Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

Chapter 77: 749-757

2011-07-14T02:49:35Z

Lorenz: /* Page 757 */

__TOC__

==Page 750==
'''Ditters von Dittersdorf''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_10:_94-104#Page_104 104].

==Page 752==
'''the Fret''' 
(Dialectal, North East England) A fog or mist at sea or coming inland from the sea. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/fret WIKI]

'''Bradley''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_16:_167-174#Page_173 173].

'''hale''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_66:_633-645#Page_640 640].

==Page 754==
'''the Wand''' 
A witching wand; Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_74:_717-732#Page_725 725].

'''Shelbys fighting in the West''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_499 499] - Also, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickamauga_Wars_(1776-1794) THIS]

'''Demesnes''' 
In the feudal system, demesne (also spelled desmesne; pronounced /dɨˈmeɪn/ ''di-MANE'' or /dɨˈmiːn/ ''dih-MEEN''; via Old French ''demeine'' from Latin ''dominium'') was all the land, not necessarily all contiguous to the manor house, that was retained by a lord for his own use - as distinguished from land "alienated" or granted to others (''alieni'') as freehold tenants. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demesne WIKI]

'''Lord Bishop's Castle''' 
Auckland Castle (often known locally as The Bishop's palace), has been the official residence of the Bishop of Durham since 1832. However, its history goes back much earlier, being established as a hunting lodge for the Prince Bishops of Durham. The castle is surrounded by 800 acres (3.2 km2) of parkland, which was originally used by the Bishops for hunting and is today open to the public. The castle and its grounds contain seven Grade I listed structures. The castle's long dining room is home to 12 of the 13 17th century portraits of Jacob and his 12 sons painted by Francisco de Zurbarán, which were saved by Bishop Trevor in 1756. Trevor was unable to secure the 13th, Benjamin, so commissioned Arthur Pond to produce a copy, which hangs alongside the 12 other originals. Auckland Castle also provides the setting for Lewis Carroll's story "A Legend of Scotland". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_Auckland#Auckland_Castle WIKI]

'''Lanchester''' 
Lanchester is a village and civil parish in County Durham, England, and was in the former district of Derwentside (1975-2009). It is 8 miles (13 km) to the west of the city of Durham and 5 miles (8 km) from the former steel town of Consett, and has a population of slightly over 4,000 people. Although there was a small drift mine on the edge of the village which closed in the 1970s, Lanchester's economy was mainly based on agriculture. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lanchester,_County_Durham WIKI] - Also, cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_339 339].

'''Alidade''' 
An alidade is a device that allows one to sight a distant object and use the line of sight to perform a task. This task can be, for example, to draw a line on a plane table in the direction of the object or to measure the angle to the object from some reference point. Angles measured can be horizontal, vertical or in any chosen plane. The alidade was originally a part of many types of scientific and astronomical instruments. At one time, some alidades, particularly those used on graduated circles as on astrolabes, were also called diopters. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alidade WIKI]

==Page 755==
'''geometrick as a Prussian Cavalry advance''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_62:_608-617#Page_613 613].

'''nymphing''' 
Trout tend mostly to feed underwater. Especially when fishing deeper waters such as rivers or lakes, putting a fly down to the trout may be more successful than fishing on the surface, especially in the absence of any surface insect activity or hatch... The most common nymphing and general overall fly fishing technique that even beginners can master is a "dead drift" or tight line fishing technique, casting directly across the river, letting the fly line drift downriver while keeping any slack out of the line. If the Nymph is drifting too fast then you should perform an upstream mend. If the nymph is drifting too slowly you should mend downstream. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_fishing#Nymphing_for_trout WIKI]

'''Grebes''' 
A grebe is a member of the Podicipediformes order, a widely distributed order of freshwater diving birds, some of which visit the sea when migrating and in winter. This order contains only a single family, the Podicipedidae, containing 22 species in 6 extant genera. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grebe WIKI]

'''ken''' 
To know, perceive or understand. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ken WIKI]

==Page 756==
'''Norfolk Terrier''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_3:_14-29#Page_18 18].

'''Chester Town''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562].

'''Selim and Yorick''' 
The two most celebrated racehorses of their day, see this [http://books.google.com/books?id=zqcaAAAAYAAJ&pg=PA59&lpg=PA59&dq=selim+yorick+chester&source=bl&ots=1LJ17GPVAD&sig=W2t2N9NA0w7rubdaeuVGs5OPuRk&hl=en&ei=Oe35Ssq6McO1ngfesryFDQ&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=2&ved=0CA4Q6AEwAQ#v=onepage&q=selim%20yorick%20chester&f=false LINK]

'''"those fried American corn-meal Ar-ticles of yours, Jere, to have with his Fish...? What'll his name be?"''' 
Hush Puppy!!!!!!!! [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hushpuppy LINK]

==Page 757==
'''Lud Oafery''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_47:_460-465#Page_463 463].

'''Pike''' 
Esox is a genus of freshwater fish, the only living genus in the family Esocidae — the esocids which were endemic to North America, Europe and Eurasia during the Paleogene through present from 65—0 mya, existing for approximately 65 million years. The type species is E. lucius, the northern pike. The species of this genus are known as pike and pickerel, and in heraldry they are usually called lucy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pike_(fish) WIKI]

'''Shoals''' 
A sandbank or sandbar creating a shallow. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/shoal WIKI]

Actually, it is a school of fish.
More likely, considering the phrase used is ''"Dace-Shoals"'', Dace being a small freshwater fish of the minnow family.

'''"The next time you are together, so shall I be, with you."''' 
Another reference to [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%2018:20&version=KJV Matthew 18:20]; Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_359 359].

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 75: 733-743

2011-07-13T09:03:33Z

Lorenz: /* Page 734 */

==Page 733==
'''Mr. C. Dicey's County Atlas''' 
Cluer Dicey, see this [http://humphrysfamilytree.com/Dicey/cluer.html LINK].

'''Carp''' 
Carp is a common name for various species of an oily freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. Some consider all cyprinid fishes carp, and the family Cyprinidae itself is often known as the carp family. In colloquial use, however, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Carassius carassius (Crucian carp), Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp), and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp WIKI]

'''Dace''' 
Leuciscus is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly called Eurasian daces; familiar species include the Common Dace and Ide. The genus is widespread form Europe to Siberia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuciscus WIKI]

==Page 734==
'''Mr. Bird''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_43:_436-439#Page_436 436].

'''Miller of Wherr''' 
Masons's Old Man

'''Honorable E.I.C.''' 
Honorable East India Company

'''Chaldron''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_219 219].

'''Binchester''' 
Binchester is a small village in County Durham, England. It has a population of 271. It is situated between Bishop Auckland, which is to the south, and a short distance to the west of Spennymoor. It has a community centre, swing park and football field and is surrounded by countryside. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binchester WIKI] - Also, cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_339 339].

'''Torpidinous''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_477 477].

==Page 735==
'''Chub''' 
Squalius is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae as other chubs and daces generally do. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalius WIKI]

'''Bulkheads''' 
A wall within the hull of a ship, vehicle, or container. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkhead WIKI]

'''Phlegmatick''' 
Not easily excited to action or passion; calm; sluggish. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phlegmatic WIKI]

'''''Data''''' 
Cf. pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_73:_706-713#Page_709 709] &
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_9:_87-93#Page_89 89].

==Page 736==
'''Preston''' 
Preston is a city and non-metropolitan district of Lancashire, in North West England. It is located on the north bank of the River Ribble in the Central Lancashire sub-region. Preston and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient Roman activity in the area, largely in the form of a Roman road which led to a camp at Walton-le-Dale. The Saxons established Preston; the name Preston is derived from Old English words meaning "Priest settlement" and in the Domesday Book appears as "Prestune". During the Middle Ages, Preston formed a parish and township in the hundred of Amounderness and was granted a Guild Merchant charter in 1179, giving it the status of a market town. Textiles have been produced in Preston since the middle of the 13th century, when locally produced wool was woven in people's houses. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the industry. Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame, was a weaver born in Preston. The most rapid period of growth and development in Preston's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing... In the early 18th century a writer said Preston was "a pretty town with an abundance of gentry in it, commonly called Proud Preston". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston WIKI]

'''Liverpool''' 
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool WIKI]

==Page 737==
'''Factors''' 
A doer, maker; a person who does things for another person or organization. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_%28agent%29 WIKI]

'''Food Riots''' 
Probably an anachronism here, referring to, or at least riffing upon, the Irish Famine of 1740/41, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Famine_%281740%E2%80%931741%29 WIKI].

'''Mutton''' 
Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget and later mutton. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutton WIKI]

'''Corollary''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_72:_694-705#Page_696 696].

'''Ambit''' 
The sphere or area of control and influence of something. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambit WIKI]

'''North Cape''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_74:_717-732#Page_717 717].

==Page 738==
'''Hammerfost''' 
Hammerfest is a city and municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The municipality encompasses parts of three islands: Kvaløya, Sørøya, and Seiland. See/From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerfest WIKI]

'''Hovel''' 
1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. 
2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut. 
3. In the manufacture of porcelain, a large, conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. 
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hovel WIKI]

'''Bayley''' 
William Bayley, astronomical assistant in the Royal Observatory, was sent by the Royal Society to the North Cape for obs in 1769.

'''H.M.S. ''Emerald''''' 
See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Emerald LINK].

'''Captain Douglas''' 
May be this guy: Sir James Douglas, 1st Baronet (1703 – 2 November 1787) naval officer and Commodore of Newfoundland, born England. Douglas became a captain in the Royal Navy in 1744 and in 1746 was appointed Commodore of Newfoundland by Vice-Admiral Townsend. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_James_Douglas,_1st_Baronet WIKI]

'''Floe''' 
A low, flat mass of floating ice. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/floe WIKI]

==Page 739==
'''Sledge''' 
Any type of sled or sleigh. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sledge WIKI]

'''Gimbals''' 
A device for suspending something, such as a ship's compass, so that it will remain level when its support is tipped. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gimbal WIKI]

'''"[T]he Earth's Surface [...] began to curve sharply inward, leaving a great circum-polar Emptiness [...] toward which our path was taking us [...] And 'twas so that we enter'd, by its great northern Portal, upon the inner Surface of the Earth."''' 
Thus, Dixon relates to Mason his journey into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_earth Hollow Earth], guided by what seems to be an extraterrestrial being. See [[Chapter_55:_542-553#Page 548|p.548]]. Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_61:_597-607#Page_603 603].

Additionally, in hindsight, I am wondering if Squire Haligast is not possibly an expatriate of the Hollow Earth. His gifts may come from his use of the Tellurick Forces. Just another idea. Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_48:_466-475#Page_474 474].

'''Meg Bland''' 
Dixon's lady

'''farinaceously''' 
Farinaceous-
1. made from, or rich in starch or flour 
2. having a floury texture; grainy 
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farinaceous WIKI]

'''Tundra''' 
In physical geography, tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tūndâr, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra WIKI]

==Page 740==
'''debouching''' 
To pour forth from a narrow opening. To emerge from a narrow place like a defile into open country or a wider space. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debouch WIKI]

'''''Terra Concava''''' 
Hollow Earth

'''Corollary''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_72:_694-705#Page_696 696].

'''"to go anywhere is ever to ''de''scend."''' 
The partially italicized word might be a reference, or at least could've been influenced by Richard Farina, who used partially italicized words quite often in ''Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up To Me.'' - Probably a stretch, most likely just to emphasize the difference between in and out of the Earth.

'''Echelon''' 
A formation of troops, ships, etc. in parallel rows with the end of each row projecting further than the one in front. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echelon WIKI]

'''imbricated''' 
Having regular overlapping edges; intertwined. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/imbricate WIKI]

''''Secular Change of Declination'''' 
Fairly certain this is in reference to Aberration of Light, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberration_of_light#Secular_aberration LINK]

==Page 741==
'''Outer Darkness''' 
In Christianity, the outer darkness is a place referred to three times in the Gospel of Matthew ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%208:12&version=ESV 8:12], [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%2022:13&version=ESV 22:13], and [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%2025:30&version=ESV 25:30]) into which a person may be "cast out", and where there is "weeping and gnashing of teeth". Generally, the outer darkness is thought to be hell; however, many Christians associate the outer darkness more generally as a place of separation from God or from the metaphorical "wedding banquet" that Jesus is expected to have upon his Second Coming. Translated literally, the Greek text of Matthew reads "into the darkness, the outer", with a definite article before both the noun and the adjective. For this reason, the New International Version translates this text as "outside, into the darkness". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_darkness WIKI]

'''Specula''' 
A mirror

==Page 742==
'''Functionary''' 
A government official or functionary is an official who is involved in public administration or government, through either election, appointment, or employment. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionary WIKI]

'''Sensorium''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_8:_77-86#Page_77 77].

'''abeyance''' 
Condition of being undetermined. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abeyance WIKI]

Also: a state of temporary disuse or suspension; a dormant condition liable to revival. (SOED 6th Ed.)

'''Job, 26:5 through 7''' 
See this [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=job%2026:5-7&version=ESV LINK]

==Page 743==
'''the Frome''' 
The River Frome is a river in Somerset. It rises near Witham Friary, flows north through the town of Frome and joins the River Avon at Freshford, south of Bath. There are many weirs on the river. Several stretches, particularly below Farleigh Hungerford are used for coarse fishing and some trout fishing. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Frome,_Somerset WIKI]

==Annotations Index==
{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 74: 717-732

2011-07-13T08:57:29Z

Lorenz: /* Page 724 */

__TOC__

==Page 717==
'''North Cape''' [[File:NorthCape.png|200px|thumb|right|Map of North Cape (Nordkapp)]]North Cape (Norwegian: Nordkapp) is a cape on the island of Magerøya in northern Norway, in the municipality of Nordkapp. Its 307 m high, steep cliff is often referred to as the northernmost point of Europe, located at 71°10′21″N 25°47′40″E / 71.1725°N 25.79444°E / 71.1725; 25.79444, 2102.3 km from the North Pole. However, the neighbouring point Knivskjellodden is actually 1,457 metres further north. Moreover, both of these points are situated on an island, which means the northernmost point of mainland Europe is in fact Cape Nordkinn (Kinnarodden), about 20 km from the village of Mehamn. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Cape,_Norway WIKI]

'''Cherry Island''' 
Cherry Island is the only island in Loch Ness, Highland, Scotland, and is an example of a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crannog crannog]. The island is about 150 yards (140 m) from the shore near the southern end of the loch... A castle stood on the island during the 15th century; this was constructed of stone and oak wood and was probably used as a fortified refuge. It has been suggested that Cherry Island may have been a hunting lodge, with Dog Island the home for the hunting dogs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherry_Island_(Loch_Ness) WIKI]

'''pro forma''' 
The term pro forma (Latin "as a matter of form") is a term applied to practices that are perfunctory, or seek to satisfy the minimum requirements or to conform to a convention or doctrine. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro_forma WIKI]

==Page 718==
'''Boswell''' 
James Boswell, 9th Laird of Auchinleck (October 29, 1740 - May 19, 1795) was a lawyer, diarist, and author born in Edinburgh, Scotland; he is best known for his biography of Samuel Johnson. His name has passed into the English language as a term (Boswell, Boswellian, Boswellism) for a constant companion and observer. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Boswell WIKI]

'''Nitre, for Gunpowder''' 
Nitre is the mineral form of potassium nitrate, KNO3, also known as saltpeter (US) or saltpetre (UK). Historically, the term "nitre" – cognate with "natrium", a Latin word for sodium – has been very vaguely defined, and it has been applied to a variety of other minerals and chemical compounds, including sodium nitrate (also "soda nitre" or "cubic nitre"), sodium carbonate and potassium carbonate. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitre WIKI]

==Page 719==
'''crepuscular''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_47:_460-465#Page_465 465].

'''Scows''' 
A scow, in the original sense, is a flat bottomed boat with a blunt bow, often used to haul garbage or similar bulk freight; cf. barge. The etymology of the word is from the Dutch ''schouwe'', meaning such a boat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scows WIKI]

'''Ulster''' 
Ulster is one of the four Provinces of Ireland, located in the north of the island. Ulster is composed of nine counties: Antrim, Armagh, Down, Fermanagh, Londonderry, and Tyrone are part of Northern Ireland; while Cavan, Donegal, and Monaghan are part of the Republic of Ireland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster WIKI] - Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_58:_570-574#Page_572 572].

