI]

==Page 501==
'''Squall-clouds'''<br>
The term "squall" is universally used to refer to a sudden wind-speed increase, both historically and in the present day. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squall WIKI]

'''"Then they began with the Bagpipes."... Wolfe'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

'''Braddock'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

'''Bap'''<br>
Bap (often a larger soft roll, roughly 5-6 inches in diameter). Dough can contain fats such as lard or butter to provide tenderness to dough. Can come in multiple shapes dependent on region. Baps as traditionally made in Scotland are not sweet, unlike the Irish version which may contain currants. The 9th Edition of the Concise Oxford Dictionary (1995) says that the word "bap" dates from the 16th century and that its origin is unknown. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bap_(bread) WIKI]

'''"when in 'fifty-six"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 502==
'''"Been out upon the Pavement m'self... Tyne Keelmen, back in 'fifty."'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_244 244].

'''Slad Brook'''<br>
Slad is a village in Gloucestershire, England, located in the Slad Valley, about 2 miles from the town of Stroud. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slad WIKI]

==Page 503==
'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br>
All other things being equal

'''"back in 'fifty-six... Clothiers leaping from the Upstairs windows"'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_198 198].

==Page 504==
'''Rum affliction'''<br>
Rum: (British, colloquial) Strange, peculiar. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rum#Adjective WIKI]

'''Bisley Parish'''<br>
Bisley-with-Lypiatt is a civil parish in the Stroud district of Gloucestershire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley-with-Lypiatt WIKI]

'''Sapperton Church'''<br>
Where Rebekah Mason was buried.

Sapperton is a village and civil parish in the Cotswold district of Gloucestershire, located 4.7 miles west of Cirencester. It is most famous for Sapperton canal tunnel and its connection with the Cotswold Arts and Crafts Movement in the early 20th century. The parish includes the villages of Sapperton and Frampton Mansell. The outlying hamlet of Daneway lies in the parish of Bisley, but is nearer to the village of Sapperton and often considered a part of it. Sapperton is listed in the Domesday Book as 'Sapleton'. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sapperton,_Gloucestershire WIKI]

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br>
Cockfield Fell was one of the earliest Landsale collieries in Durham. Richard II granted to the inhabitants of Durham licence to export the produce of the mines, the majority being transported from the Port of Sunderland complex which was constructed in the 1850s. The port was the largest in Durham and the fourth biggest in Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/County_Durham WIKI]

'''"''You can get above it''... above Distance, above Time itself"'''<br>
A foreshadowing of an overarching thematic plotline of ATD, the Chums of Chance throughline? Notice the line about apprehending "all at once the plexity of possible journeys", which seems to be a clue to some meanings of ATD thru the Chums.

'''''Aides-memoires'''''<br>
Memory aids

==Page 505==
'''Relievo'''<br>
A relief is a sculptured artwork where a modelled form is raised, or, in a sunken-relief, lowered, from a plane from which the main elements of the composition project (or sink). Reliefs are common throughout the world, for example on the walls of monumental buildings. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relief WIKI]

'''book upon Navigation'''<br>
Reference to Emerson's book, ''A Treatise of Navigation'' (1755).

'''Hob Headless'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215].

'''Old Hell-Cat of Raby... Elizabeth, Lady Barnard'''<br>
Elizabeth, Lady Barnard (formerly Elizabeth Nash, née Elizabeth Hall) (baptised 21 February 1608 - 17 February 1670) was the granddaughter of the famous English poet and playwright William Shakespeare, and was also his last descendant. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth_Barnard WIKI]

'''Lamentations of Jeremiah'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_24:_238-245#Page_240 240].

==Page 506==
'''Counter-scarps'''<br>
A scarp and a counterscarp are the inner and outer sides of a ditch used in fortifications. In permanent fortifications the scarp and counterscarp may be encased in stone. In less permanent fortifications, the counterscarp may be lined with paling fence set at an angle so as to give no cover to the attackers but to make advancing and retreating more difficult. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Counterscarp WIKI]

'''Machicolations'''<br>
A machicolation is a floor opening between the supporting corbels of a battlement, through which stones could be dropped on attackers at the base of a defensive wall. The design was developed in the Middle Ages when the Norman crusaders returned. A machicolated battlement projects outwards from the supporting wall in order to facilitate this. A hoarding is a similar structure made of wood, usually temporarily constructed in the event of a siege. Advantages of machicolations over wooden hoardings include the greater strength of stone battlements, as well as the fireproof properties. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machicolations WIKI]

'''Arabs'''<br>
The Arabian or Arab horse (arabic: فرس ) is a breed of horse that originated in the Middle East. With a distinctive head shape and high tail carriage, the Arabian is one of the most easily recognizable horse breeds in the world. It is one of the oldest horse breeds, with archaeological evidence of horses that resemble modern Arabians dating back 4,500 years. Throughout history, Arabian horses from the Middle East spread around the world by both war and trade, used to improve other breeds by adding speed, refinement, endurance, and strong bone. Today, Arabian bloodlines are found in almost every modern breed of riding horse. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arab_horse WIKI]

==Page 507==
'''Hurworth'''<br>
Hurworth-on-Tees is a village in the borough of Darlington, within the ceremonial county of County Durham, England. It is situated to the south of Darlington, next to the meeting point of the River Skerne and River Tees. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurworth WIKI]

'''''pari passu'''''<br>
Part and parcel

'''Castle Lepton'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_410 410].

==Page 509==
'''rustick Monteith'''<br>
Monteith: A bowl used for the cooling of wine glasses. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/monteith WIKI]

'''Osnabrigs'''<br>
Osnaburg was a coarse type of plain textile fabric, named for the city of Osnabrück (from which it may have been first imported into English-speaking countries). Originally made from flax yarns, it has been made from either flax, tow or jute yarns, sometimes flax or tow warp with mixed or jute weft, and often entirely of jute. The finer and better qualities form a kind of common sheeting, and the various kinds may contain from 20 to 36 threads per inch and 10 to 15 picks per inch. It began to be woven in Scotland as an imitation from a German import of a coarse lint or tow-based linen cloth in the later 1730s. It quickly became the most important variety in East-Central Scotland. Sales quadrupled, from 0.5 million yards in 1747 to 2.2 million yards in 1758. It was exported mainly to England, the Netherlands and Britain's colonies in America, and some rough fabrics were called "osnaburg" as late as the mid-twentieth century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osnaburg WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

S

2012-12-05T16:28:05Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Sacques'''<br />
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)'''<br />
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux'''<br />
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry'''<br />
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena'''<br />
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133 [http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's'''<br />
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas'''<br />
352

'''St. Omer'''<br />
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter'''<br />
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)'''<br />
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes'''''<br />
55;

'''Sally Lunn'''<br />
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand'''<br />
669

'''Sandy Bay'''<br />
127; 159

'''Sapperton'''<br />
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95'''<br />
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain'''<br />
683

'''''Scamozz'''''<br />
260;

'''Scanderoon'''<br />
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick'''<br />
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion'''<br />
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag'''''<br />
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill'''<br />
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders'''<br />
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia'''<br />
571;

'''''Scotismus'''''<br />
596

'''Scriblerian'''<br />
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret'''<br />
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse'''''<br />
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal'''<br />
485

'''Seaton Prize'''<br />
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector'''<br />
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim'''<br />
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca'''<br />
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count'''''<br />
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.'''<br />
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler'''<br />
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)'''<br />
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour'''<br />
112

'''''Sha'''''<br />
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William'''<br />
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles'''<br />
289; abattoir

'''Shantung'''<br />
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio'''<br />
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of'''<br />
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese'''<br />
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)'''<br />
497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. Would later be involved in the first Invasions of the Chickamauga Towns. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792).

[[Chapter_52:_499-510|498]]; 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat'''<br />
575

'''Shelton, Mr.'''<br />
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin'''''<br />
485

'''Shippen, Mr.'''<br />
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy'''<br />
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg'''<br />
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle'''<br />
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel'''<br />
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.'''<br />
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty'''<br />
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla'''<br />
162;

'''Sideling Hill'''<br />
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill'''<br />
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John'''<br />
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius'''<br />
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson'''<br />
119;

'''Six Nations'''<br />
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the'''<br />
565

'''Sizer'''<br />
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon'''<br />
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings'''<br />
633

'''Slad'''<br />
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery'''<br />
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.'''<br />
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe'''<br />
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)'''<br />
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord'''<br />
281;

'''Smith, Captain John'''<br />
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt'''<br />
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam'''<br />
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak'''<br />
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake'''<br />
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh'''<br />
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri'''<br />
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter'''<br />
566

'''Snowball, Billy'''<br />
503

'''Snow, Mr.'''<br />
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year'''<br />
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"'''<br />
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus'''<br />
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray'''<br />
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates'''<br />
283;

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br />
564; 570

'''Soubrette'''<br />
419

'''Soupçon de Trop'''<br />
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

<div id="southmountain"></div>'''South Mountain'''<br />
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south, to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile (110 km) long range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and part of its portion in Pennsylvania. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania) WIKI]
478; [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_486|486]]; 491;

'''Spadger'''<br />
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS'''<br />
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor'''<br />
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.'''<br />
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy'''<br />
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line'''<br />
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.'''<br />
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church'''<br />
233;

'''Staithes'''<br />
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act'''<br />
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek'''<br />
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross'''<br />
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire'''<br />
233;

'''Steed'''<br />
577

'''Stephens'''<br />
32;

'''Stepney'''<br />
195;

'''Sterloop'''<br />
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend'''<br />
305;

'''Stichomythia'''<br />
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig'''<br />
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs'''<br />
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund'''<br />
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge'''<br />
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)'''<br />
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50'''<br />
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud'''<br />
167; 197; Wolfe's Men arrive, 312; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart'''<br />
551

'''Stuart Charters'''<br />
226;

'''Stukeleyesque'''<br />
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx'''<br />
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum'''''<br />
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.'''<br />
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws'''<br />
148; <br />

'''SURFACE''':<br />
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying'''<br />
460-61

'''Sutton Pool'''<br />
50;

'''Svånssen'''<br />
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts'''<br />
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.'''<br />
192; in The George

'''Sybil'''<br />
591

'''Syncope'''<br />
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa'''<br />
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of'''<br />
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

S

2012-12-05T16:27:25Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Sacques'''<br />
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)'''<br />
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux'''<br />
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry'''<br />
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena'''<br />
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133 [http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's'''<br />
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas'''<br />
352

'''St. Omer'''<br />
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter'''<br />
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)'''<br />
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes'''''<br />
55;

'''Sally Lunn'''<br />
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand'''<br />
669

'''Sandy Bay'''<br />
127; 159

'''Sapperton'''<br />
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95'''<br />
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain'''<br />
683

'''''Scamozz'''''<br />
260;

