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2012-08-14T04:16:05Z

Nathank:

[[Image:MD_cover_sm.jpg|300px|right]]<big>'''Welcome to the ''Mason & Dixon'' Wiki'''</big>

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This is the Wiki for [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s ''Mason & Dixon''.

Besides using the Alphabetical Index and the page-by-page annotation, you can take a look at [[Mason & Dixon covers|''Mason & Dixon'' covers]] or read the [[Mason & Dixon Reviews|reviews]].

==How to Use this Wiki==

There are two major ways to use this wiki. The first is the '''''Mason & Dixon'' Alphabetical Index''', used to keep track of the myriad characters, real and imagined, as well as events, arcana, and lots of other stuff. The second is the '''Spoiler-Free Annotations by Page''', which allows the reader to look up and contribute allusions and references while reading the book, in a convenient and spoiler-free manner. These two sections are so far almost entirely different, but we're working on integrating them.

Apart from those, it's up to you!

==Alphabetical Index==
Information on the characters, events, and everything else in ''Mason & Dixon'', organized alphabetically:{{MD_Alpha_Nav}}

==Page by Page Annotations==
{{MD PbP}}

==Dixon's Original Hand Drawn Map Of The Line And Important Points Along The Way==
Zoomable map at the [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd384/g3841/g3841f/ct002075.jp2 Library of Congress] or a very large detailed scan [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here]

== Pynchon Wiki Help and Contributor Guidelines==

[[Help:Contents|'''Click here for help with editing and creating pages.''']]

We have a few conventions we ask that you follow:

* When creating a new page, first check to make sure a page/article about what you want to write about hasn't already been created, by '''[[Special:Allpages|checking the list of all Wiki pages on Pynchon Wiki]]'''. If a page already exists, please modify that one.

* When creating a new page, if its information pertains to one (and only one) specific Pynchon novel, please categorize it with the appropriate identifier. For example, a page pertaining to ''Gravity's Rainbow'', should use the syntax <code><nowiki>[[Category:GR]]</nowiki></code>.

* To open a discussion on an individual listing of the Alpha Index, create one using the [[A|entry on Peter Tait]] as an example. Basically, give it a name that identifies the alpha listing (eg <nowiki>[[Name Discussion|DISCUSSION]]</nowiki>) and notice that the visible name will be "DISCUSSION" in full caps, so it stands out a bit.

* [[Help:Contents|More help for this wiki available here.]]

==External Links==

* [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=YqwtZmpFo8MC&dq=%22thomas+pynchon%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=6Mu9bzoXl-&sig=csHyXTpgXGKdfW7KSn0j2lHudHM&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=12&ct=result '''Search the contents of ''Mason & Dixon''''' (Google)]
* [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/ ThomasPynchon.com]
* [http://reconstruction.eserver.org/021/Haunting.htm Haunting and Hunting: Bodily Resurrection and the Occupation of History in Thomas Pynchon's ''Mason & Dixon''] - Justin Scott Coe
* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_m%26d.html The Modern Word page on Mason & Dixon]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_%26_Dixon Wikipedia ''Mason & Dixon'' page]
* [http://www.vheissu.info/mdmd/toc.php Extended ToC for ''Mason & Dixon'']

* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/ The Modern Word Pynchon page]
* [http://z11.invisionfree.com/thefictionalwoods/index.php The Fictional Woods] - a Pynchon forum
* [http://pynchonoid.blogspot.com/ Pynchonoid Blog]
* [http://www.waste.org/pynchon-l/ Pynchon-L]

===Reading Notes/Guides===
* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Mason & Dixon 3 Pages a Day'' Project]
* [http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/pschmid1/engl52b/m-d1.html Peter Schmidt’s ''Mason & Dixon'' Reading Notes]
* [[Dinn's Notes|"Dinn's Notes" from the Pynchon-L Group Read]]

===Historical Resources===
* [http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/ A Brief History of the Mason-Dixon Survey]

==Featured Article==
Stay tuned...

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gallery==
Below are some of the images you will find on the ''Mason & Dixon'' Wiki. {{Special:Newimages}}

Thanks, and enjoy...

Chapter 71: 687-693

2012-08-14T04:11:04Z

Nathank:

__TOC__

==Page 687==
'''Innings''' 
By extension, the time during which any party is in possession of power; a turn of any kind. Always pl. in Great Britain. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/innings WIKI]

'''Retributive Poultrification''' 
Revenge by chickening out?

'''Jesuit Telegraph''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_515 515].

'''''why you are here''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_315 315].

'''eight-pointed Star''' 
Dixon's original can be seen [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd384/g3841/g3841f/ct002075.jp2 here] at the LOC or [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here:UMCP2.jpg] on the bottom right , representing N/S/E/W as well as NW/NE/SE/SW.

'''Fleur-de-Lis... 'Flower-de-Luce'''' 
Dixon's original can be seen [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd384/g3841/g3841f/ct002075.jp2 here] at the LOC or [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here:UMCP2.jpg] on the bottom right , also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur-de-luce WIKI] for background.

==Page 688==
'''Encyclopedistick''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_67:_646-657#Page_649 649].

'''''Tramontane''''' 
Tramontane is a classical name for a northern wind. The exact form of the name and precise direction varies from country to country. The word came to English from Italian tramontana, which developed from Latin trānsmontānus (trāns- + montānus), "beyond the mountains/across the mountains", referring to the alps in the North of Italy. The word has other non-wind-related senses: it can refer to anything that comes from, or anyone who lives on, the other side of mountains, or even more generally, anything seen as foreign, strange, or even barbarous. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramontane WIKI]

==Page 689==
'''"Much more likely Twins, ever in Dispute,- as the Indians once told us the Beginning of the World."''' 
Here Mason is verifying that they heard the Indian tale of the Spiderwoman and the Twins. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_315 315].

'''the Line... after its Copper-Plate 'Morphosis''' 
Copperplate refers to the use of inscribed sheets of copper in printing. The engraved or etched sheets of copper are inked and then have paper rolled over them to produce a copy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperplate WIKI]

'''Orpiment''' 
From Old French, from Latin auripigmentum (“‘orpiment’”), from aurum (“‘gold’”) + pigmentum (“‘pigment’”). Arsenic trisulphide, occurring naturally in crystals or massive deposits, formerly used as a dye or pigment. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orpiment WIKI]

'''Lapis''' 
Pencil, layering

'''their Third Interdiction''' 
Possibly a reference to Peter's denying his knowing Jesus three times? Related to the three crossings of Dunkard Creek to continue the Line? See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_673 673].

==Page 690==
'''willow-bark powder... Revd Mr. Edmund Stone''' 
Reverend Edward Stone (1702-1768) was a Church of England Rector who discovered the active ingredient of Aspirin... Edward Stone's letter to the Royal Society was published in the ''Philosophical Transactions'' for 1763 with the heading "...from the Rev. Mr. Edmund Stone of Chipping Norton in Oxfordshire." At the end of the letter his name was properly transcribed as ''Edward'' Stone, but even in his lifetime he was sometimes confused with a man of mediocre abilities who had the similar name ''Edmund Stone''. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_stone WIKI]

'''Sumach''' 
Some species, such as Poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron, syn.Toxicodendron radicans), Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba, syn. Toxicodendron diversilobum) and Poison sumac (Rhus vernix, syn. Toxicodendron vernix), have the allergen urushiol and can cause severe allergic reactions. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumach WIKI]

'''''Rugae''''' 
Rugae is a term used in anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugae WIKI]

'''writing about Mr. Twiford's seat upon Nanticoke''' 
John Twiford's home on the Nanticoke river. From Mason's journal: ''Situated on the most Rural and delightful Banks of River Nanticoke. Here is the most pleasing Contemplative View I've ever seen in America; the River makes a turn from the Southward to the Eastward nearly at Right Angles and not one House to be seen for 4 Miles: But Nature's genuine produce of Pine and Cedar on both sides its rural Bank's, for which Ships resort from all parts to supply distant Climes destitute of so great a blessing.''

==Page 691==
'''Pope and Lady Montague''' 
Alexander Pope, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

As for Lady Montagu, in regard to Pope: Before starting for the East she had met Alexander Pope, and during her absence he wrote her a series of extravagant letters, which appear to have been chiefly exercises in the art of writing gallant epistles. Very few letters passed between them after Lady Mary's return, and various reasons have been suggested for the subsequent estrangement and violent quarrel. The last of the Letters during the embassy to Istanbul is addressed to Pope and purports to be written from Dover on 1 November 1718. It contains a parody on Pope's ''Epitaph on the Lovers struck by Lightning''. The manuscript collection of these letters was passed round a considerable circle, and Pope may have been offended at the circulation of this piece of satire. Jealousy of her friendship with Lord Hervey has also been alleged, but Lady Louisa Stuart says Pope had made Lady Mary a declaration of love, which she had received with an outburst of laughter. In any case Lady Mary always professed complete innocence of all cause of offence in public. She is alluded to in the ''Dunciad'' in a passage to which Pope affixed one of his insulting notes. ''A Pop upon Pope'' was generally thought to be her work, and Pope thought she was part author of ''One Epistle to Mr A. Pope'' (1730). Pope attacked her again and again, but with especial virulence in a gross couplet in the Imitation of the ''First Satire of the Second Book of Horace'', as Sappho. ''Verses addressed to an Imitator of Horace by a Lady'' (1733), a scurrilous reply to these attacks, is generally attributed to the joint efforts of Lady Mary and her sworn ally, Lord Hervey. She had a romantic correspondence with a Frenchman named Rémond, who addressed to her a series of excessively gallant letters before ever seeing her. She invested money for him in South Sea stock at his desire, and as was expressly stated, at his own risk. The value fell to half the price, and he tried to extort the original sum as a debt by a threat of exposing the correspondence to her husband. She seems to have been really alarmed, not at the imputation of gallantry, but lest her husband should discover the extent of her own speculations. This disposes of the second half of Pope's line "Who starves a sister, or forswears a debt" (''Epilogue to the Satires'', 113), and the first charge is quite devoid of foundation. She did in fact try to rescue her favourite sister, the countess of Mar, who was mentally deranged, from the custody of her brother-in-law, Lord Grange, who had treated his own wife with notorious cruelty, and the slander originated with him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Mary_Wortley_Montagu WIKI]

'''Boscovich and Maire''' 
Boscovich agreed to take part in the Portuguese expedition for the survey of Brazil and the measurement of a degree of the meridian, but was persuaded by the Pope to stay in Italy and to undertake a similar task there with Christopher Maire, an English Jesuit who measured an arc of two degrees between Rome and Rimini. The operation began at the end of 1750, and was completed in about two years. An account was published in 1755, under the name ''De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP. Maire et Boscovicli''. The value of this work was increased by a carefully prepared map of the States of the Church. A French translation appeared in 1770 which incorporated, as an appendix, some material first published in 1760 outlining an objective procedure for determining suitable values for the parameters of the fitted model from a greater number of observations. An unconstrained variant of this fitting procedure is now known as the L1-norm or Least absolute deviations procedure and serves as a robust alternative to the familiar L2-norm or Least Squares procedure. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boscovich WIKI] - Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_544 544].

==Page 692==
'''Cypress Swamp''' [[Image:Ferrers_hanged.jpg|thumb|Execution of Lord Ferrers at Tyburn, 1760. |right]]See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_334 334].

==Page 693==
'''Lord Ferrers take the Drop at Tyburn''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_111 111].

'''''They execute their own''''' 
Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489]. This same "thought" has now come from Wicks, Timothy Tox, and now Dixon.

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 71: 687-693

2012-08-14T04:02:18Z

Nathank: /* Page 687 */

__TOC__

==Page 687==
'''Innings''' 
By extension, the time during which any party is in possession of power; a turn of any kind. Always pl. in Great Britain. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/innings WIKI]

'''Retributive Poultrification''' 
Revenge by chickening out?

'''Jesuit Telegraph''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_515 515].

'''''why you are here''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_315 315].

'''eight-pointed Star''' 
Dixon's original can be seen [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl here] at the LOC or [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here:UMCP2.jpg] on the bottom right , representing N/S/E/W as well as NW/NE/SE/SW.

'''Fleur-de-Lis... 'Flower-de-Luce'''' 
Dixon's original can be seen [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl here] at the LOC or [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here:UMCP2.jpg] on the bottom right , also see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur-de-luce WIKI] for background.

==Page 688==
'''Encyclopedistick''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_67:_646-657#Page_649 649].

'''''Tramontane''''' 
Tramontane is a classical name for a northern wind. The exact form of the name and precise direction varies from country to country. The word came to English from Italian tramontana, which developed from Latin trānsmontānus (trāns- + montānus), "beyond the mountains/across the mountains", referring to the alps in the North of Italy. The word has other non-wind-related senses: it can refer to anything that comes from, or anyone who lives on, the other side of mountains, or even more generally, anything seen as foreign, strange, or even barbarous. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tramontane WIKI]

==Page 689==
'''"Much more likely Twins, ever in Dispute,- as the Indians once told us the Beginning of the World."''' 
Here Mason is verifying that they heard the Indian tale of the Spiderwoman and the Twins. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_315 315].

'''the Line... after its Copper-Plate 'Morphosis''' 
Copperplate refers to the use of inscribed sheets of copper in printing. The engraved or etched sheets of copper are inked and then have paper rolled over them to produce a copy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copperplate WIKI]

'''Orpiment''' 
From Old French, from Latin auripigmentum (“‘orpiment’”), from aurum (“‘gold’”) + pigmentum (“‘pigment’”). Arsenic trisulphide, occurring naturally in crystals or massive deposits, formerly used as a dye or pigment. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/orpiment WIKI]

'''Lapis''' 
Pencil, layering

'''their Third Interdiction''' 
Possibly a reference to Peter's denying his knowing Jesus three times? Related to the three crossings of Dunkard Creek to continue the Line? See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_673 673].

