Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

C

2007-10-21T01:02:12Z

Pknut777:

'''C. of E.'''<br />
250; Church of England

'''Cabot'''<br />
141

<div id="caeserini"></div>'''Caesarini, Cardinal'''<br />
591; began Transylvanian Crusade; Official emissary for Pope Eugenius IV in
mid-15th century. In 1444, encouraged the king of Hungary, Ulaszlo I, to violate the [[S#szeged|Truce of Szeged]] and attack the Turks in an attempt to save Constantinople from the Ottoman Empire.

'''Cagliostro, Alessandro Conte (1743-95)'''<br />
358; Italian adventurer, magican, and alchemist who travelled cities of Europe posing as physician, mesmerist, necromancer, and Freemason. Cagliostro claimed to know the secret of the philosopher's stone as well as miraculous philtres and potions. He was implicated in the Diamond Necklace affair, imprisoned and acquitted but left for Rome in 1789, where Inquisition charged him with heresy and sorcery and condemned him to die, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison where he died in a dungeon.

'''Calathumpians'''<br />
582; Slang: "beggars"

'''calendar reform'''<br />
''See'' [[E#eleven|Eleven Missing Days]]

<div id="Calverts"></div>'''Calverts'''<br />
268; Sir George Calvert (1580-1632), the first Lord Baltimore, was granted the colonial territory of Maryland by James I, but he died just prior to the charter being granted in 1632; Frederick Calvert, the sixth Lord Baltimore (from 1751 to 1777), was the man during the surveying of the M-D Line; Frederick, 301; Calvert agents, 337; Dixon's Calvert connections, 393

'''Cannibalism'''<br />
384; 386

'''Canny Bob'''<br />
734; "chased by the Romans"

'''Cape Constantia'''<br />
165; wine

'''Cape Henlopen'''<br />
258; at the mouth of Delaware Bay, opposite Cape May, NJ. The beginning of the Mason-Dixon line is about twenty miles south of Cape Henlopen, at the Fenwick Island lighthouse.

'''Capella'''<br />
310; a binary Latitude-Star - Capella (She-Goat) is the topmost star in the Constellation Auriga (The Charioteer); 332

'''Caput Draconis'''<br />
188; London's Zenith-star

'''Carillon'''<br />
244

'''Cariño'''<br />
431

'''Carnatic'''<br />
131; region SE India between Eastern Ghats and Coromandel coast now in Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka. It's coastline is in Andhra Pradesh, and is on the Bay of Bengal.

'''Carpenter, John'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by a falling tree

'''Cartagena and Minorca'''<br />
729; A reference to the [[S#seven|Seven Years War]], which began in 1756. Britain became involved because of competition with France for colonies in India and America. Minorca was taken from the British by a large French fleet; Admiral John Byng was sent to the rescue, but was forced to retreat to Gibraltar. This is the same year as the [[B#blackhole|Black Hole of Calcutta]], instigated by the Nawwab of Bengal, which gave the British reason to intervene. Robert Clive retook Calcutta, and won control of Bengal, India's richest province, the following year, thus laying the foundations of the British Empire in India.

'''Casanova'''<br />
260

'''Caseifaction'''<br />
167; the act of turning into cheese

'''Castle Rock'''<br />
175; on St. Helena

'''''casus belli'''''<br />
675; Latin: "occasion of war" - an event that allegedly justifies war or conflict

'''Catawba'''<br />
675; tribe at war with Iriquois

'''Catfish, Chief'''<br />
673; Delaware tribe; 680

'''Cavendish, Henry'''<br />
730; "error he pointed out regarding the Allegheny Mountains"

'''Cecil County'''<br />
469; Cecil is the North
Eastern-most county in Maryland, with Cecilton close to the Tangent Line near its Southern border and including Octarara in its North West corner. It
is bounded by the Susquehanna and Sassafras Rivers on its West and
South sides and by the Line and the Tangent Line on its North and East. The emblem of Cecil Country is apparently a depiction of a male & female [d.html#duck">duck</a> flying together.

'''Celebes'''<br />
311; perfumes of; Now known as Sulawesi, this is an island off E. Borneo

'''Céléron'''<br />
548; his Lead Plates<br />

:The lead plates of Céléron de Bienville, referenced by George Washington, are real. In a show of force to Pennsylvania traders who had begun settling more and more west into the French-owned Ohio River Valley, de Bienville sailed down the Ohio River by way of the Scioto River in August 1749. Along the way at strategic points he buried leaden plates inscribed with the declaration of title to the lands.

'''Celts'''<br />
310

'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br />
503; Latin: "other things being equal"

<div id="chain"></div>'''Chain of Being, Great'''<br />
365, 417-18, 438; The Western Middle Ages conception of culture that describes Being as like a great chain with the top representing perfection in the highest degree (aka God) and the bottom representing the least possible perfection, which is nothingness (but not Evil). The chain in its entirety represents all degrees of perfection from the highest and fullest to the lowest and least; it is complete. Traditionally, it was also fixed; only God (e.g., Lucifer's fall and various miracles) and alchemists could cause a reordering.