'''Scanderoon'''<br />
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick'''<br />
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion'''<br />
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag'''''<br />
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill'''<br />
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders'''<br />
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia'''<br />
571;

'''''Scotismus'''''<br />
596

'''Scriblerian'''<br />
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret'''<br />
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse'''''<br />
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal'''<br />
485

'''Seaton Prize'''<br />
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector'''<br />
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim'''<br />
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca'''<br />
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count'''''<br />
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.'''<br />
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler'''<br />
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)'''<br />
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour'''<br />
112

'''''Sha'''''<br />
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William'''<br />
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles'''<br />
289; abattoir

'''Shantung'''<br />
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio'''<br />
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of'''<br />
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese'''<br />
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)'''<br />
497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. Would later be involved in the first Invasions of the Chickamauga Towns. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792);
[[Chapter_52:_499-510|498]]; 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat'''<br />
575

'''Shelton, Mr.'''<br />
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin'''''<br />
485

'''Shippen, Mr.'''<br />
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy'''<br />
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg'''<br />
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle'''<br />
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel'''<br />
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.'''<br />
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty'''<br />
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla'''<br />
162;

'''Sideling Hill'''<br />
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill'''<br />
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John'''<br />
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius'''<br />
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson'''<br />
119;

'''Six Nations'''<br />
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the'''<br />
565

'''Sizer'''<br />
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon'''<br />
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings'''<br />
633

'''Slad'''<br />
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery'''<br />
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.'''<br />
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe'''<br />
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)'''<br />
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord'''<br />
281;

'''Smith, Captain John'''<br />
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt'''<br />
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam'''<br />
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak'''<br />
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake'''<br />
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh'''<br />
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri'''<br />
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter'''<br />
566

'''Snowball, Billy'''<br />
503

'''Snow, Mr.'''<br />
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year'''<br />
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"'''<br />
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus'''<br />
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray'''<br />
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates'''<br />
283;

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br />
564; 570

'''Soubrette'''<br />
419

'''Soupçon de Trop'''<br />
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

<div id="southmountain"></div>'''South Mountain'''<br />
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south, to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile (110 km) long range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and part of its portion in Pennsylvania. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania) WIKI]
478; [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_486|486]]; 491;

'''Spadger'''<br />
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS'''<br />
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor'''<br />
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.'''<br />
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy'''<br />
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line'''<br />
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.'''<br />
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church'''<br />
233;

'''Staithes'''<br />
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act'''<br />
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek'''<br />
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross'''<br />
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire'''<br />
233;

'''Steed'''<br />
577

'''Stephens'''<br />
32;

'''Stepney'''<br />
195;

'''Sterloop'''<br />
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend'''<br />
305;

'''Stichomythia'''<br />
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig'''<br />
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs'''<br />
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund'''<br />
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge'''<br />
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)'''<br />
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50'''<br />
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud'''<br />
167; 197; Wolfe's Men arrive, 312; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart'''<br />
551

'''Stuart Charters'''<br />
226;

'''Stukeleyesque'''<br />
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx'''<br />
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum'''''<br />
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.'''<br />
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws'''<br />
148; <br />

'''SURFACE''':<br />
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying'''<br />
460-61

'''Sutton Pool'''<br />
50;

'''Svånssen'''<br />
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts'''<br />
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.'''<br />
192; in The George

'''Sybil'''<br />
591

'''Syncope'''<br />
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa'''<br />
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of'''<br />
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

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==Page 391==
'''Squire Haligast predicts an end...'''<br>
Which indeed does seem to be what happens; see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_38:_382-390#Page_389 389], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366].

'''mephitic'''<br>
of, relating to, or resembling mephitis : foul-smelling <mephitic vapors>

==Page 392==
'''Henry the Eighth'''<br>
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Henry VIII was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy. Although in the great part of his reign he brutally suppressed the influence of the Protestant Reformation in England, a movement having some roots with John Wycliffe in the 14th century, he is more popularly known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_eighth WIKI]

==Page 393==
'''Annapolis'''<br>
Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, 26 miles (42 km) south of Baltimore and about 29 miles (47 km) east of Washington D.C. Annapolis is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The city was the temporary capital of the United States in 1783–1784. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis WIKI]

'''York'''<br>
York, Pennsylvania is one of many cities that lay claim to the title of First Capital of the United States, although historians generally consider it to be the fourth capital, after Philadelphia, Baltimore and Lancaster. The claim arises from the assertion that the Articles of Confederation was the first legal document to refer to the colonies as "the United States of America". The argument depends on whether the Declaration of Independence, which also uses the term, would be considered a true legal document of the United States, being drafted under and in opposition to British rule. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_pa WIKI]

'''Baltimore'''<br>
The Maryland colonial General Assembly created the Port of Baltimore at Locust Point in 1706 for the tobacco trade. The Town of Baltimore was founded on July 30, 1729, and is named after Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert), who was the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. Cecilius Calvert was a son of George Calvert, who became the First Lord Baltimore of County Cork, Ireland in 1625. Baltimore grew swiftly in the 18th century as a granary for sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean. The profit from sugar encouraged the cultivation of cane and the importation of food. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore WIKI]

'''Calvert Connections'''<br>
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301]

'''Hogsheads of Tobacco'''<br>
A tobacco hogshead was used in American colonial times to transport and store tobacco. It was a very large wooden barrel. A standardized hogshead measured 48 inches (1220 mm) long and 30 inches (760 mm) in diameter at the head (at least 550 L, depending on the width in the middle). Fully packed with tobacco, it weighed about 1000 pounds (450 kg). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogshead WIKI]

==Page 394==
'''my own ''Surveillor'' might be secreted anywhere'''<br>
Armand is crossing into some Kafkaesque territory here...

'''Williamsburg'''<br>
Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the independent city of Williamsburg, Virginia. It consists of many of the buildings that, from 1699 to 1780, formed colonial Virginia's capital. The capital straddled the boundary of two of the original shires of Virginia, James City Shire (now James City County), and Charles River Shire (now York County). For most of the 18th century, Williamsburg was the center of government, education and culture in the Colony of Virginia. It was here that Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, James Madison, George Wythe, Peyton Randolph, and dozens more helped mold democracy in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg WIKI]

Williamsburg is now also the place where you will hear this phrase more times than you can count: "This isnt the original... but this is the way that it would have looked."

'''Glasgow'''<br>
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect. Glasgow grew from the medieval Bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow, which contributed to the Scottish Enlightenment. From the 18th century the city became one of Europe's main hubs of transatlantic trade with the Americas. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow WIKI]

==Page 395==
'''The Stamp Act'''<br>
The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. 12) was a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies carry a tax stamp. These printed materials were legal documents, magazines, newspapers and practically all forms of paper used throughout the colonies. Like previous taxes, the Stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not in colonial paper money. The purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America following the British victory in the Seven Years' War. The British government felt that the colonies were the primary beneficiaries of this military presence, and should pay at least a portion of the expense. The Stamp Act met with great resistance in the colonies. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765 WIKI]

'''western Black-Boy'''<br>
See [[b#blackboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

'''May Session of the Burgesses'''<br>
The Virginia House of Burgesses was the elected lower house in the legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. Over time, the name came to represent the entire official legislative body of the Colony of Virginia, and later, after the American Revolution, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Burgesses WIKI]

'''Mr. Patrick Henry'''<br>
Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799)[1] served as the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779. A prominent figure in the American Revolution, Henry is known and remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech, and as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Along with Samuel Adams and Thomas Paine, he is remembered as one of the most influential (and radical) advocates of the American Revolution and republicanism, especially in his denunciations of corruption in government officials and his defense of historic rights. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_henry WIKI]

<div id="VirginiaResolutions"></div>'''Virginia Resolutions'''<br>
See [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V#VirginiaResolves Alphabetical Entry]

'''Raleigh's Tavern'''<br>
Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virginia, gained some fame in the pre-Revolutionary War Colony of Virginia as a gathering place for the Burgesses after several Royal Governors officially dissolved the House of Burgesses, the elected legislative body, when their actions did not suit the Crown. Such dissension became more common between the end of the French and Indian War in 1763 and the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1776. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh_Tavern WIKI]

'''"Vine"'''<br>
Vine charcoal is created by burning sticks of wood (usually willow or linden/Tilia) into soft, medium, and hard consistencies. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal WIKI]

'''Colonel Byrd'''<br>
William Byrd II (28 March 1674 – 26 August 1744) was a planter and author from Charles City County, Virginia. He is considered the founder of Richmond, Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Byrd_II WIKI]
[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00477341&id=g7u8YIKtb_wC&dq=inauthor:byrd&num=100&q=inauthor:byrd&pgis=1 GoogleBooks] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=william.byrd+1674+1744 Google]

'''tall red-headed youth... "Tom"'''<br>
This is Thomas Jefferson. Dixon toasts "to the pursuit of Happiness" and a young man named Tom asks if can use that phrase some time, which Thomas Jefferson did in the Declaration of Independence. The passage continues to confirm that this is Jefferson by discussing his interest in surveying, which was a very real interest of Jefferson's.

As a political philosopher, Jefferson was a man of the Enlightenment and knew many intellectual leaders in Britain and France. He idealized the independent yeoman farmer as exemplar of republican virtues, distrusted cities and financiers, and favored states' rights and a strictly limited federal government. Jefferson supported the separation of church and state and was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1779, 1786). He was the eponym of Jeffersonian democracy and the co-founder and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, which dominated American politics for 25 years. Jefferson served as the wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781), first United States Secretary of State (1789–1793), and second Vice President (1797–1801). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_jefferson WIKI]

'''Professor Fry'''<br>
Colonel Joshua Fry (1699-1754) was a surveyor, adventurer, mapmaker, member of the House of Burgesses, and soldier. Born in Crewkerne, Somersetshire, England, he moved to Essex County, Virginia as a young man to marry the wealthy widow Mary Micou Hill, who bore him five children who grew to adulthood, viz., John, Henry, Martha, William, and Margaret. In 1743-1744 Fry and his family moved to the not-yet-established Albemarle County, Virginia to claim unclaimed plots of land and take advantage of surveying opportunities. There he built a house called Viewmont that sat on a 800-acre (3.2 km2) plantation bordering the Hardware River. Fry, along with fellow member of the Loyal Land Company, Peter Jefferson, created the famous Maryland-Virginia Fry-Jefferson Map in 1752. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Fry WIKI]

==Page 396==
'''Carolinians'''<br>
The Province of Carolina from 1663 to 1712, was a colony of British America, controlled by the Lords Proprietary, a group of eight English noblemen led informally by member Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury. Dissent over governance of the province led to the appointment of a deputy governor to administer the northern half of the colony in 1691. The division between North and South became complete in 1712, but both colonies remained in the hands of the same group of proprietors. A rebellion against the proprietors broke out in 1719 which led to the appointment of a royal governor for South Carolina in 1720. After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina became royal colonies in 1729. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Carolina WIKI]