==Page 690==
'''willow-bark powder... Revd Mr. Edmund Stone''' 
Reverend Edward Stone (1702-1768) was a Church of England Rector who discovered the active ingredient of Aspirin... Edward Stone's letter to the Royal Society was published in the ''Philosophical Transactions'' for 1763 with the heading "...from the Rev. Mr. Edmund Stone of Chipping Norton in Oxfordshire." At the end of the letter his name was properly transcribed as ''Edward'' Stone, but even in his lifetime he was sometimes confused with a man of mediocre abilities who had the similar name ''Edmund Stone''. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmund_stone WIKI]

'''Sumach''' 
Some species, such as Poison ivy (Rhus toxicodendron, syn.Toxicodendron radicans), Poison oak (Rhus diversiloba, syn. Toxicodendron diversilobum) and Poison sumac (Rhus vernix, syn. Toxicodendron vernix), have the allergen urushiol and can cause severe allergic reactions. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sumach WIKI]

'''''Rugae''''' 
Rugae is a term used in anatomy that refers to a series of ridges produced by folding of the wall of an organ. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugae WIKI]

'''writing about Mr. Twiford's seat upon Nanticoke''' 
John Twiford's home on the Nanticoke river. From Mason's journal: ''Situated on the most Rural and delightful Banks of River Nanticoke. Here is the most pleasing Contemplative View I've ever seen in America; the River makes a turn from the Southward to the Eastward nearly at Right Angles and not one House to be seen for 4 Miles: But Nature's genuine produce of Pine and Cedar on both sides its rural Bank's, for which Ships resort from all parts to supply distant Climes destitute of so great a blessing.''

==Page 691==
'''Pope and Lady Montague''' 
Alexander Pope, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

As for Lady Montagu, in regard to Pope: Before starting for the East she had met Alexander Pope, and during her absence he wrote her a series of extravagant letters, which appear to have been chiefly exercises in the art of writing gallant epistles. Very few letters passed between them after Lady Mary's return, and various reasons have been suggested for the subsequent estrangement and violent quarrel. The last of the Letters during the embassy to Istanbul is addressed to Pope and purports to be written from Dover on 1 November 1718. It contains a parody on Pope's ''Epitaph on the Lovers struck by Lightning''. The manuscript collection of these letters was passed round a considerable circle, and Pope may have been offended at the circulation of this piece of satire. Jealousy of her friendship with Lord Hervey has also been alleged, but Lady Louisa Stuart says Pope had made Lady Mary a declaration of love, which she had received with an outburst of laughter. In any case Lady Mary always professed complete innocence of all cause of offence in public. She is alluded to in the ''Dunciad'' in a passage to which Pope affixed one of his insulting notes. ''A Pop upon Pope'' was generally thought to be her work, and Pope thought she was part author of ''One Epistle to Mr A. Pope'' (1730). Pope attacked her again and again, but with especial virulence in a gross couplet in the Imitation of the ''First Satire of the Second Book of Horace'', as Sappho. ''Verses addressed to an Imitator of Horace by a Lady'' (1733), a scurrilous reply to these attacks, is generally attributed to the joint efforts of Lady Mary and her sworn ally, Lord Hervey. She had a romantic correspondence with a Frenchman named Rémond, who addressed to her a series of excessively gallant letters before ever seeing her. She invested money for him in South Sea stock at his desire, and as was expressly stated, at his own risk. The value fell to half the price, and he tried to extort the original sum as a debt by a threat of exposing the correspondence to her husband. She seems to have been really alarmed, not at the imputation of gallantry, but lest her husband should discover the extent of her own speculations. This disposes of the second half of Pope's line "Who starves a sister, or forswears a debt" (''Epilogue to the Satires'', 113), and the first charge is quite devoid of foundation. She did in fact try to rescue her favourite sister, the countess of Mar, who was mentally deranged, from the custody of her brother-in-law, Lord Grange, who had treated his own wife with notorious cruelty, and the slander originated with him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lady_Mary_Wortley_Montagu WIKI]

'''Boscovich and Maire''' 
Boscovich agreed to take part in the Portuguese expedition for the survey of Brazil and the measurement of a degree of the meridian, but was persuaded by the Pope to stay in Italy and to undertake a similar task there with Christopher Maire, an English Jesuit who measured an arc of two degrees between Rome and Rimini. The operation began at the end of 1750, and was completed in about two years. An account was published in 1755, under the name ''De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP. Maire et Boscovicli''. The value of this work was increased by a carefully prepared map of the States of the Church. A French translation appeared in 1770 which incorporated, as an appendix, some material first published in 1760 outlining an objective procedure for determining suitable values for the parameters of the fitted model from a greater number of observations. An unconstrained variant of this fitting procedure is now known as the L1-norm or Least absolute deviations procedure and serves as a robust alternative to the familiar L2-norm or Least Squares procedure. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boscovich WIKI] - Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_544 544].

==Page 692==
'''Cypress Swamp''' [[Image:Ferrers_hanged.jpg|thumb|Execution of Lord Ferrers at Tyburn, 1760. |right]]See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_334 334].

==Page 693==
'''Lord Ferrers take the Drop at Tyburn''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_111 111].

'''''They execute their own''''' 
Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489]. This same "thought" has now come from Wicks, Timothy Tox, and now Dixon.

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 23: 228-237

2012-05-04T19:34:11Z

Nathank: /* Page 230 */

==Page 228==
'''"...it's old Back-to-Front" 
Emerson wore his shirt back to front and his legs wrapped in sacking so as not to scorch them as he sat over the fire.

'''Porter''' 
Porter is a dark-coloured style of beer. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined. The name was first used in the 18th century from its popularity with the street and river porters of London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_beer WIKI].

==Page 229==
'''Cult of ''Feng Shui''''' 
Feng shui is an ancient Chinese system of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both Heaven (astronomy) and Earth (geography) to help one improve life by receiving positive qi. The original designation for the discipline is Kan Yu. The term feng shui literally translates as "wind-water" in English. This is a cultural shorthand taken from the following passage of the Zangshu (Book of Burial) by Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty: Qi rides the wind and scatters, but is retained when encountering water. Traditional feng shui practice always requires an extremely accurate Chinese compass, or luo pan, in order to determine the directions in finding any auspicious sector in a desired location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui WIKI]

'''preferring 365 and a Quarter''' Roughly the length of a year (or the number of days it takes for the earth to rotate the sun).

==Page 230==
'''Cilice''' 
"A garment or undergarment made of coarse cloth or animal hair (a hairshirt) used in some religious traditions to induce discomfort or pain as a sign of repentance and atonement." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cilice Wiki]

'''"clarts" 
Scot. and N.English term for sticky soil, mud, filth &c. (OED)

==Page 232==
'''Thornton-le-Beans''' 
Thornton-le-Beans is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The village has one pub called The Crosby behind which there is a campsite. In 2007 the Pub won best Pub Grub in the Flavours of Hambleton Awards. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton-le-Beans WIKI]

'''days of the '45''' 
Refers to the Jacobite rebellion/uprising in 1745 led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Rising#The_Rebellion.2FRising_of_1745_.28.27The_Forty-Five.27.29 WIKI].

'''the Young Pretender''' 
Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788) was the exiled Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland. He is commonly known to the English and the Scottish as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart who was in turn the son of James II and VII, who had been deposed in the Revolution of 1688. The Jacobite movement tried to restore the family to the throne. After his father's death, Charles was recognised as Charles III by his supporters; his opponents referred to him as The Young Pretender. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pretender WIKI]

==Page 233==
'''Staindrop Church''' 
Staindrop is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the east of Barnard Castle. Lord Barnard of Raby Castle also resides on the border. The village has one of the long greens typical of County Durham. The mediaeval church is impressive and contains fine effigies of the Neville family. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staindrop WIKI]

'''Pearl of Wearside''' 
Wearside is an unrecognised conurbation in North East England, mostly referring to the City of Sunderland, but also including parts of County Durham including Seaham. The people of Wearside often refer to themselves as "Mackems". The principle settlement of Wearside is Sunderland. Other areas of the conurbation are Washington, Durham, Chester-le-Street, Houghton-le-Spring, Easington, Hetton-le-Hole and Seaham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearside WIKI]

'''Arts of Pluto''' 
Pluto was originally the Roman god of certain metals and fish, but because these materials are mined he also took on the role of god of the underworld. Although Hades was seen as somewhat merciless, Pluto was worshipped by the Romans for some of his kinder attributes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology) WIKI]

==Page 235==
'''Pizza... Mount Vesuvius''' 
Authentic Neapolitan pizzas are made with local ingredients like San Marzano tomatoes, which grow on the volcanic plains to the south of Mount Vesuvius. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza WIKI] Here's another good [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK] on the origins/evolution of pizza.

'''''Torpedo''''' 
Torpedo is a group of rays, commonly called electric rays or torpedoes. It is the only genus in the family Torpedinidae, in the order Torpediniformes. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers capable of generating electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. There are between fifteen and twenty-two extant species. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_(genus) WIKI]

'''"Neopolitans, ''Cicinielli''... And Cheese?''' 
End of 18th century, Neopolitans had several recipes of pizza: pizza with garlic and olive oil, pizza with small cicinielli fish, and pizza with anchovy and mozzarella cheese brought to Italy shortly before (mozzarella was invented by the Hindu in the 7th century - they made it using cow (buffalo species) milk only). Paraphrased from [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK]

'''Stilton''' 
In 1730, Thornhill discovered a distinctive blue cheese while visiting a small farm near Melton Mowbray in rural Leicestershire - possibly Quenby Hall in Hungarton. He fell in love with the cheese and made a business arrangement that granted the Bell Inn (in Stilton) exclusive marketing rights to blue Stilton. Soon thereafter, wagon loads of cheese were being delivered to the inn. Since the main stagecoach routes from London to Northern England passed through the village of Stilton he was able to promote the sale of this cheese and the legend of Stilton rapidly spread. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilton_(cheese) WIKI]

==Page 236==
'''Nynauld''' 
Dr. Jean de Nynauld wrote ''De la Lycanthropie, Transformation, et Extase des Sorciers'', published in Paris 1615, a tractate that countered the views of a previously published book by Jean Bodin, that explained how the Devil could transform a man into a wolf. Nynauld's views were that this could not happen, and any ideas of it were pure hallucination.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

P

2012-04-18T17:59:55Z

Nathank:

'''Padang''' 
57

'''paduasoy''' 
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick''' 
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado''' 
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian''' 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph''' 
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt''' 
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists''' 
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count''' 
195

'''Paradise of Chance''' 
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography''' 
141

'''Paranoia''' 
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)''' 
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu''''' 
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of''' 
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia''' 
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy''' 
401; on Long Island

'''Paxton Boys''' 
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
381

'''Peace of Paris''' 
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.''' 
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel''' 
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah''' 
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>''' 
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra''' 
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse''' 
114

'''Pebble-Lenses''' 
549

'''''Péché Mortel''''' 
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen''' 
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy''' 
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf''' 
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites''' 
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog''''' 
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke''' 
116

'''Pendennis Point''' 
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns''' 
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad''''' 
217; written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette''''' 
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord''' 
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle''' 
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch''' 
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos''' 
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion''' 
318;

'''Perth Amboy''' 
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend''' 
773

'''Philadelphia''' 
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta''''' 
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer''' 
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes''' 
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions''''' 
292; 494

'''Phiz''' 
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe''' 
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus''' 
273

'''Pietist''' 
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs''' 
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts''' 
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules''' 
612

'''pinguid''' 
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue''' 
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)''' 
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)''' 
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny''' 
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza''''' 
234-35; 260

'''Plafond''' 
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato''' 
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides''' 
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)''' 
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)''' 
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous''' 
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto''' 
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia''''' 
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris''' 
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate''' 
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise''' 
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de''' 
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee''' 
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)''' 
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard''' 
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)''' 
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan''' 
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

'''Popeye''' 
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish''' 
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères''' 
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill''' 
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power''' 
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est''''' 
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian''' 
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle''' 
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John''' 
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite''' 
698

'''Price, Justice''' 
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")''' 
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

'''Prisqueetom''' 
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother''' 
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland''''' 
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line''' 
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus''' 
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus''' 
142

'''Prospero''' 
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island''' 
306

'''Prussian Plains''' 
613

'''''Pues Entonces''''' 
523

'''Pumplenose''' 
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice''' 
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns''' 
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous''' 
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies''' 
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)''' 
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids''' 
547

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 7: 58-76

2012-04-18T17:48:55Z

Nathank:

==Page 58==

'''sepia-shadow'd''' 
sepia: NOUN: 1a. A dark brown ink or pigment originally prepared from the secretion of the cuttlefish. b. A drawing or picture done in this pigment. c. A photograph in a brown tint. 2. A dark grayish yellow brown to dark or moderate olive brown.
ADJECTIVE: 1. Of the color sepia. 2. Done or made in sepia. 
Orwell uses this phrase about street shadows--like tea-- in Keep the Aspidistra Flying.

'''Herren XVII''' 
Modern Dutch spelling "de Heeren XVII," the 17 Lords, board of governors of the V.O.C. 
When the Herren XVII ordered the Cape government in 1717 to stop granting land in freehold ... heard by the Herren XVII—who ruled in their favor in 1706, ...

'''Eighteenth Lord... never be acknowledg'd''' 
Here is what Pynchon may be meaning, as I piece it together. An expert on Holland or The East India Company can correct this. The Dutch East India Company really ran Holland at this time, until 1815 when the British took it back. So, the Eighteenth Lord who was Lord of Holland, had no power, no acknowledged existence. The Eighteenth Lord was: 
Lord Forbes is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in circa 1444 for Alexander Forbes, feudal Baron of Forbes... His [descendant], the eighteenth Lord, fought at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Wikipedia 
 
Okay, so the DEIC never "ran Holland." The British never "took Holland back in 1815, that is when the United Kingdom of the Netherlands took Halland back from Napolean. Since the book is taking place in the 1760s it is unlikely that "The eighteenth lord" refers to anyone in the future. This is not a time-travel novel.

'''V.O.C.''' 
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company.

==Page 59==

'''Monsieur Lacaille''' 
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacaille WIKI]

'''Slaves''' 
Pynchon appears to have cast around for a politically correct subtheme for the Capetown episodes, and picked slavery for want of anything more Pynchonian. He picks slavery because it is the underbelly of the enlightenment. It is the central rift that forms along the Mason-Dixon Line, and it is the paradox of America, i.e. liberty for some. What could be more Pynchonian than that? "Casting around for a politically correct subtheme" feels like a total misrepresentation. Slavery is an integral theme of the novel.