==Page 720==
'''Fairy Lights''' 
Decorative lights, most likely lots of small candles lit in a cluster, etc, similar to what we now know as Christmas lights.

'''hypnagogickally''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_338 338].

'''"Sandwich"''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366-367].

'''Donegal''' 
Donegal is a town in County Donegal, in the Province of Ulster, in Ireland. Donegal is not the county town (capital) of County Donegal, despite being its namesake, however until the early 17th century it was the capital of the larger former Kingdom and Principality of Tyrconnell... Donegal town is situated at the mouth of Donegal Bay, on the River Eske and is overshadowed by the Bluestack Mountains. The Irish name translates into English as ''Fort of the Foreigners (Vikings)''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donegal WIKI]

'''Munchausen''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_350 350].

==Page 721==
''''as above, so below'''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_487 487].

'''fluxions''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_61:_597-607#Page_602 602].

'''Reverend Dr. Taylor, an Infinite Series''' 
In mathematics, the Taylor series is a representation of a function as an infinite sum of terms calculated from the values of its derivatives at a single point. It is named after the English mathematician Brook Taylor (see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_38:_382-390#Page_384 384]). If the series is centered at zero, the series is also called a Maclaurin series, named after the Scottish mathematician Colin Maclaurin. It is common practice to use a finite number of terms of the series to approximate a function. The Taylor series may be regarded as the limit of the Taylor polynomials. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor_series WIKI]

'''Epsilonics... ''Defective Zero''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_482 482].

'''Imp''' 
An imp is a mythological being similar to a fairy or demon, frequently described in folklore and superstition. The word may perhaps derive from the term ''ympe'', used to denote a young grafted tree. Imps are often described as mischievous more than seriously threatening, and as lesser beings rather than more important supernatural beings. The attendants of the devil are sometimes described as imps. They are usually described as lively and having small stature... Originating from Germanic folklore the imp was a small lesser demon. It should also be noted that unlike the Christian faith and stories, demons in Germanic legends were not necessarily always evil. Imps were often mischievous rather than evil or harmful and in some regions they were attendants of the gods. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Imp WIKI] - Also, cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_63 63].

'''Kabbala''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_356 356] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_479 479].

'''Oakboys''' 
The Oakboys was a largely non-sectarian agrarian secret society on Ireland. They are also called ''Greenboys'' or ''Hearts of Oak''. It was regulatory, concerned with a moral issue as they perceived it. It sprang up in Ulster in mid-1763. Its targets were the County cess, the road-building activities of the Grand Juries which the cess financed, and the perennial grievance of tithes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oakboys WIKI]

'''Dublin Pale''' 
Eventually, after the 16th and 17th centuries, and especially after the Anglican Reformation and the Plantation of Ulster, many of the "Old English" settlers were gradually assimilated into the Irish population, in large part due to their relative reluctance to give up Roman Catholicism (those who worshiped in the Church of Ireland were rewarded with a higher status). They kept their version of the English language, which had Cornish influences, for the most part. They were in fact joined by other English Roman Catholics fleeing persecution under Queen Elizabeth I and subsequent monarchs. By the Tudor period, however, the Irish culture and language had regained most of the territory initially lost to the colonists: even in the Pale ‘all the common folk … for the most part are of Irish birth, Irish habit and of Irish language’. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pale WIKI]

'''Lord Pennycomequick''' 
See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pennycomequick LINK]

'''Bordeaux''' 
Bordeaux is a port city on the Garonne River in southwest France. It is the capital of the Aquitaine region, as well as the prefecture of the Gironde department. Its inhabitants are called Bordelais. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bordeaux WIKI]

'''Second Charles''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_335 335].

'''Wag''' 
A witty person. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wag WIKI]

==Page 722==
'''Robin Hood''' 
Robin Hood is a hero in English folklore, a highly skilled archer and outlaw. In particular, he is known for "stealing from the rich and giving to the poor," assisted by a group of fellow outlaws known as his "Merry Men". Robin and many of his men wore Lincoln green clothes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin_hood WIKI]

'''Buff''' 
Buff is a pale yellow-brown colour that got its name from the colour of buff leather. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buff_(color) WIKI]

'''the Folly''' 
In architecture, a folly is a building constructed strictly as a decoration, having none of the usual purposes of housing or sheltering associated with a conventional structure. In the 18th century English gardens and French landscape gardening often featured Roman temples, which symbolized classical virtues or ideals. Other 18th century garden follies represented Chinese temples, Egyptian pyramids, ruined abbeys, or Tatar tents, to represent different continents or historical eras. Sometimes they represented rustic villages, mills and cottages, to symbolize rural virtues. "Folly" is used in the sense of fun or light-heartedness, not in the sense of something ill-advised. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folly WIKI]

'''Topiary Elephant''' [[File:Topiaryelephant.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Topiary elephants at Bang Pa-In Royal Palace]]Topiary is the art of creating sculptures in the medium of clipped trees, shrubs and sub-shrubs. The word derives from the Latin word for an ornamental landscape gardener, topiarius, creator of topia or "places", a Greek word that Romans applied also to fictive indoor landscapes executed in fresco. No doubt the use of a Greek word betokens the art's origins in the Hellenistic world that was influenced by Persia, for neither Classical Greece nor Republican Rome developed any sophisticated tradition of artful pleasure grounds. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topiary WIKI]

'''Obelisks''' 
An obelisk is a tall, narrow, four-sided, tapering monument which ends in a pyramid-like shape at the top. Ancient obelisks were often monolithic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obelisk WIKI]

'''Mr. Halfpenny's ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste''''' 
William Halfpenny, English 18th-century architectural designer; he described himself as "architect and carpenter". His books deal almost entirely with domestic architecture, and especially with country houses in the neo-Gothic and Chinoiserie fashions which were so greatly in vogue in the middle of the 18th century. His most important publications, from the point of view of their effect upon taste, were ''New Designs for Chinese Temples, in four parts'' (1750-52); ''Rural Architecture in the Gothic Taste'' (1752); ''Chinese and Gothic Architecture Properly Ornamented'' (1752); and ''Rural Architecture in the Chinese Taste'' (1750-1752). This last book is believed to have introduced the word "gazebo" to the English language. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Halfpenny WIKI]

'''Great Buddha''' 
See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Buddha LINK] for examples in the East.

'''Peat Baths''' 
A peat pulp bath is a bath prepared of peat pulp from wetlands. Balneotherapy in form of peat pulp baths is offered in many health resorts. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peat_pulp_bath WIKI]

==Page 723==
'''Bog-bursts''' 
See this [http://www.ipcc.ie/infobogburst.html LINK]

'''Berm''' 
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier separating two areas. Berm is a loanword from Dutch. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berm WIKI]

'''"Slanes"''' 
(Anglo-Irish) A spade for cutting turf or peat, consisting of an iron flat-bladed head and a long wooden shaft. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/slane WIKI]

'''Mathesis''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_194 194].

==Page 724==
'''American Station of the Cross''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_525 525].

'''cogitating''' 
1. (intransitive) to meditate, to ponder, to think deeply 
2. (transitive) to consider, to devise 
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cogitate WIKI]

'''''Uber Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme''''' 
Johann Bernoulli posed the problem of the brachystochrone to the readers of ''Acta Eruditorum'' in June, 1696. He published his solution in ''Acta Eruditorum'' the following year in May, 1697 and noted that the solution is the same curve as Huygen's tautochrone curve. After deriving the differential equation for the curve by the method given above he went on to show that it does yield a cycloid. But his proof is marred by the fact that Bernoulli uses a single constant instead of the three constants, vm, 2g and D, above. Five mathematicians responded with solutions: Isaac Newton, Jakob Bernoulli (Johann's brother), Gottfried Leibniz, Ehrenfried Walther von Tschirnhaus and Guillaume de l'Hôpital. Four of the solutions (excluding l'Hôpital's) were published in the same edition of the journal as Johann Bernoulli's. In his paper Jakob Bernoulli gave a proof of the condition for least time similar to that above before showing that its solution is a cycloid... A Brachistochrone curve, or curve of fastest descent, is the curve between two points that is covered in the least time by a body that starts at the first point with zero speed and is constrained to move along the curve to the second point, under the action of constant gravity and assuming no friction. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brachistochrone WIKI]

'''the local Frieze''' 
Middle English term for a coarse woollen, plain weave cloth with a nap on one side. The nap was raised by scrubbing it to raise curls of fibre, and was not shorn after being raised, leaving an uneven surface. Panni frisi, "Frisian cloths", appear in medieval inventories and other documents. Frieze was woven in the English Midlands and Wales, and in Ireland from the fourteenth century, and later in Holland as well. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frieze_(textile) WIKI]

'''Neep-Lantern''' 
In Scotland, folklore, including that of Halloween, revolves around the ancient Celtic belief in faeries (Sidhe, or Sith, in modern Gaelic). Children who ventured out carried a traditional lantern (''samhnag'') with a devil face carved into it to frighten away the evil spirits. Such Halloween lanterns were made from a turnip, or "Neep" in Lowland Scots, with a candle lit in the hollow inside. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halloween_around_the_world WIKI]

'''Keadew''' 
Keadue is a village in County Roscommon, Ireland on the R285 regional road close to the borders of County Leitrim and County Sligo. The name is sometimes also spelled Keadew. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keadue WIKI]

'''Tath''' 
The droppings of cattle, as well as the luxuriant grass sprouting therefrom.

'''wan''' 
1. Pale, sickly-looking. 
2. Dim, faint. 
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/wan WIKI]

'''Well of Saint Brendan''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_13:_125-145#Page_134 134].

'''Galway''' 
Galway, one of the largest cities in Ireland, situated on the west coast of Ireland, has a complex history going back around 800 years. The city was the only medieval city in the province of Connacht. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Galway WIKI]

==Page 725==
'''Cavan''' 
Cavan (meaning "The Hollow") is the county seat of County Cavan in Ireland. It is one of the three counties, the others being Monaghan and Donegal, which are part of the Irish province of Ulster but are part of the Republic. The town lies in the northeast of the island, along the border with Northern Ireland. The town is located on the main road - the N3 road - linking Dublin (to the south) with Enniskillen, Ballyshannon and Donegal Town (to the north). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cavan WIKI]

'''Dowsers''' [[File:18thcenturydowser.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A dowser, from an 18th century French book about superstitions.]]Dowsing, sometimes called divining, doodlebugging (in the US), or (when searching specifically for water) water finding or water witching, is a practice that attempts to locate hidden water wells, buried metals or ores, gemstones, or other objects as well as so-called "currents of earth radiation" without the use of scientific apparatus. A Y- or L-shaped twig or rod is sometimes used during dowsing, although some dowsers use other equipment or no equipment at all. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dowsers WIKI]

'''''Krees'' from his Dream in Cape Town''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_70 70].

'''Traction''' 
1. the act of pulling something along a surface using motive power 
2. the condition of being so pulled 
From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traction WIKI]

'''Holy Wells of Gloucestershire''' 
A Holy Well is a spring or other body of water, revered either in a Pagan or Christian context, often both, as holy wells were frequently Christianized. The term 'Holy Well' is commonly employed to refer to any water source of limited size (i.e. not a lake or river, but including pools and natural springs and seeps), which has some significance in the folklore of the area where it is located, whether in the form of a particular name, an associated legend, the attribution of healing qualities to the water through the numinous presence of its guardian spirit or Christian saint, or a ceremony or ritual centred on the well site. In Christian legend, the water is often said to have been made to flow by the action of a saint, a familiar theme especially in the hagiography of Celtic saints. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holy_wells WIKI] - It is possible this is a reference to the Roman Villa in Chedworth, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chedworth_Roman_Villa LINK]

==Page 726==
'''Miasmatick''' [[File:Corsica.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Topography of Corsica]]
Reeking, oppressing, having the nature of a miasma (a noxious atmosphere or emanation once thought to originate from swamps and waste to cause disease). From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/miasmatic WIKI]

'''Finger of Corsica''' 
Corsica is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily, Sardinia, and Cyprus). It is located west of Italy, southeast of the French mainland, and north of the island of Sardinia. Corsica is one of the 26 régions of France, although strictly speaking Corsica is designated as a "territorial collectivity" (collectivité territoriale) by law. As a territorial collectivity, it enjoys greater powers than other French régions, but for the most part its status is quite similar. Corsica is referred to as a "région" in common speech, and is almost always listed among the other régions of France. Although the island is separated from the continental mainland by the Ligurian Sea and is much closer to the Italian than to the French mainland, politically Corsica is part of Metropolitan France. It was once briefly an independent Corsican Republic, until being incorporated into France in 1768. Corsica is famed as the birthplace of Napoléon Bonaparte. His ancestral home, Casa Buonaparte, is located there. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica WIKI]

==page 727==
'''Bradley''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_16:_167-174#Page_173 173].

'''''Péché Mortel''''' 
Mortal Sin

'''Mr. Chippendale''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_336 336].

'''Clive... Clive of ''India''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_74 74].

'''Venial''' 
Pardonable; able to be forgiven. from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/venial WIKI]

==Page 728==
'''Celadon''' 
The term "celadon" for the pottery's pale jade-green glaze was coined by European connoisseurs of the wares. One theory is that the term first appeared in France in the 17th century and that it is named after the shepherd Celadon in Honoré d'Urfé's French pastoral romance, ''L'Astrée'' (1627), who wore pale green ribbons. (D'Urfe, in turn, borrowed his character from Ovid's ''Metamorphoses''.) Another theory is that the term is a corruption of the name of Saladin (Salah ad-Din), the Ayyubid Sultan, who in 1171 sent forty pieces of the ceramic to Nur ad-Din, Sultan of Syria. Yet a third theory is that the word derives from the Sanskrit ''sila'' and ''dhara'', which mean "stone" and "green" respectively. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celadon WIKI]

'''Revers''' 
A lapel of a garment, turned back to show the reverse side. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/revers WIKI]

'''East Indiaman''' 
An East Indiaman was a ship operating under charter or license to any of the East India Companies of the major European trading powers of the 17th through the 19th centuries. In Britain, the Honourable East India Company itself did not generally own merchant ships, but held a monopoly granted to it by Queen Elizabeth I of England for all English trade between the Cape of Good Hope and Cape Horn, which was progressively restricted during the late 18th and early 19th centuries. English (later British) East Indiamen usually ran between England, the Cape of Good Hope and India, often continuing on their voyages to China before returning to England via the Cape of Good Hope. Main ports visited in India were Mumbai (then Bombay), Chennai (then Madras) and Kolkata (then Calcutta). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East_Indiaman WIKI]

'''Harrison Watch''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_20:_199-206#Page_201 201].

'''Hungarian Vampire''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_42:_422-435#Page_425 425].

'''Board of Longitude... B. of L.''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_13:_125-145#Page_141 141].

'''"Like watching Hamlet or something, isn't it?''' 
Mr. Gonzago should know his Hamlet - 'The Murder of Gonzago' is the play-within-the-play.

==Page 729==
'''Bedlam''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_351 351].

'''Veterans of Cartegena and Minorca''' 
The Battle of Cartagena de Indias was the decisive battle of a massive amphibious expedition by the forces of Britain under Vice-Admiral Edward Vernon against Spain under Admiral Blas de Lezo, taking place at the city of Cartagena de Indias, in present day Colombia, starting in March 1741. It is the most significant battle in the War of Jenkins' Ear and one of the largest naval campaigns in British history, though it is now largely forgotten by the British. The war later blended into the greater conflict of the War of the Austrian Succession. The battle ended in a major defeat and heavy losses for the British: 50 ships lost and 18,000 casualties. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Cartagena_de_Indias WIKI]

The Battle of Minorca (20 May 1756) was a naval battle between French and British fleets, leading to the court-martial and execution of the British commander. It was the opening sea battle of the Seven Years' War in the European theatre. Shortly after Great Britain declared war on the House of Bourbon, their squadrons met off the Mediterranean island of Minorca. Although the fight was indecisive, and the French broke off battle first, the decision by the British to withdraw to Gibraltar handed France a strategic victory and led directly to the Fall of Minorca. The British failure to save Minorca led to the controversial court-martial and execution of the British commander, Admiral John Byng, for "failure to do his utmost" to relieve the siege of the British garrison on Minorca. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Minorca WIKI]

==Page 730==
'''a Blank Sheet that invites Fiction and her vulgar Friends''' 
This passage recalls the discussion that Wicks and his listeners had about "the Novel," earlier in the book; Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_351 351].