'''Norfolk'''<br>
Norfolk grew in the late 1600s as a "Half Moone" fort was constructed and 50 acres were acquired in exchange for 10,000 pounds of tobacco. The House of Burgesses established "Towne of Lower Norfolk County" in 1680. In 1691, a final county subdivision took place when Lower Norfolk County split to form Norfolk County (present day Norfolk, Chesapeake, and parts of Portsmouth) and Princess Anne County (present day Virginia Beach). Norfolk was incorporated in 1705 and in 1736, George II granted Norfolk a royal charter as a borough. By 1775, Norfolk developed into what contemporary observers argued was the most prosperous city in Virginia. It was an important port for exporting goods to the British Isles and beyond. In part because of its merchants' numerous trading ties with other parts of the British Empire, Norfolk served as a strong base of Loyalist support during the early part of the American Revolution. After fleeing the colonial capitol of Williamsburg, Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, tried to reestablish control of the colony from Norfolk. Dunmore secured small victories at Norfolk but was forced into exile by the American rebels, commanded by Colonel Woodford. His departure brought an end to more than 168 years of British colonial rule in Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_VA WIKI]

'''Paronomasia'''<br>
Fancy word for pun

==Page 397==
'''"Leg before Wicket"'''<br>
In the sport of cricket, leg before wicket (LBW) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed. An umpire will rule a batsman out LBW under a complex series of circumstances that primarily include the ball striking the batsman's body (usually the leg) when it would otherwise have continued on to hit the wicket. The LBW rule is designed to prevent a batsman simply using his body to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (and so avoid being bowled out) rather than using his bat to do so. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg_before_wicket WIKI]

'''"Urania"'''<br>
In Greek mythology, Urania was the muse of astronomy and astrology. Some accounts list her as the mother of the musician Linus. She is usually depicted as having a globe in her left hand. She is able to foretell the future by the arrangement of the stars. She is often associated with Universal Love and the Holy Spirit. She is dressed in a cloak embroidered with stars and keeps her eyes and attention focused on the Heavens. Those who are most concerned with philosophy and the heavens are dearest to her. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urania WIKI]

'''Quoiting''' <br>[[File:Quoits.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Newcastle Pit Men playing at Quoits]]
A game similar to horseshoes played with quoits (from the middle english ''coyte'', flat stone) particular to the Northeast. (source: thefreedictionary.com) Quoits (koits, kwoits) is a traditional game which involves the throwing of metal, rope or rubber rings over a set distance, usually to land over or near a spike (sometimes called a hob, mott or pin). The sport of Quoits encompasses several distinct variations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoits WIKI]

Is there a significance to the choice of quoiting over a pistol dual between Dixon and Fabian, which is independent of Dixon's religious pacifism?

Superficially, the game resembles the West Line: an invisible line defined by staked points along which objects (stones) fly. One could note the same, of course, about a duel -- so perhaps there is some other significance in the choice of quoit?

Ah, perhaps one point is that quoiting might be more 'civilized' a resolution since no one can be killed? [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 11:55, 16 September 2007 (PDT)

'''...the Metal hurtling thro' the Air, even, if you listen closely enough, a certain Hum--'''<br>
In parallel with the above discussion of the game resembling the West Line: The quoits themselves (like bullets from a dueling pistol or launched rockets) travel an arc through the air,the path of which creates a gravitational rainbow. This would appear to be another allusion to the rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', especially considering the distinct noise that preempts the arrival of some of the rockets in GR. See also [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_378 378]

'''the ''Rencontre'''''<br>
The Match

'''Joppa'''<br>
Joppa, Maryland in Harford County, Maryland is now a planning region for the county, but there was originally a town at the center called Joppa. Joppa was founded as a British colonial settlement in the early 1700s, and takes its name from the biblical town of Joppa (Jaffa, Israel). The town of Joppa, on the Gunpowder River traded internationally in agricultural products, especially tobacco. At its peak, the port was home to about 50 homes, a church, prison, inns, shops, schools, armament factories, and warehouses. However, with the rise of Baltimore and Annapolis, Joppa declined as a port, and was slowly abandoned. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joppa,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Head of Elk'''<br>
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_337 337] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_38:_382-390#Page_390 390].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

B

2012-12-03T15:21:19Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''B. of L.'''<br />
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon'''<br />
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus'''<br />
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats'''<br />
198; disreputable characters

'''Baker, William'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel'''<br />
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord'''<br />
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)'''<br />
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole'''<br />
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley'''<br />
577;

'''Barnes, Moses'''<br />
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett'''<br />
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine'''''<br />
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia'''<br />
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba'''<br />
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The'''<br />
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen'''<br />
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash'''<br />
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints'''<br />
161;

'''Bayley'''<br />
738

'''Beck, Zepho'''<br />
618

'''Beck, Rhodie'''<br />
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six'''<br />
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite'''<br />
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera'''''<br />
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama'''''<br />
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen'''<br />
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)'''<br />
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)'''<br />
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts'''<br />
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)'''<br />
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible'''<br />
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de'''<br />
285

'''Big Dipper'''<br />
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom'''<br />
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John'''<br />
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham'''<br />
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause'''<br />
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's <i>Charter of Carolina </i> (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley'''<br />
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia'''<br />
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys'''<br />
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 Enoch Brown School Massacre, in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog'''<br />
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.'''<br />
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta'''<br />
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The'''<br />
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder'''<br />
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br />
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"'''<br />
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky'''<br />
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss'''<br />
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.'''<br />
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The'''<br />
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain'''<br />
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe'''<br />
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century"  [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle'''<br />
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat'''''<br />
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper'''<br />
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly'''<br />
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin'''<br />
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.'''<br />
558

'''Boet'''<br />
155; type of Dutch clock

'''Boggs, Robert'''<br />
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine'''<br />
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo'''<br />
37

'''''Bonhomie'''''<br />
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent'''<br />
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes'''<br />
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von'''<br />
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)'''<br />
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)'''<br />
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers'''<br />
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)'''<br />
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries'''<br />
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)'''<br />
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons'''<br />
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet'''<br />
236

'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)'''<br />
309; a Scottish soldier who came to America; he was Commander-in-Chief of the British-American forces when he led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755, where he was ambushed and slain; George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat; 330; 501; his Vistoe, 613; 697; [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)'''<br />
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss'''<br />
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.'''<br />
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.'''<br />
235

'''Brannon's'''<br />
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley'''<br />
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout'''<br />
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy'''<br />
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock  it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest'''<br />
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger'''<br />
15

'''Briget'''<br />
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant'''''<br />
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy'''<br />
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander'''<br />
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop'''<br />
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)'''<br />
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists'''<br />
543; 615

'''Bukhara'''<br />
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye'''<br />
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats'''<br />
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses'''<br />
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush'''<br />
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run'''<br />
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)'''<br />
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle'''<br />
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel'''<br />
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

P

2012-12-03T15:11:16Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Padang'''<br />
57

'''paduasoy'''<br />
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick'''<br />
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado'''<br />
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian'''<br /> 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph'''<br />
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt'''<br />
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists'''<br />
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count'''<br />
195

'''Paradise of Chance'''<br />
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography'''<br />
141

'''Paranoia'''<br />
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)'''<br />
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu'''''<br />
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of'''<br />
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia'''<br />
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy'''<br />
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys"></div>'''Paxton Boys'''<br />
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle'''<br />
381

'''Peace of Paris'''<br />
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.'''<br />
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel'''<br />
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah'''<br />
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>'''<br />
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra'''<br />
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse'''<br />
114

'''Pebble-Lenses'''<br />
549

'''''Péché Mortel'''''<br />
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen'''<br />
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy'''<br />
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf'''<br />
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites'''<br />
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog'''''<br />
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke'''<br />
116

'''Pendennis Point'''<br />
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns'''<br />
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad'''''<br />
In M&D, a poem written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; The fictional Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

217; 489;

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette'''''<br />
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord'''<br />
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle'''<br />
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch'''<br />
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos'''<br />
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion'''<br />
318;

'''Perth Amboy'''<br />
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend'''<br />
773

'''Philadelphia'''<br />
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta'''''<br />
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer'''<br />
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes'''<br />
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions'''''<br />
292; 494

'''Phiz'''<br />
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe'''<br />
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus'''<br />
273

'''Pietist'''<br />
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs'''<br />
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts'''<br />
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules'''<br />
612

'''pinguid'''<br />
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue'''<br />
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)'''<br />
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)'''<br />
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny'''<br />
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza'''''<br />
234-35; 260

'''Plafond'''<br />
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato'''<br />
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides'''<br />
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)'''<br />
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)'''<br />
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous'''<br />
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto'''<br />
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia'''''<br />
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris'''<br />
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate'''<br />
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise'''<br />
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de'''<br />
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee'''<br />
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)'''<br />
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard'''<br />
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)'''<br />
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan'''<br />
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye'''<br />
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish'''<br />
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères'''<br />
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill'''<br />
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power'''<br />
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est'''''<br />
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian'''<br />
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle'''<br />
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John'''<br />
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite'''<br />
698

'''Price, Justice'''<br />
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")'''<br />
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism'''<br />
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom'''<br />
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother'''<br />
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland'''''<br />
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line'''<br />
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus'''<br />
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus'''<br />
142

'''Prospero'''<br />
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island'''<br />
306

'''Prussian Plains'''<br />
613

'''''Pues Entonces'''''<br />
523

'''Pumplenose'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice'''<br />
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns'''<br />
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous'''<br />
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies'''<br />
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)'''<br />
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids'''<br />
547

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'''T., Hervé du'''<br />
372; [punning name]; "Gentleman-Detective"

'''Table Mountain'''<br />
70; 82; Malay quarter, 82; 87;

'''Tagareen Man'''<br />
243; From the ''Oxford English Dictionary'': "the keeper of a marine store, esp. one who visits ships in dock or harbour with a boatful of wares for exchange"

'''Tailor of Gloucester's Mice'''<br />
459; ''Tailor of Gloucester'' was published by Beatrix Potter in 1902. Exhausted and ill with fever, the tailor still hasn't finished making the beautiful silken coat for the Mayor's wedding on Christmas day. With the aid of mice, he is able to get the job done.

<div id="tub"></div>'''Tale of a Tub'''<br />
430; Written by Jonathan Swift, published in 1704. [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4737 Complete text at Project Gutenberg] Contains this interesting commentary on the author/reader relationship:

:"Whatever reader desires to have a thorough comprehension of an author's thoughts cannot take a better method than by putting himself into the circumstances and postures of life that the author was in upon every important passage as it flowed from his pen; for this will introduce a parity and strict correspondence of ideas between the reader and the author. Now, to assist the diligent reader in so delicate an affair, as far as brevity will permit, I have recollected that the shrewdest pieces of this treatise were conceived in bed in a garret; at other times (for a reason best known to myself) I thought fit to sharpen my invention with hunger; and in general, the whole work was begun, continued, and ended under a long course of physic and a great want of money."