'''Castle of the Compagnie''' 
The Castle of Good Hope, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_of_Good_Hope WIKI].

'''set against''' 
Imperialist strategy of divide-and-conquer.

==Page 60==

'''Droster''' 
drosters' - runaways from service contracts. South African usage.

'''Vroom''' 
[http://onelook.com/?w=vroo*&ls=a vroo*]. Dutch for ''pious''

'''Jethro's Tent''' 
Biblical: Jethro (also called Reuel), a Midean priest, was Moses' father-in-law. Moses came to live with Jethro after he rescued his seven daughters and helped them water their sheep. See ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%202:15-25,%20Exodus%203:1-2;&version=9; Exodus 2:15-25, 3:1-2])

'''Nimrods''' 
Biblical: Son of Cush, a founder of Babylon (see [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=1&chapter=10&verse=8&end_verse=10&version=9&context=context Genesis 10:8-10]). A hunter. Informal. A person regarded as silly, foolish, or stupid.

'''Kaffirs''' 
Early "offensive" word for a black person, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir_%28racial_term%29 WIKI].

==Page 61==

'''Fascination''' 
Pynchon needed a personality-contrast between M and D, and chose (arbitarily?) to make M melancholy but charismatic (cf Byron?) and Dixon the opposite. It's hard to see from TRP's descriptions what women see in M. 
The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon is full of passages where Mason's normally scientific writtings give way to poetic and gothic images of ghosts and devils. In the Journals he frequents massacre sites.

'''Portable Soup... Slabs''' 
An extremely reduced meat stock (not freeze-dried, just boiled down and then dried) in cakes or slabs. Heat in a pan of water and you have soup. Most users regarded it as a necessity rather than a pleasure.

'''Darlington Market''' 
In Darlington , County Durham. Still a good market today--21st Century-- says an online British guidebook.

==Page 62==

'''Kezia''' 
the name of Job's second daughter ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14]), born after prosperity had returned to him. Also Cassia.

'''Kerenhappuch''' 
(the horn of beauty), the youngest of the daughters of Job, born to him during the period of his reviving prosperity. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14])
Source: Smith's Bible Dictionary

==Page 63==

'''Imp from Hell''' 
Cf. Imp allusions and Poe story cited. Three uses so far in M & D. Here Eels impulsiveness is an apt allusion to impishness, overstated as in speech.

'''Rattle-Watch''' 
the rattle watch, appointed at the request of the burghers to relieve them of night-watch duty. 
"First, the said rattle watch shall be held to appear at the burghers' guard house after the ringing of the nine o'clock bell and together at ten o'clock shall begin making their rounds, giving notice of their presence in all the streets of the village by sounding their rattle and calling [out the hour], and this every hour of the night, until 4 o'clock in the morning. From an Orange County decree, 1859 online.

'''English Tea-Pot''' 
Free associating, Mason to English to English tea to teapot? 
"I'm a little tea-pot, short and stout" allusion? Old song.

==Page 64==

'''Vrou''' 
Dutch: lady, woman, wife. Vroom Vroom!

'''cackling''' 
# To make the shrill cry characteristic of a hen after laying an egg.
# To laugh or talk in a shrill manner.
Often said of "witches".

'''fatally but not yet mortally''' 
fatally: with fatal consequences or implications; "he was fatally ill
equipped for the climb" 
mortally: fatal 'unto death"--to an extreme. ''American Heritage Dictionary''

Is the economics behind slavery what TRP is getting at here through Austra?

==Page 65==

'''''Dagga''''' 
A drug. It consists of dry khaki-green leaves, twigs and pips. It is usually sold to the public in the form of a "stoo" (dagga rolled into a small packet) or a cigarette called a zol, stick, reefer, skyf or joint. It smells and looks quite different from a tobacco cigarette. It is estimated that the drug dagga has been with us since 1 000 BC.
 
 
May also refer to cannabis sativa, per Wikipedia.

==Page 66==

'''dorsal 'Scape''' 
Dorsal landscape = shapely rear end.

'''five Sprites''' 
The women? Yes, the impish females whose behavior toward Mason is designed to urge him into a sexual liaison with Austra.

'''Asian parlor-game''' 
see [[Chapter_18:_183-189#farces|four-door farces, p. 184]] and [[Chapter_18:_183-189#parlour|Parlour Game, p. 184]]

==Page 67==

'''Malays''' 
Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Malays WIKI].

'''Pygmies''' 
Pygmy as any group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches) in average height, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmies WIKI].

'''Indifference-Draught''' 
Traditionally saltpetre. Mason wants a drug to reduce his libido.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphrodisiac Anaphrodisiac]

==Page 68==

'''the wrongs committed daily...invisible, yet possessing mass and velocity''' 
Cf. gravity in GR and mass in ATD. Very Pychonesque motif and phrasing here.

'''need to keep the Ghost propitiated''' 
see the ghosts and major dark spirit in ATD.

==Page 69==

'''Velleity''' 
NOUN: Inflected forms: pl. vel·le·i·ties
1. Volition at its lowest level. 2. A mere wish or inclination.
ETYMOLOGY: New Latin velleits, from Latin velle, to wish. American heritage Dictionary

'''Rix-Dollar''' 
Reichsdollar, a Dutch coin.

German ''Reichsthaler,'' Dutch ''Rijksdaalder''; current throughout the European colonies.

'''Dutch Company which is ev'rywhere & ev'rything''' 
East India Company pervades as "[the Deists']God?"--Dixon 

'''Late Blow''' 
Mason suggests Dixon threw an illegal punch with that last metaphor comparing the East India Company with God.

'''Butter-Bag Castle''' 
Butter-Bag was slang for a Dutchman.

'''keep to the margins''' 
Dixon stays where Pynchon's valued characters live. See "Low-Lands" and passim in other works. This paragraph is so fine in expressing a kind
of place beyond all the ways of being mapped, known, predicted, so to speak. Off the grid, so to speak. Where some anarchists argue we should strive to be. Another deep Pynchon theme.

==Page 70==

'''''karis''''' 
The word was later adapted into English as ''curries.''

'''Senoi''' 
This tribe is/was real, although I did not think they were known about until the later age of anthropological study. They did share dreams and conquered their fears this way. If a child had a dream of falling, say, when shared with all, the adults would tell him to just fly next time--and he would. Their dream life was incorporates into their whole life and they were a happy, contented people. Researching.

'''''Krees''''' 
[[File:Kris_bali.jpg|thumb|Krees|right|75px]]
Like the book says, a dagger, but further, both a weapon and a spiritual object. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris WIKI].

==Page 71==

'''...fantastical beings...''' 
Note that Jorge Luis Borges' ''Book of Imaginary Beings'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Imaginary_Beings Wikipedia]) includes a listing for ''Sea Horse'' (see Borges' text on [http://borges.uiowa.edu/vakalo/zf/html/the_sea_horse.html Fantastic Zoology]); the [[S#Seahorse|Seahorse]], is, of course, the ship on which M&D sail to [[Cape of Good Hope]].

'''Shaula''' 
Second brightest star system in the constellation Scorpius, and one of the brightest stars in the nighttime sky, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Scorpii WIKI].

'''Routs''' 
See especially in this context, with ridottoes, definition #5--a fashionable gathering...with other attendant resonances of meaning. 
rout (rout) 
n. 1A)A disorderly retreat or flight following defeat. 
1B)An overwhelming defeat. 

2A) A disorderly crowd of people; a mob. 
2B) People of the lowest class; rabble. 
3) A public disturbance; a riot. 
4) A company, as of knights or wolves, that are in movement. See synonyms at flock 1. 
5) A fashionable gathering. 
tr.v., rout·ed, rout·ing, routs. 

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridottoes]]''' 
The ridotto was a space behind the theatres, much like a foyer, where visitors of all layers of society mingled and engaged in discussion, gambling, or other spirited forms of entertainment. Most visitors wore masks. It was the famous black and white bauta which made recognition virtually impossible. Started in Venice. 
In all of the approximately 20 ridotti of Venice, gambling was the main activity. Young aristocrats sold their military duty to poor souls in need of money. Servants, poets, flower girls, singers, merchants, foreign visitors, and dignitaries all passed through the ridotto. Casanova praised the beautiful women, playwright Goldoni found willing listeners to his fantastic stories in the ridotto. The painters Longhi, Guardi, and Tiepolo all found inspiration in the dark-lit establishments.

'''Ketjap''' 
Original spelling for what we now know as catsup, which seems to have come from an Asian influence on tomato sauce.

==Page 72==

'''Blight''' 
A direct address use of this verb as a noun to describe Dixon ruining [blighting] Mason's fantasies with common-sense.

'''''terre mauvais''''' 
badlands. GR: terre mauvais: "badlands" 87

==Page 73==
'''Spanish Inquisitors''' 
equated with [all] 'Authorities'!

'''two Punches in a Droll-booth''' 
As in Punch-and-Judy slapstick puppets.

'''Jesuits... Invisible College''' 
philosophical riff on whether M & D are "free" or controlled by others, Jesuits, Dixon and the Invisible College, Mason. 
The Invisible College was a precursor to the Royal Society of United Kingdom. It consisted of a group of scientists including Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, John Wallis, John Evelyn, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and William Petty. In letters in 1646 and 1647, Boyle refers to "our invisible college" or "our philosophical college". The society's common theme was to acquire knowledge through experimental investigation. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_College WIKI]

The idea of an invisible college became influential in seventeenth century Europe, in particular, in the form of a network of savants or intellectuals exchanging ideas (by post, as it would have been understood at the time). The invisible college idea is exemplified by the network of astronomers, professors, mathematicians, and natural philosophers in 16th century Europe. Men such as Johannes Kepler, Georg Joachim Rheticus, John Dee and Tycho Brahe passed information and ideas to each other in an invisible college. One of the most common methods used to communicate was through annotations written in personal copies of books that were loaned, given, or sold from person to person.

'''''Nervus Probandi''''' 
nervus probandi (L): the crux of the argument; the most conclusive and decisive proof
 
So, Dixon is essentially asking "Your point?"

'''Mr. Peach''' 
Sam Peach Sr., the powerful EIC director.

'''Spotted Cubes''' 
Dice.

'''Sector Wallah''' 
"Wallah," in British India, a specialist or tradesman. Sector Wallah, the person in charge of the Sector.

==Page 74==

'''Stuffata''' 
whole onions and meat as a stew. Also "stifado." However, see OED 1688 "stuffado" and 1771 "stuffata." Also stufata. The latter two are probably Italian. This dish is Greek.

'''dating back to Walpole''' 
Sir Robert Walpole, who held the influential office of First Lord of the Treasury. 4 April 1721 – 11 February 1742. Previous holders of the post had often been important figures in government, but not to such a degree as Walpole. His influence grew even stronger because the King, George I, was not active in English politics, preferring to concentrate on his native Hanover. Walpole is generally regarded as the first Prime Minister, not just because of his influence in Government, but because he could persuade (or force) his colleagues in the Cabinet to act in a harmonious and unified fashion, instead of intriguing against each other for more power. Walpole's office, First Lord of the Treasury, became strongly associated with the leadership of the Government; it became the position which the Prime Minister almost always held... Though Walpole is considered the first "Prime Minister," ...the powers of the monarch were slowly diminished, and those of the Prime Minister gradually increased, over the course of the following years. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole WIKI]

'''Clive''' 
Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB (29 September 1725–22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was a British soldier who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal. He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown. Together with Warren Hastings he was one of the key figures in the creation of British India. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive,_1st_Baron_Clive Clive of India WIKI]

'''Maskelyne''' [[Image:Maskelyne-nevil-astronomer-01.jpg|thumb|Dr. Nevil Maskelyne|right]]Reverend Dr Nevil Maskelyne. Astronomer, Lunarian, enemy of John Harrison, 5th Astronomer Royal. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne WIKI]

'''Robert Waddington''' 
from an old established English family. 27 M iv. Robert Waddington was born in 1743. Waddington genealogy online.

'''Bleak''' 
Bleak \Bleak\, n. [From Bleak, a., cf. Blay.] (Zo["o]l.) 
A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus), of the
family Cyprinid[ae]; the blay. [Written also blick.] Source: Webster's unabridged Dictionary 1913.

'''if Beetles be your Passion, why the Beetle Variety there!''' 
Anachronistic allusion to Charles Darwin and a famous remark about evolution? For years, after dropping out of medical school, Darwin had a passion for collecting beetles. 
And, "the contemplation of nature can give rise to some curious reflexions. There is a famous (possibly apocryphal) story about the great biologist J.B.S. Haldane.[20th Century] At a major British public occasion, Haldane was sitting next to an Anglican bishop, who asked him what biology had shown him about the designs and predilections of the Creator. Haldane is supposed to have replied "An inordinate fondness for beetles."

'''Piggotts... A long stare''' 
Piggotts were evidently a British family with members into astronomy. Later, the Victorian age, the family seemed to found a lighting company.
Piggotts have been providing Christmas Illuminations since the Victorian Age. We provide a range of modern innovative schemes: across the street' designs, building fasciae, lamp columns and themed displays. We also provide striking mall illuminations to a diverse range of customers and individuals. Piggotts service includes the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance, refurbishment and storage of your scheme.

'''St. Helena''' 
Island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena WIKI].

==Page 75==

'''Tom Birch''' 
18th Century English historian, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Birch WIKI]. Friend of Ben Franklin, and as well, member of Royal Society.

'''Bodkin''' 
medieval type of arrowhead designed to shoot through protective chain mail usually worn by Knights.

More likely refers to a thick, blunt needle used in taped or corded hemming, or in leather work.