In 1761, a book called ''Natural History of Animals'' by George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (commonly refered to as "Buffon") (1707-1788), used the chain to justify colonization, placing Europeans above the natives they ruled. <ref>[http://www.purifymind.com/GeorgeLeclerc.htm Read more...]</ref>

See also: [http://www.earlham.edu/suber/courses/re/chain.htm The Great Chain of Being], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_chain_of_being Wikipedia entry]

An astute reader on the [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22416&sort=author Pynchon L] pointed out links to Hawthorne's ''Ethan Brand'': "He had lost his hold of the magnetic chain of humanity. He was no longer a brother-man, opening the chambers or the dungeons of our common nature by the key of holy sympathy, which gave him a right to share in all its secrets; he was now a cold observer, looking on mankind as the subject of his experiment, and, at length, converting man and woman to be his puppets, and pulling the wires that moved them to such degrees of crime as were demanded for his study."

'''Chalford'''<br />
184; where Bradley dies

'''Cham, The'''<br />
744; aka Dr. Johnson

'''Chancery'''<br />
257;

'''Chandler's Dogs'''<br />
403

'''Changhaienne, La'''<br />
27

'''Chantry, Mr.'''<br />
304; lawyer in Philadelphia

'''Chaos Theory'''<br />
281; 364

'''Chapman'''<br />
674

'''Chapter-Ring'''<br />
147; a ringlike band on the dial of a clock which bears the numerals or other sympbols of the hours

<div id="charles-l"></div>'''Charles I (1600-49)'''<br />
550; king of England and Ireland, 1625-49;

'''Charles II (1630-85)'''<br />
335; king of Scotland and England from 1660; brother of James II (aka Duke of
York), 336; 721

'''Charles' Wain'''<br />
653; aka Ursa Major, referring to King Charles of France

'''Charter'd Companies'''<br />
252; The lord proprietors of England's colonial trading companies claimed special protections over their incorporated businesses, extended through their divinely granted authority, including permanency of incorporation, limited liability, and the legal authority to be free from community and worker interference. These protections were initially limited by the American colonists, whose intent in this area was to create a nation where the citizenry were the government and the government controlled the corporations--by ensuring that, if a corporation violated its agreement to obey all laws, to serve the public good, and to cause no harm, its charter would be revoked.

'''Chatfield'''<br />
41; "There's something wrong with our bloody [not "dam'd"] ships today, Chatfield" - David Beatty (1st Earl Beatty), British Admiral of the Fleet (1916 - 1919), at the Battle of Jutland in 1916; quoted in Winston Churchill's ''The World Crisis 1916-1918'' (1927) pt. 1, p. 129.

'''Chauncy'''<br />
251

'''Chen, Miss'''<br />
628; "operatick Personage"

'''Cheroot, Zoot'''<br />
766

'''Cherrycoke, Elizabeth ("Zab")'''<br />
759; Wicks' sister who is married to J. Wade LeSpark; ''See'' [[L#zab|LeSpark, Elizabeth]]

'''Cherrycoke, Reverend Wicks'''<br />
6; the storyteller who, in a situation modeled on Scheherazade's in the ''Arabian Nights'', may remain at the home of Ives LeSpark as long as he can keep the children (and of course the "Sultan" himself) entertained with his tale; Scheherazade, who married the murderous King Schahriyar, was able to extend her life by telling the king an enchanting story which remained incomplete at the end of each telling; the name "Wicks" also dovetails nicely with [[T#tenebrae|Tenebrae]] and has other interesting [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Etymological musings]]; on the ''Seahorse'', 35; 85; ''Spiritual Day-Book'', 275; ''Christ and History'', 349; [http://www.meru.org/Posters/lampwick.html Lamp & Wick]

'''chess'''<br />
55; 294

'''Chesterfield, Lord'''<br />
193; 557

'''Chester-le-Street'''<br />
243; town about 10 miles N of Durham

<div id="Chew"></div>'''Chew, Benjamin'''<br />'''
327; one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania; 436

'''Chippendale'''<br />
336, 413, 421; Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''Chisel, Le'''<br />
27; 28

'''Christ, Jesus H.'''<br />
26; 101; 231; 260-61; 264; 288; ''Christ and History'', 349; Eucharistic
Sacrament, 384, 385; 409; Widows of, 419; goes away, 480-81; making Golems,
486; Holy Trinity, 495; Ascent to Christ, 511; 520; Wolf of Jesus, 522; Return,
568; Birth, 631; loaves and fishes, 700; 726

'''Chronometer'''<br />
213; a very exact timepiece, usu. for use in determining longitude at sea. Now can mean any accurate timepiece; 321

'''Chronoscope'''<br />
177: primarily a timing device for reaction-time experiments, used to measure time during extremely brief intervals

'''''Cicinielli'''''<br />

235; Neopolitan fish dish

'''Cilial Excursion'''<br />
283

'''Cilice'''<br />
230; Jesuit chastity belt, a wire girdle with sharp metallic points to irritate the skin; from Latin (''cilicia'': course garment made from haircloth); 520