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tale_of_a_Tub Wikipedia entry]

'''Tallihoe, Mr.'''<br />
273; of Virginia

'''Tangent Enigma'''<br />
321; 334; Tangent Point, 463; 467-68

'''Taylor, Reverend Dr. Brook (1685-1731)'''<br />
British mathematician remembered for his contributions to the development of differential calculus; his ''Methodus incrementorum'' (1715) contains his theorem on power series expansions; a gifted artist, he set forth in ''Linear Perspective'' (1715) the basic principles of perspective; "On the Lawfulness of Eating Blood" 384; 721

<div id="tenebrae"></div>'''Tenebrae'''<br />
7; sister of the Twins; [[Tenebrae|Etymological Musings]]

'''Tenerife'''<br />
50; largest of the Canary Islands off the North African coast; 58;

'''Text'''<br />
289; 293; 487; 497; 538; 560

'''Theodolite'''<br />
572; surveyor's tool for measuring horizontal and vertical angles

'''They'''<br />
Invisible Gamesters, 40; 71; 226; Invisible Hand, 411; "Mortality and its Agents" 511; 543; 558; 755; ''See also'' [[E#extra|extraterrestrials]]

'''Thickley, Sheriff'''<br />
432

'''thirteenth Guest'''<br />
604; according to Norse mythology, at a banquet in Valhalla, Loki once intruded,
making 13 guests, and Balder was slain; thus, the 13th guest is considered
unlucky

<div id="thomas"></div>'''Thomas'''<br />
"Infancy Gospel" 486, 559 (these writings were associated with the
Gnostic heresy of very early Christian Church) [[Infancy Gospel of St. Thomas|MORE]]; St. Thomas, ''Acta Thomae'', 511; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia entry]

'''Thornton-le-Beans'''<br />
232; a small village in N. Yorkshire near North Allerton about
15 miles south of Darlington and about 20 miles SSE of Hurworth, with neighbours Thornton-le-Moor and Thornton-le-Street.

'''Thorstein the Swarthy'''<br />
634; The son of Eric the Red, and brother of Leif, Thorvald and Freydis (see [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]). [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1000Vinland.html The Medieval Sourcebook]

'''Threes'''<br />
641

'''Thuggee'''<br />
112; Hindu = "devotees of Kali", i.e., professional assassins
who strangled their victims with silk ropes

'''Tiffany'''<br />
699; daughter of slave-driver Dixon attacks

'''Tiger, The'''<br />
242; one of Dixon's favoured pubs

'''Time'''<br />
72; 121; 172; 192; 195; 209; 220; and Ben Franklin, 268, 271; 287-88; 296; Perpetual-Motion Watch, 317; 322; 326; and Philadelphians, 321; 344; 346; 378; and the Spark Mason witnesses, 433; 450; 505; 522; 555; ''Tempus Incognitus'' (Latin: "unknown time"), 556; "cruel flow of" 605; "worth of twenty minutes" 629; 630; 635; 637; 638; 647; 659; 673; 702; Purser of, 729; 746

'''Tissonier, Professor'''<br />
389; taught bladesmanship to Dimdown in New York

<div id="anacreon"></div>'''"To Anacreon in Heaven"'''<br />
262; Francis Scott Key took the melody to this trad. tune and wrote "The Star
Spangl'd Banner"; [[To Anacreon in Heaven|Lyrics & History]]

'''Toby'''<br />
767; "confederates upon the"

'''Tohu-Vabohu'''<br />
767; "Tohu-Vabohu" is a transliteration of the Hebrew text of Genesis 1:2, where it says that in the beginning the earth was "without form [tohu] and void [vabohu]."

'''Toise'''<br />
373; Ancient French unit of length: 1 toise = 1.949 meters; thus 1K toise/minute = 1,949 m/min. = 72.66 MPH

'''Toko'''<br />
70; Asian Pygmy of Malay tribe Senoi; 70; 320

'''''Tom Jones'''''<br />
117; novel by English novelist Henry Fielding, published in 1749

'''Too Late'''<br />
207; 212; 237; 281; 303; 379; 436; 457; 560; 601; 656; 697; 737; "very late"
758; 762

'''Toque'''<br />
368; A tall white hat with a full pouched crown, worn by chefs

'''Torah'''<br />
487; Jewish term for the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) which
contains the Mosaic Law; "a Tellurian Scripture"

<div id="torpedo"></div>'''Torpedo'''<br />
235; a round-bodied short-tailed ray (family Torpedinidae) with a pair of electric organs; Mason is shocked by Torpedo as child, [[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_286|286]]; American Macaroni being shocked by, [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Torpedo|426]]; Professor Voam's pet, [[F#felipe|Felípe]], [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Torpedo|426]]; 469; [[Chapter_49:_476-483#page_477|477]]; 600

<div id="tox"></div>'''Tox, Timothy'''<br />
It has been suggested by critic Elizabeth Hinds that Tox is based on the figure of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Barlow Joel Barlow], author of the ''Vision of Columbus'' (later renamed the ''Columbiad''). Barlow is a good fit character-wise: he was a Republican, pamphleteer, etc., and his poetry was in epic form; [[p#pennsylvaniad|''Pennsylvaniad'']], 217; ''The Line'', 257; 310 339; 350; 380; 443; 470; about, [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489|489]]; 600; 641; 684; 759; ; See also [[P#pennsylvaniad|Pennsylvaniad]]

<div id="transit"></div>'''Transit of Venus'''<br />
12; 192; 223; 225; discussed, 283; Wigs & Pudding, 283; 450; 718; [http://www.dsellers.demon.co.uk/venus/ven_ch1.htm MORE]

'''trans-Provincial Congress'''<br />
564

'''Transylvania'''<br />
591; region of western Rumania; location of "one of the very last Crusades"

'''Treaty of Paris'''<br />
''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Trebuchet'''<br />
590; a weapon used during the Middle Ages to hurl a dead cow, usually over castle walls

'''Trent'''<br />
506; Coachman who's late picking up Lady Barnard

'''Tribe with No Name'''<br />
663-64

'''Tripos'''<br />
437; at Cambridge, the three honour classes in which candidates are grouped at
the final examination, whether Mathematics, Law, Theology or Natural Science.

'''Tumbling'''<br />
331; neighbor of Harlands

'''Turkey Company'''<br />
252

'''''Turkish Spy, The'''''<br />
600; Dracula (son of the Dragon) was killed by a
Turkish Spy. [http://www.opa.com/vampire/dracula.html MORE...]

'''Turpin, Dick (1706-39)'''<br />
9; Famed highwayman, who was eventually caught and hanged

'''Tuscarora Chiefs'''<br /> Iroquoian-speaking Indians of North America who occupied what is now North Carolina when first encountered by Europeans in the 17th century. They were noted for their use of Indian hemp for fibre and medicine; their name derives from an Iroquoian term for "hemp gatherers." Though expert hunters, they also depended heavily on cultivating corn (maize). Later they extended their economy by trading rum to neighbouring Indian groups. The typical Tuscarora dwelling at the time of first European contact was a round lodge of poles overlaid with bark. Evidence suggests that they were organized in exogamous clans, with the clans grouped into two moieties of the three tribes constituting the Tuscarora nation; 571; "sixth of the Sixth Nations"; 600; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_%28tribe%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Tussah'''<br />
169; strong, coarse silk made in India, or fabric made from same

'''Twitcher, Jemmy'''<br />
367; aka [[S#sandwich|Lord Sandwich]]

'''Tyburn'''<br />
8; a village on the Tyburn, a tributary of the Thames, where criminals were
publicly hung until 1783 when executions were moved to Newgate; Tree, 8;
Friday's hanging, 15; [[Tyburn|MORE]]

'''Tyne'''<br />
502; River in No. England, about 129 km (80 mi) long, flowing through Newcastle, eastward to the North Sea

===References===
<references/>

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'''T., Hervé du'''<br />
372; [punning name]; "Gentleman-Detective"

'''Table Mountain'''<br />
70; 82; Malay quarter, 82; 87;

'''Tagareen Man'''<br />
243; From the ''Oxford English Dictionary'': "the keeper of a marine store, esp. one who visits ships in dock or harbour with a boatful of wares for exchange"

'''Tailor of Gloucester's Mice'''<br />
459; ''Tailor of Gloucester'' was published by Beatrix Potter in 1902. Exhausted and ill with fever, the tailor still hasn't finished making the beautiful silken coat for the Mayor's wedding on Christmas day. With the aid of mice, he is able to get the job done.

<div id="tub"></div>'''Tale of a Tub'''<br />
430; Written by Jonathan Swift, published in 1704. [http://www.gutenberg.org/etext/4737 Complete text at Project Gutenberg] Contains this interesting commentary on the author/reader relationship:

:"Whatever reader desires to have a thorough comprehension of an author's thoughts cannot take a better method than by putting himself into the circumstances and postures of life that the author was in upon every important passage as it flowed from his pen; for this will introduce a parity and strict correspondence of ideas between the reader and the author. Now, to assist the diligent reader in so delicate an affair, as far as brevity will permit, I have recollected that the shrewdest pieces of this treatise were conceived in bed in a garret; at other times (for a reason best known to myself) I thought fit to sharpen my invention with hunger; and in general, the whole work was begun, continued, and ended under a long course of physic and a great want of money."

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tale_of_a_Tub Wikipedia entry]

'''Tallihoe, Mr.'''<br />
273; of Virginia

'''Tangent Enigma'''<br />
321; 334; Tangent Point, 463; 467-68

'''Taylor, Reverend Dr. Brook (1685-1731)'''<br />
British mathematician remembered for his contributions to the development of differential calculus; his ''Methodus incrementorum'' (1715) contains his theorem on power series expansions; a gifted artist, he set forth in ''Linear Perspective'' (1715) the basic principles of perspective; "On the Lawfulness of Eating Blood" 384; 721

<div id="tenebrae"></div>'''Tenebrae'''<br />
7; sister of the Twins; [[Tenebrae|Etymological Musings]]

'''Tenerife'''<br />
50; largest of the Canary Islands off the North African coast; 58;

'''Text'''<br />
289; 293; 487; 497; 538; 560

'''Theodolite'''<br />
572; surveyor's tool for measuring horizontal and vertical angles

'''They'''<br />
Invisible Gamesters, 40; 71; 226; Invisible Hand, 411; "Mortality and its Agents" 511; 543; 558; 755; ''See also'' [[E#extra|extraterrestrials]]

'''Thickley, Sheriff'''<br />
432

'''thirteenth Guest'''<br />
604; according to Norse mythology, at a banquet in Valhalla, Loki once intruded,
making 13 guests, and Balder was slain; thus, the 13th guest is considered
unlucky

<div id="thomas"></div>'''Thomas'''<br />
"Infancy Gospel" 486, 559 (these writings were associated with the
Gnostic heresy of very early Christian Church) [[Infancy Gospel of St. Thomas|MORE]]; St. Thomas, ''Acta Thomae'', 511; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas Wikipedia entry]

'''Thornton-le-Beans'''<br />
232; a small village in N. Yorkshire near North Allerton about
15 miles south of Darlington and about 20 miles SSE of Hurworth, with neighbours Thornton-le-Moor and Thornton-le-Street.