'''History is the Dance of our Hunt for Christ''' 
Nice.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

P

2012-04-18T17:47:44Z

Nathank:

'''Padang''' 
57

'''paduasoy''' 
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick''' 
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado''' 
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian''' 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph''' 
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt''' 
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists''' 
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count''' 
195

'''Paradise of Chance''' 
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography''' 
141

'''Paranoia''' 
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)''' 
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu''''' 
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of''' 
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia''' 
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy''' 
401; on Long Island

'''Paxton Boys''' 
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
381

'''Peace of Paris''' 
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.''' 
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel''' 
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah''' 
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Pearl of Sumatra''' 
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse''' 
114

'''Pebble-Lenses''' 
549

'''''Péché Mortel''''' 
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen''' 
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy''' 
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf''' 
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites''' 
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog''''' 
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke''' 
116

'''Pendennis Point''' 
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns''' 
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad''''' 
217; written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette''''' 
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord''' 
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle''' 
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch''' 
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos''' 
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion''' 
318;

'''Perth Amboy''' 
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend''' 
773

'''Philadelphia''' 
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta''''' 
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer''' 
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes''' 
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions''''' 
292; 494

'''Phiz''' 
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe''' 
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus''' 
273

'''Pietist''' 
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs''' 
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts''' 
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules''' 
612

'''pinguid''' 
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue''' 
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)''' 
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)''' 
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny''' 
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza''''' 
234-35; 260

'''Plafond''' 
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato''' 
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides''' 
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)''' 
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)''' 
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous''' 
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto''' 
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia''''' 
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris''' 
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate''' 
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise''' 
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de''' 
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee''' 
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)''' 
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard''' 
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)''' 
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan''' 
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

'''Popeye''' 
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish''' 
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères''' 
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill''' 
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power''' 
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est''''' 
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian''' 
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle''' 
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John''' 
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite''' 
698

'''Price, Justice''' 
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")''' 
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

'''Prisqueetom''' 
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother''' 
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland''''' 
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line''' 
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus''' 
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus''' 
142

'''Prospero''' 
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island''' 
306

'''Prussian Plains''' 
613

'''''Pues Entonces''''' 
523

'''Pumplenose''' 
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice''' 
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns''' 
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous''' 
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies''' 
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)''' 
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids''' 
547

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2012-04-17T17:10:31Z

Nathank:

==Page 167==
'''cheese rolling''' refers to the cheese rolling at [http://www.randwick.org.uk/rolling.htm|randwick] as part of the annual Randwick Wap, not the more well known variety at Coopers Hill.

'''English Glory'''. England's Glory is a well known brand of matches, although latterly distributed widely they were originally a localized product manufactured in nearby Gloucester.

==Page 168==
'''As gatherings of the People ... Distress among the Clothiers ... Light Cavalry''' 
Refers to several violent revolts in England in the mid 18th century when traditional cloth weavers destroyed newer weaving machines, usually owned by clothes makers, as their livelihood was threatened. It's one of many "Luddite" references that run through Pynchon's books.

==Page 171==

'''country wife, city wife''' 
Pynchon's human values in evidence? He dislikes cities, seen elsewhere.
:Elsewhere where? He has lived in Los Angeles, New York, Mexico City, and London. [[User:Bleakhaus|Bleakhaus]] 22:22, 4 March 2007 (PST) 
I do know that about his residences, but it is in his vision pervading ATD, for example. The real Chicago, Telluride, New York City. Remarks in GR....(if I should substantiate better, then take it out until I do). In an analogous way, a "Cartesian grid" is not a good thing in ATD, yet it is
known that TRP wrote GR on engineeering grid paper. Also, he has a strong vision of the not-goodness of words on paper, of verbal "represeantions' of life in GR (and ATD, I think), yet he writes and gets published on paper. [ [User: MKOHUT, 5 March 2007]].

'''Bread & Wine, a kindness of the Almighty''' 
Pynchon seeing the Eucharist as a 'kind' way of enacting the body
and blood of Christ belief in Christianity. A wonderful trope.

'''Death or its ev'ryday Coercions'''...Death's thousand Metaphors''' 
See this theme in Against the Day; all of the day's necessities that are
against the simple living of life...all that is "against the day".

==Page 172==

'''acted as a Lens, a moral refraction''' 
Once again, light as metaphor, lenses and refraction ala ATD.

'''see them as they are''' 
Only in death..in life, M & D and everyone struggles to see the heavenly bodies clearly. Nice.

'''Telluric secrets''' 
telluric: adj. Of or relating to Earth; terrestrial. Derived from or containing tellurium, especially with valence 6.

==Page 173==
'''Bradley's Metaphor''' [[Image:James Bradley.jpg|thumb|Dr. James Bradley|right]]Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762) - Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his discovery of the aberration of light, providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa. Also, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bradley Wikipedia entry].

'''Canary Coat''' 
"His yellow jacket with red sleeves indicates that he is a 'canary', temporarily forced to wear this distinctive coat as a defaulter against Hospital rules (often for drunkenness).... the infliction of the 'canary' coat on pensioners as a punishment was abolished by Admiral Sir Thomas Masterman Hardy, during his Governorship of the Hospital in the 1830s."

==Page 174==

'''To Break-Neck''' 
Breakneck Ridge is a mountain along the Hudson River between Beacon and Cold Spring, New York, straddling the boundary between Dutchess and Putnam counties. Its distinctive rocky cliffs are visible for a long distance when approached from the south, and together with Storm King Mountain on the opposite bank of the river forms Wey-Gat, or Wind Gate, the picturesque northern gateway to the Hudson Highlands.

It has several summits, the highest, some distance inland, reaching approximately 1,260 feet (384 m) above sea level. The southern face of the peak is remarkable for its striking cliffs, the result of quarrying in past years. Lying within Hudson Highlands State Park, it offers many stunning views of the river and region and is quite popular with hikers.Wikipedia.

ACTUALLY, Breakneck Valley is indeed a location on St. Helena. In the early 18th century, there was a gold rush in Breakneck Valley, St. Helena, from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena WIKI]:

St Helena was then transferred to this new United East India Company. The same year, extensive work began to build the present Castle. Because of a lack of cement, mud was used as the mortar for many buildings, most of which had deteriorated into a state of ruin. In a search for lime on the island, a soldier in 1709 claimed to have discovered gold and silver deposits in Breakneck Valley. For a short period, it is believed that almost every able-bodied man was employed in prospecting for these precious metals. The short-lived Breakneck Valley Gold Rush ended with the results of an assay of the deposits in London, showing that they were iron pyrites.

==Annotation Index==

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==Page 116==
'''Christopher Smart''' [[Image:Christopher Smart.jpg|thumb|Christopher Smart|right]]Christopher Smart (11 April 1722 – 21 May 1771), also known as "Kit Smart", "Kitty Smart", and "Jack Smart", was an English poet. He was a major contributor to two popular magazines and a friend to influential cultural icons like Samuel Johnson and Henry Fielding. Smart, a high church Anglican, was widely known throughout London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Smart WIKI]

==Page 118==
'''Sirius Business''' 
A nice astronomical pun on "serious business." Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, aka "Dog Star."

==Page 121==
'''Shelton Clock''' 
Clock made by John Shelton, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/artefacts/shelton_regulator/ LINK].

'''Ellicott Clock''' 
Clock made by John Ellicott, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.raffetydialclocks.co.uk/info/JohnEllicott.html LINK].

==Page 123==
'''What they feel is an Attraction, more or less resistable, to beat in synchrony with it''' 
1st of many references to the difficulties of finding a ships longitude while at sea. The standard pendulum clocks prior to 1741 simply moved with the rocking of the boat and were therefore inaccurate for time keeping on the ocean. It wasn't until 1741 that John Harrison solved the problem with a special clock design.

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==Page 94==
'''We feel as components of Gravity, His Love''' 
Gravity's [real] Rainbow then.

'''Orrery''' 
or·re·ry
NOUN: Inflected forms: pl. or·re·ries
A mechanical model of the solar system.
ETYMOLOGY: After Charles Boyle, Fourth Earl of Orrery (1676–1731), for whom one was made.

==Page 95==
'''having travers'd the Sea''' 
Traverse is the family name in ATD and Vineland. Metaphor, fer sure. For more, see [[Chapter 3: 14-29|ch. 3, p. 14]]

'''"Georgian"''' 
Uranus.
[http://web.archive.org/web/20060210222142/http://vesuvius.jsc.nasa.gov/er/seh/hersc.html]

'''Mappemondes''' 
mappemond map-ð-mõnd
a map of the world (obs.) the world itself (hist.) [ L.L. mappa mundi ] Mappemond: the representation of real and artificial worlds.
First used, it seems as the name Les Mappemodes for a book of maps, 1200-1500, published in the sixteenth Century.

==Page 96==
'''June 6, 1761''' 

'''Vector of desire''' 
telescope; with oeuvre allusion to lots of vectors in ATD and reflected, refracted light.

'''Sappho's Fragment 95''' 
Greek female poet most of whose work only survives in fragments. Pynchon uses the most modern translation. Below are others. [Cut if too much, please]. This fragment captures a sentiment TRP seems to like--daylight and what evening can mean. See ATD, passim 
Fr. 95
Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother.
H. T. Wharton Thus imitated by Byron:--

O Hesperus, thou bringest all good things--
Home to the weary, to the hungry cheer,
To the young bird the parent's brooding wings,
The welcome stall to the o'erlaboured steer;
Whate'er of peace about our hearthstone clings,
Whate'er our household gods protect of dear,
Are gathered round us by thy look of rest;
Thou bring'st the child too to its mother's breast.
Byron's Don Juan, iii. 107. And by Tennyson:--

The ancient poetess singeth, that Hesperus all things bringeth,
Smoothing the wearied mind: bring me my love, Rosalind.
Thou comest morning or even; she cometh not morning or evening.
False-eyed Hesper, unkind, where is my sweet Rosalind?
Leonine Elegiacs, 1830-1884. Hesperus brings all things back
Which the daylight made us lack,
Brings the sheep and goats to rest,
Brings the baby to the breast.
Edwin Arnold, 1869 

Hesper, thou bringest back again
All that the gaudy daybeams part,
The sheep, the goat, back to their pen,
The child home to his mother's heart.
Frederick Tennyson, 1890. Evening, all things thou bringest
Which dawn spread apart from each other;
The lamb and the kid thou bringest,
Thou bringest the boy to his mother.
J. A. Symonds, 1883. 
Hesper, whom the poet call'd the Bringer
home of all good things. 
Tennyson,Locksley Hall Sixty Years After 
1886 From the Etymologicum Magnum, where it is adduced to show the meaning of aiôs, 'dawn.' The fragment occurs also in Demetrius, as an example of Sappho's grace. One cannot but believe that Catullus had in his mind some such hymeneal ode of Sappho's as that in which this fragment must have occurred when he wrote his Vesper adest, juvenes, consurgite: Vesper Olympo, etc. (lxii.), part of which was imitated in the colloquy between Opinion and Truth in Ben Jonson's The Barriers.

==Page 97==

'''Dutch Ado about Nothing''' 
Needless to annotate, maybe, but this is wordplay on Shakespeare's Much Ado About Nothing which has the major characters scurrying about in amorous pursuits and confusions. So unlike the usually "stolid" Dutch, as the text has it.

==Page 98==

==Page 99==

'''Ridottoes of Excess''' 
see Ridottoes, [[Chapter 7: 58-76| ch. 7, p. 71]]

==Page 100==
'''False Bay''' 

Body of water defined by Cape Hangklip (Dutch/Afrikaans for "Hang-cliff") and the Cape Peninsula in the extreme South-West of South Africa, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/False_Bay WIKI].

'''monomaniackal in her Pursuit''' 
Possible allusion to Moby Dick and Ahab's own insane quest for something white (a whale vs a baby)? Additionally, in Moby Dick, the Pequod crew hear the story of the "Town-Ho" while off the coast of South Africa. It is the story of a 1st mate mistreating a lower deck hand and an eventual uprising and mutiny. Eventually the mutiny is quelled and the leaders of the mutiny are beaten. But in the end Moby Dick kills the 1st mate.

'''when Wesley came to preach at Newcastle''' 
John Wesley, founder of Methodism. Scene on following page follows this lead, in that Wesley tried to come up with a "method" to where anyone could understand and reach an experience providing them with the truth of his own religious experience and awakening. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wesley WIKI].

'''Since Harry Clasper out-keel'd the Lad from Hetton-le-Hole''' 
An anachronism. Harry Clasper (5 July 1812 – 1870) was a famous British professional rower and boat-builder. He is credited with having invented the outrigger and spoon-shaped oars.

Clasper was a professional oarsman and an innovative boat-builder in the middle of the 19th century, based on the River Tyne in the north of England. In the early 1840s, he developed the first working outrigger, which helped him win the Royal Thames Regatta in 1844. The following year, he won the "Championship of the World" prize, again on the River Thames.

==Page 101==
'''waiting for a direct experience of Christ''' 
See note on Wesley on previous page, 100.

'''White Horsemen, carrying long Rifles styl'd "Sterloops," each with an inverted Silver Star upon the Cheek-Piece.''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_342 342].

==Page 103==
'''Barbary Pirates''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbary_pirates WIKI].

'''Levant Company''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Levant_Company WIKI].

'''twas [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience]] which provided the recurring Motrix''' 
Inconvenience again, see previous definition seeming apt here: [[B#bodine|Fender-Belly Bodine's]] ship, the H.M.S. Inconvenience appears again in 2006 in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Against the Day''].

==Page 104==
'''Ditters von Dittersdorf''' 
Austrian composer and violinist, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl_Ditters_von_Dittersdorf WIKI].

==Annotation Index==

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==Page 125==
'''against the Day swelling near''' 
just note.

'''whiten'd Rock Walls''' 
White is the color of the buildings in the Columbian Exposition in ATD. White is usually the color of the elite in ATD. Also Cf. The White Visitation in GR.

'''James's Town''' 
No curfew, everyone full of a good time, ruled by the moon. A Pynchon 'paradise". "Not Cape Town".

==Page 128==

'''Governor Hutchinson''' 
British royal governor of colonial Massachusetts from 1771 to 1774 and a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolution. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_%28governor%29 WIKI].

==Page 129==
'''no one here knows how he appears to anyone else''' 
Americans there, then, exist independently. All status is more or less equal. A century later, Alexis de Tocqueville will write of the awareness by others--status consciousness-- in society
as a defining trait of Americans.