'''Eleventh Commandment''' 
The Eleventh Commandment is a term used to describe a rule or policy that is extremely important to the point of being sacred. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleventh_commandment WIKI]

Specifically, here, "I must not speak ill of another Clergyman" references a phrase utilized by Ronald Regan in his 1966 campaign for Governor of California: ''Thou shalt not speak ill of any fellow Republican'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Eleventh_Commandment_(Ronald_Reagan) WIKI]

'''Schiehallion''' 
Schiehallion is a prominent mountain in Perth and Kinross, Scotland. Schiehallion has a rich botanical life, interesting archaeology, and a unique place in scientific history for an 18th-century experiment in 'weighing the world'. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schiehallion WIKI]

'''Cavendish''' 
Henry Cavendish FRS (10 October 1731 – 24 February 1810) was a British scientist noted for his discovery of hydrogen or what he called "inflammable air". He described the density of inflammable air, which formed water on combustion, in a 1766 paper "On Factitious Airs". Antoine Lavoisier later reproduced Cavendish's experiment and gave the element its name. Cavendish is also known for the Cavendish experiment, his measurement of the Earth's density, and early research into electricity. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Cavendish WIKI]

'''Mayer's Lunar Tables''' 
Tobias Mayer (17 February 1723 – 20 February 1762) was a German astronomer famous for his studies of the Moon. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tobias_Mayer WIKI]

==Page 731==
'''Investiture''' 
Investiture, from the Latin (preposition in and verb vestire, 'dress' from vestis 'robe') is a rather general term for the formal installation of an incumbent (heir, elect of nominee) in public office, especially by taking possession of its insignia. The term is normally reserved for formal offices of state, aristocracy and church. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Investiture WIKI]

'''Liripipes''' 
A liripipe (also liripoop, liripipion, liripion) is a historical part of clothing, the tail of a hood or cloak, or a long-tailed hood, in particular a chaperon or gugel, or the peak of a shoe. In modern times, the liripipe mostly refers to an element of academic dress, the tail of the cowl of an academic hood. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liripipe WIKI]

'''Tippets''' 
A tippet is a stole or scarf-like narrow piece of clothing, worn around the arms and above the elbow. They evolved in the fourteenth century from long sleeves and typically had one end hanging down to the knees. In later fashion, a tippet is often any scarf-like wrap, usually made of fur, such as the 16th century zibellino or the fur-lined capelets worn in the mid-18th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tippet WIKI]

'''Passementerie''' 
Passementerie or passementarie is the art of making elaborate trimmings or edgings (in French, passements) of applied braid, gold or silver cord, embroidery, colored silk, or beads for clothing or furnishings. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passementerie WIKI]

'''Pleiades''' [[File:Astrolabe.jpg|200px|thumb|right|A 16th century astrolabe]]See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_365 365] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_64:_623-628#Page_628 628].

'''Astrolabe''' 
An astrolabe (Greek: ἁστρολάβον astrolabon 'star-taker') is a historical astronomical instrument used by classical astronomers, navigators, and astrologers. Its many uses include locating and predicting the positions of the Sun, Moon, planets, and stars; determining local time (given local latitude) and vice-versa; surveying; and triangulation. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrolabe WIKI]

==Page 732==
'''Honorarium''' 
An honorarium is an ''ex gratia'' payment made to a person for their services in a volunteer capacity or for services for which fees are not traditionally required. This is used by groups such as schools or sporting clubs to pay coaches for their costs. Another example includes the payment to a guest speaker at a conference to cover their travel, accommodation, or preparation time. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honorarium WIKI]

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 75: 733-743

2011-07-13T04:39:08Z

Lorenz: /* Page 742 */

==Page 733==
'''Mr. C. Dicey's County Atlas''' 
Cluer Dicey, see this [http://humphrysfamilytree.com/Dicey/cluer.html LINK].

'''Carp''' 
Carp is a common name for various species of an oily freshwater fish of the family Cyprinidae, a very large group of fish native to Europe and Asia. Some consider all cyprinid fishes carp, and the family Cyprinidae itself is often known as the carp family. In colloquial use, however, carp usually refers only to several larger cyprinid species such as Cyprinus carpio (common carp), Carassius carassius (Crucian carp), Ctenopharyngodon idella (grass carp), Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (silver carp), and Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (bighead carp). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carp WIKI]

'''Dace''' 
Leuciscus is a genus of fish belonging to the family Cyprinidae. They are commonly called Eurasian daces; familiar species include the Common Dace and Ide. The genus is widespread form Europe to Siberia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leuciscus WIKI]

==Page 734==
'''Mr. Bird''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_43:_436-439#Page_436 436].

'''Miller of Wherr''' 
Dixon's Old Man

'''Honorable E.I.C.''' 
Honorable East India Company

'''Chaldron''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_219 219].

'''Binchester''' 
Binchester is a small village in County Durham, England. It has a population of 271. It is situated between Bishop Auckland, which is to the south, and a short distance to the west of Spennymoor. It has a community centre, swing park and football field and is surrounded by countryside. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binchester WIKI] - Also, cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_339 339].

'''Torpidinous''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_477 477].

==Page 735==
'''Chub''' 
Squalius is a ray-finned fish genus in the family Cyprinidae, containing the European chubs (the "European Chub" proper is S. cephalus). This genus belongs to the subfamily Leuciscinae as other chubs and daces generally do. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squalius WIKI]

'''Bulkheads''' 
A wall within the hull of a ship, vehicle, or container. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bulkhead WIKI]

'''Phlegmatick''' 
Not easily excited to action or passion; calm; sluggish. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/phlegmatic WIKI]

'''''Data''''' 
Cf. pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_73:_706-713#Page_709 709] &
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_9:_87-93#Page_89 89].

==Page 736==
'''Preston''' 
Preston is a city and non-metropolitan district of Lancashire, in North West England. It is located on the north bank of the River Ribble in the Central Lancashire sub-region. Preston and its surroundings have provided evidence of ancient Roman activity in the area, largely in the form of a Roman road which led to a camp at Walton-le-Dale. The Saxons established Preston; the name Preston is derived from Old English words meaning "Priest settlement" and in the Domesday Book appears as "Prestune". During the Middle Ages, Preston formed a parish and township in the hundred of Amounderness and was granted a Guild Merchant charter in 1179, giving it the status of a market town. Textiles have been produced in Preston since the middle of the 13th century, when locally produced wool was woven in people's houses. Flemish weavers who settled in the area during the 14th century helped to develop the industry. Sir Richard Arkwright, inventor of the spinning frame, was a weaver born in Preston. The most rapid period of growth and development in Preston's history coincided with the industrialisation and expansion of textile manufacturing... In the early 18th century a writer said Preston was "a pretty town with an abundance of gentry in it, commonly called Proud Preston". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preston WIKI]

'''Liverpool''' 
Liverpool is a city and metropolitan borough of Merseyside, England, along the eastern side of the Mersey Estuary. Historically a part of Lancashire, the urbanisation and expansion of Liverpool were largely brought about by the city's status as a major port. By the 18th century, trade from the West Indies, Ireland and mainland Europe coupled with close links with the Atlantic Slave Trade furthered the economic expansion of Liverpool. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverpool WIKI]

==Page 737==
'''Factors''' 
A doer, maker; a person who does things for another person or organization. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factor_%28agent%29 WIKI]

'''Food Riots''' 
Probably an anachronism here, referring to, or at least riffing upon, the Irish Famine of 1740/41, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_Famine_%281740%E2%80%931741%29 WIKI].

'''Mutton''' 
Lamb, hogget, and mutton are the meat of domestic sheep. The meat of an animal in its first year is lamb; that of an older sheep is hogget and later mutton. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutton WIKI]

'''Corollary''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_72:_694-705#Page_696 696].

'''Ambit''' 
The sphere or area of control and influence of something. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ambit WIKI]

'''North Cape''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_74:_717-732#Page_717 717].

==Page 738==
'''Hammerfost''' 
Hammerfest is a city and municipality in Finnmark county, Norway. The municipality encompasses parts of three islands: Kvaløya, Sørøya, and Seiland. See/From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hammerfest WIKI]

'''Hovel''' 
1. An open shed for sheltering cattle, or protecting produce, etc., from the weather. 
2. A poor cottage; a small, mean house; a hut. 
3. In the manufacture of porcelain, a large, conical brick structure around which the firing kilns are grouped. 
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hovel WIKI]

'''Bayley''' 
William Bayley, astronomical assistant in the Royal Observatory, was sent by the Royal Society to the North Cape for obs in 1769.

'''H.M.S. ''Emerald''''' 
See the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HMS_Emerald LINK].

'''Captain Douglas''' 
May be this guy: Sir James Douglas, 1st Baronet (1703 – 2 November 1787) naval officer and Commodore of Newfoundland, born England. Douglas became a captain in the Royal Navy in 1744 and in 1746 was appointed Commodore of Newfoundland by Vice-Admiral Townsend. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_James_Douglas,_1st_Baronet WIKI]

'''Floe''' 
A low, flat mass of floating ice. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/floe WIKI]

==Page 739==
'''Sledge''' 
Any type of sled or sleigh. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sledge WIKI]

'''Gimbals''' 
A device for suspending something, such as a ship's compass, so that it will remain level when its support is tipped. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gimbal WIKI]

'''"[T]he Earth's Surface [...] began to curve sharply inward, leaving a great circum-polar Emptiness [...] toward which our path was taking us [...] And 'twas so that we enter'd, by its great northern Portal, upon the inner Surface of the Earth."''' 
Thus, Dixon relates to Mason his journey into [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_earth Hollow Earth], guided by what seems to be an extraterrestrial being. See [[Chapter_55:_542-553#Page 548|p.548]]. Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_61:_597-607#Page_603 603].

Additionally, in hindsight, I am wondering if Squire Haligast is not possibly an expatriate of the Hollow Earth. His gifts may come from his use of the Tellurick Forces. Just another idea. Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_48:_466-475#Page_474 474].

'''Meg Bland''' 
Dixon's lady

'''farinaceously''' 
Farinaceous-
1. made from, or rich in starch or flour 
2. having a floury texture; grainy 
From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/farinaceous WIKI]

'''Tundra''' 
In physical geography, tundra is a biome where the tree growth is hindered by low temperatures and short growing seasons. The term tundra comes from Kildin Sami tūndâr, which means "uplands, treeless mountain tract." There are three types of tundra: Arctic tundra, alpine tundra, and antarctic tundra. In tundra, the vegetation is composed of dwarf shrubs, sedges and grasses, mosses, and lichens. Scattered trees grow in some tundra. The ecotone (or ecological boundary region) between the tundra and the forest is known as the tree line or timberline. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tundra WIKI]

==Page 740==
'''debouching''' 
To pour forth from a narrow opening. To emerge from a narrow place like a defile into open country or a wider space. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/debouch WIKI]

'''''Terra Concava''''' 
Hollow Earth

'''Corollary''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_72:_694-705#Page_696 696].

'''"to go anywhere is ever to ''de''scend."''' 
The partially italicized word might be a reference, or at least could've been influenced by Richard Farina, who used partially italicized words quite often in ''Been Down So Long It Looks Like Up To Me.'' - Probably a stretch, most likely just to emphasize the difference between in and out of the Earth.

'''Echelon''' 
A formation of troops, ships, etc. in parallel rows with the end of each row projecting further than the one in front. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/echelon WIKI]

'''imbricated''' 
Having regular overlapping edges; intertwined. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/imbricate WIKI]

''''Secular Change of Declination'''' 
Fairly certain this is in reference to Aberration of Light, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aberration_of_light#Secular_aberration LINK]

==Page 741==
'''Outer Darkness''' 
In Christianity, the outer darkness is a place referred to three times in the Gospel of Matthew ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%208:12&version=ESV 8:12], [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%2022:13&version=ESV 22:13], and [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%2025:30&version=ESV 25:30]) into which a person may be "cast out", and where there is "weeping and gnashing of teeth". Generally, the outer darkness is thought to be hell; however, many Christians associate the outer darkness more generally as a place of separation from God or from the metaphorical "wedding banquet" that Jesus is expected to have upon his Second Coming. Translated literally, the Greek text of Matthew reads "into the darkness, the outer", with a definite article before both the noun and the adjective. For this reason, the New International Version translates this text as "outside, into the darkness". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outer_darkness WIKI]

'''Specula''' 
A mirror

==Page 742==
'''Functionary''' 
A government official or functionary is an official who is involved in public administration or government, through either election, appointment, or employment. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functionary WIKI]

'''Sensorium''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_8:_77-86#Page_77 77].

'''abeyance''' 
Condition of being undetermined. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/abeyance WIKI]

Also: a state of temporary disuse or suspension; a dormant condition liable to revival. (SOED 6th Ed.)

'''Job, 26:5 through 7''' 
See this [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=job%2026:5-7&version=ESV LINK]

==Page 743==
'''the Frome''' 
The River Frome is a river in Somerset. It rises near Witham Friary, flows north through the town of Frome and joins the River Avon at Freshford, south of Bath. There are many weirs on the river. Several stretches, particularly below Farleigh Hungerford are used for coarse fishing and some trout fishing. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/River_Frome,_Somerset WIKI]

==Annotations Index==
{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 69: 665-677

2011-07-12T11:17:21Z

Lorenz: /* Page 674 */

__TOC__

==Page 665==
'''Chicken on a Line''' 
A chicken can be hypnotized, or put into a trance, by holding its head down against the ground, and continuously drawing a line along the ground with a stick or a finger, starting at its beak and extending straight outward in front of the chicken. If the chicken is hypnotized in this manner, it will remain immobile for somewhere between 15 seconds and 30 minutes, continuing to stare at the line. This may not be clinical hypnosis, but instead a case of tonic immobility. Instead of a hypnotic state, the chicken's reactions are more akin to a turtle moving into its shell, or a deer freezing from a spotlight--a defensive mechanism intended to feign death, albeit poorly... The first known written reference for this method came in 1646, in ''Mirabile Experimentum de Imaginatione Gallinae'' by Athanasius Kircher. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_hypnotism WIKI]

'''Black Hole of Calcutta''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109].

==Page 668==
'''what Voltaire wrote... to the Count and Countess d'Argental''' 
1763 – Letter to d’Argental: Although not directly an assessment quotation, this letter from Voltaire to Charles Augustin Feriol, comte d'Argental (date uncertain – likely around 1763) illustrates Voltaire's position and actions about the matter: "Will the government not forgive me for having said that the English took Canada, which I had, incidentally, offered, four years ago, to sell to the English, which would have ended everything, and which Mr Pitt’s brother had proposed to me"... "A few acres of snow" (in the original French, "quelques arpents de neige") is one of several quotations from Voltaire, the 18th-century writer, which are representative of his sneering evaluation of Canada, and by extension New France's, lack of economic value and strategic importance to 18th-century France. Because of its representative value and its concision, it has become rooted into popular Canadian culture and it is regularly quoted by Canadians. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_few_acres_of_snow WIKI] - Also, see [http://www.voltaire-integral.com/Html/15/11PREC31.html#i31 LINK]

'''''sans la voix de la Le More et le Canard de Vaucanson, vous n'auriez rien que fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France''''' 
Without the voice of Le More and the Vaucanson duck, you would have nothing to remind you of the glory of France

Le More = [http://arts.jrank.org/pages/8335/Catherine-Nicole-Lemaure.html Catherine-Nicole Lemaure Biography, (b. Paris, 3 Aug 1704; d. Paris, 1786)], French soprano.

'''''Fille''''' 
Girl, woman, etc.

'''Ordure''' 
n. - excrement, dung. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordure WIKI]

'''Besozzi''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_413 413].

'''''Bas-mondain''''' 
Low-worldly

==Page 669==
'''Bukhara''' 
Bukhara, also transliterated Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian ''βuxārak'' ("lucky place"), is the capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia and the city itself has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara WIKI]

'''Samarkand''' 
Samarkand is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most famous landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the city. In 2001, UNESCO inscribed the 2,750-year-old city on the World Heritage List as Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand WIKI]

'''Signore Drivelli''' 
The manager's name is a play on the expression "drivel", entertainment of a mindless or nonsensical nature.