'''Thorstein the Swarthy'''<br />
634; The son of Eric the Red, and brother of Leif, Thorvald and Freydis (see [[F#finnbogi|Finnbogi]]). [http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1000Vinland.html The Medieval Sourcebook]

'''Threes'''<br />
641

'''Thuggee'''<br />
112; Hindu = "devotees of Kali", i.e., professional assassins
who strangled their victims with silk ropes

'''Tiffany'''<br />
699; daughter of slave-driver Dixon attacks

'''Tiger, The'''<br />
242; one of Dixon's favoured pubs

'''Time'''<br />
72; 121; 172; 192; 195; 209; 220; and Ben Franklin, 268, 271; 287-88; 296; Perpetual-Motion Watch, 317; 322; 326; and Philadelphians, 321; 344; 346; 378; and the Spark Mason witnesses, 433; 450; 505; 522; 555; ''Tempus Incognitus'' (Latin: "unknown time"), 556; "cruel flow of" 605; "worth of twenty minutes" 629; 630; 635; 637; 638; 647; 659; 673; 702; Purser of, 729; 746

'''Tissonier, Professor'''<br />
389; taught bladesmanship to Dimdown in New York

<div id="anacreon"></div>'''"To Anacreon in Heaven"'''<br />
262; Francis Scott Key took the melody to this trad. tune and wrote "The Star
Spangl'd Banner"; [[To Anacreon in Heaven|Lyrics & History]]

'''Toby'''<br />
767; "confederates upon the"

'''Tohu-Vabohu'''<br />
767; "Tohu-Vabohu" is a transliteration of the Hebrew text of Genesis 1:2, where it says that in the beginning the earth was "without form [tohu] and void [vabohu]."

'''Toise'''<br />
373; Ancient French unit of length: 1 toise = 1.949 meters; thus 1K toise/minute = 1,949 m/min. = 72.66 MPH

'''Toko'''<br />
70; Asian Pygmy of Malay tribe Senoi; 70; 320

'''''Tom Jones'''''<br />
117; novel by English novelist Henry Fielding, published in 1749

'''Too Late'''<br />
207; 212; 237; 281; 303; 379; 436; 457; 560; 601; 656; 697; 737; "very late"
758; 762

'''Toque'''<br />
368; A tall white hat with a full pouched crown, worn by chefs

'''Torah'''<br />
487; Jewish term for the Pentateuch (the first five books of the Bible) which
contains the Mosaic Law; "a Tellurian Scripture"

<div id="torpedo"></div>'''Torpedo'''<br />
235; a round-bodied short-tailed ray (family Torpedinidae) with a pair of electric organs; Mason is shocked by Torpedo as child, [[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_286|286]]; American Macaroni being shocked by, [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Torpedo|426]]; Professor Voam's pet, [[F#felipe|Felípe]], [[Chapter_42:_422-435#Torpedo|426]]; 469; [[Chapter_49:_476-483#page_477|477]]; 600

<div id="tox"></div>'''Tox, Timothy'''<br />
It has been suggested by critic Elizabeth Hinds that Tox is based on the figure of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel_Barlow Joel Barlow], author of the ''Vision of Columbus'' (later renamed the ''Columbiad''). Barlow is a good fit character-wise: he was a Republican, pamphleteer, etc., and his poetry was in epic form; [[p|#pennsylvaniad|''Pennsylvaniad'']], 217; ''The Line'', 257; 310 339; 350; 380; 443; 470; about, [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489|489]]; 600; 641; 684; 759; ; See also [[P#pennsylvaniad|Pennsylvaniad]]

<div id="transit"></div>'''Transit of Venus'''<br />
12; 192; 223; 225; discussed, 283; Wigs & Pudding, 283; 450; 718; [http://www.dsellers.demon.co.uk/venus/ven_ch1.htm MORE]

'''trans-Provincial Congress'''<br />
564

'''Transylvania'''<br />
591; region of western Rumania; location of "one of the very last Crusades"

'''Treaty of Paris'''<br />
''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Trebuchet'''<br />
590; a weapon used during the Middle Ages to hurl a dead cow, usually over castle walls

'''Trent'''<br />
506; Coachman who's late picking up Lady Barnard

'''Tribe with No Name'''<br />
663-64

'''Tripos'''<br />
437; at Cambridge, the three honour classes in which candidates are grouped at
the final examination, whether Mathematics, Law, Theology or Natural Science.

'''Tumbling'''<br />
331; neighbor of Harlands

'''Turkey Company'''<br />
252

'''''Turkish Spy, The'''''<br />
600; Dracula (son of the Dragon) was killed by a
Turkish Spy. [http://www.opa.com/vampire/dracula.html MORE...]

'''Turpin, Dick (1706-39)'''<br />
9; Famed highwayman, who was eventually caught and hanged

'''Tuscarora Chiefs'''<br /> Iroquoian-speaking Indians of North America who occupied what is now North Carolina when first encountered by Europeans in the 17th century. They were noted for their use of Indian hemp for fibre and medicine; their name derives from an Iroquoian term for "hemp gatherers." Though expert hunters, they also depended heavily on cultivating corn (maize). Later they extended their economy by trading rum to neighbouring Indian groups. The typical Tuscarora dwelling at the time of first European contact was a round lodge of poles overlaid with bark. Evidence suggests that they were organized in exogamous clans, with the clans grouped into two moieties of the three tribes constituting the Tuscarora nation; 571; "sixth of the Sixth Nations"; 600; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tuscarora_%28tribe%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Tussah'''<br />
169; strong, coarse silk made in India, or fabric made from same

'''Twitcher, Jemmy'''<br />
367; aka [[S#sandwich|Lord Sandwich]]

'''Tyburn'''<br />
8; a village on the Tyburn, a tributary of the Thames, where criminals were
publicly hung until 1783 when executions were moved to Newgate; Tree, 8;
Friday's hanging, 15; [[Tyburn|MORE]]

'''Tyne'''<br />
502; River in No. England, about 129 km (80 mi) long, flowing through Newcastle, eastward to the North Sea

===References===
<references/>

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__TOC__

==Page 484==
'''Euclid'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_29:_289-295#Page_294 294].

==Page 485==
'''Metes and Bounds'''<br>
Metes and bounds is a system or method of describing land, real property (in contrast to personal property) or real estate. The system has been used in England for many centuries, and is still used there in the definition of general boundaries. By custom, it was applied in the original Thirteen Colonies that became the United States, and in many other land jurisdictions based on English common law. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metes_and_bounds WIKI]

'''Shambles of Eternity'''<br>
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shambles Wiktionary]:

SHAMBLES<BR>
1. a scene of great disorder or ruin<br>
2. a great mess or clutter<br>
3. a scene of bloodshed, carnage or devastation<br>
4. a slaughterhouse <br>
5. (archaic) a butcher's shop<br>

Also, cross reference page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_29:_289-295#Page_289 289].

'''the Communication'''<br>
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_357 357] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_363 363].

'''Ordinaries'''<br>
In heraldry, an ordinary (or honourable ordinary) is a simple geometrical figure, bounded by straight lines and running from side to side or top to bottom of the shield. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry) WIKI]

'''The Rabbi of Prague, headquarters of a Kabbalistic Faith'''<br>
The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel the late 16th century chief rabbi of Prague, also known as the Maharal of Prague, who reportedly created a golem to defend the Prague ghetto from anti-Semitic attacks, pogroms. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golem WIKI] Also WIKI for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Loew_ben_Bezalel Rabbi] specifically.

'''Elect Cohens'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

'''Fingers spread two and two, and the Thumb held away from them likewise... Hebrew letter ''Shin''... "Live long and prosper"'''<br>
See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg PHOTO]. In his autobiography ''I Am Not Spock'', Leonard Nimoy wrote that he based the Vulcan salute on the Priestly Blessing performed by Jewish Kohanim with both hands, thumb to thumb in this same position, representing the Hebrew letter Shin (ש), which has three upward strokes similar to the position of the thumb and fingers in the salute. The letter Shin here stands for Shaddai, meaning "Almighty (God)". Nimoy wrote that when he was a child, his grandfather took him to an Orthodox synagogue. There he saw the blessing performed and was very impressed by it. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_salute WIKI]. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_Blessing Priestly Blessing].

'''a giant Golem'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_481 481].

'''Lost Tribes of Israel'''<br>
The phrase Ten Lost Tribes of Israel refers to the ancient Tribes of Israel that disappeared from the Biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was destroyed, enslaved and exiled by ancient Assyria. Many groups of Jews have doctrines concerning the continued hidden existence or future public return of these tribes. This is a subject that is partially based upon authenticated and documented historical fact, partially upon written religious tradition and partially upon speculation. There is a vast amount of literature on the Lost Tribes and no specific source can be relied upon for a complete answer. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_tribes_of_Israel WIKI]

==Page 486==
'''Lancaster County Rifle'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_278 278].

'''"I am that which I am"'''<br>
[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=exodus%203:14&version=KJV Exodus 3:14]<br>
And God saith unto Moses, "I AM THAT WHICH I AM"

'''nautical-looking Indiv. with gigantick Fore-Arms, and one Eye ever a-Squint from the Smoke of his Pipe'''<br>
Allusion to the cartoon character [[p#popeye|Popeye]], whose motto is "I yam what I yam, I'm Popeye the sailor man". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye WIKI]

The other characters, so specifically described, seem like they <i>must</i> be some other familiar figures, but I'll be danged if I can figure out who. Anyone have any idea? A "...short red-headed woodsman in Deerskins, who is holding a tankard in one hand and a Lancaster County rifle in the other." (Snuffy Smith from the Barney Google comic? Yosemite Sam?) A "florid Forge-keeper who occupies the entire side of one Table," (Walt Wallet from Gasoline Alley?) It's driving me nuts that I can't figure this out.

'''Rashi'''<br>
Shlomo Yitzhaki, better known by the acronym Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki), (February 22, 1040 – July 13, 1105), was a medieval French rabbi famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, as well as a comprehensive commentary on the ''Tanakh'' (Hebrew Bible). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashi WIKI]

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas'''<br>
The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is a non-canonical text that was part of a popular genre, aretalogy, of the 2nd and 3rd centuries — a miracle literature of Infancy gospels that was both entertaining and inspirational, written to satisfy a hunger for more miraculous and anecdotal stories of the childhood of Jesus than the Gospel of Luke provided. Later references by Hippolytus of Rome and Origen of Alexandria to a Gospel of Thomas are more likely to be referring to this Infancy Gospel than to the wholly different Gospel of Thomas with which it is sometimes confused. Some of the episodes from the Infancy Gospel were topics of mediaeval art. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas WIKI]

'''"toy Golems out of Clay,- Sparrows that flew"'''<br>
Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Chapter 2, read [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/infancythomas-a-roberts.html HERE].