'''Etesian Winds''' 
strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea. During hot summer days, this is by far the most preferred weather type and is considered a blessing. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etesian Wiki]

'''the face of a Woman of the Town, multiply-patch'd''' 
In the 18th century, black silk patches were worn not only to cover blemishes like pox scars. Their placement on different regions of the face was used as a code to indicate the wearer's attitudes.

==Page 130==
'''strange mind-to-mind throb''' 
Many believe that in pre-modern communities, the community inhabitants
thought and felt much as if of one mind. See J. James book, The Origins of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. See an early Powell movie......[to be researched]

==Page 132==
'''violent explosion''' 
Internal metpahor re America? Founded with violence, as many including D.H.Lawrence famously emphasised, which can erupt again at any moment?

==Page 134==
'''Mathesis''' 
Hypothetical universal science modeled on mathematics envisaged by Leibniz and Descartes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathesis_universalis WIKI]

'''Saint Brendan''' 
Irish monastic, St Brendan is chiefly renowned for his legendary journey to The Isle of the Blessed as described in the ninth century ''Voyage of St Brendan the Navigator''. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Brendan WIKI].

'''Paradise''' 
Age of Reason disposes of the notion. Cf. search for Shambala in ATD.

==Page 135==
'''Motto of Jacob Bernouilli''' 
One of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. Following his father's wish, Jacob studied theology and entered the ministry. But contrary to the desires of his parents, he also studied mathematics and astronomy. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernouilli WIKI].

==Page 139==
'''common acquaintance but lately withdrawn''' 
The absent God, again.

==Page 141==
'''Longitude Act of 1714''' 
The Longitude Prize was a reward offered by the British government through an Act of Parliament in 1714 for a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. The prize was administered by the Board of Longitude. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_Act WIKI].

==Page 142==
'''using what influence you can with Astronomers of other Principalities, as well as among the Jesuits &c... my Zero Meridian not upon Greenwich, nor Paris, but a certain Himalayan Observatory''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions WIKI] entry for Jesuit China missions.

'''Dr. Zhang''' 
Though Zhang is common name in the East, it is likely that Pynchon had Zhang Heng in mind in regard to this character. An anachronism, Zhang was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25–220) of China. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Heng WIKI] for much more.

==Annotation Index==

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==Page 14==

'''''Spiritual Day-Book''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Whitefield George Whitefield] (1714-1770) was a preacher in the Church of England and one of the leaders of the Methodist movement. He was a pioneer in the commercialization of religion and seen by many as the most powerful leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Awakening Great Awakening] in America. Whitefield popularized the concept of a spiritual day-book:

:Whitefield's familiary with a shopkeeper's daybook provided another metaphor for his faith. He urged his followers to take an accounting of their spiritual lives. "I think a good tradesman whether he deals largely or not, will take care to keep his day-book well," Whitefield explained, adding, "if a man will not keep his day-book well it is ten to one but he loses a good deal when he comes to count up his things at Christmas." Then applying the lesson to converts, the evangelist continued, "now I take it for granted, a good spiritual tradesman will keep his spiritual day-book well." A good Christian will be able to look at his accounts at the end of a day and proclaim, "I have died a little more to the world than yesterday, [and] this day I hope that I have been a little more alive to God than I was yesterday." <ref>''Pedlar in Divinity: George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737-1770'', Frank Lambert, Princeton University Press, 1994, p.50</ref>

'''Day's Fatigue''' 
Foreshadows the leitmotif of [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''Against the Day'']. The working day against which, etc., etc.

'''waking Traverse was done''' 
Not sure if the meaning has held constant, but modern day surveyors use the noun TRAverse (with the emphasis on the 1st syllable) to refer not to a line, but to a loop or geometric figure created by measuring the angle & distance from one point to another. By closing the loop and measuring the angle & distance back to the original point, the surveyor can determine the accuracy of the measurements (the loop should close completely, without any deviation from the measurements) and apply a correction, if necessary. Use of the word in this way describes each day as a forward progress (traVERSE) in addition to a circular return (TRAverse) --incredibly poignant.

Traverse is the main family name in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Against the Day'']. Descendants of Webb Traverse appear in [http://vineland.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''Vineland''].

'''yet another Term in the Contract between the City and oneself''' 
A reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_contract Social Contracts], the implied agreements by which people form nations and maintain a social order. This means that the people give up some rights to a government in order to receive social order. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes Thomas Hobbes] (1588-1679), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke John Locke] (1632-1704), and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau] (1712-1778) are the most famous philosophers of contractarianism, which formed the theoretical groundwork of democracy.

Pynchon has always been wary of cities, crushing the individual (the charismatic, the Life Force) in the pursuit of a rationalized and efficient system. Cf. the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=C#dactylic City Dactylic in ''Gravity's Rainbow''] ""the city of the future where every soul is known, and there is noplace to hide." Cf., also, the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Routinization_of_Charisma Routinization of Charisma in ''Gravity's Rainbow''].

==Page 15==

'''Wapping High Street''' 
The area was first settled by Saxons, from whom it takes its name (meaning literally "[the place of] Wæppa's people"). It developed along the embankment of the Thames, hemmed in by the river to the south and the now-drained Wapping Marsh to the north. This gave it a peculiarly narrow and constricted shape, consisting of little more than the axis of Wapping High Street and some north-south side streets. John Stow, the 16th century historian, described it as a "continual street, or a filthy strait passage, with alleys of small tenements or cottages, built, inhabited by sailors' victuallers." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry...]

'''Tyburn''' 
The village [of Tyburn] was notorious for centuries as the site of the Tyburn gallows, London's principal location for public executions by hanging. Executions took place at Tyburn from the 12th to the 18th century (with the prisoners processed from Newgate Prison in the City). Located near Marble Arch in present-day London. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyburn%2C_London Wikipedia entry...]

'''the Motrix of Honest Mirth''' 
The ''vis motrix'' is a term meaning "moving force" or "soul." Here we could equate it to 'Engine' or 'Stimulus'.

Immanual Kant, in the decades before the publication of the ''Critique of Pure Reason'', was a metaphysical dualist who offered a positive account of mind/body interaction. ''Thoughts of the True Estimation of Living Forces'' (1747), his first philosophical work, contains an argument that the mind/body problem presupposed several false and interrelated assumptions, all of which fell under the general view that the essential force of body is ''vis motrix''. Kant argued that the traditional ''vis motrix'' view, which was defended by Wolff and other post-Leibnizian German rationalists, appealed to an unexplanatory and metaphysically incoherent conception of force. [http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/kant.html]

'''Dixon's Joke''' 
We can only assume that TP intends Dixon's 'joak' to fail, to heighten the characters' mutual discomfort. - Mason's response is no kind of punchline, and scarcely seems to justify Dixon's assumption that he has 'heard it before'.

==Page 16==

'''Corsican accent''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica Corsica] is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily, Sardinia, and Cyprus). The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_language Corsican language] has strong similarities to Italian.

:In the French ''bourgeoisie'' any dialect other than "educated" Parisian French is regarded as inferior and excites hilarity; and of the many dialects, the Belgian and Corsican accents are regarded as the ugliest and funniest.<ref>''Race and Ethnicity: Essays in Comparative Sociology'', Pierre L. Van den Berghe; Basic Books, 1970, p.4</ref>

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France Napoléon Bonaparte], who was born on Corsica, was 9 years old when his family left for France and although he learned French, he was never able to shake his strong Corsican accent.

==Page 17==

'''Ha-Ha''' 
Ha-ha (garden)
The ha-ha or sunken fence is a type of boundary to a garden, pleasure-ground, or park, designed not to interrupt the view and to be invisible until closely approached. The ha-ha consists of a trench, the inner side of which is perpendicular and faced with stone, with the outer slope face sloped and turfed - making it in effect a sunken fence. The ha-ha is a feature in the landscape gardens laid out by Charles Bridgeman, the originator of the ha-ha, according to Horace Walpole (Walpole 1780) and by William Kent and was an essential component of the "swept" views of Capability Brown.

'''Aristarchus''' 
Aristarchus (310 BC - c. 230 BC) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, born on the island of Samos, in ancient Greece. He is considered the first person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the known universe (hence he is sometimes known as the "Greek Copernicus").

'''the other fellow''' 
It appears that Dixon is just rambling on a list of Astronomers and can't remember a particular name. Galileo? Copernicus? Tycho Brahe? Take your pick.

==Page 18==
'''Vine with Corn, beware the Morn''' 
Possibly some kind of anachronistic joke referring to the saying "Beer before liquor, never sicker."

'''mirror'd Lanthorns''' 
"Lanthorn" (pronounced "lantern") is an archaic, chiefly British, spelling of "lantern." It is derived from horn, of which the sides were once made. When horns are soaked in hot water for a time they become soft and flexible, much like fingernails do when they are kept in dishwater. These flexible horns can be cut and flattened out to make many translucent plastic-like objects.
"Lant" comes from the Latin ''lanterna'' ("lamp," "torch") which is derived from the Greek ''lampter'' ("torch")" from ''lampein'' ("to shine").

[[image:norfolk_terrier.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Norfolk Terrier]]'''Norfolk Terrier''' 
The grand entrance of the Learnèd English Dog. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Terrier The Norfolk Terrier] is the smallest of the working Terriers. Prior to 1960, when it gained recognition as an independent breed, it was a variety of the Norwich Terrier, distinguished from the Norwich by its "drop", or folded ears.

It appears that the name is an anachronism in ''Mason & Dixon'':

:In the 1880s, British sportsmen developed a working terrier of East Anglia, England. The Norwich Terrier and later the drop-eared variety now know as the Norfolk Terrier, were believed to have been developed by crossing Cairn Terriers, small, short-legged Irish Terrier breeds and the small red terriers used by the Gypsy ratters of Norfolk. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Terrier Wikipedia]

==Page 19==

'''''Ministerial''''' 
1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a minister of religion or of the ministry. 2. Of or relating to administrative and executive duties and functions of government. 3. Law Of, relating to, or being a mandatory act or duty admitting of no personal discretion or judgment in its performance. 4. Acting or serving as an agent; instrumental. From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''Where the Bee Sucks''' 
A song from Shakespeare's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_tempest ''The Tempest''] set to music by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Johnson_(composer) Robert Johnson], the lutenist to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England James I], in the 1659 ''Cheerful Ayres or Ballads''. In ''The Tempest'', after he is set free by Prospero, Ariel sings "Where the Bee Sucks":

:Where the bee sucks, there suck I 
:In a cowslip's bell I lie; 
:There I couch when owls do cry. 
:On the bat's back I do fly 
:After summer merrily. 
:Merrily, merrily shall I live now 
:Under the blossom that hangs on the bough.

The reference to Ariel and ''The Tempest'' foreshadows the L.E.D.'s discourse on how "Dogs learn'd to act as human as possible" in order to avoid being killed for food by humans ([[#Page 22|p. 22]]). A brief analysis of Ariel's character: [http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/The-Tempest-Character-Analyses-Ariel.id-130,pageNum-46.html]

:Ariel is a spirit of the air who, because he refused to serve the witch, Sycorax, was imprisoned in a tree until rescued by Prospero. Ariel willingly carries out Prospero’s wishes because he is eager to be free. Although he wants his freedom in exchange, Ariel approaches his tasks with enthusiasm, quickly doing what is asked and promptly reporting any activities that he observes. Early in the play, Ariel reports the plot to murder Prospero, and later, he assists in punishing Prospero’s enemies. Ariel’s obedience is an important symbol of Prospero’s humanity, because he ameliorates Prospero’s role on the island and humanizes the action that Prospero takes against his old adversaries. Finally, Ariel’s willing obedience of Prospero’s wishes stands in stark contrast to Caliban’s cursing and plotting against the same master.

[http://www.contemplator.com/tunebook/england/beesucks.htm Read & Listen...]

'''Integral of One over (Book) d (Book)''' 
Freshman calculus gag. The antiderivative or integral of the function 1/x is the function logarithm of x. Written (integral sign) 1/x dx = log x. Substitute (Book) for x. Answer: log (Book) = logbook.

The same gag appears in GR: 'integral of 1 over cabin d cabin = Log cabin + c = houseboat'.

'''Pistoles''' 
The French name given to a Spanish gold coin in use in 1537; it was a double escudo, the gold unit. The name was also given to the Louis d'Or of Louis XIII of France, and to other European gold coins of about the value of the Spanish coin. One pistole was worth approximately ten livres. In Dumas' ''The Three Musketeers'', set in the 1620s, we learn that thirty-five pistoles and twenty crowns make 465 livres.

'''Gate-Ways to Futurity''' 
Windows into the future.

'''Metempsychosis''' 
Metempsychosis is a philosophical term in the Greek language referring to the belief of transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metempsychosis Wikipedia entry...]

==Page 20==

'''upstart Chapels''' 
upstart: Suddenly raised to a position of consequence. 2. Self-important; presumptuous. Amer Her Dict.

'''singing Catches''' 
A Catch is a canonic, often rhythmically intricate composition for three or more voices, popular especially in the 17th and 18th centuries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_%28music%29 Wikipedia entry...]

==Page 21==

'''Fender-Belly''' 
Fender: a cushion hung on the side of a ship to protect it if it bumps into a wharf or so. Old tires now serve this function. Fender-Belly has such a cushion in front. A Bodine of some sort appears in many TP works

'''Coconut-Ale''' 
A Beer with the taste of coconut; described as a "killer beer" online.

'''Macaronis''' 
A British and American subculture inspired by the fashion of continential Europe eps. that of Italy. The term comes from the Itallian "maccherone" which means "boorish fool" but was taken on by the British to mean over the top fashionable.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaroni_%28fashion%29 Macaroni]
They would often speak in an affected manner and mix Latin into their speech.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaronic_verse Macaronic Verse]

'''Lunarians''' 
A Lunarian is an member of the movement of astronomers who felt that the solution to the Logitude prize lay in the development of lunar tables describing the moon of Jupiter. Famous Lunarians included Nevil Maskelyne; here it seems to be only a vague term of abuse.

'''Hostlers''' 
Singular...One who is employed to tend horses, especially at an inn. 2. One who services a large vehicle or engine, such as a locomotive. Middle English, from Anglo-Norman hostiler.