'''Two Sicilies''' 
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the largest of the Italian states before unification. It lasted until 1861, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy. The kingdom had its capital in Naples and was commonly referred to in English as the Kingdom of Naples. The kingdom extended over the southern part of mainland Italy and the island of Sicily. It united two older kingdoms of the Mediterranean which had shared some common history; the Kingdom of Naples, consisting of the southern part of the Italian Peninsula, and the Kingdom of Sicily, consisting of the island of Sicily. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies WIKI]

==Page 671==
'''Colonel Byrd''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Great Dismal''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Parge_279 279].

==Page 673==
'''Delaware Chief Catfish''' 
Delaware Indian chief Tangooqua, commonly known as "Catfish", had a camp on a branch of Chartiers Creek in what is now part of the city of Washington, PA. The French labeled the area "Wissameking", meaning "catfish place", as early as 1757. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Mohawks''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_531 531].

'''Strings of Wampum''' 
Wampum are traditional, sacred shell beads of Eastern Woodlands tribes. They include the white shell beads fashioned from the North Atlantic channeled whelk shell and the white and purple beads, made from the quahog, or Western North Atlantic hard-shelled clam. Woven belts of wampum have commemorated treaties or historical events. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wampum WIKI]

'''Senecas''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_58:_570-574#Page_571 571].

'''Cherokees''' 
The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are connected to speakers of the Iroquoian language family. In the 19th century, their oral tradition told of their migrating south from the Great Lakes region. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee WIKI]

'''Dunkard Creek''' 
Dunkard Creek is a stream that flows through Greene County, Pennsylvania and Monongalia County, West Virginia near the towns of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania, and Blacksville, West Virginia. It flows into the Monongahela River near Dunkard, Pennsylvania, approximately three miles north of the Pennsylvania-West Virginia border. Mason-Dixon Historical Park is located on the banks of Dunkard Creek in an area where the creek crosses the border three times in less than one mile. The park grounds include Brown's Hill, the westernmost site from which Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon made astronomical observations during the original survey of the Pennsylvania-Maryland border in 1767. The creek is named for members of the Dunkard sect, a pacifist, nonconformist group of Christians who settled in the region during the 1700s. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkard_Creek WIKI]

'''Prisqueetom, Prince of the Delawares''' 
Brother of a Delaware Chief, when Mason & Dixon met Prisqueetom, he was 86 years of age. In his journal Mason wrote of him, "[Prisqueetom] had a great mind to go and see the great King over the Waters; and make a perpetual Peace with him; but was afraid he should not be sent back to his own Country."

==Page 674==
'''''Fatum in Denario vertit''''' 
Latin: Fate turns upon a penny

''''Doing a Chapman'''' 
Reference to Chapman Abraham, Detroit's first Jewish resident. See [http://detroit1701.org/Abraham,%20Chapman%20Marker.html LINK]

'''captur'd near Fort Detroit''' 
The Siege of Fort Detroit was an ultimately unsuccessful attempt by North American Indians to capture Fort Detroit during Pontiac's Rebellion. The siege was led primarily by Pontiac, an Ottawa war leader. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Detroit WIKI]

==Page 675==
'''Catawbas''' 
The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw, but most commonly Iswa) are a federally recognized nation of Native Americans, known as the Catawba Indian Nation. They live in the Southeast United States, along the border between North and South Carolina. The Catawba were once considered one of the most powerful eastern Siouan tribes. The Catawba began settling in this region of North America in the mid 17th century. It is a matter of some debate as to where the Catawba lived prior to European settlement, but the central and southeastern Great Lakes region is a generally accepted and much cited location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba_(tribe) WIKI]

'''''casus belli''''' 
''Casus belli'' is a Latin expression meaning the justification for acts of war. ''Casus'' means "incident", "rupture" or indeed "case", while ''belli'' means "of war". It is usually distinguished from ''casus foederis'', with ''casus belli'' being used to refer to offenses or threats directly against a nation, and ''casus foederis'' to refer to offenses or threats to another, allied, nation with which the justifying nation is engaged in a mutual defense treaty, such as NATO. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassus_belli WIKI]

'''Sir William Johnson''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_532 532].

==Page 676==
'''Siskin''' 
A bird related to the finch

==Page 677==
'''ghosts of '55''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 69: 665-677

2011-07-12T11:16:17Z

Lorenz: /* Page 674 */

__TOC__

==Page 665==
'''Chicken on a Line''' 
A chicken can be hypnotized, or put into a trance, by holding its head down against the ground, and continuously drawing a line along the ground with a stick or a finger, starting at its beak and extending straight outward in front of the chicken. If the chicken is hypnotized in this manner, it will remain immobile for somewhere between 15 seconds and 30 minutes, continuing to stare at the line. This may not be clinical hypnosis, but instead a case of tonic immobility. Instead of a hypnotic state, the chicken's reactions are more akin to a turtle moving into its shell, or a deer freezing from a spotlight--a defensive mechanism intended to feign death, albeit poorly... The first known written reference for this method came in 1646, in ''Mirabile Experimentum de Imaginatione Gallinae'' by Athanasius Kircher. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicken_hypnotism WIKI]

'''Black Hole of Calcutta''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109].

==Page 668==
'''what Voltaire wrote... to the Count and Countess d'Argental''' 
1763 – Letter to d’Argental: Although not directly an assessment quotation, this letter from Voltaire to Charles Augustin Feriol, comte d'Argental (date uncertain – likely around 1763) illustrates Voltaire's position and actions about the matter: "Will the government not forgive me for having said that the English took Canada, which I had, incidentally, offered, four years ago, to sell to the English, which would have ended everything, and which Mr Pitt’s brother had proposed to me"... "A few acres of snow" (in the original French, "quelques arpents de neige") is one of several quotations from Voltaire, the 18th-century writer, which are representative of his sneering evaluation of Canada, and by extension New France's, lack of economic value and strategic importance to 18th-century France. Because of its representative value and its concision, it has become rooted into popular Canadian culture and it is regularly quoted by Canadians. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_few_acres_of_snow WIKI] - Also, see [http://www.voltaire-integral.com/Html/15/11PREC31.html#i31 LINK]

'''''sans la voix de la Le More et le Canard de Vaucanson, vous n'auriez rien que fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France''''' 
Without the voice of Le More and the Vaucanson duck, you would have nothing to remind you of the glory of France

Le More = [http://arts.jrank.org/pages/8335/Catherine-Nicole-Lemaure.html Catherine-Nicole Lemaure Biography, (b. Paris, 3 Aug 1704; d. Paris, 1786)], French soprano.

'''''Fille''''' 
Girl, woman, etc.

'''Ordure''' 
n. - excrement, dung. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/ordure WIKI]

'''Besozzi''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_413 413].

'''''Bas-mondain''''' 
Low-worldly

==Page 669==
'''Bukhara''' 
Bukhara, also transliterated Bukhoro and Bokhara, from the Soghdian ''βuxārak'' ("lucky place"), is the capital of the Bukhara Province (viloyat) of Uzbekistan. The region around Bukhara has been inhabited for at least five millennia and the city itself has existed for half that time. Located on the Silk Road, the city has long been a center of trade, scholarship, culture, and religion. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bukhara WIKI]

'''Samarkand''' 
Samarkand is the second-largest city in Uzbekistan and the capital of Samarqand Province. The city is most noted for its central position on the Silk Road between China and the West, and for being an Islamic centre for scholarly study. The Bibi-Khanym Mosque remains one of the city's most famous landmarks. The Registan was the ancient centre of the city. In 2001, UNESCO inscribed the 2,750-year-old city on the World Heritage List as Samarkand - Crossroads of Cultures. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samarkand WIKI]

'''Signore Drivelli''' 
The manager's name is a play on the expression "drivel", entertainment of a mindless or nonsensical nature.

'''Two Sicilies''' 
The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies, commonly known as just the Two Sicilies, was the largest of the Italian states before unification. It lasted until 1861, when it was annexed by the Kingdom of Italy. The kingdom had its capital in Naples and was commonly referred to in English as the Kingdom of Naples. The kingdom extended over the southern part of mainland Italy and the island of Sicily. It united two older kingdoms of the Mediterranean which had shared some common history; the Kingdom of Naples, consisting of the southern part of the Italian Peninsula, and the Kingdom of Sicily, consisting of the island of Sicily. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_the_Two_Sicilies WIKI]

==Page 671==
'''Colonel Byrd''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Great Dismal''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Parge_279 279].

==Page 673==
'''Delaware Chief Catfish''' 
Delaware Indian chief Tangooqua, commonly known as "Catfish", had a camp on a branch of Chartiers Creek in what is now part of the city of Washington, PA. The French labeled the area "Wissameking", meaning "catfish place", as early as 1757. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Mohawks''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_531 531].

'''Strings of Wampum''' 
Wampum are traditional, sacred shell beads of Eastern Woodlands tribes. They include the white shell beads fashioned from the North Atlantic channeled whelk shell and the white and purple beads, made from the quahog, or Western North Atlantic hard-shelled clam. Woven belts of wampum have commemorated treaties or historical events. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wampum WIKI]

'''Senecas''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_58:_570-574#Page_571 571].

'''Cherokees''' 
The Cherokee are a Native American people historically settled in the Southeastern United States (principally Georgia, the Carolinas and Eastern Tennessee). Linguistically, they are connected to speakers of the Iroquoian language family. In the 19th century, their oral tradition told of their migrating south from the Great Lakes region. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cherokee WIKI]

'''Dunkard Creek''' 
Dunkard Creek is a stream that flows through Greene County, Pennsylvania and Monongalia County, West Virginia near the towns of Mount Morris, Pennsylvania, and Blacksville, West Virginia. It flows into the Monongahela River near Dunkard, Pennsylvania, approximately three miles north of the Pennsylvania-West Virginia border. Mason-Dixon Historical Park is located on the banks of Dunkard Creek in an area where the creek crosses the border three times in less than one mile. The park grounds include Brown's Hill, the westernmost site from which Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon made astronomical observations during the original survey of the Pennsylvania-Maryland border in 1767. The creek is named for members of the Dunkard sect, a pacifist, nonconformist group of Christians who settled in the region during the 1700s. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkard_Creek WIKI]

'''Prisqueetom, Prince of the Delawares''' 
Brother of a Delaware Chief, when Mason & Dixon met Prisqueetom, he was 86 years of age. In his journal Mason wrote of him, "[Prisqueetom] had a great mind to go and see the great King over the Waters; and make a perpetual Peace with him; but was afraid he should not be sent back to his own Country."

==Page 674==
''Fatum in Denario vertit''
Latin: Fate turns upon a penny

''''Doing a Chapman'''' 
Reference to Chapman Abraham, Detroit's first Jewish resident. See [http://detroit1701.org/Abraham,%20Chapman%20Marker.html LINK]

'''captur'd near Fort Detroit''' 
The Siege of Fort Detroit was an ultimately unsuccessful attempt by North American Indians to capture Fort Detroit during Pontiac's Rebellion. The siege was led primarily by Pontiac, an Ottawa war leader. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siege_of_Fort_Detroit WIKI]

==Page 675==
'''Catawbas''' 
The Catawba (also known as Issa or Esaw, but most commonly Iswa) are a federally recognized nation of Native Americans, known as the Catawba Indian Nation. They live in the Southeast United States, along the border between North and South Carolina. The Catawba were once considered one of the most powerful eastern Siouan tribes. The Catawba began settling in this region of North America in the mid 17th century. It is a matter of some debate as to where the Catawba lived prior to European settlement, but the central and southeastern Great Lakes region is a generally accepted and much cited location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catawba_(tribe) WIKI]

'''''casus belli''''' 
''Casus belli'' is a Latin expression meaning the justification for acts of war. ''Casus'' means "incident", "rupture" or indeed "case", while ''belli'' means "of war". It is usually distinguished from ''casus foederis'', with ''casus belli'' being used to refer to offenses or threats directly against a nation, and ''casus foederis'' to refer to offenses or threats to another, allied, nation with which the justifying nation is engaged in a mutual defense treaty, such as NATO. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassus_belli WIKI]

'''Sir William Johnson''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_532 532].

==Page 676==
'''Siskin''' 
A bird related to the finch

==Page 677==
'''ghosts of '55''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 59: 575-584

2011-07-11T05:00:52Z

Lorenz: /* Page 582 */

__TOC__

==Page 575==
'''Shelby Seat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 548].

'''Governor Sharpe''' 
Horatio Sharpe (1718-1790) was Provincial Governor of Maryland from 1753 to 1768 under the Restored Proprietary Government. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Sharpe WIKI]

'''Mr. Joseph Warford''' 
In December 1776, Joseph Warford was deeded 100 acres of land on which he laid out a village that was to become known as Warfordsburg. A large stone structure that served as the Warford home and tavern was built, though the building was destroyed by fire in 1947. Warfordsburg lies just north of the Mason-Dixon line in Union and Brush Creek Township in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania, off Interstate 70 and readily accessible to U.S. Route 40, the historic National Road. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfordsburg,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Tom Hynes... Catherine Wheat... Baby''' 
See this [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Council_of_Maryland LINK]

'''Frederick's Town''' 
Frederick is a city in west-central Maryland, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, the largest county by area in the state of Maryland... “Frederick Town” was laid out by Daniel Dulany (a land speculator) in 1745, and settled by a German immigrant party led by a young German Reformed schoolmaster from the Rhineland Palatinate named Johann Thomas Schley (d. 1790), who came to the Maryland colony with his wife, Maria Winz. They built the first house of the new town which into the 20th century stood at the northwest corner of Middle Alley and East Patrick Street. The settlement was founded upon a tract of land granted by Daniel Dulany on the banks of Carroll Creek. Within three years the settlement had become the county seat of Frederick County. It is uncertain which Frederick the town was named for, but the likeliest candidate is Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Town WIKI]

==Page 576==
'''the Kirk''' 
The Kirk is an informal name for the Church of Scotland, the country's national church. The Kirk of Scotland was in official use as the name of the Church of Scotland until the 17th century, and still today the term is frequently used in the press and everyday speech, though seldom in the Church's own literature. However, Kirk Session is still the standard term in church law for the court of elders in the local parish, both in the Church of Scotland and in any of the other Scottish Presbyterian denominations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk WIKI]

==Page 577==
'''Barney Johnson''' 
Related to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_%28Maryland%29 this guy], perhaps.

==Page 578==
'''Arnica Tea''' 
Arnica montana has been used medicinally for centuries. The roots contain derivatives of thymol, which are used as fungicides and preservatives and may have some anti-inflammatory effect. Arnica is currently used in liniment and ointment preparations used for strains, sprains, and bruises. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnica WIKI]

'''the Baby is suddenly become a Ball in a Game''' 
Here we have record of the first game of American Football (though a bit more like Rugby), PA vs. MD. Also, if you havent yet, see [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Council_of_Maryland THIS].

'''Shelbyites''' 
If you just be happening to join us, followers of our boy Shelby, Pennsylvania style, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 548].

'''Banshee''' 
The Banshee, from the Irish bean sídhe [bʲæn ˈʃiː] ("woman of the síde" or "woman of the fairy mounds") is a female spirit [in Irish mythology, usually seen as an omen of death and a messenger from the Otherworld]. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banshee WIKI]

==Page 580==
'''''net''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_356 356].

'''''schlag''''' 
German- smack

==Page 581==
'''Tête-à-Tête''' 
A face-to-face meeting, or private conversation between two people, usually in an intimate setting; a head-to-head. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-t%C3%AAte WIKI]

'''Avuncular Apparition''' 
Couldnt this, besides Warford, also refer to Wicks who is telling the story? Much like the apparitions during Mason's nightwalking of the Lost Eleven Days, Wicks is somehow present, through his retelling of the tale...

'''desuperpollicates''' 
Gives the thumbs up?

More likely thumbs down: 'de-' prefix is to reduce, as in lowering the thumb from an upward or upper position -what a turgid word.

==Page 582==
'''Conoloways White''' 
Most likely moonshine that Conrad Wheat has made with water from Conoloways Creek.

'''Calathumpians''' 
Calathumpian is used in a non-judgmental way to describe a religion or philosophy when it is relatively original, held by a small group, personally assembled, or not institutionalized. In addition it is sometimes used as a non-specific example of a religious or political persuasion. For instance "just because a Caluthumpian believes 'x', does not make it right". Calasthumpian (possibly apocryphal origin from Latin “calathus” = rubbish bin) is a description applied, sometimes pejoratively, to individuals who believe things that mainstream believers (at that time and place) tend to regard as rubbish. Sometimes spelled "callothumpian", "carathumpian" and "calisthumpian", amongst diverse variations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calathumpian WIKI]

More likely to mean ''Callithumpian'', as the passage describes a band of drums, pentatonically-tuned cowbells, &c. Callithumpian refers to a member of a discordant, though not necessarily talentless band of musicians, or, as an adjective, means designating, resembling, or pertaining to such a band. Either a rare mistake by Pynchon the logophile, or an allusion that yet alludes me.