'''South Mountain'''<br>
See [[s#southmountain|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 487==
'''America... had been ''kept hidden'', as are certain Bodies of Knowledge'''<br>
See below ["as above, so below"]; So here.....see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism Gnosticism].....see Pynchon's whole oeuvre.

'''parchment Coracles'''<br>
The coracle is a small, lightweight boat of the sort traditionally used in Wales but also in parts of Western and South Western England, Ireland (particularly the River Boyne), and Scotland (particularly the River Spey); the word is also used of similar boats found in India, Vietnam, Iraq and Tibet. The word "coracle" comes from the Welsh cwrwgl, cognate with Irish and Scottish Gaelic curach, and is recorded in English as early as the sixteenth century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracles WIKI]

'''Book of Jonah'''<br>
The Book of Jonah (Hebrew: Sefer Yonah) is a book in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. It tells the story of an Hebrew prophet named Jonah ben Amittai who is sent by God to prophesy the destruction of Nineveh but tries to escape the divine mission. Set in the reign of Jeroboam II (786-746 BCE), it was probably written in the post-exilic period (after 530 BCE). The story has an interesting interpretive history and has become well-known through popular children’s stories. In Judaism it is the Haftarah for the afternoon of Yom Kippur due to its story of God's willingness to forgive those who repent. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_jonah WIKI]

'''the Secret was safe until the choice be made to reveal it'''<br>
The ending of ''The Crying of Lot 49''?....Pynchon's whole oeuvre, so to speak?

'''Hebrew Kabbala'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_479 479].

'''Tellurian Scripture'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_16:_167-174#Page_172 172].

'''Pantograph'''<br>
A pantograph (from Greek roots παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a special manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one specified point is an amplified version of the movement of another point. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an enlarged (or miniaturized) copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantograph WIKI]

''''as above, so below''''<br>
This is a repeated, therefore deeply thematic, key phrase in ''Mason & Dixon'' and ''Against the Day''.<br>[[File:AsaboveSobelow.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Magician displaying the Hermetic concept of as above, so below.]]

The phrase "as above, so below" is from an alchemical text called the
[http://www.alchemywebsite.com/emerald.html "The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus"]. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_Above_So_Below WIKI]: As the story is told, this tablet was found by Alexander the Great at Hebron supposedly in the tomb of Hermes... These words circulate throughout occult and magical circles, and they come from Hermetic texts. Translated as, "That which is Below corresponds to that which is Above, and that which is Above, corresponds to that which is Below, to accomplish the miracles of the One Thing". In accordance with the various levels of reality: physical, mental, and spiritual, this relates that what happens on any level happens on every other. This is however more often used in the sense of the microcosm and the macrocosm. The microcosm is oneself, and the macrocosm is the universe. The macrocosm is as the microcosm, and vice versa; within each lies the other, and through understanding one (usually the microcosm) you can understand the other.

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_417 417], Great Chain of Being entry, which, according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_chain_of_being Wikipedia], could only be broken by alchemy or God (as demonstrated by the fall of Lucifer).

'''Occurrences in the Higher World'''<br>
This was a common belief back in the day among Western religion etc. (and still is to some degree (see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation ''Book of Revelation''], for instance)), that current happenings on Earth had their roots in greater battles and greater happenings (of great importance and meaning) going on in the Spiritual Realm.

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_45:_448-451#Page_449 449].

==Page 488==
'''Paxtonians'''<br>
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]].

'''Pope halted Attila'''<br>
Pope Leo I, or Pope Saint Leo the Great (ca. 400-10 November 461), was pope from 29 September 440 to 10 November 461. He was an Italian aristocrat, and is the earliest pope of the Roman Catholic Church to have received the title "the Great". He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun outside Rome in 452, persuading him to turn back from his invasion of Western Europe. He is also a Doctor of the Church. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_I WIKI]

'''Patrick Henry'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

==Page 489==
'''Alexander Pope... Wasp of Twickenham'''<br>
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) is a famous eighteenth century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, after Shakespeare and Tennyson. Pope is famous for his use of the heroic couplet... The money made from the Homer translation allowed Pope to move to a villa at Twickenham in 1719, where he created his now famous grotto and gardens. Pope decorated the grotto with alabaster, marbles, and ores such as mundic and crystals. He also used Cornish diamonds, stalactites, spars, snakestones and spongestone. A number of mirrors, an expensive luxury in the Augustan age, were also placed around the grotto. A camera obscura was installed to delight his visitors, of whom there were many. The serendipitous discovery of a spring during its excavations enabled the subterranean retreat to be filled with the relaxing sound of trickling water, which would quietly echo around the chambers. Pope was said to have remarked that: "Were it to have nymphs as well – it would be complete in everything." Although the house and gardens have long since been demolished, much of this grotto still survives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope WIKI]

'''Pennsylvaniad'''<br>
See [[p#pennsylvaniad|Alphabetical Entry]]

'''Timothy Tox'''<br>
See [[t#timothytox|Alphabetical Entry]]

'''"''Thoo'' are-"'''<br>
Here Dixon realizes he is talking to the one-and-only Timothy Tox, author of ''Pennsylvaniad''. Tox ends up being the "queer, uncollected sort of Townsman, who's been drinking so far in silence" from the previous page.

'''Mr. Wilkes'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

'''the Highland Forty-second'''<br>
The 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. The regiment's lineage could be traced back as far as the 1660s, when independent companies of men were formed to police the Highlands by the local clan chiefs. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Regiment_of_Foot WIKI]

There was an allusion to current (novel-wise) Highlanders being stationed around Lancaster during the Paxton Boys Massacre, yet they did nothing; See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_304 304].

'''Who is this King that fires upon his own'''<br>
From Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'', though I seem to remember Wicks at one point voicing this same thought (can't recall the page), possibly first enlightened to him by the smooth poetry of Mr. Tox?

==Page 490==
'''Black Boys'''<br>[[File:BlackWatchPlaid.png|200px|thumb|right|Black Watch plaid]]
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Fort Loudon'''<br>
Fort Loudoun (or Fort Loudon, after the modern spelling of the town) was a fort in colonial Pennsylvania, one of several forts in colonial America named after John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun. The fort was built in 1756 during the French and Indian War by Pennsylvania militia, and served as a post on the Forbes Road during the Forbes expedition that successfully drove the French away from Fort Duquesne. In 1765, following Pontiac's Rebellion, settlers upset with the resumption of trade with Native Americans forced the British garrison to evacuate the fort, part of an uprising known as the Black Boys Rebellion. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Loudoun_%28Pennsylvania%29 WIKI]

'''Prague'''<br>
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Nicknames for Prague have included "the mother of cities" (Praga mater urbium, or "Praha matka měst" in Czech), "city of a hundred spires", or Stověžatá Praha in Czech and "the golden city" or Zlaté město in Czech. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague WIKI]

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br>
The plaid worn by the Highlanders, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489]. Also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Highland_Regiment_%28The_Black_Watch%29 WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

P

2012-12-03T15:01:11Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Padang'''<br />
57

'''paduasoy'''<br />
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick'''<br />
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado'''<br />
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian'''<br /> 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph'''<br />
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt'''<br />
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists'''<br />
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count'''<br />
195

'''Paradise of Chance'''<br />
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography'''<br />
141

'''Paranoia'''<br />
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)'''<br />
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu'''''<br />
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of'''<br />
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia'''<br />
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy'''<br />
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys"></div>'''Paxton Boys'''<br />
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle'''<br />
381

'''Peace of Paris'''<br />
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.'''<br />
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel'''<br />
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah'''<br />
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>'''<br />
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra'''<br />
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse'''<br />
114

'''Pebble-Lenses'''<br />
549

'''''Péché Mortel'''''<br />
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen'''<br />
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy'''<br />
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf'''<br />
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites'''<br />
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog'''''<br />
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke'''<br />
116

'''Pendennis Point'''<br />
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns'''<br />
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad'''''<br />
217; 489; written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette'''''<br />
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord'''<br />
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle'''<br />
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch'''<br />
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos'''<br />
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion'''<br />
318;

'''Perth Amboy'''<br />
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend'''<br />
773

'''Philadelphia'''<br />
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta'''''<br />
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer'''<br />
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes'''<br />
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions'''''<br />
292; 494

'''Phiz'''<br />
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe'''<br />
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus'''<br />
273

'''Pietist'''<br />
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs'''<br />
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts'''<br />
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules'''<br />
612

'''pinguid'''<br />
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue'''<br />
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)'''<br />
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)'''<br />
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny'''<br />
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza'''''<br />
234-35; 260

'''Plafond'''<br />
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato'''<br />
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides'''<br />
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)'''<br />
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)'''<br />
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous'''<br />
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto'''<br />
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia'''''<br />
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris'''<br />
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate'''<br />
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise'''<br />
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de'''<br />
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee'''<br />
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)'''<br />
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard'''<br />
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)'''<br />
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan'''<br />
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye'''<br />
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish'''<br />
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères'''<br />
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill'''<br />
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power'''<br />
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est'''''<br />
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian'''<br />
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle'''<br />
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John'''<br />
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite'''<br />
698

'''Price, Justice'''<br />
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")'''<br />
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism'''<br />
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom'''<br />
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother'''<br />
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland'''''<br />
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line'''<br />
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus'''<br />
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus'''<br />
142

'''Prospero'''<br />
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island'''<br />
306

'''Prussian Plains'''<br />
613

'''''Pues Entonces'''''<br />
523

'''Pumplenose'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice'''<br />
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns'''<br />
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous'''<br />
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies'''<br />
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)'''<br />
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids'''<br />
547

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'''Padang'''<br />
57

'''paduasoy'''<br />
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick'''<br />
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado'''<br />
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian'''<br /> 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph'''<br />
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt'''<br />
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists'''<br />
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count'''<br />
195

'''Paradise of Chance'''<br />
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography'''<br />
141

'''Paranoia'''<br />
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)'''<br />
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu'''''<br />
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of'''<br />
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia'''<br />
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy'''<br />
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys"></div>'''Paxton Boys'''<br />
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle'''<br />
381

'''Peace of Paris'''<br />
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.'''<br />
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel'''<br />
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah'''<br />
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>'''<br />
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra'''<br />
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse'''<br />
114