:'''Cilice:''' a spiked chain worn around the upper thigh for two hours each day, except for Church feast days, Sundays, and certain times of the year. This is perhaps the most shocking of the corporal mortifications, and generally Opus Dei members are extremely hesitant to admit that they use them. It is a painful mortification which leaves small prick holes in the flesh, and makes the Opus Dei members tentative about wearing swim suits wherever non-Opus Dei members may be. <ref>[http://www.odan.org/archives_corporal.htm Opus Dei Website]</ref>

'''Circumferentor'''<br />
241; 301; an instrument used in surveying to measure horizontal angles

'''Cities'''<br />
289; 292; 309; 344; of Earth, 385; London, 391; "great Mother-City" 522; 548;
"Anti-City" 609; 671; night-time, 749; in Chaos, 750; 771

'''Clasper, Henry'''<br />
100

<div id="clive"></div>'''Clive of Plassy, Robert, Lord (1725-74)'''<br />
74; aka "Clive of India"; English soldier and administrator who joined the East India Company in Madras. He attempted suicide, failed at it, and eventually distinguished himself against the French-Indian forces in Madras and, after marrying Margaret Maskelyne, returned to Britain a hero; he returned to India and avenged the Black Hole of Calcutta incident by retaking Calcutta and, at Plassy, he defeated the Nawab of Bengal. He returned to India several more times to aid the East India Company, but ultimately drew the opprobrium of parliament and committed suicide; brother-in-law of N. Maskelyne; 130; 160; 187; [[Dr. Johnson#clive|Dr. Johnson 'pon]]

'''Clocks'''<br />
121-24; 155

'''Clonfert'''<br />
134; location of monastery founded by Saint Brendan

'''Cloud Hill'''<br />
193

'''Clovis'''<br />
297; working on Obs in Philadelphia; Clovis could be a reference to the first Frankish King. Under the Romans that big area between the Channel and the Alps was known as Gaul, after the Celts living there. Clovis and his Franks were a conquering Germanic tribe, and Clovis is more or less considered history's first Frenchman.

'''Coal'''<br />
219; 418; 468

<div id="cobra"></div>'''Cobra'''<br />
550; "Once it was a Cyst, growing within the Brain of a Cobra"; [[/pynchon/mason-dixon/extra/cobra.html">Discussion</a>]; ''See also'' [d.html#dasp">Capt. Dasp</a>

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br />
504; near where Dixon lived and which he avoided; Cockfield is a small village just a few miles north of [[S#staindrop|Staindrop]] and a
few miles West of Bishop Auckland in County Durham. Staindrop is a lovely
little village with Raby Castle just on its edge. The Cockfield road heads out into open land and is quite bleak by contrast with the comfortable and
civilized feel of Staindrop.

'''Cock Lane Ghost'''<br />
183; in London; 359; 747

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon'''<br />
376; other Mechanickal Fowl

'''Coffee'''<br />
"administering Enemas of Lucas the Cook's notorious Coffee" 54; 356; 467; "ingenious College Coffee Machine" 515

'''College of William and Mary'''<br />
571; Nathe McClean attending, 573

'''collier'''<br />
26; a ship that transports coal

'''Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506)'''<br /> 487; First European to discover America; b. Genoa, Italy. In Portugal, he became a master mariner and was determined to reach India by sailing west. After eight years of supplication, he received the backing of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I. On Oct. 12, 1492, his ships, the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria, reached Watling Island, in the Bahama group; later they touched Cuba and Hispaniola. He was made an admiral and governor general of all new lands. In 1493 he set sail with 17 ships, exploring Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands, and founding a colony in Hispaniola. In 1498 he explored Venezuela, realizing that he had found a continent. Because of disreputable conditions in Hispaniola, he was replaced as governor in 1500 and returned to Spain in chains. On his last voyage (1502) he reached Central America. Although he is considered a master navigator today, he died in neglect, almost forgotten.

'''Complexity Theory'''<br />
373; e.g. the Mechanickal Duck

'''Comte de St.-Germain'''<br />
358

<div id="condamine"></div>'''Condamine, Charles Marie de La (1701-74)'''<br />
544; French scientist and member of the Académie Royale des Sciences, studied at the Jesuit College of Louis-le-Grand in Paris. In April 1735 La
Condamine made a successful expedition to Peru with [[B#bouguer|Bouguer]] and [[L#lemaire|LeMaire]] to measure the length of a degree of meridian at the equator; LeMaire in Peru with, 544; <ref>[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/La_Condamine.html Online Biography]</ref>

'''Conestoga'''<br />
304; site of Indian Massacre; Waggons, 638; [[Lancaster & Conestoga|MORE]]

<div id="conflans"></div>'''Conflans'''<br />
27; Hubert de Brienne, Count de Conflans, was commander of the French fleet trapped by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's]] fleet in Quiberon Bay and soundly defeated in 1759

'''Conococheague'''<br />
499

'''Conoloways'''<br />
608; "The Tonoloways (a.k.a. Conolloway) Settlement was the site of numerous
disputes - both with Indians and Governments, the latter due to conflicts over
the state line between Maryland and Pennsylvania - a state line which
Tonoloways straddled, not always successfully, as is shown below. To research
the Combs of Tonoloways, it has been necessary to first become familiar with
the county organizations of both Pennsylvania and Maryland." From a now-defunct website.