'''Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

==Page 583==
'''"The Black Joke"''' 
The Black Joke, sometimes spelled Black Joak, was a bawdy song heard in London around 1730. William Hogarth referenced the song in the Tavern Scene of A Rake's Progress. The lyrics and tune apparently gave rise to variations from 1730 onwards, such as the ''White Joak'' and so forth. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Joke WIKI] See [http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiBLCKJKE;ttBLCKJKE.html LYRICS HERE]

'''The Day and its Demands''' 
Again, touching on a main theme in ''ATD''--Finding (or creating) happiness and joy against the unavoidable strife and responsibilities of daily living.

==Page 584==
'''Defiles''' 
Defile is a geographic term for a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills. It has its origins as a military description of a pass through which troops can march only in a narrow column or with a narrow front. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defile_(geography) WIKI]

'''Grandfather Cresap''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 59: 575-584

2011-07-11T04:59:38Z

Lorenz: /* Page 582 */

__TOC__

==Page 575==
'''Shelby Seat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 548].

'''Governor Sharpe''' 
Horatio Sharpe (1718-1790) was Provincial Governor of Maryland from 1753 to 1768 under the Restored Proprietary Government. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Sharpe WIKI]

'''Mr. Joseph Warford''' 
In December 1776, Joseph Warford was deeded 100 acres of land on which he laid out a village that was to become known as Warfordsburg. A large stone structure that served as the Warford home and tavern was built, though the building was destroyed by fire in 1947. Warfordsburg lies just north of the Mason-Dixon line in Union and Brush Creek Township in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania, off Interstate 70 and readily accessible to U.S. Route 40, the historic National Road. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfordsburg,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Tom Hynes... Catherine Wheat... Baby''' 
See this [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Council_of_Maryland LINK]

'''Frederick's Town''' 
Frederick is a city in west-central Maryland, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, the largest county by area in the state of Maryland... “Frederick Town” was laid out by Daniel Dulany (a land speculator) in 1745, and settled by a German immigrant party led by a young German Reformed schoolmaster from the Rhineland Palatinate named Johann Thomas Schley (d. 1790), who came to the Maryland colony with his wife, Maria Winz. They built the first house of the new town which into the 20th century stood at the northwest corner of Middle Alley and East Patrick Street. The settlement was founded upon a tract of land granted by Daniel Dulany on the banks of Carroll Creek. Within three years the settlement had become the county seat of Frederick County. It is uncertain which Frederick the town was named for, but the likeliest candidate is Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Town WIKI]

==Page 576==
'''the Kirk''' 
The Kirk is an informal name for the Church of Scotland, the country's national church. The Kirk of Scotland was in official use as the name of the Church of Scotland until the 17th century, and still today the term is frequently used in the press and everyday speech, though seldom in the Church's own literature. However, Kirk Session is still the standard term in church law for the court of elders in the local parish, both in the Church of Scotland and in any of the other Scottish Presbyterian denominations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk WIKI]

==Page 577==
'''Barney Johnson''' 
Related to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_%28Maryland%29 this guy], perhaps.

==Page 578==
'''Arnica Tea''' 
Arnica montana has been used medicinally for centuries. The roots contain derivatives of thymol, which are used as fungicides and preservatives and may have some anti-inflammatory effect. Arnica is currently used in liniment and ointment preparations used for strains, sprains, and bruises. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnica WIKI]

'''the Baby is suddenly become a Ball in a Game''' 
Here we have record of the first game of American Football (though a bit more like Rugby), PA vs. MD. Also, if you havent yet, see [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Council_of_Maryland THIS].

'''Shelbyites''' 
If you just be happening to join us, followers of our boy Shelby, Pennsylvania style, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 548].

'''Banshee''' 
The Banshee, from the Irish bean sídhe [bʲæn ˈʃiː] ("woman of the síde" or "woman of the fairy mounds") is a female spirit [in Irish mythology, usually seen as an omen of death and a messenger from the Otherworld]. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banshee WIKI]

==Page 580==
'''''net''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_356 356].

'''''schlag''''' 
German- smack

==Page 581==
'''Tête-à-Tête''' 
A face-to-face meeting, or private conversation between two people, usually in an intimate setting; a head-to-head. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-t%C3%AAte WIKI]

'''Avuncular Apparition''' 
Couldnt this, besides Warford, also refer to Wicks who is telling the story? Much like the apparitions during Mason's nightwalking of the Lost Eleven Days, Wicks is somehow present, through his retelling of the tale...

'''desuperpollicates''' 
Gives the thumbs up?

More likely thumbs down: 'de-' prefix is to reduce, as in lowering the thumb from an upward or upper position -what a turgid word.

==Page 582==
'''Conoloways White''' 
Most likely moonshine that Conrad Wheat has made with water from Conoloways Creek.

'''Calathumpians''' 
Calathumpian is used in a non-judgmental way to describe a religion or philosophy when it is relatively original, held by a small group, personally assembled, or not institutionalized. In addition it is sometimes used as a non-specific example of a religious or political persuasion. For instance "just because a Caluthumpian believes 'x', does not make it right". Calasthumpian (possibly apocryphal origin from Latin “calathus” = rubbish bin) is a description applied, sometimes pejoratively, to individuals who believe things that mainstream believers (at that time and place) tend to regard as rubbish. Sometimes spelled "callothumpian", "carathumpian" and "calisthumpian", amongst diverse variations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calathumpian WIKI]

More likely to mean ''Callithumpian'', as the passage describes a band of drums, pentatonically-tuned cowbells, &c. Callithumpian refers to a member of a discordant though not necessarily talentless band of musicians, or, adjectivally, designating, resembling, or pertaining to such a band. Either a rare mistake by Pynchon the logophile, or an allusion that yet alludes me.

'''Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

==Page 583==
'''"The Black Joke"''' 
The Black Joke, sometimes spelled Black Joak, was a bawdy song heard in London around 1730. William Hogarth referenced the song in the Tavern Scene of A Rake's Progress. The lyrics and tune apparently gave rise to variations from 1730 onwards, such as the ''White Joak'' and so forth. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Joke WIKI] See [http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiBLCKJKE;ttBLCKJKE.html LYRICS HERE]

'''The Day and its Demands''' 
Again, touching on a main theme in ''ATD''--Finding (or creating) happiness and joy against the unavoidable strife and responsibilities of daily living.

==Page 584==
'''Defiles''' 
Defile is a geographic term for a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills. It has its origins as a military description of a pass through which troops can march only in a narrow column or with a narrow front. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defile_(geography) WIKI]

'''Grandfather Cresap''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 59: 575-584

2011-07-11T04:52:07Z

Lorenz: /* Page 581 */

__TOC__

==Page 575==
'''Shelby Seat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 548].

'''Governor Sharpe''' 
Horatio Sharpe (1718-1790) was Provincial Governor of Maryland from 1753 to 1768 under the Restored Proprietary Government. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horatio_Sharpe WIKI]

'''Mr. Joseph Warford''' 
In December 1776, Joseph Warford was deeded 100 acres of land on which he laid out a village that was to become known as Warfordsburg. A large stone structure that served as the Warford home and tavern was built, though the building was destroyed by fire in 1947. Warfordsburg lies just north of the Mason-Dixon line in Union and Brush Creek Township in southern Fulton County, Pennsylvania, off Interstate 70 and readily accessible to U.S. Route 40, the historic National Road. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warfordsburg,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Tom Hynes... Catherine Wheat... Baby''' 
See this [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Council_of_Maryland LINK]

'''Frederick's Town''' 
Frederick is a city in west-central Maryland, United States. It is the county seat of Frederick County, the largest county by area in the state of Maryland... “Frederick Town” was laid out by Daniel Dulany (a land speculator) in 1745, and settled by a German immigrant party led by a young German Reformed schoolmaster from the Rhineland Palatinate named Johann Thomas Schley (d. 1790), who came to the Maryland colony with his wife, Maria Winz. They built the first house of the new town which into the 20th century stood at the northwest corner of Middle Alley and East Patrick Street. The settlement was founded upon a tract of land granted by Daniel Dulany on the banks of Carroll Creek. Within three years the settlement had become the county seat of Frederick County. It is uncertain which Frederick the town was named for, but the likeliest candidate is Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Town WIKI]

==Page 576==
'''the Kirk''' 
The Kirk is an informal name for the Church of Scotland, the country's national church. The Kirk of Scotland was in official use as the name of the Church of Scotland until the 17th century, and still today the term is frequently used in the press and everyday speech, though seldom in the Church's own literature. However, Kirk Session is still the standard term in church law for the court of elders in the local parish, both in the Church of Scotland and in any of the other Scottish Presbyterian denominations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk WIKI]

==Page 577==
'''Barney Johnson''' 
Related to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Johnson_%28Maryland%29 this guy], perhaps.

==Page 578==
'''Arnica Tea''' 
Arnica montana has been used medicinally for centuries. The roots contain derivatives of thymol, which are used as fungicides and preservatives and may have some anti-inflammatory effect. Arnica is currently used in liniment and ointment preparations used for strains, sprains, and bruises. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnica WIKI]

'''the Baby is suddenly become a Ball in a Game''' 
Here we have record of the first game of American Football (though a bit more like Rugby), PA vs. MD. Also, if you havent yet, see [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Proceedings_of_the_Council_of_Maryland THIS].

'''Shelbyites''' 
If you just be happening to join us, followers of our boy Shelby, Pennsylvania style, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_548 548].

'''Banshee''' 
The Banshee, from the Irish bean sídhe [bʲæn ˈʃiː] ("woman of the síde" or "woman of the fairy mounds") is a female spirit [in Irish mythology, usually seen as an omen of death and a messenger from the Otherworld]. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banshee WIKI]

==Page 580==
'''''net''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_356 356].

'''''schlag''''' 
German- smack

==Page 581==
'''Tête-à-Tête''' 
A face-to-face meeting, or private conversation between two people, usually in an intimate setting; a head-to-head. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/t%C3%AAte-%C3%A0-t%C3%AAte WIKI]

'''Avuncular Apparition''' 
Couldnt this, besides Warford, also refer to Wicks who is telling the story? Much like the apparitions during Mason's nightwalking of the Lost Eleven Days, Wicks is somehow present, through his retelling of the tale...

'''desuperpollicates''' 
Gives the thumbs up?

More likely thumbs down: 'de-' prefix is to reduce, as in lowering the thumb from an upward or upper position -what a turgid word.

==Page 582==
'''Conoloways White''' 
Most likely moonshine that Conrad Wheat has made with water from Conoloways Creek.

'''Calathumpians''' 
Calathumpian is used in a non-judgmental way to describe a religion or philosophy when it is relatively original, held by a small group, personally assembled, or not institutionalized. In addition it is sometimes used as a non-specific example of a religious or political persuasion. For instance "just because a Caluthumpian believes 'x', does not make it right". Calasthumpian (possibly apocryphal origin from Latin “calathus” = rubbish bin) is a description applied, sometimes pejoratively, to individuals who believe things that mainstream believers (at that time and place) tend to regard as rubbish. Sometimes spelled "callothumpian", "carathumpian" and "calisthumpian", amongst diverse variations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calathumpian WIKI]

'''Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

==Page 583==
'''"The Black Joke"''' 
The Black Joke, sometimes spelled Black Joak, was a bawdy song heard in London around 1730. William Hogarth referenced the song in the Tavern Scene of A Rake's Progress. The lyrics and tune apparently gave rise to variations from 1730 onwards, such as the ''White Joak'' and so forth. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Joke WIKI] See [http://sniff.numachi.com/pages/tiBLCKJKE;ttBLCKJKE.html LYRICS HERE]

'''The Day and its Demands''' 
Again, touching on a main theme in ''ATD''--Finding (or creating) happiness and joy against the unavoidable strife and responsibilities of daily living.

==Page 584==
'''Defiles''' 
Defile is a geographic term for a narrow pass or gorge between mountains or hills. It has its origins as a military description of a pass through which troops can march only in a narrow column or with a narrow front. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Defile_(geography) WIKI]

'''Grandfather Cresap''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 53: 511-524

2011-07-10T10:25:35Z

Lorenz: /* Page 518 */

==Page 511==
'''Kitchen Garden''' 
The traditional kitchen garden, also known as a potager, is a space separate from the rest of the residential garden - the ornamental plants and lawn areas. Most vegetable gardens are still miniature versions of old family farm plots, but the kitchen garden is different not only in its history, but also its design. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_garden WIKI]

'''a Life that was like a Flirtation with the Day in all its humorless Dignity''' 
Another reference to "the Day" as developed further in ATD; here straightforward unironic dignified life, one would gloss.

'''Vendue''' 
A public sale. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vendue WIKI]

==Page 512==
'''the dark and wild men''' 
In a gloss on the play within The Crying of Lot 49, three men in black on
horseback come to assassinate. 
There are some recurring stealthy black horses in visions/events within ATD.

'''Battoes''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_285 285].

==Page 513==
'''Blue Mountain''' 
Blue Mountain is a ridge that forms the eastern edge of the Appalachian mountain range in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It cuts across the eastern half of the state from New Jersey to Maryland, providing a distinct boundary between a number of Pennsylvania's geographical and cultural regions. To its northwest side are the southern and central mountains and valleys, the "coal region," and the Poconos. To its southeast side are the Cumberland Valley, the "capital region," Pennsylvania Dutch Country, and the Lehigh Valley. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountain_%28Pennsylvania%29 WIKI]

'''Juniata''' 
The Juniata River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 90 miles (145 km) long, in central Pennsylvania in the United States. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply-lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of Native American attacks against white settlements during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_River WIKI]

'''Six Nations Country''' 
The Iroquois, also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an indigenous people of North America. In the 16th century or earlier, the Iroquois came together in an association known as the Iroquois League, or the "League of Peace and Power". The original Iroquois League was often known as the Five Nations, and comprised the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. After the Tuscarora nation joined the League in the 18th century, the Iroquois have often been known as the Six Nations. The League is embodied in the Grand Council, an assembly of 50 hereditary sachems. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois WIKI]

'''Gyrfalcons''' 
The gyrfalcon or Falco rusticolus, also spelled gerfalcon, is the largest of all falcon species. The Gyrfalcon breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia. It is mainly resident, but some Gyrfalcons disperse more widely after the breeding season, or in winter. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrfalcons WIKI]

'''Voles''' 
A vole is a small rodent resembling a mouse but with a stouter body, a shorter hairy tail, a slightly rounder head, and smaller ears and eyes. There are approximately 155 species of voles. They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice in North America. Vole species form the subfamily Arvicolinae with the lemmings and the muskrats. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voles WIKI]

'''Bark canoe''' 
Aboriginal canoes were constructed much more easily than previous types of vessels, such as bark canoes. This ease of construction played a significant role in the dugout canoes’ widespread use. While earlier vessels required a great deal of labor and time-consuming sewing to make, dugout canoes were constructed easily and in a shorter period of time. First, one would have to cut down a tree and shape the exterior into an even form. The sides of the canoe were shaped in one of two ways. They were either carved straight up and down or in a "u" shape, curving in towards the center of the boat. Next, one would literally dig out the inner wood of the log to make space for the oarsmen to sit and paddle. In some early dugout canoes, aboriginals would not make the bottoms of the canoes smooth, but would instead carve "ribbing" into the vessel. Ribbing (literally sections of wood that looked like ribs) was used to stabilize bark canoes, and though not necessary to dugout canoes, was a carryover in the transition from one canoe type to the other. Both the chopping down of the tree and the digging out of the log were easily done with an iron-axe. They also made there canoes out of tree bark, sticky tree sap to hold it together, and fallen tree limbs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_Dugout_Canoes WIKI]

==Page 514==
'''Quebec''' 
Quebec is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking identity and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec WIKI]

'''Jesuit College''' 
See this [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001759 LINK] to Canadian Encyclopedia entry for Le College des Jesuites in Quebec.