'''Pebble-Lenses'''<br />
549

'''''Péché Mortel'''''<br />
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen'''<br />
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy'''<br />
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf'''<br />
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites'''<br />
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog'''''<br />
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke'''<br />
116

'''Pendennis Point'''<br />
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns'''<br />
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad'''''<br />
217; written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette'''''<br />
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord'''<br />
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle'''<br />
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch'''<br />
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos'''<br />
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion'''<br />
318;

'''Perth Amboy'''<br />
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend'''<br />
773

'''Philadelphia'''<br />
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta'''''<br />
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer'''<br />
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes'''<br />
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions'''''<br />
292; 494

'''Phiz'''<br />
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe'''<br />
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus'''<br />
273

'''Pietist'''<br />
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs'''<br />
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts'''<br />
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules'''<br />
612

'''pinguid'''<br />
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue'''<br />
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)'''<br />
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)'''<br />
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny'''<br />
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza'''''<br />
234-35; 260

'''Plafond'''<br />
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato'''<br />
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides'''<br />
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)'''<br />
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)'''<br />
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous'''<br />
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto'''<br />
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia'''''<br />
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris'''<br />
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate'''<br />
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise'''<br />
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de'''<br />
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee'''<br />
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)'''<br />
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard'''<br />
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)'''<br />
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan'''<br />
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye'''<br />
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish'''<br />
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères'''<br />
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill'''<br />
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power'''<br />
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est'''''<br />
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian'''<br />
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle'''<br />
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John'''<br />
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite'''<br />
698

'''Price, Justice'''<br />
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")'''<br />
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism'''<br />
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom'''<br />
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother'''<br />
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland'''''<br />
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line'''<br />
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus'''<br />
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus'''<br />
142

'''Prospero'''<br />
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island'''<br />
306

'''Prussian Plains'''<br />
613

'''''Pues Entonces'''''<br />
523

'''Pumplenose'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice'''<br />
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns'''<br />
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous'''<br />
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies'''<br />
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)'''<br />
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids'''<br />
547

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__TOC__

==Page 484==
'''Euclid'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_29:_289-295#Page_294 294].

==Page 485==
'''Metes and Bounds'''<br>
Metes and bounds is a system or method of describing land, real property (in contrast to personal property) or real estate. The system has been used in England for many centuries, and is still used there in the definition of general boundaries. By custom, it was applied in the original Thirteen Colonies that became the United States, and in many other land jurisdictions based on English common law. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metes_and_bounds WIKI]

'''Shambles of Eternity'''<br>
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shambles Wiktionary]:

SHAMBLES<BR>
1. a scene of great disorder or ruin<br>
2. a great mess or clutter<br>
3. a scene of bloodshed, carnage or devastation<br>
4. a slaughterhouse <br>
5. (archaic) a butcher's shop<br>

Also, cross reference page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_29:_289-295#Page_289 289].

'''the Communication'''<br>
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_357 357] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_363 363].

'''Ordinaries'''<br>
In heraldry, an ordinary (or honourable ordinary) is a simple geometrical figure, bounded by straight lines and running from side to side or top to bottom of the shield. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ordinary_(heraldry) WIKI]

'''The Rabbi of Prague, headquarters of a Kabbalistic Faith'''<br>
The most famous golem narrative involves Judah Loew ben Bezalel the late 16th century chief rabbi of Prague, also known as the Maharal of Prague, who reportedly created a golem to defend the Prague ghetto from anti-Semitic attacks, pogroms. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Golem WIKI] Also WIKI for the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Loew_ben_Bezalel Rabbi] specifically.

'''Elect Cohens'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

'''Fingers spread two and two, and the Thumb held away from them likewise... Hebrew letter ''Shin''... "Live long and prosper"'''<br>
See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Grave_Rabbi_Meschullam_Kohn.jpg PHOTO]. In his autobiography ''I Am Not Spock'', Leonard Nimoy wrote that he based the Vulcan salute on the Priestly Blessing performed by Jewish Kohanim with both hands, thumb to thumb in this same position, representing the Hebrew letter Shin (ש), which has three upward strokes similar to the position of the thumb and fingers in the salute. The letter Shin here stands for Shaddai, meaning "Almighty (God)". Nimoy wrote that when he was a child, his grandfather took him to an Orthodox synagogue. There he saw the blessing performed and was very impressed by it. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan_salute WIKI]. Also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Priestly_Blessing Priestly Blessing].

'''a giant Golem'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_481 481].

'''Lost Tribes of Israel'''<br>
The phrase Ten Lost Tribes of Israel refers to the ancient Tribes of Israel that disappeared from the Biblical account after the Kingdom of Israel was destroyed, enslaved and exiled by ancient Assyria. Many groups of Jews have doctrines concerning the continued hidden existence or future public return of these tribes. This is a subject that is partially based upon authenticated and documented historical fact, partially upon written religious tradition and partially upon speculation. There is a vast amount of literature on the Lost Tribes and no specific source can be relied upon for a complete answer. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lost_tribes_of_Israel WIKI]

==Page 486==
'''Lancaster County Rifle'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_278 278].

'''"I am that which I am"'''<br>
[http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=exodus%203:14&version=KJV Exodus 3:14]<br>
And God saith unto Moses, "I AM THAT WHICH I AM"

'''nautical-looking Indiv. with gigantick Fore-Arms, and one Eye ever a-Squint from the Smoke of his Pipe'''<br>
Allusion to the cartoon character [[p#popeye|Popeye]], whose motto is "I yam what I yam, I'm Popeye the sailor man". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popeye WIKI]

The other characters, so specifically described, seem like they <i>must</i> be some other familiar figures, but I'll be danged if I can figure out who. Anyone have any idea? A "...short red-headed woodsman in Deerskins, who is holding a tankard in one hand and a Lancaster County rifle in the other." (Snuffy Smith from the Barney Google comic? Yosemite Sam?) A "florid Forge-keeper who occupies the entire side of one Table," (Walt Wallet from Gasoline Alley?) It's driving me nuts that I can't figure this out.

'''Rashi'''<br>
Shlomo Yitzhaki, better known by the acronym Rashi (Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki), (February 22, 1040 – July 13, 1105), was a medieval French rabbi famed as the author of the first comprehensive commentary on the Talmud, as well as a comprehensive commentary on the ''Tanakh'' (Hebrew Bible). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashi WIKI]

'''Infancy Gospel of Thomas'''<br>
The Infancy Gospel of Thomas is a non-canonical text that was part of a popular genre, aretalogy, of the 2nd and 3rd centuries — a miracle literature of Infancy gospels that was both entertaining and inspirational, written to satisfy a hunger for more miraculous and anecdotal stories of the childhood of Jesus than the Gospel of Luke provided. Later references by Hippolytus of Rome and Origen of Alexandria to a Gospel of Thomas are more likely to be referring to this Infancy Gospel than to the wholly different Gospel of Thomas with which it is sometimes confused. Some of the episodes from the Infancy Gospel were topics of mediaeval art. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Infancy_Gospel_of_Thomas WIKI]

'''"toy Golems out of Clay,- Sparrows that flew"'''<br>
Infancy Gospel of Thomas, Chapter 2, read [http://www.earlychristianwritings.com/text/infancythomas-a-roberts.html HERE].

'''South Mountain'''<br>
See [[s#southmountain|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 487==
'''America... had been ''kept hidden'', as are certain Bodies of Knowledge'''<br>
See below ["as above, so below"]; So here.....see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnosticism Gnosticism].....see Pynchon's whole oeuvre.

'''parchment Coracles'''<br>
The coracle is a small, lightweight boat of the sort traditionally used in Wales but also in parts of Western and South Western England, Ireland (particularly the River Boyne), and Scotland (particularly the River Spey); the word is also used of similar boats found in India, Vietnam, Iraq and Tibet. The word "coracle" comes from the Welsh cwrwgl, cognate with Irish and Scottish Gaelic curach, and is recorded in English as early as the sixteenth century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coracles WIKI]

'''Book of Jonah'''<br>
The Book of Jonah (Hebrew: Sefer Yonah) is a book in the Hebrew Bible/Old Testament. It tells the story of an Hebrew prophet named Jonah ben Amittai who is sent by God to prophesy the destruction of Nineveh but tries to escape the divine mission. Set in the reign of Jeroboam II (786-746 BCE), it was probably written in the post-exilic period (after 530 BCE). The story has an interesting interpretive history and has become well-known through popular children’s stories. In Judaism it is the Haftarah for the afternoon of Yom Kippur due to its story of God's willingness to forgive those who repent. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_jonah WIKI]

'''the Secret was safe until the choice be made to reveal it'''<br>
The ending of ''The Crying of Lot 49''?....Pynchon's whole oeuvre, so to speak?

'''Hebrew Kabbala'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_479 479].

'''Tellurian Scripture'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_16:_167-174#Page_172 172].

'''Pantograph'''<br>
A pantograph (from Greek roots παντ- 'all, every' and γραφ- 'to write', from their original use for copying writing) is a mechanical linkage connected in a special manner based on parallelograms so that the movement of one specified point is an amplified version of the movement of another point. If a line drawing is traced by the first point, an enlarged (or miniaturized) copy will be drawn by a pen fixed to the other. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantograph WIKI]

''''as above, so below''''<br>
This is a repeated, therefore deeply thematic, key phrase in ''Mason & Dixon'' and ''Against the Day''.<br>[[File:AsaboveSobelow.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The Magician displaying the Hermetic concept of as above, so below.]]

The phrase "as above, so below" is from an alchemical text called the
[http://www.alchemywebsite.com/emerald.html "The Emerald Tablet of Hermes Trismegistus"]. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As_Above_So_Below WIKI]: As the story is told, this tablet was found by Alexander the Great at Hebron supposedly in the tomb of Hermes... These words circulate throughout occult and magical circles, and they come from Hermetic texts. Translated as, "That which is Below corresponds to that which is Above, and that which is Above, corresponds to that which is Below, to accomplish the miracles of the One Thing". In accordance with the various levels of reality: physical, mental, and spiritual, this relates that what happens on any level happens on every other. This is however more often used in the sense of the microcosm and the macrocosm. The microcosm is oneself, and the macrocosm is the universe. The macrocosm is as the microcosm, and vice versa; within each lies the other, and through understanding one (usually the microcosm) you can understand the other.

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_417 417], Great Chain of Being entry, which, according to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_chain_of_being Wikipedia], could only be broken by alchemy or God (as demonstrated by the fall of Lucifer).

'''Occurrences in the Higher World'''<br>
This was a common belief back in the day among Western religion etc. (and still is to some degree (see the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Revelation ''Book of Revelation''], for instance)), that current happenings on Earth had their roots in greater battles and greater happenings (of great importance and meaning) going on in the Spiritual Realm.

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_45:_448-451#Page_449 449].

==Page 488==
'''Paxtonians'''<br>
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]].