<div id="consubstantiate"></div>'''consubstantiate'''<br>
367; the union of the Christ's body with the Eucharist (as opposed to transubstantiate)

'''Continentals'''<br />
294

'''Cooch Girls'''<br />
21; Slang: prostitutes

'''Cookworthy, Mr.'''<br />
61

'''Cookie'''<br />
243

<div id="coote"></div>'''Coote, Eyre (1726-83)'''<br />
478; Commander of the East India Company forces in Bengal commander-in
charge in India. He led the British against the French in the Battle of
Wandiwash; Battle of Wandiwash, 564; ''See also'' [[B#wandiwash|Battle of Wandiwash]]

'''Cope, Mr.'''<br />
7; chain-man on M-D Line crew; 445; impersonating M&D with Darby, 471

'''Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)'''<br />
545; Polish astronomer who, in 1530, completed his ''De Revolutionibus'' which
proved that the sun was the centre of the universe; it was published in 1543,
just prior to his death

'''Copley Medal'''<br />
708; John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) is considered by many to be
America's first great artist  although he ended up living and
dying in London. He mainly painted Tories, and was ineffectually involved in some negotiations with the "violent Sons of Liberty" in the run up to the Boston Tea Party. His painting "Paul Revere" is considered to be (in the words of Robert Hughes in ''American Visions'') "one of the icons of American identity." His "The Death of Chatham" depicts the death by stroke of the Pitt the Elder.

'''coprophagously'''<br />
428; shit-eating

'''Coracles'''<br />
487; a kind of boat made of animal skins that has been in use since ancient times

'''Corf'''<br />
439; A large basket formerly used for conveying, hoisting, or delivering, mineral coal or ore

'''Cornwallis'''<br />
264; "surrender of"

'''Cotswold Waggon'''<br />
168; carries the Great Octuple Cheese

'''Cousins'''<br />
259

'''Covent Garden'''<br />
136; "Covent" is a corruption of "Convent"; the garden and burial ground attached
to the convent or Abbey of Westminster; in the 18th century, with its numerous
coffee-houses and taverns, it was a favored hang-out of poets, actors and
artists; it was also the site of the Covent Garden Theatre which opened in 1732;
518; 527; 643; 674

'''Crapaud, Jean'''<br />
11; Slang for a Frenchman (''crapaud'' = frog)

'''Crawfford, Hugh'''<br />
600; M&D's interpreter; 646; 648; dulcimer tune, 670

'''Creature'''<br />
''See'' [[G#Golems|Golems]]

'''Creeping Nick'''<br />
680; Mason's horse

<div id="cresap"></div>'''Cresap, Thomas'''<br />
276; [[S#smith|Samuel Smith's]] adversary, aka "The Beast of Baltimore" and "The Maryland Monster". Cresap was a surveyor and a defender of the Calvert's boundary claims. In 1736, Smith, a Pennsylvanian, burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt. Once arrested, Cresap was taken by Smith and his men to a Philadelphia jail (upon entering Rhiladelphia, Cresap is said to have exclaimed to George Aston, one of his guards, "Damn it, Aston, this is one of the Prettyest Towns in Maryland"). Apparently, Cresap was so obnoxious that the Pennsylvanians quickly asked him to leave the prison and return home. He replied that he refused to leave until he was ordered to by the King. The order came on August 18, 1737. Kenneth P. Bailey, Cresap's biographer, seems to indirectly connect the "Maryland Monster" nickname with this event. (Thanks to Keith Woodward) [[Charles Mason's Journal#cresap|Mason's Journal Entry]]; [[Thomas Cresap|Cresap Biography]]; Grandfather, 584; 638

'''Crochet'''<br />
702; personal quirk

'''Crofter's hut'''<br />
522

'''Cromorne, Reverend'''<br />
197; French: "crooked horn"; alternative spelling in English for krummhorn

'''Cromwell, Oliver'''<br />
226

'''Crooked Finger Inn'''<br />
687; in Delaware

'''Crosier, Sister'''<br />
519; a Jesuit

'''Cross Keys, The'''<br />
341; where M&D stay in Lancaster

'''Crusade'''<br />
588

'''''Cryptoscope'''''<br />
301

'''Cudgel and Throck'''<br />
227; Emerson's "local" in County Durham; a cudgel is a short heavy club; a throck is a spell that causes plants to grow, or also seen defined as "the piece of Timber on which the Suck is fixed, on a plough."

'''Cumberland'''<br />
586

'''Cygnus'''<br />
673; constellation

<div id="cymry"></div>'''Cymry'''<br />
600; Welsh name for the Welsh people; the Celtic
peoples considered themselves to be individual nations, and not part of some greater "Celtic" nation. The Welsh thought of themselves as Cymry or
Britons, the Irish thought of themselves as Gael, etc. [[Hugh Gadarn|MORE...]]; ''See also'' [[H#hu|Hu Gadarn]]

===References===
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

C

2007-10-21T01:00:22Z

Pknut777:

'''C. of E.'''<br />
250; Church of England

'''Cabot'''<br />
141

<div id="caeserini"></div>'''Caesarini, Cardinal'''<br />
591; began Transylvanian Crusade; Official emissary for Pope Eugenius IV in
mid-15th century. In 1444, encouraged the king of Hungary, Ulaszlo I, to violate the [[S#szeged|Truce of Szeged]] and attack the Turks in an attempt to save Constantinople from the Ottoman Empire.