==Page 515==
'''Rococo''' 
Rococo (less commonly roccoco) is a style of 18th century French art and interior design. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings. It was largely supplanted by the Neoclassic style. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococo WIKI]

'''Chops''' 
A chop is a signature or identifying mark made by a furniture or cabinet maker to identify his work. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chop_%28furniture%29 WIKI]

'''Kite-wires and Balloon-cables rise into clouds... the Jesuit Telegraphy''' 
Here, finally, the specifics of the mysterious Jesuit Telegraph of the novel are revealed, in wonderful detail. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_287 287] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_48:_466-475#Page_472 472].

==Page 516==
'''''Portes-Cocheres''''' 
Freight depot

'''''Soutane''... Cassock''' 
The cassock, an item of clerical clothing, is a long, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clerics of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Church, and some clerics of the Reformed, and Lutheran churches. The cassock derives historically from the tunic that was formerly worn underneath the toga in classical antiquity. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassock WIKI]

'''Tourmaline''' 
Tourmaline is a crystal silicate mineral compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. Tourmaline is classed as a semi-precious stone and the gem comes in a wide variety of colors. The name comes from the Sinhalese word "turamali" or "toramalli", which applied to different gemstones found in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline WIKI]

==Page 517==
'''the smell of Ozone''' 
Ozone, the first allotrope of a chemical element to be recognized by science, was proposed as a distinct chemical compound by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1840, who named it after the Greek verb ozein (ὄζειν, "to smell"), from the peculiar odor in lightning storms. The formula for ozone, O3, was not determined until 1865 by Jacques-Louis Soret[3] and confirmed by Schönbein in 1867. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone WIKI]

'''Catalepsies''' 
Catalepsy is a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalepsy WIKI]

==Page 518==
'''La Viudas de Cristo''' 
The Widows of Christ, which M&D were hipped to at Lepton Castle, ie. the female that could have been Austra had been of the Order. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_419 419].

'''''White Roses''''' 
History and meaning of white roses [http://www.proflowers.com/flowerguide/rosemeanings/whiterose-meanings.aspx?ref=organicgglgeneric HERE] - of course here Eliza is the flower spoken of.

'''Doxy''' 
A beggar

More accurately, a beggar's female companion; later, a prostitute or mistress. Recall, Mason referred to Molly and Dolly as such; he is unlikely to have implied them to be a beggar's companions, as this would be a slight to Franklin, an unlikely intention. Hence, it is more likely to mean prostitute, esp. considering the character in question is frequently mistaken for a "blowsy and cheeky [doxy]".

==Page 519==
'''''moment musicale''''' 
Musical time

'''Sister Grincheuse''' 
Sister Grumpy

'''Sister Crosier''' 
A crosier (crozier, pastoral staff, paterissa, pósokh) is the stylized staff of office (pastoral staff) carried by high-ranking Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran and Pentecostal prelates. The other typical insignia of most of these prelates, but not all, are the mitre and the episcopal ring. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosier WIKI]

==Page 522==
'''Wolf of Jesus''' 
The Spanish Visitor from a few pages previous

'''Crofter''' 
A croft is a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable with a crofter's dwelling thereon. A crofter is one who has tenure and use of the land. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofter WIKI]

'''Ortholatry of the Roman Empire''' 
A nice twist here, playing on Orthodoxy; Here, the "rightness" is in angles, not doctrine.

'''''la Obra''''' 
The Work

==Page 523==
'''''Feng Shui''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''"''Pues Entonces''..."''' 
For Then...

'''''Siempre Alguien derrama la Judias''''' 
Someone Always spills the Beans

'''Kabbalism''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_356 356].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 53: 511-524

2011-07-10T10:24:59Z

Lorenz: /* Page 518 */

==Page 511==
'''Kitchen Garden''' 
The traditional kitchen garden, also known as a potager, is a space separate from the rest of the residential garden - the ornamental plants and lawn areas. Most vegetable gardens are still miniature versions of old family farm plots, but the kitchen garden is different not only in its history, but also its design. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitchen_garden WIKI]

'''a Life that was like a Flirtation with the Day in all its humorless Dignity''' 
Another reference to "the Day" as developed further in ATD; here straightforward unironic dignified life, one would gloss.

'''Vendue''' 
A public sale. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/vendue WIKI]

==Page 512==
'''the dark and wild men''' 
In a gloss on the play within The Crying of Lot 49, three men in black on
horseback come to assassinate. 
There are some recurring stealthy black horses in visions/events within ATD.

'''Battoes''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_285 285].

==Page 513==
'''Blue Mountain''' 
Blue Mountain is a ridge that forms the eastern edge of the Appalachian mountain range in the U.S. state of Pennsylvania. It cuts across the eastern half of the state from New Jersey to Maryland, providing a distinct boundary between a number of Pennsylvania's geographical and cultural regions. To its northwest side are the southern and central mountains and valleys, the "coal region," and the Poconos. To its southeast side are the Cumberland Valley, the "capital region," Pennsylvania Dutch Country, and the Lehigh Valley. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue_Mountain_%28Pennsylvania%29 WIKI]

'''Juniata''' 
The Juniata River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 90 miles (145 km) long, in central Pennsylvania in the United States. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply-lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of Native American attacks against white settlements during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_River WIKI]

'''Six Nations Country''' 
The Iroquois, also known as the Haudenosaunee or the "People of the Longhouse", are an indigenous people of North America. In the 16th century or earlier, the Iroquois came together in an association known as the Iroquois League, or the "League of Peace and Power". The original Iroquois League was often known as the Five Nations, and comprised the Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, and Seneca nations. After the Tuscarora nation joined the League in the 18th century, the Iroquois have often been known as the Six Nations. The League is embodied in the Grand Council, an assembly of 50 hereditary sachems. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iroquois WIKI]

'''Gyrfalcons''' 
The gyrfalcon or Falco rusticolus, also spelled gerfalcon, is the largest of all falcon species. The Gyrfalcon breeds on Arctic coasts and islands of North America, Europe and Asia. It is mainly resident, but some Gyrfalcons disperse more widely after the breeding season, or in winter. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gyrfalcons WIKI]

'''Voles''' 
A vole is a small rodent resembling a mouse but with a stouter body, a shorter hairy tail, a slightly rounder head, and smaller ears and eyes. There are approximately 155 species of voles. They are sometimes known as meadow mice or field mice in North America. Vole species form the subfamily Arvicolinae with the lemmings and the muskrats. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voles WIKI]

'''Bark canoe''' 
Aboriginal canoes were constructed much more easily than previous types of vessels, such as bark canoes. This ease of construction played a significant role in the dugout canoes’ widespread use. While earlier vessels required a great deal of labor and time-consuming sewing to make, dugout canoes were constructed easily and in a shorter period of time. First, one would have to cut down a tree and shape the exterior into an even form. The sides of the canoe were shaped in one of two ways. They were either carved straight up and down or in a "u" shape, curving in towards the center of the boat. Next, one would literally dig out the inner wood of the log to make space for the oarsmen to sit and paddle. In some early dugout canoes, aboriginals would not make the bottoms of the canoes smooth, but would instead carve "ribbing" into the vessel. Ribbing (literally sections of wood that looked like ribs) was used to stabilize bark canoes, and though not necessary to dugout canoes, was a carryover in the transition from one canoe type to the other. Both the chopping down of the tree and the digging out of the log were easily done with an iron-axe. They also made there canoes out of tree bark, sticky tree sap to hold it together, and fallen tree limbs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aboriginal_Dugout_Canoes WIKI]

==Page 514==
'''Quebec''' 
Quebec is a province in east-central Canada. It is the only Canadian province with a predominantly French-speaking identity and the only one whose sole official language is French at the provincial level. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quebec WIKI]

'''Jesuit College''' 
See this [http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com/index.cfm?PgNm=TCE&Params=A1ARTA0001759 LINK] to Canadian Encyclopedia entry for Le College des Jesuites in Quebec.

==Page 515==
'''Rococo''' 
Rococo (less commonly roccoco) is a style of 18th century French art and interior design. Rococo rooms were designed as total works of art with elegant and ornate furniture, small sculptures, ornamental mirrors, and tapestry complementing architecture, reliefs, and wall paintings. It was largely supplanted by the Neoclassic style. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rococo WIKI]

'''Chops''' 
A chop is a signature or identifying mark made by a furniture or cabinet maker to identify his work. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chop_%28furniture%29 WIKI]

'''Kite-wires and Balloon-cables rise into clouds... the Jesuit Telegraphy''' 
Here, finally, the specifics of the mysterious Jesuit Telegraph of the novel are revealed, in wonderful detail. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_287 287] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_48:_466-475#Page_472 472].

==Page 516==
'''''Portes-Cocheres''''' 
Freight depot

'''''Soutane''... Cassock''' 
The cassock, an item of clerical clothing, is a long, close-fitting, ankle-length robe worn by clerics of the Roman Catholic Church, Eastern Orthodox Church, Anglican Church, and some clerics of the Reformed, and Lutheran churches. The cassock derives historically from the tunic that was formerly worn underneath the toga in classical antiquity. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cassock WIKI]

'''Tourmaline''' 
Tourmaline is a crystal silicate mineral compounded with elements such as aluminium, iron, magnesium, sodium, lithium, or potassium. Tourmaline is classed as a semi-precious stone and the gem comes in a wide variety of colors. The name comes from the Sinhalese word "turamali" or "toramalli", which applied to different gemstones found in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tourmaline WIKI]

==Page 517==
'''the smell of Ozone''' 
Ozone, the first allotrope of a chemical element to be recognized by science, was proposed as a distinct chemical compound by Christian Friedrich Schönbein in 1840, who named it after the Greek verb ozein (ὄζειν, "to smell"), from the peculiar odor in lightning storms. The formula for ozone, O3, was not determined until 1865 by Jacques-Louis Soret[3] and confirmed by Schönbein in 1867. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ozone WIKI]

'''Catalepsies''' 
Catalepsy is a nervous condition characterized by muscular rigidity and fixity of posture regardless of external stimuli, as well as decreased sensitivity to pain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catalepsy WIKI]

==Page 518==
'''La Viudas de Cristo''' 
The Widows of Christ, which M&D were hipped to at Lepton Castle, ie. the female that could have been Austra had been of the Order. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_419 419].

'''''White Roses''''' 
History and meaning of white roses [http://www.proflowers.com/flowerguide/rosemeanings/whiterose-meanings.aspx?ref=organicgglgeneric HERE] - of course here Eliza is the flower spoken of.

'''Doxy''' 
A beggar

More accurately, a beggar's female companion; later, a prostitute or mistress. Recall, Mason referred to Molly and Dolly as such; he is unlikely to have implied them to be beggar's companions, as this would be a slight to Franklin, an unlikely intention. Hence, it is more likely to mean prostitute, esp. considering the character in question is frequently mistaken for a "blowsy and cheeky [doxy]".

==Page 519==
'''''moment musicale''''' 
Musical time

'''Sister Grincheuse''' 
Sister Grumpy

'''Sister Crosier''' 
A crosier (crozier, pastoral staff, paterissa, pósokh) is the stylized staff of office (pastoral staff) carried by high-ranking Catholic, Eastern Orthodox, Anglican, and some Lutheran and Pentecostal prelates. The other typical insignia of most of these prelates, but not all, are the mitre and the episcopal ring. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crosier WIKI]

==Page 522==
'''Wolf of Jesus''' 
The Spanish Visitor from a few pages previous

'''Crofter''' 
A croft is a fenced or enclosed area of land, usually small and arable with a crofter's dwelling thereon. A crofter is one who has tenure and use of the land. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crofter WIKI]

'''Ortholatry of the Roman Empire''' 
A nice twist here, playing on Orthodoxy; Here, the "rightness" is in angles, not doctrine.

'''''la Obra''''' 
The Work

==Page 523==
'''''Feng Shui''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''"''Pues Entonces''..."''' 
For Then...

'''''Siempre Alguien derrama la Judias''''' 
Someone Always spills the Beans

'''Kabbalism''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_356 356].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 51: 491-498

2011-07-09T21:46:38Z

Lorenz: /* Page 498 */

==Page 491==
'''South Mountain''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_486 486].

'''Cant''' 
Cant is an example of an argot or cryptolect, a characteristic or secret language used only by members of a group, often used to conceal the meaning from those outside the group... The origin of the word cant itself has not been agreed upon. The word may be derived from the Irish word caint ("speech, talk"), or it may be from the English word "chant or Latin cantare. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cant_(language) WIKI]

'''Shappo''' 
A hat: corruption of CHAPEAU. Cant. Definition taken from [http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Grose-VulgarTongue/ ''The 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''], originally by Francis Grose.

'''Punch's Voice''' 
Punch is the name of the prince of puppets, the chief wit and support of a puppet-show. Definition taken from [http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Grose-VulgarTongue/ ''The 1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''], originally by Francis Grose.

==Page 492==
'''Metonymy''' 
Metonymy is a figure of speech used in rhetoric in which a thing or concept is not called by its own name, but by the name of something intimately associated with that thing or concept. It comes from the Greek: μετωνυμία, metōnymía, "a change of name", from μετά, metá, "after, beyond" and -ωνυμία, -ōnymía, a suffix used to name figures of speech, from ὄνῠμα, ónyma or ὄνομα, ónoma, "name"[1] Metonymy may also be instructively contrasted with metaphor. Both figures involve the substitution of one term for another. In metaphor, this substitution is based on similarity, whereas, in metonymy, the substitution is based on contiguity. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metonymy WIKI]

'''Sect having begun with a Hat''' 
Quakers do not believe in removing their hat for anyone (this includes not tipping it, etc) except for God alone (during prayer, etc). This was found peculiar by others, as the usual custom was to remove your hat when around social superiors or leaders, indoors, etc.

'''hynagogic passage... ''Zenithward''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_338 338].

Astral projection (or astral travel) is an esoteric interpretation of any form of out-of-body experience (OOBE) that assumes the existence of an "astral body" separate from the physical body and capable of travelling outside it. Astral projection or travel denotes the astral body leaving the physical body to travel in the astral plane. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astral_projection WIKI]

'''Capella''' 
Capella (α Aurigae / α Aur / Alpha Aurigae / Alpha Aur) is the brightest star in the constellation Auriga, the sixth brightest star in the night sky and the third brightest star in the northern celestial hemisphere, after Arcturus and Vega. Although it appears to be a single star to the naked eye, it is actually a star system of four stars in two binary pairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capella_(star) WIKI]

==Page 493==
'''sleeping with thine Eyes open wide''' 
Brock Vond in ''Vineland'' also sleeps with his eyes open. See ''Vineland'', page [http://vineland.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11#Page_217 217].

'''his Soul's off God knows where''' 
Mind-body dualism [http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-9052812/mind-body-dualism]
and out-of-body travel. The mind-body dichotomy is the starting point of Dualism, and became conceptualized in the form as it is currently known in the Western world in René Descartes philosophy, but also appeared in pre-Aristotelian concepts. from Wikipedia. 
Descartes is a philosopher whom Thomas Pynchon has expressed negativity about in other works. See ''Against the Day''.

'''what, in thy Absence, is doing the Staring for thee? 
The philosophical "problem" of self-consciousness? With the mind off elsewhere, what is looking out of the mind's eyes?

'''what Verger of the Temple of the Self...? 
verg·er (vûrjr)
NOUN:
Chiefly British 
One who carries the verge or other emblem of authority before a scholastic, legal, or religious dignitary in a procession. 
One who takes care of the interior of a church and acts as an attendant during ceremonies. American Heritage Dictionary

==Page 494==
'''"Really? 'The Black Dog'?... Things That Are Never Said."''' [[File:BlackDog.jpg|200px|thumb|right|The ghostly Black Dog of British folklore]]A black dog is the name given to a being found primarily in the folklores of the British Isles. The black dog is essentially a nocturnal Apparition, often said to be associated with the Devil, and its appearance was regarded as a portent of death. It is generally supposed to be larger than a normal dog, and often has large, glowing eyes. It is often associated with electrical storms (such as Black Shuck's appearance at Bungay, Suffolk), and also with crossroads, places of execution and ancient pathways. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_dog_(ghost) WIKI]

The Black Dog was Winston Churchill's name for the massive depression that sometimes took him over.

==Page 495==
'''"of a certain farm animal?"''' 
A pig of course, perhaps Pynchon's favorite animal [see ''V.''and other works], which, along with the Black Dog, is one of the Things That Are Never Said... And counterpointed to the Names of the Holy Trinity, "names most likely to matter."