'''Glim-Jacks''' 
The ''1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue'', originally by Francis Grose,
defines a glim-jack as a link-boy. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-boy link-boy] (or link boy or linkboy) was a boy who carried a flaming torch to light the way for pedestrians at night. Linkboys were common in London in the days before street lighting. The linkboy's fee was commonly one farthing, and the torch was often made from burning pitch and tow.

In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thieves%27_cant thieves' cant] (a secret language which was formerly used by thieves, beggars and hustlers of various kinds in English-speaking countries), a linkboy was known as a "Glym Jack" ("glym" meant "light") or a "moon-curser" (as their services would not be required on a moonlit night). Employing a linkboy could be dangerous, as some would lead their clients to dark alleyways, where they could be beset by footpads.

==Page 22==

'''The L.E.D. blinks, shivers, nods in a resign'd way.''' 
L.E.D., here the "Learnèd English Dog", is also the abbreviation for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode "light-emitting diodes"], which do blink on a regular basis.

'''state of holy Insanity''' 
the second time an Eastern religious practice is linked to insanity. Rev.
Cherrycoke, [[Chapter_1:_5-11#Page 10|page 10]]. Ecstasy or real madness or both?

'''praeternatural... supernatural''' 
Praeternatural: Beyond or different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal

'''tail-wagging Scheherazades''' 
In ''A Thousand and One Nights'' (or ''Arabian Nights''), Scheherazade tells a story to the king (her husband) each night in order to stay her execution. Each night she ends in the middle of a tale, so that the King postpones her execution out of curiosity to hear the story's end.

'''Algernon''' 
Algernon is the name of a laboratory mouse in the novel (and short story) of Daniel Keyes, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon Flowers for Algernon] (1966), where the mouse undergoes surgery to increase his intelligence by artificial means. The story is told as a series of progress reports written by Charlie, who originally has an IQ of 68 and is the first human test subject for the surgery. Charlie – the same way as the mouse – shows spectacular progress in the beginning, only to regress later to his original state and die shortly after. Keyes in his turn took the name Algernon from the English poet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Swinburne Algernon Charles Swinburne] (1837-1909), a decadent master of verse, who in his late life suffered mental and physical breakdown due to his alcoholism, algolagnia and excitable character.

Here, it is little more than shorthand denoting an upper-class dilettante - Derek is surely addressing his friend, not the dog - but it can hardly be accidental that the name arises in the context of a miraculous increase of intelligence in an animal.

'''Macaroni Italian Style [...] Fop Fricasée''' 
The Terrier (the Learnèd English Dog) is futuristically punning on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccaroni_%28fashion%29 Macaronis] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fop Fops] mentioned on [[#Page 21|page 21]], as macaroni the food wasn't introduced in the U.S. until years later when [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson Thomas Jefferson] did so in 1789, when he returned home after serving as ambassador to France, bringing his "macaroni machine" with him.

==Page 23==

'''Hydrophobia''' An old name for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies rabies] and thus an understandable concern for the LED. Perhaps also sheer bravado in the interests of not being kidnapped - a small dog has no other threat against a group of eager sailors.

'''fathom''' 
Six feet. Sea depth is conventionally given in fathoms.

'''Bahf''' 
Bath, properly Royal Bath Spa, a genteel town in Somerset (originally the Roman Aqua Sulis); but an unlikely place to find Bodine's roots. Bodine's speech, with his elision ('Li'oo doggie', 'all 'e way', 'you take i' ') and the substitution of F for TH is archetypal London dialect, unlike Mason's, whose rhotic 'R's reflect his West Country upbringing (Stroud and Bath are not far apart linguistically).

'''"a British Dog, Sir. No one owns me"'''. 
Cf. Rev Cherrycoke, page 10.

'''a-lop''' 
Lopsided. (One OED cite from 1865)

==Page 24==

'''the Point''' 

Portsmouth Point, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth_Point Wiki entry].

'''Welsh Main''' 
"...in which eight pairs were matched, the eight victors being again paired, then four, and finally the last surviving pair" [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Cock-fighting EB11-cockfighting]

==Page 25==

'''Fulhams''' 
"Loaded dice are called high and lowmen, or high and low fulhams, by Ben Jonson and other writers of his time; either because they were made at Fulham, or from that place being the resort of sharpers" ([http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Grose-VulgarTongue/f/fulhams.html ''Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''], 1811)

'''Three-Threads''' 
* “half common Ale, and half Stout or double Beer” ([http://www.fromoldbooks.org/NathanBailey-CantingDictionary/T/THREE-Threads.html ''Canting Dictionary''] [thieving slang], 1737)
* “Half common ale, mixed with stale and double beer” ([http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Grose-VulgarTongue/t/three-threads.html ''Grose’s Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''], 1811)

'''Euphroe''' 
“A nautical term for blocks of wood with holes in them” (Levy, Toby. [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf ''MD3PAD'' PDF]. p. 8). The holes are used for running and securing line. The term usually refers specifically to the crowfeet dead-eyes. See photos 2-6 in this series of [http://forum.aceboard.net/15916-2168-6568-0-Photos-format-plus-eleve-photo-album-larger-format-photos.htm#id83555 pix].

'''Hepsie''' 
Diminutive of [http://www.cutebabyname.com/hepsie.html Hephzibah.]Mother of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasseh Manasseh] in the Old Testament(see [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=12&chapter=21&version=9 2 Kings 21:1]).

'''smoaks''' 
The usage here means "to divine" or "to read into," from the ancient practice of divining the future through the interpretation of smoke rising from a fire.

From ''Chambers's Encyclopedia'' (1868):

:Capnomancy (formed from the Greek ''capnos'', smoke, and ''manteia'', divination) was practiced by the ancients in two different ways - either they threw grains of jasmine or poppy on the burning coals, and watched the motions and the density of the smoke that rose from them, or they watched the smoke of sacrifices. This latter kind of C. was most generally employed, and that to which the greatest importance was attached. If the smoke was thin, and ascended in a right line, instead of being blown back by the breeze, or spreading over the altar, the augury was good. It was also believed that the inhalation of the smoke rising from the victims or from the fire which consumed them, gifted the priests with prophetic inspiration. [http://www.webspinning.com.au/home/lambertj/public_html/c.man.html]

==Page 26==

''''pert''' 
Shortened form of 'apert' (open, bold).

==Page 28==

'''share quarters''' 
Bodine's comment would suggest that the girls were indeed close.

'''Mauve''' 
The colour Mauve wasn't discovered until the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauve 1830s.] However [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva "Malva"] (the source for the word)or "Mallow" was one of the oldest known plants.

'''H.M.S. [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience]]''' 
[[B#bodine|Fender-Belly Bodine's]] ship (to appear again in 2006 in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Against the Day''])

==References==
<references />

{{MD PbP}}

S

2007-11-17T17:06:42Z

Nathank:

'''Sacques''' 
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)''' 
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux''' 
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry''' 
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena''' 
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133 [http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's''' 
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas''' 
352

'''St. Omer''' 
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter''' 
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)''' 
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes''''' 
55;

'''Sally Lunn''' 
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand''' 
669

'''Sandy Bay''' 
127; 159

'''Sapperton''' 
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95''' 
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain''' 
683

'''''Scamozz''''' 
260;

'''Scanderoon''' 
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick''' 
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion''' 
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag''''' 
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill''' 
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders''' 
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia''' 
571;

'''''Scotismus''''' 
596

'''Scriblerian''' 
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret''' 
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse''''' 
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal''' 
485

'''Seaton Prize''' 
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector''' 
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim''' 
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca''' 
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count''''' 
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.''' 
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler''' 
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)''' 
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour''' 
112

'''''Sha''''' 
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William''' 
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles''' 
289; abattoir

'''Shantung''' 
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio''' 
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of''' 
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese''' 
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)''' 
497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792); 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat''' 
575

'''Shelton, Mr.''' 
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin''''' 
485

'''Shippen, Mr.''' 
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy''' 
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg''' 
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle''' 
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel''' 
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.''' 
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty''' 
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley''' 
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla''' 
162;

'''Sideling Hill''' 
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill''' 
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John''' 
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley''' 
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius''' 
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson''' 
119;

'''Six Nations''' 
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the''' 
565

'''Sizer''' 
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon''' 
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings''' 
633

'''Slad''' 
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery''' 
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.''' 
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe''' 
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)''' 
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord''' 
281;

'''Smith, Captain John''' 
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt''' 
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam''' 
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak''' 
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake''' 
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh''' 
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri''' 
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter''' 
566

'''Snowball, Billy''' 
503

'''Snow, Mr.''' 
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year''' 
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"''' 
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus''' 
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray''' 
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates''' 
283;

'''Sons of Liberty''' 
564; 570

'''Soubrette''' 
419

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

'''South Mountain''' 
491;

'''Spadger''' 
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS''' 
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor''' 
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.''' 
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.''' 
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy''' 
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line''' 
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.''' 
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church''' 
233;

'''Staithes''' 
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act''' 
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek''' 
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross''' 
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire''' 
233;

'''Steed''' 
577

'''Stephens''' 
32;

'''Stepney''' 
195;

'''Sterloop''' 
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend''' 
305;

'''Stichomythia''' 
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig''' 
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs''' 
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund''' 
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge''' 
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)''' 
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50''' 
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud''' 
167; 197; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart''' 
551

'''Stuart Charters''' 
226;

'''Stukeleyesque''' 
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx''' 
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum''''' 
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.''' 
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws''' 
148; 

'''SURFACE''': 
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying''' 
460-61

'''Sutton Pool''' 
50;

'''Svånssen''' 
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.''' 
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts''' 
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.''' 
192; in The George

'''Sybil''' 
591

'''Syncope''' 
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa''' 
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of''' 
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

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2007-11-17T17:05:43Z

Nathank:

'''Sacques''' 
564;

'''St. Brendan (C.E. 484-578)''' 
A semi-legendary Irish saint best known for his 7-year voyage in search of the "Land of the Saints," i.e., the Isle of St. Brendan, supposedly in the mid-Atlantic, which Isle legend has him finding and living upon; "Set out in the fifth century to discover an Island he believ'd was the Paradise
of the Scriptures" 134; Isle, 703; 712; Well of Saint Brendan, 724; [http://www.catholicism.org/pages/brendan.htm Great Website on St. Brendan & Possible 5th Century Visits to America]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Brendan Wikipedia entry]

'''St.-Foux''' 
27; 39; 85

'''St. George Parry''' 
389; knife maneuver

<div id="helena"></div>'''St. Helena''' 
74; Island and British territory in the south Atlantic Ocean, 1920 km off the coast of southwest coast of Africa; it was annexed by the Dutch in 1633, then annexed and occupied by the [[E#eic|East India Company]] in 1659; became a British territory in 1833; coffee, 78; 105; 133

[http://sthweb2.helanta.sh/Jscam/JScam.html |Jamestown Webcam]

'''St. Kenelm's''' 
200; 211

'''Saint Nicholas''' 
352

'''St. Omer''' 
222; Le Maire teaches at a school there, 268

'''St. Peter''' 
26;

<div id="sandwich"></div>'''Sandwich, Lord (1718-92)''' 
John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, took part in the prosecution of [[W#Wilkes|Sir John Wilkes]], was associated with Dashwood and the [[M#Medmenham|"Mad Monks of Medmenham Abbey"]]; for his corruption was nicknamed Jemmy Twitcher. The "Sandwich" was invented in 1762; Sandwich, 262, 366, 367, 720

'''''Sal Si Puedes''''' 
55;

'''Sally Lunn''' 
199; a baked good

'''Samarkand''' 
669

'''Sandy Bay''' 
127; 159

'''Sapperton''' 
170; village about 8 miles east of [[#stroud|Stroud]], and Mason's hometown; 719 [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=Sapperton,+Gloucestershire,+GL7,+UK&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Sappho's Fragment 95''' 
96; Sappho of Lesbos (@630BC) is considered one of the great Greek lyrist-poets (she wrote her poems to be accompanied by a lyre). Socrates called her "The Beautiful" and Plato wrote about her, "Some say there are Nine Muses. How careless they are! Behold, Sappho of Lesbos is the Tenth!" Sappho spent most of her life on the Greek island of Lesbos. Only one of Sappho's poems survives in its entirety; the rest are fragments, one of which is #95 which W. T. Wharton translates: "Evening, thou that bringest all that bright morning scattered; thou bringest the sheep, the goat, the child back to her mother." Pynchon used "[[H#hesperus|Hesperus]]" - the Goddess of Evening - which is often used instead of "Evening".
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sappho Wikipedia entry]

'''Savage Mountain''' 
683

'''''Scamozz''''' 
260;

'''Scanderoon''' 
251; "At the northeastern corner of the Mediterranean Sea, just below the point where the southern coast of Asia minor joins the western coast of Syria, lies the town of Scanderoon, the ancient city of Alexandretta. This is the seaport for Aleppo, ancient Haleb, about one hundred miles to the east and a little south, for centuries a trading centre whence go caravans of merchandise to the towns far down the Euphrates, and where are brought the grains and wool that come in return." (from: The Arab Horse, Chapter II, "Arabia, And Some of the Bedouins" by Spencer Borden; New York, 1906); Scanderoon/Alexandretta was also the site, in 1628, of Sir Kenelm Digby's (carrying Letters of Marque from King Charles I) victory against French and Venetian galleys anchored there.

'''Schess, Frederick''' 
509; Waggoner on M&D crew

'''Schiehallion''' 
730; "Scottish mountain"; mountain in Perthshire, Scotland; [[Schiehallion|Maskelyne and...]]

'''''schlag''''' 
580; German for whipped cream

'''Schuylkill''' 
259; River flowing through the middle of Philadelphia and emptying into the Delaware (which separates Philadelphia from New Jersey). Its source is higher up in the state, in Schuylkill County. Pronounced SKOO-gull, "-kill" being derived from the Dutch for "river" or "canal". In the 18th century, the Schuylkill marked the western boundary of Philadelphia; [[Cape Map|MAP]]

'''Schvenkfelders''' 
380; members of a Protestant sect founded by Kaspar von Schwenkfeld (c.1490-1561), a German mystic. The sect's doctrines most resembled those of the Quakers. In 1736, 40 families emigrated to Pennsylvania where they maintained a distinct existence.