'''Cagliostro, Alessandro Conte (1743-95)'''<br />
358; Italian adventurer, magican, and alchemist who travelled cities of Europe posing as physician, mesmerist, necromancer, and Freemason. Cagliostro claimed to know the secret of the philosopher's stone as well as miraculous philtres and potions. He was implicated in the Diamond Necklace affair, imprisoned and acquitted but left for Rome in 1789, where Inquisition charged him with heresy and sorcery and condemned him to die, but his sentence was commuted to life in prison where he died in a dungeon.

'''Calathumpians'''<br />
582; Slang: "beggars"

'''calendar reform'''<br />
''See'' [[E#eleven|Eleven Missing Days]]

<div id="Calverts"></div>'''Calverts'''<br />
268; Sir George Calvert (1580-1632), the first Lord Baltimore, was granted the colonial territory of Maryland by James I, but he died just prior to the charter being granted in 1632; Frederick Calvert, the sixth Lord Baltimore (from 1751 to 1777), was the man during the surveying of the M-D Line; Frederick, 301; Calvert agents, 337; Dixon's Calvert connections, 393

'''Cannibalism'''<br />
384; 386

'''Canny Bob'''<br />
734; "chased by the Romans"

'''Cape Constantia'''<br />
165; wine

'''Cape Henlopen'''<br />
258; at the mouth of Delaware Bay, opposite Cape May, NJ. The beginning of the Mason-Dixon line is about twenty miles south of Cape Henlopen, at the Fenwick Island lighthouse.

'''Capella'''<br />
310; a binary Latitude-Star - Capella (She-Goat) is the topmost star in the Constellation Auriga (The Charioteer); 332

'''Caput Draconis'''<br />
188; London's Zenith-star

'''Carillon'''<br />
244

'''Cariño'''<br />
431

'''Carnatic'''<br />
131; region SE India between Eastern Ghats and Coromandel coast now in Andhra
Pradesh and Karnataka. It's coastline is in Andhra Pradesh, and is on the Bay of Bengal.

'''Carpenter, John'''<br />
672; M-D Line crewman killed by a falling tree

'''Cartagena and Minorca'''<br />
729; A reference to the [[S#seven|Seven Years War]], which began in 1756. Britain became involved because of competition with France for colonies in India and America. Minorca was taken from the British by a large French fleet; Admiral John Byng was sent to the rescue, but was forced to retreat to Gibraltar. This is the same year as the [[B#blackhole|Black Hole of Calcutta]], instigated by the Nawwab of Bengal, which gave the British reason to intervene. Robert Clive retook Calcutta, and won control of Bengal, India's richest province, the following year, thus laying the foundations of the British Empire in India.

'''Casanova'''<br />
260

'''Caseifaction'''<br />
167; the act of turning into cheese

'''Castle Rock'''<br />
175; on St. Helena

'''''casus belli'''''<br />
675; Latin: "occasion of war" - an event that allegedly justifies war or conflict

'''Catawba'''<br />
675; tribe at war with Iriquois

'''Catfish, Chief'''<br />
673; Delaware tribe; 680

'''Cavendish, Henry'''<br />
730; "error he pointed out regarding the Allegheny Mountains"

'''Cecil County'''<br />
469; Cecil is the North
Eastern-most county in Maryland, with Cecilton close to the Tangent Line near its Southern border and including Octarara in its North West corner. It
is bounded by the Susquehanna and Sassafras Rivers on its West and
South sides and by the Line and the Tangent Line on its North and East. The emblem of Cecil Country is apparently a depiction of a male & female [d.html#duck">duck</a> flying together.

'''Celebes'''<br />
311; perfumes of; Now known as Sulawesi, this is an island off E. Borneo

'''Céléron'''<br />
548; his Lead Plates<br />

:The lead plates of Céléron de Bienville, referenced by George Washington, are real. In a show of force to Pennsylvania traders who had begun settling more and more west into the French-owned Ohio River Valley, de Bienville sailed down the Ohio River by way of the Scioto River in August 1749. Along the way at strategic points he buried leaden plates inscribed with the declaration of title to the lands.

'''Celts'''<br />
310

'''''ceteris paribus'''''<br />
503; Latin: "other things being equal"

<div id="chain"></div>'''Chain of Being, Great'''<br />
365, 417-18, 438; The Western Middle Ages conception of culture that describes Being as like a great chain with the top representing perfection in the highest degree (aka God) and the bottom representing the least possible perfection, which is nothingness (but not Evil). The chain in its entirety represents all degrees of perfection from the highest and fullest to the lowest and least; it is complete. Traditionally, it was also fixed; only God (e.g., Lucifer's fall and various miracles) and alchemists could cause a reordering.

