S

2007-04-17T13:34:59Z

Ninly: fixed Wilkes link under Sandwich

'''Sacques''' 
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)''' 
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux''' 
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry''' 
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena''' 
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133

'''St. Kenelm's''' 
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas''' 
352

'''St. Omer''' 
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter''' 
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)''' 
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 720; 367; 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes''''' 
55;

'''Sally Lunn''' 
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand''' 
669

'''Sandy Bay''' 
127; 159

'''Sapperton''' 
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95''' 
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain''' 
683

'''''Scamozz''''' 
260;

'''Scanderoon''' 
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick''' 
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion''' 
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag''''' 
580;

'''Schuylkill''' 
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders''' 
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia''' 
571;

'''''Scotismus''''' 
596

'''Scriblerian''' 
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by
the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret''' 
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse''''' 
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal''' 
485

'''Seaton Prize''' 
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector''' 
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim''' 
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca''' 
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count''''' 
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.''' 
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler''' 
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)''' 
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour''' 
112

'''''Sha''''' 
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William''' 
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles''' 
289; abattoir

'''Shantung''' 
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio''' 
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of''' 
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese''' 
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)''' 
497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792); 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat''' 
575

'''Shelton, Mr.''' 
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin''''' 
485

'''Shippen, Mr.''' 
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy''' 
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg''' 
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle''' 
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel''' 
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

'''Short, Mr.''' 
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty''' 
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley''' 
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla''' 
162;

'''Sideling Hill''' 
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill''' 
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John''' 
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley''' 
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius''' 
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson''' 
119;

'''Six Nations''' 
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the''' 
565

'''Sizer''' 
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon''' 
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings''' 
633

'''Slad''' 
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery''' 
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.''' 
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe''' 
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)''' 
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord''' 
281;

'''Smith, Captain John''' 
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt''' 
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam''' 
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''Snake''' 
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh''' 
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri''' 
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter''' 
566

'''Snowball, Billy''' 
503

'''Snow, Mr.''' 
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year''' 
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"''' 
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus''' 
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray''' 
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates''' 
283;

'''Sons of Liberty''' 
564; 570

'''Soubrette''' 
419

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

'''South Mountain''' 
491;

'''Spadger''' 
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS''' 
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor''' 
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.''' 
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.''' 
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy''' 
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line''' 
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.''' 
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church''' 
233;

'''Staithes''' 
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act''' 
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek''' 
486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross''' 
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire''' 
233;

'''Steed''' 
577

'''Stephens''' 
32;

'''Stepney''' 
195;

'''Sterloop''' 
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend''' 
305;

'''Stichomythia''' 
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig''' 
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs''' 
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund''' 
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge''' 
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)''' 
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50''' 
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud''' 
167; 197; 418; Churs of, 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart''' 
551

'''Stuart Charters''' 
226;

'''Stukeleyesque''' 
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx''' 
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''''Succedaneum''''' 
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.''' 
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws''' 
148; 

'''SURFACE''': 
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying''' 
460-61

'''Sutton Pool''' 
50;

'''Svånssen''' 
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.''' 
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts''' 
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.''' 
192; in The George

'''Sybil''' 
591

'''Syncope''' 
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa''' 
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of''' 
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

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