'''Scotia''' 
571;

'''''Scotismus''''' 
596

'''Scriblerian''' 
413; Martinus Scriblerus, a character invented by the Scriblerus Club formed around 1713 by Pope, Swift, Arbuthnot, and others. They collaborated on ''The Memoirs of Martinus Scriblerus,'' a satire intended to ridicule lack of taste in learning; it was belatedly published in 1741.

'''Sea-Fret''' 
243; ''O.E.D.'': fret, North, M19, origin unknown, mist or drizzle coming in off the sea; a sea fog

'''''Seahorse''''' 
21; "Sixth-rate" on which M&D sail to Cape of Good Hope

'''Seal''' 
485

'''Seaton Prize''' 
116; The Seatonian Prize was set up in 1750, being awarded to any Cambridge
graduate for the best poem on "the perfections or attributes of the
supreme being." ''See also'' [[Christopher Smart|Christopher Smart and...]]

'''Sector''' 
13; a telescope meant to view only the zenith (the point in the sky directly above); [[Sector|MORE]]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sector_%28instrument%29 Wikipedia entry]

'''Selim''' 
31; racing Yorick in Chester Town, 756

'''Seneca''' 
532; American Indian tribe; 571; Maiden, 554; 609

'''''Senzacapo, Count''''' 
118; Italian: "without a head"

'''Serpents &c.''' 
135; Worm of Slavery, 147; 153; 196; 226; 231; 242; 245; 344; 352; 594; 591;
Serpent-mound, 595; 673; 676; "deadly watersnake" 690; 770

'''seventh Wrangler''' 
437; ''See'' [[W#wrangler|seventh Wrangler]]

<div id="seven"></div>'''Seven Years' War (1756-63)''' 
The last major conflict before the French Revolution to involve all the great European powers. Basically, it was France, Austria, Saxony, Sweden and Russian versus Prussia, Hanover and Great Britain. The French and Indian War in the colonies was part of it and was settled by the [[P#paris|Treaty of Paris]]. See also [[B#leuthen|Battle of Leuthen]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seven_Years%27_War Wikipedia]

'''Seymour''' 
112

'''''Sha''''' 
542; aka "Bad Energy"; 545; 547; 573; 601; 615; 649; 683; 692

'''Shakespeare, William''' 
351; 690; ''Tragedy of Hypatia'', 559;

'''Shambles''' 
289; abattoir

'''Shantung''' 
169; soft, undressed Chinese silk or fabric made from same

'''Sharpe, Governor Horatio''' 
575; Governor of Maryland, and one of the Commissioners appointed by Lord Baltimore to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line

'''Shaula, second Altitude of''' 
71; a star, Scorpii (Shaula); 72

'''Shawanese''' 
536; tribe that kidnapped Eliza; 595; 663

<div id="shelby"></div>'''Shelby, Captain Evan (1719-1794)''' 
497; A historical figure mentioned in Mason's [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. His son, Isaac, became the first governor of the state of Kentucky (1792); 548; and Tom & Catherine Wheat, 576; Welshman, 581; 585; a surveyor, 586; Shelby's Mound, 598; "fighting in the West" 754; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Record]]

'''Shelby Seat''' 
575

'''Shelton, Mr.''' 
13; Shelton Clock, 121;

'''''Shin''''' 
485

'''Shippen, Mr.''' 
293; wealthy Tory Loyalist and member of Governor's Council in Philadelphia, and one of the Commissioners appointed by the Proprietors of Pennsylvania to settle the boundary dispute between Maryland and Pennsylvania, at the time of the surveying of the M-D Line; 325; 773

'''Shippen, Peggy''' 
308; daughter of Mr. Shippen; married Benedict Arnold in June 1778.

'''Shippensburg''' 
601; city in Pennsylvania which borders Franklin and Cumberland
counties. Founded July 1730. Named after Edwin Shippen.

'''Shirburn Castle''' 
193;

'''Shockey, Staphel''' 
496; M&D pause at his house near Antietam Creek

<div id="short"></div>'''Short, Mr.''' 
98; of the Royal Society; made Gregorian reflector for M&D's telescope; 270; in
the running for Astronomer Royal, 438;

'''Shorty''' 
258; the cook

'''Shovell, Sir Cloudsley''' 
323; Captain whose ships crashed onto the Rocks of Scilly

'''Shuja-ud-Danla''' 
162;

'''Sideling Hill''' 
601; One of the best outcrops in the northeastern U.S.A.
is located in the panhandle of Maryland along route 48. Known as Sideling
Hill, the outcrop exposes a syncline in the Valley and Ridge of the
Appalachians, where younger Mississipian strata lie upon Devonian strata.
850 feet of sedimentary rock are exposed in the road cut, and consist of clastics ranging from shale to conglomerate, including coal measures and a rather enigmatic diamictite near the base. <ref>[http://www.geol.umd.edu/HUTTON/sideling.html Geology Website]</ref>

'''Silbury Hill''' 
Silbury Hill lies about a mile south of the Avebury Henge and is situated
in a slight dip just north of the A4 and can be reached from the adjacent
car park although visitors are discouraged from climbing the mound. The mound was built around 2660 BC by Neolithic farmers who subsisted on
wheat, barley, oxen, pigs, and sheep. In this area there is substantial
evidence of goddess worship, and the goddesses are typically portrayed in
the squatting (birthing) position. Silbury Hill is probably the most mysterious Neolithic site in Europe with many theories being expressed as to the purpose of its original construction. Although some believe it was the burial place of King Zil, along with a golden horse, several excavations rule this out as no trace of any type of burial was found. Some people believe that it was built to represent the mother goddess, with the mound sybolising the pregnant womb. It was constructed over a period of probably about 30 or 40 years, around 2500 - 2700 BC which makes it contemporary with the megaliths at Avebury and also with the pyramids in Egypt.598; 748; [http://www.stonehenge.co.uk/silbury_hill/silbury_hill_info.htm More on Silbury Hill]

'''Singleton, Captain John''' 
469; in whose meadow M&D sink a marker post

'''Sir Cloudsley''' 
130; Maskelyne's drink at his local on St. Helena

'''Sirius''' 
107; the Dog Star; The Dog Star, Sirius, is the brightest star in the sky, and frequently used in navigation; moreover, it's a paired star (not unlike Mason and Dixon)[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/v/alpha/d.html#dog">MORE on ThomasPyncon.com]

'''Sisson''' 
119;

'''Six Nations''' 
513; 531; 571-72; 636

'''Sixty-six, the''' 
565

'''Sizer''' 
437; In Cambridge
University and at Trinity Colege, Dublin, a "sizer" is an undergraduate receiving an allowance from the college to enable him or her to study and,
formerly, required to perform certain menial duties.

'''Skanderoon''' 
47; aka Iskenderun, a southern Turkish seaport; 251

'''Skraellings''' 
633

'''Slad''' 
527; town in Gloucestershire, about 2 miles north of Stroud

'''Slavery''' 
"a Gothick Pursuit" 275; "In all Virginia, tho' Slaves pass'd before his Sight, he saw none. ''That'' was what had not occurr'd. It was all about something else [...]" 398; 692-93; Dixon accosting slave-driver, 695

'''Slough, Mr.''' 
342; where the Paxton Boys leave their horses. A "slough" is, according to ''Webster's New Twentieth Century Dictionary,'' "a place of deep mud or mire."

'''Slowcombe''' 
52; Fifer on ''Seahorse''

<div id="smart"></div>'''Smart, Christopher (1722-71)''' 
116; "Christopher Smart, who was tossed in the madhouse for his incessant praying (in the street, for the most part), constantly asked what creativity was, what rationality and irrationality were. His poems let loose a portion of the imagination which the age of reason made a point of keeping fettered with social norms and conventional religion; in this way his raptures were related to the scenes of redemptive or escapest madness we see in the literature of Sensibility." From [http://www.engl.virginia.edu/~enec981/dictionary/24smartM1.html this website]; Smart's published works include ''Poems on Several Occasions'' (1752), ''The Hilliad: An Epic Poem'' (1753), ''A Song to David'' (1763), ''Horace Translated into Verse'' (1767), and ''Jubilate Agno''; [[Christopher Smart|Smart and Samuel Johnson]]

'''Smedley, Lord''' 
281;

'''Smith, Captain John''' 
10; Captain of the ''Seahorse''; 349;

'''Smith, Matt''' 
305;

<div id="smith"></div>'''Smith, Old Sam''' 
638; Lancaster Sheriff and adversary of [[C#cresap|Thomas Cresap]]. Smith was a Pennsylvanian who had at one point (1736) burnt Cresap's home to the ground while attempting to arrest him for the murder of Knoles Daunt.

'''smoak''' 
understand (defined by content; word invented by Pynchon?), 25; smoke, 294; understand, 364;

'''Snake''' 
643; dog

'''Snares of Ranelagh''' 
140;

<div id="snorri"></div>'''Snorri''' 
633; child of [[K#karlsefni|Gudrid and Thorfinn Karlsefni]], and the first white child known to have been born in America.

'''Snotter''' 
566

'''Snowball, Billy''' 
503

'''Snow, Mr.''' 
243; Keel-Bully who takes Dixon out and they drift to "America"; [[Mr.Snow|Etymological Musings]]

'''Snowy Owl Year''' 
513

'''Soames, Jack "Fingers"''' 
53; 699 (?)

'''Society of Jesus''' 
223; Jesuits organization;
''
'''''Socko Stoombray''' 
647; Spanish: ''Se acostumbre''. The text translates this correctly, "one gets used to it."

'''Socrates''' 
283;

'''Sons of Liberty''' 
564; 570

'''Soubrette''' 
419

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
378; French: "Too Much Suspicion" or "A Bit Much"; "local ''Repaire'' [den]"

'''South Mountain''' 
491;

'''Spadger''' 
259;

'''SPANISH TRANSLATIONS''' 
"una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres" - "a cyclical creature, so you are" (432); "la Obra": "work" (522); "Pues Entonces": "Now then" or "Well then" (523); "Siempre Alguien derrama las Judias": "Someone always scatters the Jewesses" (523) ["Judias" also means "beans" - thus, what Zarpazo's really saying is "someone always spills the beans" (thanks to Benjamin Schei); "Viudita": "Little widow" (535); "!indale, mis hijos!": "come on/hurry up, my sons!" (549)

'''Spanish Visitor''' 
515; 524; 530; ''See'' [x-z.html#zarpazo">Zarpazo</a>

'''Spears, Mr.''' 
659; lives "where Braddock Road meets the Bank of the Yochio"

'''Spinney, Mr.''' 
454; on M&D crew

'''Spit, Guy''' 
457; "Pass-Bank Bully" on M&D crew; 546

'''Squire's Line''' 
694

'''Squivelli, Mr.''' 
177; ''LOrecchio Fatale'' ("The Fateful Ear")

<div id="staindrop"></div>'''Staindrop Church''' 
233;

'''Staithes''' 
418

<div id="stamp"></div>'''Stamp Act''' 
353; This law passed by the British government in 1765, levied the first-ever
direct tax by Britain on the Americans, requiring payment of a tax on items
such as papers and dopcuments, including newspapers, that were produced in
the colonies. Special stamps were to be affixed to the papers as proof that the tax had been paid. The uproar this act created in the colonies resulted in
George III repealing it in 1766; 394; 405; 564

'''Star Trek''' 
154; "They styl'd it 'Trekking,' and themselves 'Trekkers.'; 486; "Live long and prosper"; [Leonard Nimoy stated in an interview that he "borrowed" the "Vulcan salute" from a hand symbolin Orthodox Judaism; it is a blessing by the priests (''Kohanim'' which symbolizes the Hebrew letter ''shin'', the first letter in the word ''Shaddai'' (Lord)]

'''Stations of the Cross''' 
158; a series of 14 pictures or carvings portraying the Passion of Christ, from his condemnation by Pontius Pilate to his burial, i.e., (1) Jesus condemned to death, (2) made to bear the cross, (3) his first fall, (4) meets his mother, (5) Simon of Cyrene is made to bear the cross, (6) Veronica wipes Jesus' face, (7) his second fall, (8) women of Jerusalem weep over him, (9) falls a third time, (10) stripped of his garments, (11) nailed to the cross, (12) dies on the cross, (13) taken down from the cross, (14) placed in the tomb; 267; 314; 724

'''Stayndropshire''' 
233;

'''Steed''' 
577

'''Stephens''' 
32;

'''Stepney''' 
195;

'''Sterloop''' 
101; what the Dutch at the Cape call the rifles with the Pentacle sign, 342;

'''Stewart, Reverend''' 
305;

'''Stichomythia''' 
473; Dialogue in alternate lines of verse, used in disputation in Greek drama, and characterized by antithesis and repetition.

'''Stig''' 
443; Swede Axman on M&D crew; 465; Zarpazo in disguise? 545; 602; 610;
692; 706; 738

'''Stobs''' 
473; wooden stakes used for tallying the chains measured along the line

'''Stone, Reverend Mr. Edmund''' 
690; In 1750, the Rev. Edward Stone of Chipping Norton, England, isolated from a willow tree the first of a group of analgesic drugs derived from salicylic
acid (from the Latin "salix," which means "willow"). The acetylated
salicylic acid, having fewer side effects than Rev. Stone's original, is
better known as aspirin. It has become the most popular, effective,
universally used reliever of pain. [http://www.nidr.nih.gov/slavkin/pain.htm Source]

'''Stonehenge''' 
210; a Stone Age circle of standing stones, some still connected across the top with lintels, used as a cosmic calendar and for religious ceremonies. It is located east of center of a large area of flat land known as Salisbury Plain; 595; 749

<div id="strafford"></div>'''Strafford, Thomas Wentworth, 1st Earl of(1593-1641)''' 
226; English statesman who was originally opposed to [[C#charles-I|King Charles I]], but then became a royalist. While lord deputy of Ireland, he promoted despotic policies in order to solidify Charles' dominion. When rebellion broke out in Scotland in response to the harsh policies, Strafford was blamed and, vigorously prosecuted by [[P#pym|John Pym]] and [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]], he was beheaded.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50''' 
244; [[Strikes of '43 and '50|MORE]]

<div id="stroud"></div>'''Stroud''' 
167; 197; Churs of, 414; 501; [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Stuart''' 
551

'''Stuart Charters''' 
226;

'''Stukeleyesque''' 
595; William Stukeley (1687-1765) was a British antiquarian known as the "Arch-Druid." He did valuable objective fieldwork at Stonehenge and Avebury, but his later attempts to link them to the Druids lost many of his colleagues. He wrote ''Itinerarium Curiosum'' (1724) about his travels around Britain.