In 1761, a book called ''Natural History of Animals'' by George Louis Leclerc, Comte de Buffon (commonly refered to as "Buffon") (1707-1788), used the chain to justify colonization, placing Europeans above the natives they ruled. <ref>[http://www.purifymind.com/GeorgeLeclerc.htm Read more...]</ref>

See also: [http://www.earlham.edu/suber/courses/re/chain.htm The Great Chain of Being], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_chain_of_being Wikipedia entry]

An astute reader on the [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22416&sort=author Pynchon L] pointed out links to Hawthorne's ''Ethan Brand'': "He had lost his hold of the magnetic chain of humanity. He was no longer a brother-man, opening the chambers or the dungeons of our common nature by the key of holy sympathy, which gave him a right to share in all its secrets; he was now a cold observer, looking on mankind as the subject of his experiment, and, at length, converting man and woman to be his puppets, and pulling the wires that moved them to such degrees of crime as were demanded for his study."

'''Chalford'''<br />
184; where Bradley dies

'''Cham, The'''<br />
744; aka Dr. Johnson

'''Chancery'''<br />
257;

'''Chandler's Dogs'''<br />
403

'''Changhaienne, La'''<br />
27

'''Chantry, Mr.'''<br />
304; lawyer in Philadelphia

'''Chaos Theory'''<br />
281; 364

'''Chapman'''<br />
674

'''Chapter-Ring'''<br />
147; a ringlike band on the dial of a clock which bears the numerals or other sympbols of the hours

<div id="charles-l"></div>'''Charles I (1600-49)'''<br />
550; king of England and Ireland, 1625-49;

'''Charles II (1630-85)'''<br />
335; king of Scotland and England from 1660; brother of James II (aka Duke of
York), 336; 721

'''Charles' Wain'''<br />
653; aka Ursa Major, referring to King Charles of France

'''Charter'd Companies'''<br />
252; The lord proprietors of England's colonial trading companies claimed special protections over their incorporated businesses, extended through their divinely granted authority, including permanency of incorporation, limited liability, and the legal authority to be free from community and worker interference. These protections were initially limited by the American colonists, whose intent in this area was to create a nation where the citizenry were the government and the government controlled the corporations--by ensuring that, if a corporation violated its agreement to obey all laws, to serve the public good, and to cause no harm, its charter would be revoked.

'''Chatfield'''<br />
41; "There's something wrong with our bloody [not "dam'd"] ships today, Chatfield" - David Beatty (1st Earl Beatty), British Admiral of the Fleet (1916 - 1919), at the Battle of Jutland in 1916; quoted in Winston Churchill's ''The World Crisis 1916-1918'' (1927) pt. 1, p. 129.

'''Chauncy'''<br />
251

'''Chen, Miss'''<br />
628; "operatick Personage"

'''Cheroot, Zoot'''<br />
766

'''Cherrycoke, Elizabeth ("Zab")'''<br />
759; Wicks' sister who is married to J. Wade LeSpark; ''See'' [[L#zab|LeSpark, Elizabeth]]

'''Cherrycoke, Reverend Wicks'''<br />
6; the storyteller who, in a situation modeled on Scheherazade's in the ''Arabian Nights'', may remain at the home of Ives LeSpark as long as he can keep the children (and of course the "Sultan" himself) entertained with his tale; Scheherazade, who married the murderous King Schahriyar, was able to extend her life by telling the king an enchanting story which remained incomplete at the end of each telling; the name "Wicks" also dovetails nicely with [[T#tenebrae|Tenebrae]] and has other interesting [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke|Etymological musings]]; on the ''Seahorse'', 35; 85; ''Spiritual Day-Book'', 275; ''Christ and History'', 349; [http://www.meru.org/Posters/lampwick.html Lamp & Wick]

'''chess'''<br />
55; 294

'''Chesterfield, Lord'''<br />
193; 557

'''Chester-le-Street'''<br />
243; town about 10 miles N of Durham

<div id="Chew"></div>'''Chew, Benjamin'''<br />'''
327; one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania; 436

'''Chippendale'''<br />
336, 413, 421; Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''Chisel, Le'''<br />
27; 28

'''Christ, Jesus H.'''<br />
26; 101; 231; 260-61; 264; 288; ''Christ and History'', 349; Eucharistic
Sacrament, 384, 385; 409; Widows of, 419; goes away, 480-81; making Golems,
486; Holy Trinity, 495; Ascent to Christ, 511; 520; Wolf of Jesus, 522; Return,
568; Birth, 631; loaves and fishes, 700; 726

'''Chronometer'''<br />
213; a very exact timepiece, usu. for use in determining longitude at sea. Now can mean any accurate timepiece; 321

'''Chronoscope'''<br />
177: primarily a timing device for reaction-time experiments, used to measure time during extremely brief intervals

'''''Cicinielli'''''<br />

235; Neopolitan fish dish

'''Cilial Excursion'''<br />
283

'''Cilice'''<br />
230; Jesuit chastity belt, a wire girdle with sharp metallic points to irritate the skin; from Latin (''cilicia'': course garment made from haircloth); 520