==Page 496==
'''Sensorium''' 
The term originally enters English from the Late Latin in the mid-17th century, from the stem sens- (see: sense). The term sensorium (plural: sensoria) refers to the sum of an organism's perception, the "seat of sensation" where it experiences and interprets the environments within which it lives... In earlier use it referred, in a broader sense, to the brain as the mind's organ (Oxford English Dictionary 1989). In medical, psychological, and physiological discourse it has come to refer to the total character of the unique and changing sensory environments perceived by individuals. These include the sensation, perception, and interpretation of information about the world by senses, perceptual systems and minds (MedTerms 2001). From Wikipedia

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_8:_77-86#Page_77 77] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_345 345].

'''Philadelphia, where he has just been elected Dog-Catcher''' 
Philadelphia is like Washington, D.C. at this time, where "rival packs of
wild dogs" existed in ''Against the Day'' at a later time. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?search=wild+dogs&fulltext=Search Against the Day] Dogs rule? 
Another dog allusion which feeds the idea that "man's best friend" is almost like the humans in Pynchon's work. 
"I'm a Dog Person"--Dixon, page 495

'''whim-wham''' 
WHIM-WHAM- A word from around the 16th century from which the word Whimsical was derived. A whimsical decorative object or device. A fantastic creation of the brain or hand. [http://thecosmicwhimwhamstudio.com/ whim-wham]

'''Antietam''' 
Antietam Creek is a tributary of the Potomac River located in south central Pennsylvania and western Maryland in the United States, a region known as Hagerstown Valley. The creek became famous as a focal point of the Battle of Antietam during the American Civil War. The term Antietam is thought to be a derivative of a Native American phrase meaning "swift flowing stream." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antietam_Creek WIKI]

'''Cavern beneath the Earth'''... '''"Ceilings! high as Heaven...."''' 
A hallowed place? Notice how large the space becomes immediately after the entrance arch that is only 6 yards by four feet. Reminds one of the rooms that are larger inside than out. Perhaps "inner space" and hallowed underground spaces [lower than lowlands; depths that had "no names" in ''Gravity's Rainbow''] contain-or could contain-much more than we think? See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_354 354] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_412 412].

==Page 497==
'''Pencil of Time''' 
Compare ''knives of the seasons'' from GR.

'''tears of the Rocks''' 
And what follows. All [the awareness of mortality] is even older than the Indians. 
Cf. Rachel Owlglass in ''V.'', p. 20: "the dead rocks that were here before us and will be here after us."

'''Ogham''' 
Ogham is an Early Medieval alphabet used primarily to represent the Old Irish language, and occasionally the Brythonic ancestor of Welsh. Ogham is sometimes referred to as the "Celtic Tree Alphabet", based on a High Medieval Bríatharogam tradition ascribing names of trees to the individual letters... There are roughly 400 surviving ogham inscriptions on stone monuments throughout Ireland and Britain, the bulk of them stretching in arc from County Kerry in the south of Ireland across to Dyfed in south Wales. The remainder are mostly in south-eastern Ireland, western Scotland, the Isle of Man, and England around the Devon/Cornwall border. The vast majority of the inscriptions consist of personal names. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ogham WIKI]

'''Welsh Indians''' 
Madoc (Standard Welsh: Madog) ab Owain Gwynedd was, according to folklore, a Welsh prince who discovered America in 1170, over three hundred years before Christopher Columbus's voyage in 1492. Madoc's existence has been the subject of much speculation, though no historical or archaeological evidence of such a man or his voyages has been found in the New or Old World. Most modern historians believe the story of Madoc's American voyage originated with Queen Elizabeth I of England's advisors around 1580, as a ploy to assert prior discovery, and hence legal possession, of North America by England... A later development in the legend claimed the settlers were absorbed by groups of Native Americans and their descendants remained somewhere on the American frontier for hundreds of years. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Welsh_Indians WIKI]

'''Monology''' 
monology. n. soliloquy; monopoly of the conversation. monologian, monologist, n. monologic(al), a. monologize, v.i.. © From the Hutchinson Encyclopaedia. ...
[http://www.tiscali.co.uk/reference/dictionaries/difficultwords/data/d0008444.html]

==Page 498==
'''Eldritch Powers''' 
eldritch: unearthly, alien, supernatural, weird, spooky, eerie. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/eldritch WIKI]

Also hideous (SOED)

'''Painswick''' 
Painswick is a small town in Gloucestershire, England. Originally, the town grew on the wool trade, but it is now best known for its church's yew trees and the local Rococo Garden. The town is mainly constructed of locally quarried Cotswold stone. Many of the buildings feature south-facing attic rooms once used as weaver's workshops. Geographically Painswick is situated on a hill in the Stroud district, overlooking the Stroud valleys. Its narrow streets and traditional architecture make it the epitome of an English village. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Painswick WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 44: 440-447

2011-07-06T02:22:17Z

Lorenz: /* Page 445 */

==Page 440==
'''''[[L#ley-lines|Ley-lines]]''''' 
The term "ley lines" was coined by Alfred Watkins when explaining his theory that ancient sites around Britain had actually been constructed or formed giving alignments between and across the inhabited landscape of Britain. The sites mentioned include Stone Circles, Standing Stones, Long Barrows, Cairns, Burial Mounds and Churches -- [http://www.mystical-www.co.uk/leylines.htm MORE]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_lines Wikipedia entry]; Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_218 218].

'''Avebury Pilgrims''' 
Avebury is the site of a large henge and several stone circles surrounding the village of Avebury in the English county of Wiltshire. It is one of the finest and largest Neolithic monuments in Europe, about 5,000 years old. Although older than the megalithic stages of Stonehenge 32 kilometres (20 mi) to the south, the two monuments are broadly contemporary overall. Avebury is roughly midway between the towns of Marlborough and Calne, just off the main A4 road on the northbound A4361 towards Wroughton... Avebury is seen as a spiritual centre by many who profess beliefs such as Paganism, Wicca, and Druidry; for some it is regarded more highly than Stonehenge. The pagan festivals all attract visitors, and the summer solstice especially draws increasingly large crowds. Avebury is said to stand on the St Michael ley line, an alignment that is said to run across England from Cornwall to East Anglia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avebury WIKI]

'''Oölite''' 
"(geology) a deposit of spherical grains within a mineral cortex accreted around a nucleus, often of quartz grains" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oolite Wiktionary]

"I'm confused here as to how limestone can be used to make prisms, since
all the limestone I have ever climbed up has been opaque. Is there transparent oölite? Or are the egg-stones a plant." -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

Perhaps the uses of Oölite are more focused on the meaning of "Egg Stone" - it being the first marker, and the beginning of the Line, versus its having to do with limestone? It just seems that it is mainly described as being Rose Quartz...

'''Master-valve of rose Quartz''' 
"Master-valve" -- interesting choice of words! Generally speaking, a "valve" is a device (esp. a flap or hinge) that opens one line while closing another, generally to control flow.

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_334 334] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''Any Argument from Design, here, must include a yearning for Flight''' 
"Argument from design for the existence of God, that is, proved by the simplicity and orderliness of his thereby presumed Creation. A GR theme and a poke at rationalism, which, the more it succeeds in reducing complexity to order, the more it emphasisies (sic) the presence of design, or is that Design, a terribly loaded word for we paranoid." -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

'''March''' 
1765

'''Azimuth''' 
#An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; as, the azimuth of a star; the azimuth or bearing of a line surveying.
#The quadrant of an azimuth circle.
-- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/azimuth Wiktionary]

==Page 441==
'''strike''' 
Consider some multiple meanings of "strike" (v.) (all quotes from the OED):
*"To bring (an arc) into being"
*"To make one's way, go"
*"Of a serpent or other venomous animal: To wound (a person) with its fangs or sting"
*"To mark with lines, draw a line"
*"To mark, stigmatize"
*"To deal a blow, to smite"
*"To imprint on the mind"
*"to produce a flame with flint and steel or by the friction of a match"
*"To produce (music, a sound, note) by touching a string or playing upon an instrument"; "Of a clock: To make one or more strokes on its sounding part"
*"To kill or wound (deer) with an arrow or spear"; "To hit with a missile, a shot, etc"
*"To lance or cut (a vein)"
*"Of lightning, thunder, a thunderbolt: To descend violently upon and blast"; "To send out or forth (a beam of light)"
*"said of a moving shadow"
*"Of a thought, an idea: To come into the mind of, occur to (a person)"
*"To agree (to articles or terms)"
*"of an electric charge, to pass as a spark"

'''Ev'rything upon the Ground, by April, as they're about to begin the West Line, must be sighted thro' a haze of green Resurrection.''' 
"Wow! remember that radar screen in GR with its `green return' (also the
superhighways of July song with spring's green return). 'green resurrection links the cycle of the seasons back to Christ's cycle of suffering, which suggests Wicks is well aware of Christianity's pagan roots, at the psychological and historical level at least, if not necessarily theological and spiritual. But there is also a hint in 'Resurrection' at America, the New World being an Eden of - or was that for? - the Redeemed. Unlike the corrupt, fallen Old Worlds further East. Depending on which way you read it the New World is either virgin land ripe for corruption or a second chance from a loving creator. Which recalls the opinion expressed by Pynchon's narrator at GR 720 of 'we, the crippled keepers, [...] God's spoilers. Us. Counter-revolutionaries. It is our mission to promote death.' a chillingly beautiful passage leading up to and beyond the judgement at GR 722.22 `America *was* the edge of the World. ... In Africa, Asia, Amerindia, Oceania, Europe came and established its order of Analysis and Death.' Does Pynchon still believe this in M&D or does he believe there is life in America's old corpse still?" -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

'''Over Susquehanna,-- once you've cross'd the York to Baltimore Road,-- you'll see.''' 
"The Visto will cross Susquehanna about 20 miles West of the Tangent Line, the York-Baltimore road at 40 miles West. York and Lancaster, counties and cities, are mirror images, either side of Susquehanna, though, disconcertingly, York is West of Lancaster. York is 15 miles N of the Visto, Baltimor 20 miles South on the knee bend half way down Chesapeake Bay. The crossing point on the York-Baltimore Road is at towns called New Freedom on the Pennsylvania side, Maryland Line on the Maryland side. Anyone who can furnish relevant slavery/Civil War explanations for the names? This must be a
notable border checkpoint since it would likely have been a main trade route for Pennsylvanians West of Susquehannah, the river running too fast for easy ferrying of goods across to Philadelphia." -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

'''"and he ain't just hummin' 'Love in a Cottage,' either"''' 
"First encountered in London as a show Mason wished he had not caught, no?
cf MDMD(10) [page] 292.18" -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L] - See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_29:_289-295#Page_292 292]

Not to mention the obvious joak: "you ain't just whistlin' Dixie!"

'''I lit East''' 
As with "strike" (see above) note that "lit" has connotations with light and fuses, an physical (as in physics) reaction that a human initiates.

'''cry in the right Uncle's ale-can''' 
???

'''fifty-weight of Harness''' 
???

'''the chunk of Rose Quartz''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_334 334] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''the West Line ... will finally refer ... preparing for the Translation south''' 
"refer" and "Translation" paint a different image than "strike" and "lit" above, although all four words describe interaction with the lines. Why the difference? Note that "strike" and "lit" describe human movement along the lines, while "refer" and "Translation" seem to describe the interaction of lines with lines and points and mathematics.

==Page 442==
'''Swifts come out''' 
The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows but are actually not closely related to thorre passerine species at all; swifts are in the separate order Apodiformes, which they share with the hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely releted to the true swifts, but form a separate family, the Hemiprocnidae. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift WIKI]

'''scry''' 
"To predict the future using crystal balls." -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scry Wiktionary]

'''heptagon''' 
(geometry) A polygon with seven sides and seven angles." -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heptagon Wiktionary]

I believe this is the first appearance of a seven-sided object, but note that several octagonal shapes have appeared, including a couple of deadly devices (the Octuple Gloucester--a big cheese--on page 137 and "The octagonal Barrel" of the rifle that M&D consider swapping for a Tub on p. 428) as well as the Octagon Room on page 437.

'''line of work''' 
Speaking of scrying...

'''Mr. Franklin's [[G#armonica|Armonica]]''' 
Musical instrument consisting of a set of graduated and tuned glass bowls sounded by the friction of wet fingers on the rims. It was invented by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]] in 1761. His "armonica" consisted of hemispherical glasses suspended on atreadle-operated spindle, overlapping so that only their rims were visible. A trough of water beneath the glasses moistened them as they rotated through it. It spanned four octaves. Mozart composed ''Adagio und Rondo'' K 617 and ''Adagio für Harmonika'' K 356 for the instrument. Beethoven also composed for it, as well as others; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_harmonica Wikipedia entry]. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_268 268].

'''light of the Sun, and whatever Medium bears it to us''' 
The luminiferous aether, the medium through which it was thought, at the end of the 19th century, light propogated. The idea of such a medium was eventually done away with as a result of Einstein's special theory of relativity.

==Page 443==
'''Crimp''' 
One who decoys or entraps men into the military or naval service. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crimp WIKI]

'''Body-jobber''' 
Pynchon having more playful fun with the job title of "jobber." Cf. Land Jobbers and Labor Crimps (naval Body-jobbers), both on p. 365, and Love-Jobbers, p. 427.

'''Parts of a single great Machine''' 
Tell it to John Henry! Humorous, but dehumanizing the human traffic brings slavery to mind.

'''"Developer," or Projector of Land-Schemes''' 
Wicks (Pynchon?) seems to hold Land Jobbers (p. 427) in nearly as high esteem as lawyers.

==Page 444==
'''sailing from Spithead''' 
Fairly smooth sailing: Spithead is an area of the Solent and a roadstead off Gilkicker Point in Hampshire, England. It is protected from all winds, except those from the southeast. It receives its name from the Spit, a sandbank stretching south from the Hampshire shore for 5 km (3 miles); and it is 22.5 km (14 miles) long by about 6.5 km (4 miles) in average breadth. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spithead WIKI]

'''in perfect Enfilade''' 
A formation or position is "in enfilade" if weapons fire can be directed along its longest axis. For instance, a trench is enfiladed if the opponent can fire down the length of the trench. A column of marching troops is enfiladed if fired on from the front or rear such that the projectiles travel the length of the column. A rank or line of advancing troops is enfiladed if fired on from the side (flank). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfilade WIKI]

==Page 445==
'''kine''' 
Cows, pronounced kʌɪn.

'''Little Christiana''' 
The Christina River is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 35 miles (56 km) long, in northern Delaware in the United States, also flowing through small areas of southeastern Pennsylvania and northeastern Maryland. Near its mouth the river flows past downtown Wilmington, Delaware, forming the city's harbor for traffic on the Delaware River. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_River WIKI]

'''Like your Mother's Pussy''' 
From here to the end of the page, they start telling "yo mama" jokes, which also appear in ''Inherent Vice'' [http://inherent-vice.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_10 (pg. 155)] and ''Against the Day'' [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_1-25#Page_12 (pg. 12)].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 44: 440-447

2011-07-06T02:20:32Z

Lorenz: /* Page 445 */

==Page 440==
'''''[[L#ley-lines|Ley-lines]]''''' 
The term "ley lines" was coined by Alfred Watkins when explaining his theory that ancient sites around Britain had actually been constructed or formed giving alignments between and across the inhabited landscape of Britain. The sites mentioned include Stone Circles, Standing Stones, Long Barrows, Cairns, Burial Mounds and Churches -- [http://www.mystical-www.co.uk/leylines.htm MORE]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_lines Wikipedia entry]; Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_218 218].

'''Avebury Pilgrims''' 
Avebury is the site of a large henge and several stone circles surrounding the village of Avebury in the English county of Wiltshire. It is one of the finest and largest Neolithic monuments in Europe, about 5,000 years old. Although older than the megalithic stages of Stonehenge 32 kilometres (20 mi) to the south, the two monuments are broadly contemporary overall. Avebury is roughly midway between the towns of Marlborough and Calne, just off the main A4 road on the northbound A4361 towards Wroughton... Avebury is seen as a spiritual centre by many who profess beliefs such as Paganism, Wicca, and Druidry; for some it is regarded more highly than Stonehenge. The pagan festivals all attract visitors, and the summer solstice especially draws increasingly large crowds. Avebury is said to stand on the St Michael ley line, an alignment that is said to run across England from Cornwall to East Anglia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avebury WIKI]

'''Oölite''' 
"(geology) a deposit of spherical grains within a mineral cortex accreted around a nucleus, often of quartz grains" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/oolite Wiktionary]

"I'm confused here as to how limestone can be used to make prisms, since
all the limestone I have ever climbed up has been opaque. Is there transparent oölite? Or are the egg-stones a plant." -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

Perhaps the uses of Oölite are more focused on the meaning of "Egg Stone" - it being the first marker, and the beginning of the Line, versus its having to do with limestone? It just seems that it is mainly described as being Rose Quartz...