'''Styx''' 
399; river surrounding Hades; "Monongahela is the" 663

'''subjunctive'''
hopes, 345; laws of nature and common sense, 365

'''''Succedaneum''''' 
205; Latin: "successor" or "substitute" or "provider of relief"; "O sublime" 655

'''Sullivan, Mr.''' 
162;

'''Sumptuary Laws''' 
148; 

'''SURFACE''': 
313; 321; 390; 419

'''surveying''' 
460-61

'''Sutton Pool''' 
50;

'''Svånssen''' 
611-12

'''Sweet, Mr.''' 
454; on M&D crew

'''Swifts''' 
202; "glide like" 516

'''Swivett, Mr.''' 
192; in The George

'''Sybil''' 
591

'''Syncope''' 
8; (1) the loss of one or more letters in the interior of a word (as in ''scarr'd''); (2) faintness due to temporary loss of oxygen to the brain

<div id="szabo"></div>'''Szabo, Zsuzsa''' 
535; Hungarian for "Susan Taylor"; "operator of the automatick Battle of Leuthen" on M&D crew; 551

<div id="szeged"></div>'''Szeged, Truce of''' 
A ten-year truce between the Hungarians and Turks
in which Turkish Sultan Murad agreed not to cross the Danube River. Szeged,
city in southern Hungary, in Csongrad County, at the confluence of the Maros
and the Tisza rivers. Szeged's industries produce chemicals, rubber, glass,
furniture, and textiles, and carry on an extensive trade in paprika, wood,
corn, and wool. It is the site of the University of Szeged, formerly Jozsef Attila University (1921), which includes the Szeged University of Medicine (1872), and landmarks include the remains of a 13th-century tower and a large, two-spired cathedral. Szeged was a trade center and military stronghold for the Arpad kings, who ruled Hungary from 1000 or 1001 until the early 14th century. The city was under Turkish rule from 1542 to 1686. It was partly destroyed by a flood in 1879 and later rebuilt; 591; 594

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

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Nathank:

'''Ice, Immanuel''' 
659; Frederick Ice was a Hollander from Amsterdam who settled in Monongalia
County on the Cheat River in 1767. Two of his children, William and an unnamed
daughter, were captured by Indians. William, "was adopted and raised as an
Indian, acquired all of their habits, but never quite forgot his white
relations and frequently would make his escape and coming back to his old home,
remaining until his 'acquired indolence' would cause some friction with his
parents or some member of the family when he would leave and go back to the
Indians. . . . His sister married an Indian and was the mother of thrirteen
children, two of whom became famous amongst his red brethren, Tecumseh and his
brother, the prophet, who gave the colonial government a vast amount of
trouble" (2437-38). Ice's Ferry is a town on Cheat Lake, the result of the damming of the Cheat River. <ref>Comstock, Jim, ''The West Virginia Heritage Encyclopedia'', Volume 11 (Richwood, West Virginia; 1976)</ref>

'''''I Gluttoni''''' 
104; from ''Scammozetta''

'''Iliad''' 
242; 370; 443

'''Illuminati''' 
358; 377; 489; 543

'''impersonations''' 
Swedes, 613

'''Inanimate''' 
291; 372; 377

<div id="inconvenience"></div>'''''Inconvenience'', H.M.S.''' 
28; [[B#bodine|Fender-Belly Bodine's]] ship (to appear again in 2006 in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Against the Day'']) (See also, "Inconvenience," pages 57, 103, 370, 401, 414.)

'''Indian Queen''' 
290; ale venue in Philadelphia; 357; 352

'''Indiaman''' 
Ship used in trading between Britain and India

'''Ingvarr''' 
764; Ben Franklin's "Assistant"

'''Interface''' 
Single Shadowless Moment, 59; 282; Tangent Point, 323; 361;

<div id="invisible"></div>
'''Invisible Gamesters''' 
40

'''Invisible Hand''' 
411; Adam Smith's notion that rational agents guided by their own self-interest would act in such a way as to promote the public interest, the foundation of ''laissez-faire'' economics which caused much of the misery associated with the Industrial Revolution.

'''Invisible Snake''' 
352

'''Irish Baronet''' 
532

'''Iron Hill''' 
470; in The Wedge, "known to Elf Communities near and far"

'''ITALIAN TRANSLATIONS''' 
219: "Eppur si muove" = "Yet, it moves" Supposedly Galileo's words after an interrogation by the church in which he was forced to recant his heretical view that the Earth orbits the Sun.; "Bellezza, che
chiama": "a beauty that beckons" (416)

'''Italian Wind-Rose''' 
688; The compass card or wind-rose on the Oxford dial is printed with sixteen triangular points, between which are a further sixteen divisions at the outer rim showing the thirty-two winds, or points of the compass. The North point is shown by a [[F#fleur|fleur-de-lis]], and on the rim at the East point is a small cross. There is no other decoration or any colouring or numbering. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleurs-de-lis Wikipedia entry]

===References===
<references/>
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N

2007-11-15T16:26:27Z

Nathank:

''Nabob''' 
162, 415, 418; Wealthy gentleman, who usually made his fortune in India.

'''Nádasdy Hussars''' 
535; Hungary's oldest and most prestigious Hussar (light mounted) regiment, which was founded in 1688 and disbanded in 1920. Ferenc Count Nádasdy, member of an ancient aristocratic family of distinguished soldiers, became the owner in 1741.

'''Naming''' 
286; 323

'''Napier, John (1550-1617)''' 
John Napier of Merchistoun (1550 – 4 April 1617), nicknamed Marvellous Merchistoun, was a Scottish mathematician, physicist, astronomer/astrologer and 8th Laird of Merchistoun. He is most remembered as the inventor of logarithms and Napier's bones, and for popularizing the use of the decimal point. '''Napier's Bones''' were used for mechanically multiplying, dividing, and taking square roots. The rods (made of ivory, thus "bones") had numbers marked on them that solved mathematical problems when they were placed next to each other. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_napier Wikipedia entry]

'''Nautch Girls''' 
148; professional dancing girls in India; Nautch-Dancer with a Ruby in her navel,
177

'''Nawabheit''' 
161; "Nawab" is an alternate spelling of "Nabob" (a man of great wealth); "heit" is a German suffix meaning quality of or a state of (-ness)

'''Nazareth''' 
306

'''Neat's Tongue Pie''' 
446; ox tongue pie

'''Needles''' 
175; on St. Helena

[[image:needlewoman.jpg|left]]'''Needlewoman''' 
483; "beautiful Needlewoman in an old Painting"; "The Needlewoman" by Spaniard Diego Velázquez (1599-1660)

'''Nemacolin''' 
641; city in southwestern Pennsylvania

'''Neptune''' 
21; Roman god of the sea, corresponding to the Greek god Poseidon, depicted as
an elderly man holding a trident and sometimes astride a dolphin or horse; 26;
56

'''Nervus Probandi''' 
73; Latin: nervus = sinew, tendon, probandi = of proof

'''Nessel, Dr.''' 
95; German engineer who builds Orreries and created a model of the new planet,
Georgian (aka Uranus)

'''''net''''' 
356; Southern German: "no?" or "not so?" (Badisch question tag)

'''Nevilles and Vanes''' 
416; paintings of in Raby Castle

'''Newark''' 
436; town in Delaware near New Castle, about 3 miles south of
the Visto and 3 miles east of the Tangent Line

'''New Castle''' 
258; North England city on the Tyne River; [http://www.northeastengland.talktalk.net/Newcastle%20upon%20Tyne%20History.htm History - WARNING: music!]

'''Newcastle Gang''' 
200; 209

<div id="newstyle"></div>'''New Style''' 

From Time, the Moon, and Calendars:

:In 1752, when the American colonies switched calendars from Julian to Gregorian, [[F#franklin|Ben Franklin]] wrote: "It is pleasant for an old man to be able to go to bed on September 2, and not have to get up until September 14."

558; the adoption of the Gregorian calendar (with its dropped 11 days) by
England and Scotland in 1752; the correction was originally introduced by Pope
Gregory XIII in 1582 and soon adopted by most Catholic countries; Protestant
countries didn't adopt the "new style" until much later; 562; 603; ''See also'' [[E#eleven|Eleven Missing Days]]

'''Newton, Sir Isaac (1642-1727)''' 
97; English scientist & mathematician, credited (along with Leibniz) with
developing the Calculus; 98; 116; cause and effect, 133; 138; 162; 169; 220;
227; 318; 319; 375; 603; 615; 763; 772; [http://www.newton.cam.ac.uk/newtlife.html Online Resource]

'''Nineveh''' 
600; Ninevah, like [[B#babylon|Babylon]], is a city frowned upon by the Judeo-Christians. When the city was degenerating into wickedness in the eyes of YHWH, he asked Jonah to go straighten them out. Instead Jonah fled by
sea, and ended up in the belly of a whale. The city was spared when the
regurgitated Jonah became a willing prophet unto them, which pissed off
Jonah who thought God was too lenient on them after all Jonah had
been through.

'''Nonius''' 
707

'''Norfolk''' 
396; city on the southeast tip of Virginia, near where the James River meets Chesapeake Bay

'''Nutation''' 
437; oscillatory movement of the axis of a rotating body

'''Nynauld, Jean de''' 
236; reported, in 1615, that a werewolf's paw had been cut off and the next day a woman was discovered with a missing hand. She was, according to Nynauld, burned alive.

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P

2007-11-15T16:21:55Z

Nathank:

'''Padang''' 
57

'''paduasoy''' 
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick''' 
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado''' 
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian''' 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph''' 
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt''' 
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists''' 
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count''' 
195

'''Paradise of Chance''' 
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography''' 
141

'''Paranoia''' 
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)''' 
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu''''' 
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of''' 
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia''' 
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy''' 
401; on Long Island

'''Paxton Boys''' 
304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [[The Paxton Boys|MORE]]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
381

'''Peace of Paris''' 
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.''' 
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel''' 
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C.; 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah''' 
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Pearl of Sumatra''' 
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse''' 
114

'''Pebble-Lenses''' 
549

'''''Péché Mortel''''' 
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen''' 
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy''' 
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf''' 
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites''' 
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog''''' 
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke''' 
116

'''Pendennis Point''' 
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns''' 
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad''''' 
217; written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette''''' 
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord''' 
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle''' 
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch''' 
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos''' 
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion''' 
318;

'''Perth Amboy''' 
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend''' 
773

'''Philadelphia''' 
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta''''' 
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer''' 
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes''' 
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions''''' 
292; 494

'''Phiz''' 
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe''' 
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus''' 
273

'''Pietist''' 
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs''' 
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts''' 
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules''' 
612

'''pinguid''' 
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue''' 
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)''' 
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)''' 
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny''' 
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza''''' 
234-35; 260

'''Plafond''' 
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato''' 
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides''' 
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)''' 
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)''' 
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous''' 
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto''' 
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia''''' 
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris''' 
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate''' 
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise''' 
564;

'''polymorphous perversity''' 
Castle Lepton, 412-13

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de''' 
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee''' 
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)''' 
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard''' 
294

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)''' 
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his wee-ness (he was 4'6") and his ascerbick writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan''' 
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

'''Popeye''' 
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish''' 
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères''' 
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill''' 
127

'''Power''' 
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est''''' 
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian''' 
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle''' 
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester, John''' 
345;

'''Preterite''' 
698

'''Price, Justice''' 
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")''' 
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

'''Prisqueetom''' 
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother''' 
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland''''' 
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line''' 
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus''' 
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being
chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another
myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus''' 
142

'''Prospero''' 
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island''' 
306

'''Prussian Plains''' 
613

'''''Pues Entonces''''' 
523

'''Pumplenose''' 
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice''' 
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from commedia dell'arte. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife,
Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag

'''puns''' 
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; G. Rex, 423; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous''' 
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies''' 
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)''' 
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids''' 
547

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Aberration of Light

2007-11-15T16:03:29Z

Nathank:

[[image:James_Bradley.jpg|thumb|James Bradley|right]]In 1725 [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Bradley James Bradley], an English amateur astronomer, was attempting to observe stellar parallax when, through meticulous observation he observed that stars did trace out small ellipses in the sky as expected for parallax, but that all stars traced out precisely the same ellipses! This didn't make any sense at all; the only way the parallax of all stars could be same would be if all the stars were the same distance from the Earth  a regression to the Earth-centred universe with a vengeance! After a while, the apparent motion Bradley observed was discovered to be the result of the aberration of light. On each point in its orbit, the Earth is travelling with a velocity with respect to the distant stars that differs by 60 kilometers per second from the velocity at the opposing point  where the Earth will be six months hence.

Now 60 kilometers a second is pretty fast compared to freeway speed limits or even the velocity of Earth satellites, but it's only 0.02% of the speed of light. However, by Bradley's time the art and science of measuring the positions of stars had advanced to such an extent that he was able to observe the mere 41 arc-second displacement of the apparent position of stars due to aberration.

This effect leads to the bizarre consequence that, in order to view a particular star, you must actually be looking slighty to the side of the star's "true" location. Your view is therefore aimed at empty space, but what you end up seeing is the image of the star.

It wasn't until 1837 that astronomers managed to measure the much smaller parallax of the nearest stars. The classical aberration of light discovered by Bradley must be taken into account whenever accurate positions of objects in the sky are calculated.

[http://www.fourmilab.ch/cship/aberration.html From John Walker's Website]

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberration_of_light Wikipedia entry]

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