:'''Cilice:''' a spiked chain worn around the upper thigh for two hours each day, except for Church feast days, Sundays, and certain times of the year. This is perhaps the most shocking of the corporal mortifications, and generally Opus Dei members are extremely hesitant to admit that they use them. It is a painful mortification which leaves small prick holes in the flesh, and makes the Opus Dei members tentative about wearing swim suits wherever non-Opus Dei members may be. <ref>[http://www.odan.org/archives_corporal.htm Opus Dei Website]</ref>

'''Circumferentor'''<br />
241; 301

'''Cities'''<br />
289; 292; 309; 344; of Earth, 385; London, 391; "great Mother-City" 522; 548;
"Anti-City" 609; 671; night-time, 749; in Chaos, 750; 771

'''Clasper, Henry'''<br />
100

<div id="clive"></div>'''Clive of Plassy, Robert, Lord (1725-74)'''<br />
74; aka "Clive of India"; English soldier and administrator who joined the East India Company in Madras. He attempted suicide, failed at it, and eventually distinguished himself against the French-Indian forces in Madras and, after marrying Margaret Maskelyne, returned to Britain a hero; he returned to India and avenged the Black Hole of Calcutta incident by retaking Calcutta and, at Plassy, he defeated the Nawab of Bengal. He returned to India several more times to aid the East India Company, but ultimately drew the opprobrium of parliament and committed suicide; brother-in-law of N. Maskelyne; 130; 160; 187; [[Dr. Johnson#clive|Dr. Johnson 'pon]]

'''Clocks'''<br />
121-24; 155

'''Clonfert'''<br />
134; location of monastery founded by Saint Brendan

'''Cloud Hill'''<br />
193

'''Clovis'''<br />
297; working on Obs in Philadelphia; Clovis could be a reference to the first Frankish King. Under the Romans that big area between the Channel and the Alps was known as Gaul, after the Celts living there. Clovis and his Franks were a conquering Germanic tribe, and Clovis is more or less considered history's first Frenchman.

'''Coal'''<br />
219; 418; 468

<div id="cobra"></div>'''Cobra'''<br />
550; "Once it was a Cyst, growing within the Brain of a Cobra"; [[/pynchon/mason-dixon/extra/cobra.html">Discussion</a>]; ''See also'' [d.html#dasp">Capt. Dasp</a>

'''Cockfield Fell'''<br />
504; near where Dixon lived and which he avoided; Cockfield is a small village just a few miles north of [[S#staindrop|Staindrop]] and a
few miles West of Bishop Auckland in County Durham. Staindrop is a lovely
little village with Raby Castle just on its edge. The Cockfield road heads out into open land and is quite bleak by contrast with the comfortable and
civilized feel of Staindrop.

'''Cock Lane Ghost'''<br />
183; in London; 359; 747

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon'''<br />
376; other Mechanickal Fowl

'''Coffee'''<br />
"administering Enemas of Lucas the Cook's notorious Coffee" 54; 356; 467; "ingenious College Coffee Machine" 515

'''College of William and Mary'''<br />
571; Nathe McClean attending, 573

'''collier'''<br />
26; a ship that transports coal

'''Columbus, Christopher (1451-1506)'''<br /> 487; First European to discover America; b. Genoa, Italy. In Portugal, he became a master mariner and was determined to reach India by sailing west. After eight years of supplication, he received the backing of the Spanish monarchs Ferdinand V and Isabella I. On Oct. 12, 1492, his ships, the Niña, Pinta, and Santa Maria, reached Watling Island, in the Bahama group; later they touched Cuba and Hispaniola. He was made an admiral and governor general of all new lands. In 1493 he set sail with 17 ships, exploring Puerto Rico and the Leeward Islands, and founding a colony in Hispaniola. In 1498 he explored Venezuela, realizing that he had found a continent. Because of disreputable conditions in Hispaniola, he was replaced as governor in 1500 and returned to Spain in chains. On his last voyage (1502) he reached Central America. Although he is considered a master navigator today, he died in neglect, almost forgotten.

'''Complexity Theory'''<br />
373; e.g. the Mechanickal Duck

'''Comte de St.-Germain'''<br />
358

<div id="condamine"></div>'''Condamine, Charles Marie de La (1701-74)'''<br />
544; French scientist and member of the Académie Royale des Sciences, studied at the Jesuit College of Louis-le-Grand in Paris. In April 1735 La
Condamine made a successful expedition to Peru with [[B#bouguer|Bouguer]] and [[L#lemaire|LeMaire]] to measure the length of a degree of meridian at the equator; LeMaire in Peru with, 544; <ref>[http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/La_Condamine.html Online Biography]</ref>

'''Conestoga'''<br />
304; site of Indian Massacre; Waggons, 638; [[Lancaster & Conestoga|MORE]]

<div id="conflans"></div>'''Conflans'''<br />
27; Hubert de Brienne, Count de Conflans, was commander of the French fleet trapped by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's]] fleet in Quiberon Bay and soundly defeated in 1759

'''Conococheague'''<br />
499

'''Conoloways'''<br />
608; "The Tonoloways (a.k.a. Conolloway) Settlement was the site of numerous
disputes - both with Indians and Governments, the latter due to conflicts over
the state line between Maryland and Pennsylvania - a state line which
Tonoloways straddled, not always successfully, as is shown below. To research
the Combs of Tonoloways, it has been necessary to first become familiar with
the county organizations of both Pennsylvania and Maryland." From a now-defunct website.