'''Pope halted Attila'''<br>
Pope Leo I, or Pope Saint Leo the Great (ca. 400-10 November 461), was pope from 29 September 440 to 10 November 461. He was an Italian aristocrat, and is the earliest pope of the Roman Catholic Church to have received the title "the Great". He is perhaps best known for having met Attila the Hun outside Rome in 452, persuading him to turn back from his invasion of Western Europe. He is also a Doctor of the Church. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pope_Leo_I WIKI]

'''Patrick Henry'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

==Page 489==
'''Alexander Pope... Wasp of Twickenham'''<br>
Alexander Pope (21 May 1688 – 30 May 1744) is a famous eighteenth century English poet, best known for his satirical verse and for his translation of Homer. He is the third most frequently quoted writer in The Oxford Dictionary of Quotations, after Shakespeare and Tennyson. Pope is famous for his use of the heroic couplet... The money made from the Homer translation allowed Pope to move to a villa at Twickenham in 1719, where he created his now famous grotto and gardens. Pope decorated the grotto with alabaster, marbles, and ores such as mundic and crystals. He also used Cornish diamonds, stalactites, spars, snakestones and spongestone. A number of mirrors, an expensive luxury in the Augustan age, were also placed around the grotto. A camera obscura was installed to delight his visitors, of whom there were many. The serendipitous discovery of a spring during its excavations enabled the subterranean retreat to be filled with the relaxing sound of trickling water, which would quietly echo around the chambers. Pope was said to have remarked that: "Were it to have nymphs as well – it would be complete in everything." Although the house and gardens have long since been demolished, much of this grotto still survives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_Pope WIKI]

'''"''Thoo'' are-"'''<br>
Here Dixon realizes he is talking to the one-and-only Timothy Tox, author of ''Pennsylvaniad''. Tox ends up being the "queer, uncollected sort of Townsman, who's been drinking so far in silence" from the previous page.

'''Mr. Wilkes'''<br>
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

'''the Highland Forty-second'''<br>
The 42nd (Royal Highland) Regiment of Foot was an infantry regiment of the British Army. The regiment's lineage could be traced back as far as the 1660s, when independent companies of men were formed to police the Highlands by the local clan chiefs. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/42nd_Regiment_of_Foot WIKI]

There was an allusion to current (novel-wise) Highlanders being stationed around Lancaster during the Paxton Boys Massacre, yet they did nothing; See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_304 304].

'''Who is this King that fires upon his own'''<br>
From Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'', though I seem to remember Wicks at one point voicing this same thought (can't recall the page), possibly first enlightened to him by the smooth poetry of Mr. Tox?

==Page 490==
'''Black Boys'''<br>[[File:BlackWatchPlaid.png|200px|thumb|right|Black Watch plaid]]
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Fort Loudon'''<br>
Fort Loudoun (or Fort Loudon, after the modern spelling of the town) was a fort in colonial Pennsylvania, one of several forts in colonial America named after John Campbell, 4th Earl of Loudoun. The fort was built in 1756 during the French and Indian War by Pennsylvania militia, and served as a post on the Forbes Road during the Forbes expedition that successfully drove the French away from Fort Duquesne. In 1765, following Pontiac's Rebellion, settlers upset with the resumption of trade with Native Americans forced the British garrison to evacuate the fort, part of an uprising known as the Black Boys Rebellion. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Loudoun_%28Pennsylvania%29 WIKI]

'''Prague'''<br>
Prague is the capital and largest city of the Czech Republic. Nicknames for Prague have included "the mother of cities" (Praga mater urbium, or "Praha matka měst" in Czech), "city of a hundred spires", or Stověžatá Praha in Czech and "the golden city" or Zlaté město in Czech. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague WIKI]

'''Black Watch Plaid'''<br>
The plaid worn by the Highlanders, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489]. Also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Royal_Highland_Regiment_%28The_Black_Watch%29 WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

P

2012-12-03T14:55:38Z

Rgiaquinta1:

'''Padang'''<br />
57

'''paduasoy'''<br />
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick'''<br />
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado'''<br />
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian'''<br /> 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph'''<br />
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt'''<br />
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists'''<br />
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count'''<br />
195

'''Paradise of Chance'''<br />
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography'''<br />
141

'''Paranoia'''<br />
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)'''<br />
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu'''''<br />
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of'''<br />
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia'''<br />
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy'''<br />
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys></div>'''Paxton Boys'''<br />
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle'''<br />
381

'''Peace of Paris'''<br />
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.'''<br />
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel'''<br />
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah'''<br />
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>'''<br />
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra'''<br />
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse'''<br />
114

'''Pebble-Lenses'''<br />
549

'''''Péché Mortel'''''<br />
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen'''<br />
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy'''<br />
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf'''<br />
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites'''<br />
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog'''''<br />
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke'''<br />
116

'''Pendennis Point'''<br />
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns'''<br />
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad'''''<br />
217; written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette'''''<br />
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord'''<br />
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle'''<br />
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch'''<br />
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos'''<br />
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion'''<br />
318;

'''Perth Amboy'''<br />
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend'''<br />
773

'''Philadelphia'''<br />
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta'''''<br />
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer'''<br />
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes'''<br />
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions'''''<br />
292; 494

'''Phiz'''<br />
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe'''<br />
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus'''<br />
273

'''Pietist'''<br />
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs'''<br />
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts'''<br />
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules'''<br />
612

'''pinguid'''<br />
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue'''<br />
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)'''<br />
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)'''<br />
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny'''<br />
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza'''''<br />
234-35; 260

'''Plafond'''<br />
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato'''<br />
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides'''<br />
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)'''<br />
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)'''<br />
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous'''<br />
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto'''<br />
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia'''''<br />
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris'''<br />
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate'''<br />
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise'''<br />
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de'''<br />
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee'''<br />
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)'''<br />
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard'''<br />
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)'''<br />
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan'''<br />
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye'''<br />
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish'''<br />
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères'''<br />
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill'''<br />
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power'''<br />
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est'''''<br />
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian'''<br />
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle'''<br />
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John'''<br />
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite'''<br />
698

'''Price, Justice'''<br />
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")'''<br />
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism'''<br />
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom'''<br />
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother'''<br />
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland'''''<br />
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line'''<br />
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus'''<br />
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus'''<br />
142

'''Prospero'''<br />
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island'''<br />
306

'''Prussian Plains'''<br />
613

'''''Pues Entonces'''''<br />
523

'''Pumplenose'''<br />
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice'''<br />
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns'''<br />
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous'''<br />
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies'''<br />
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)'''<br />
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids'''<br />
547

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Rgiaquinta1:

'''Sacques'''<br />
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)'''<br />
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux'''<br />
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry'''<br />
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena'''<br />
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133 [http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's'''<br />
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas'''<br />
352

'''St. Omer'''<br />
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter'''<br />
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)'''<br />
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes'''''<br />
55;

'''Sally Lunn'''<br />
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand'''<br />
669

'''Sandy Bay'''<br />
127; 159

'''Sapperton'''<br />
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95'''<br />
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain'''<br />
683

'''''Scamozz'''''<br />
260;

'''Scanderoon'''<br />
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick'''<br />
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion'''<br />
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag'''''<br />
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill'''<br />
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders'''<br />
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia'''<br />
571;

'''''Scotismus'''''<br />
596

'''Scriblerian'''<br />
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret'''<br />
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse'''''<br />
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal'''<br />
485

'''Seaton Prize'''<br />
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector'''<br />
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim'''<br />
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca'''<br />
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count'''''<br />
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.'''<br />
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler'''<br />
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)'''<br />
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour'''<br />
112

'''''Sha'''''<br />
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William'''<br />
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles'''<br />
289; abattoir

'''Shantung'''<br />
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio'''<br />
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of'''<br />
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese'''<br />
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)'''<br />
497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792); 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat'''<br />
575

'''Shelton, Mr.'''<br />
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin'''''<br />
485

'''Shippen, Mr.'''<br />
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy'''<br />
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg'''<br />
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle'''<br />
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel'''<br />
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.'''<br />
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty'''<br />
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla'''<br />
162;

'''Sideling Hill'''<br />
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill'''<br />
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John'''<br />
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley'''<br />
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius'''<br />
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson'''<br />
119;

'''Six Nations'''<br />
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the'''<br />
565

'''Sizer'''<br />
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon'''<br />
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings'''<br />
633

'''Slad'''<br />
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery'''<br />
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.'''<br />
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe'''<br />
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)'''<br />
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord'''<br />
281;

'''Smith, Captain John'''<br />
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt'''<br />
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam'''<br />
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak'''<br />
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake'''<br />
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh'''<br />
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri'''<br />
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter'''<br />
566

'''Snowball, Billy'''<br />
503

'''Snow, Mr.'''<br />
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year'''<br />
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"'''<br />
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus'''<br />
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray'''<br />
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates'''<br />
283;

'''Sons of Liberty'''<br />
564; 570

'''Soubrette'''<br />
419

'''Soupçon de Trop'''<br />
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

<div id="southmountain"></div>'''South Mountain'''<br />
South Mountain is the northern extension of the Blue Ridge Mountain range in Maryland and Pennsylvania. From the Potomac River near Knoxville, Maryland in the south, to Dillsburg, Pennsylvania in the north, the 70-mile (110 km) long range separates the Hagerstown and Cumberland valleys from the Piedmont regions of the two states. The Appalachian National Scenic Trail follows the crest of the mountain through Maryland and part of its portion in Pennsylvania. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Mountain_(Maryland_and_Pennsylvania) WIKI]
478; [[Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_486|486]]; 491;

'''Spadger'''<br />
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS'''<br />
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor'''<br />
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.'''<br />
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy'''<br />
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line'''<br />
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.'''<br />
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church'''<br />
233;

'''Staithes'''<br />
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act'''<br />
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek'''<br />
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross'''<br />
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire'''<br />
233;

'''Steed'''<br />
577

'''Stephens'''<br />
32;

'''Stepney'''<br />
195;

'''Sterloop'''<br />
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend'''<br />
305;

'''Stichomythia'''<br />
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig'''<br />
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs'''<br />
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund'''<br />
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge'''<br />
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)'''<br />
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50'''<br />
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud'''<br />
167; 197; Wolfe's Men arrive, 312; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart'''<br />
551

'''Stuart Charters'''<br />
226;

'''Stukeleyesque'''<br />
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx'''<br />
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum'''''<br />
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.'''<br />
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws'''<br />
148; <br />

'''SURFACE''':<br />
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying'''<br />
460-61

'''Sutton Pool'''<br />
50;

'''Svånssen'''<br />
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.'''<br />
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts'''<br />
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.'''<br />
192; in The George

'''Sybil'''<br />
591

'''Syncope'''<br />
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa'''<br />
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of'''<br />
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

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