<div id="consubstantiate"></div>'''consubstantiate'''<br>
367; the union of the Christ's body with the Eucharist (as opposed to transubstantiate)

'''Continentals'''<br />
294

'''Cooch Girls'''<br />
21; Slang: prostitutes

'''Cookworthy, Mr.'''<br />
61

'''Cookie'''<br />
243

<div id="coote"></div>'''Coote, Eyre (1726-83)'''<br />
478; Commander of the East India Company forces in Bengal commander-in
charge in India. He led the British against the French in the Battle of
Wandiwash; Battle of Wandiwash, 564; ''See also'' [[B#wandiwash|Battle of Wandiwash]]

'''Cope, Mr.'''<br />
7; chain-man on M-D Line crew; 445; impersonating M&D with Darby, 471

'''Copernicus, Nicholas (1473-1543)'''<br />
545; Polish astronomer who, in 1530, completed his ''De Revolutionibus'' which
proved that the sun was the centre of the universe; it was published in 1543,
just prior to his death

'''Copley Medal'''<br />
708; John Singleton Copley (1738-1815) is considered by many to be
America's first great artist  although he ended up living and
dying in London. He mainly painted Tories, and was ineffectually involved in some negotiations with the "violent Sons of Liberty" in the run up to the Boston Tea Party. His painting "Paul Revere" is considered to be (in the words of Robert Hughes in ''American Visions'') "one of the icons of American identity." His "The Death of Chatham" depicts the death by stroke of the Pitt the Elder.

'''coprophagously'''<br />
428; shit-eating

'''Coracles'''<br />
487; a kind of boat made of animal skins that has been in use since ancient times

'''Corf'''<br />
439; A large basket formerly used for conveying, hoisting, or delivering, mineral coal or ore

'''Cornwallis'''<br />
264; "surrender of"

'''Cotswold Waggon'''<br />
168; carries the Great Octuple Cheese

'''Cousins'''<br />
259

'''Covent Garden'''<br />
136; "Covent" is a corruption of "Convent"; the garden and burial ground attached
to the convent or Abbey of Westminster; in the 18th century, with its numerous
coffee-houses and taverns, it was a favored hang-out of poets, actors and
artists; it was also the site of the Covent Garden Theatre which opened in 1732;
518; 527; 643; 674

'''Crapaud, Jean'''<br />
11; Slang for a Frenchman (''crapaud'' = frog)

'''Crawfford, Hugh'''<br />
600; M&D's interpreter; 646; 648; dulcimer tune, 670

'''Creature'''<br />
''See'' [[G#Golems|Golems]]

'''Creeping Nick'''<br />
680; Mason's horse

<div id="cresap"></div>'''Cresap, Thomas'''<br />
276; [[S#smith|Samuel Smith's]] adversary, aka "The Beast of Baltimore" and "The Maryland Monster". Cresap was a surveyor and a defender of the Calvert's boundary claims. In 1736, Smith, a Pennsylvanian, burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt. Once arrested, Cresap was taken by Smith and his men to a Philadelphia jail (upon entering Rhiladelphia, Cresap is said to have exclaimed to George Aston, one of his guards, "Damn it, Aston, this is one of the Prettyest Towns in Maryland"). Apparently, Cresap was so obnoxious that the Pennsylvanians quickly asked him to leave the prison and return home. He replied that he refused to leave until he was ordered to by the King. The order came on August 18, 1737. Kenneth P. Bailey, Cresap's biographer, seems to indirectly connect the "Maryland Monster" nickname with this event. (Thanks to Keith Woodward) [[Charles Mason's Journal#cresap|Mason's Journal Entry]]; [[Thomas Cresap|Cresap Biography]]; Grandfather, 584; 638

'''Crochet'''<br />
702; personal quirk

'''Crofter's hut'''<br />
522

'''Cromorne, Reverend'''<br />
197; French: "crooked horn"; alternative spelling in English for krummhorn

'''Cromwell, Oliver'''<br />
226

'''Crooked Finger Inn'''<br />
687; in Delaware

'''Crosier, Sister'''<br />
519; a Jesuit

'''Cross Keys, The'''<br />
341; where M&D stay in Lancaster

'''Crusade'''<br />
588

'''''Cryptoscope'''''<br />
301

'''Cudgel and Throck'''<br />
227; Emerson's "local" in County Durham; a cudgel is a short heavy club; a throck is a spell that causes plants to grow, or also seen defined as "the piece of Timber on which the Suck is fixed, on a plough."

'''Cumberland'''<br />
586

'''Cygnus'''<br />
673; constellation

<div id="cymry"></div>'''Cymry'''<br />
600; Welsh name for the Welsh people; the Celtic
peoples considered themselves to be individual nations, and not part of some greater "Celtic" nation. The Welsh thought of themselves as Cymry or
Britons, the Irish thought of themselves as Gael, etc. [[Hugh Gadarn|MORE...]]; ''See also'' [[H#hu|Hu Gadarn]]

===References===
<references/>

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