'''Master-valve of rose Quartz''' 
"Master-valve" -- interesting choice of words! Generally speaking, a "valve" is a device (esp. a flap or hinge) that opens one line while closing another, generally to control flow.

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_334 334] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''Any Argument from Design, here, must include a yearning for Flight''' 
"Argument from design for the existence of God, that is, proved by the simplicity and orderliness of his thereby presumed Creation. A GR theme and a poke at rationalism, which, the more it succeeds in reducing complexity to order, the more it emphasisies (sic) the presence of design, or is that Design, a terribly loaded word for we paranoid." -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

'''March''' 
1765

'''Azimuth''' 
#An arc of the horizon intercepted between the meridian of the place and a vertical circle passing through the center of any object; as, the azimuth of a star; the azimuth or bearing of a line surveying.
#The quadrant of an azimuth circle.
-- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/azimuth Wiktionary]

==Page 441==
'''strike''' 
Consider some multiple meanings of "strike" (v.) (all quotes from the OED):
*"To bring (an arc) into being"
*"To make one's way, go"
*"Of a serpent or other venomous animal: To wound (a person) with its fangs or sting"
*"To mark with lines, draw a line"
*"To mark, stigmatize"
*"To deal a blow, to smite"
*"To imprint on the mind"
*"to produce a flame with flint and steel or by the friction of a match"
*"To produce (music, a sound, note) by touching a string or playing upon an instrument"; "Of a clock: To make one or more strokes on its sounding part"
*"To kill or wound (deer) with an arrow or spear"; "To hit with a missile, a shot, etc"
*"To lance or cut (a vein)"
*"Of lightning, thunder, a thunderbolt: To descend violently upon and blast"; "To send out or forth (a beam of light)"
*"said of a moving shadow"
*"Of a thought, an idea: To come into the mind of, occur to (a person)"
*"To agree (to articles or terms)"
*"of an electric charge, to pass as a spark"

'''Ev'rything upon the Ground, by April, as they're about to begin the West Line, must be sighted thro' a haze of green Resurrection.''' 
"Wow! remember that radar screen in GR with its `green return' (also the
superhighways of July song with spring's green return). 'green resurrection links the cycle of the seasons back to Christ's cycle of suffering, which suggests Wicks is well aware of Christianity's pagan roots, at the psychological and historical level at least, if not necessarily theological and spiritual. But there is also a hint in 'Resurrection' at America, the New World being an Eden of - or was that for? - the Redeemed. Unlike the corrupt, fallen Old Worlds further East. Depending on which way you read it the New World is either virgin land ripe for corruption or a second chance from a loving creator. Which recalls the opinion expressed by Pynchon's narrator at GR 720 of 'we, the crippled keepers, [...] God's spoilers. Us. Counter-revolutionaries. It is our mission to promote death.' a chillingly beautiful passage leading up to and beyond the judgement at GR 722.22 `America *was* the edge of the World. ... In Africa, Asia, Amerindia, Oceania, Europe came and established its order of Analysis and Death.' Does Pynchon still believe this in M&D or does he believe there is life in America's old corpse still?" -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

'''Over Susquehanna,-- once you've cross'd the York to Baltimore Road,-- you'll see.''' 
"The Visto will cross Susquehanna about 20 miles West of the Tangent Line, the York-Baltimore road at 40 miles West. York and Lancaster, counties and cities, are mirror images, either side of Susquehanna, though, disconcertingly, York is West of Lancaster. York is 15 miles N of the Visto, Baltimor 20 miles South on the knee bend half way down Chesapeake Bay. The crossing point on the York-Baltimore Road is at towns called New Freedom on the Pennsylvania side, Maryland Line on the Maryland side. Anyone who can furnish relevant slavery/Civil War explanations for the names? This must be a
notable border checkpoint since it would likely have been a main trade route for Pennsylvanians West of Susquehannah, the river running too fast for easy ferrying of goods across to Philadelphia." -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L]

'''"and he ain't just hummin' 'Love in a Cottage,' either"''' 
"First encountered in London as a show Mason wished he had not caught, no?
cf MDMD(10) [page] 292.18" -- [http://www.waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9801&msg=22958&sort=date Dinn's Notes on the Pynchon-L] - See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_29:_289-295#Page_292 292]

Not to mention the obvious joak: "you ain't just whistlin' Dixie!"

'''I lit East''' 
As with "strike" (see above) note that "lit" has connotations with light and fuses, an physical (as in physics) reaction that a human initiates.

'''cry in the right Uncle's ale-can''' 
???

'''fifty-weight of Harness''' 
???

'''the chunk of Rose Quartz''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_334 334] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''the West Line ... will finally refer ... preparing for the Translation south''' 
"refer" and "Translation" paint a different image than "strike" and "lit" above, although all four words describe interaction with the lines. Why the difference? Note that "strike" and "lit" describe human movement along the lines, while "refer" and "Translation" seem to describe the interaction of lines with lines and points and mathematics.

==Page 442==
'''Swifts come out''' 
The swifts are a family, Apodidae, of highly aerial birds. They are superficially similar to swallows but are actually not closely related to thorre passerine species at all; swifts are in the separate order Apodiformes, which they share with the hummingbirds. The treeswifts are closely releted to the true swifts, but form a separate family, the Hemiprocnidae. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swift WIKI]

'''scry''' 
"To predict the future using crystal balls." -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/scry Wiktionary]

'''heptagon''' 
(geometry) A polygon with seven sides and seven angles." -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/heptagon Wiktionary]

I believe this is the first appearance of a seven-sided object, but note that several octagonal shapes have appeared, including a couple of deadly devices (the Octuple Gloucester--a big cheese--on page 137 and "The octagonal Barrel" of the rifle that M&D consider swapping for a Tub on p. 428) as well as the Octagon Room on page 437.

'''line of work''' 
Speaking of scrying...

'''Mr. Franklin's [[G#armonica|Armonica]]''' 
Musical instrument consisting of a set of graduated and tuned glass bowls sounded by the friction of wet fingers on the rims. It was invented by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]] in 1761. His "armonica" consisted of hemispherical glasses suspended on atreadle-operated spindle, overlapping so that only their rims were visible. A trough of water beneath the glasses moistened them as they rotated through it. It spanned four octaves. Mozart composed ''Adagio und Rondo'' K 617 and ''Adagio für Harmonika'' K 356 for the instrument. Beethoven also composed for it, as well as others; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glass_harmonica Wikipedia entry]. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_268 268].

'''light of the Sun, and whatever Medium bears it to us''' 
The luminiferous aether, the medium through which it was thought, at the end of the 19th century, light propogated. The idea of such a medium was eventually done away with as a result of Einstein's special theory of relativity.

==Page 443==
'''Crimp''' 
One who decoys or entraps men into the military or naval service. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/crimp WIKI]

'''Body-jobber''' 
Pynchon having more playful fun with the job title of "jobber." Cf. Land Jobbers and Labor Crimps (naval Body-jobbers), both on p. 365, and Love-Jobbers, p. 427.

'''Parts of a single great Machine''' 
Tell it to John Henry! Humorous, but dehumanizing the human traffic brings slavery to mind.

'''"Developer," or Projector of Land-Schemes''' 
Wicks (Pynchon?) seems to hold Land Jobbers (p. 427) in nearly as high esteem as lawyers.

==Page 444==
'''sailing from Spithead''' 
Fairly smooth sailing: Spithead is an area of the Solent and a roadstead off Gilkicker Point in Hampshire, England. It is protected from all winds, except those from the southeast. It receives its name from the Spit, a sandbank stretching south from the Hampshire shore for 5 km (3 miles); and it is 22.5 km (14 miles) long by about 6.5 km (4 miles) in average breadth. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spithead WIKI]

'''in perfect Enfilade''' 
A formation or position is "in enfilade" if weapons fire can be directed along its longest axis. For instance, a trench is enfiladed if the opponent can fire down the length of the trench. A column of marching troops is enfiladed if fired on from the front or rear such that the projectiles travel the length of the column. A rank or line of advancing troops is enfiladed if fired on from the side (flank). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Enfilade WIKI]

==Page 445==
'''kine''' 
Cows

'''Little Christiana''' 
The Christina River is a tributary of the Delaware River, approximately 35 miles (56 km) long, in northern Delaware in the United States, also flowing through small areas of southeastern Pennsylvania and northeastern Maryland. Near its mouth the river flows past downtown Wilmington, Delaware, forming the city's harbor for traffic on the Delaware River. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christina_River WIKI]

'''Like your Mother's Pussy''' 
From here to the end of the page, they start telling "yo mama" jokes, which also appear in ''Inherent Vice'' [http://inherent-vice.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_10 (pg. 155)] and ''Against the Day'' [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_1-25#Page_12 (pg. 12)].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 42: 422-435

2011-07-06T00:14:19Z

Lorenz: /* Page 426 */

==Page 422==
'''Weather-gage''' 
"Sh OED lists 'have or keep the weather gauge of' as be windward of, fig get the better of. On a side note, Pynchon also uses gage in GR for marijuana (in the Red Malcolm scene) and I always presumed this was a corruption of ganja or ganga, but no, it is listed under gage, LME, var of gauge, 1 A quart pot, long rare or obs LME, 2 A pipe; a pipeful (orig. of tobacco, now chiefly of marijuana), hence, marijuana, slang L17. That's L17 slang, foax! and no doubt the contents of the pipe
changed some time before GW started growing and selling his crop in
the M18." -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author ''Dinn's Notes'']

See also: [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22449&sort=author More Discussion on Dinn's notes]

'''Dromonds''' 
The dromons (from Greek δρόμων, dromon, i.e. "runner") were the most important warships of the Byzantine navy from the 6th to 12th centuries AD. They were indirectly developed from the ancient trireme and were usually propelled by both oar and sail, a configuration that had been used by navies in the Mediterranean Sea for centuries. - from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dromon Wikipedia]

'''Spielers''' 
"Anglicized plural of German 'player' (as in Mabuse, Der...)" ([http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author ''Dinn's Notes'']). Possibly spelled as an "anglicized plural" in order to pun off spoilers, spies...?

==Page 423==
'''hey? right out of G. Rex's Purse it came''' 
"G Rex being King George" -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author ''Dinn's Notes''], see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

'''The Tub!''' 
Cf. ''[[T#tub|A Tale of a Tub]]'', a satire by Jonathon Swift? Read it in [http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/A_Tale_of_a_Tub Wikisource], or read about it in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Tale_of_a_Tub Wikipedia], which describes it in such a Pynchonian light:
:"the book is constructed like a layer cake, with Digression and Tale alternating. However, the digressions overwhelm the narrative, both in terms of the forcefulness and imaginativeness of writing and in terms of volume [...] Many critics have followed Swift's biographer Irvin Ehrenpreis in arguing that there is no single, consistent narrator in the work [...] The digressions individually frustrate readers who expect a clear purpose [...] Some, such as the discussion of ears or of wisdom being like a nut, a cream sherry, a cackling hen, etc., are outlandish and require a militantly aware and thoughtful reader."

Wikipedia also notes that satire targeted "indexers, note-makers." I found myself squirming as I read this paragraph while working on this wiki:
:"Swift's targets in the Tale included indexers, note-makers, and, above all, people who saw 'dark matter' in books. Attacking criticism generally, he appears delighted that one of his enemies, William Wotton, offered to explain the Tale in an 'answer' to the book and that one of the men he had explicitly attacked, Curll, offered to explain the book to the public. In the fifth edition of the book in 1705, Swift provided an apparatus to the work that incorporated Wotton's explanations and Swift's narrator's own notes as well. The notes appear to occasionally provide genuine information and just as often to mislead, and William Wotton's name, a defender of the Moderns, was appended to a number of notes. This allows Swift to make the commentary part of the satire itself, as well as to elevate his narrator to the level of self-critic."

On the other hand, I delighted in the Pynchonian names: Curll and William Wotton.

'''Library at Alexandria, circa 390 A.D.''' 
The Royal Library of Alexandria, or Ancient Library of Alexandria, in Alexandria, Egypt, was probably the largest, and certainly the most famous, of the libraries of the ancient world. It flourished under the patronage of the Ptolemaic dynasty and existed, and functioned as a major center of scholarship, at least until the time of Rome's conquest of Egypt, and probably for many centuries thereafter. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library_of_alexandria WIKI]

==Page 425==
'''Oh Ruddier than the Cherry''' 
"Aria from Handel's Acis and Galatea of c 1720" -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author ''Dinn's Notes'']

I believe that the words were written by John Gay (1688–1732) and that Handel set them to music. In this operatic scene, "the giant Polyphemus [a love-stricken cyclops], more used to wreaking terror and devastation than feelings of love, attempts to woo Galatea (O ruddier than the cherry) but Galatea flees in terror" ([http://www.bamptonopera.org/repertory/mozhanacisdetail.htm Bampton Classic Opera]). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polyphemus Wikipedia] for more on the tale.

Listen to it, hear: [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cbyxE9QWPfc&mode=related&search= YouTube]

Read along while you listen:
:O RUDDIER than the cherry!
:O sweeter than the berry!
::O nymph more bright
:Than moonshine night,
:Like kidlings blithe and merry!
:Ripe as the melting cluster!
:No lily has such lustre;
::Yet hard to tame
::As raging flame,
:And fierce as storms that bluster!

:Ripe as the melting cluster,
:no lily has such luster;
:yet hard to tame as raging flame
:and fierce as storms that bluster.

:O ruddier than the cherry,
:O sweeter than the berry,
:O ruddier than the cherry,
:O sweeter than the berry,
:O nymph more bright
:than moonshine night
:like kidlings blithe and merry.

'''It flies through the Air, in a curious, as it seems ''directed'', Arc, hits the Tub with a solid ''bong'', flattening its Point''' 
Cf. p. 5, opening line to novel: "Snow-Balls have flown their Arcs, starr'd the Sides of Outbuildings"

'''Hungarian Vampirism''' 
Although vampiric entities have been recorded in many cultures, the term vampire was not popularised until the early 18th century, after an influx of vampire superstition into Western Europe from areas where vampire legends were frequent, such as the Balkans and Eastern Europe, although local variants were also known by different names, such as vampir (вампир) in Serbia and Bulgaria, vrykolakas in Greece and strigoi in Romania. This increased level of vampire superstition in Europe led to mass hysteria and in some cases resulted in corpses actually being staked and people being accused of vampirism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vampire WIKI]

'''[[V#voam|Professor Voam]] , Philosophical Operator''' 
"Voam appeared a hundred pages [p. 321] back as the 'camp naturalist' that Dixon consulted about Emerson's watch. That incident must have been a 'flash forward.'" -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

In addition to Voam's striking job titles ("camp naturalist" and "Philosophical Operator"), note that in Pennsylvania and New Jersey there is an organization called VOAM Electric Cooperative Inc. — and VOM is the abbreviation for Volt-Ohm Meter.

==Page 426==
'''Torpedo''' 
Electric eel, here - though this is incorrect as a "torpedo," when speaking of electric naval life, is an electric ray, order Torpediniformes (see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric_ray Wikipedia]). Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_234 234]. The professor himself acknowledges the erroneousness of the term on page 431.

'''Ferric Prodigy''' 
Ferric refers to iron-containing materials or compounds. In chemistry the term is reserved for iron with an oxidation number of +3, also denoted iron(III) or Fe3+. On the other hand, ferrous refers to iron with oxidation number of +2, denoted iron(II) or Fe2+. Iron(III) is usually the most stable form of iron in air, as illustrated by the pervasiveness of rust, an insoluble iron(III)-containing material. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferric WIKI]

'''"You'd be flatter'n a Griddle-Cake" [...] "Excuse me,-- to what End? Gazing at it, as it fries? saying Oh you're so Circular...your Airr-Bubbles, they're so intriguing,--"''' 
" "*Than*, *than*" Took me a few parse errors before I realizes that Voam's intended 'flatter than' is read by Mason as 'flattering'." -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author Dinn's Notes]

==Page 427==
'''Dixon, emerging coprophagously a-grin''' 
coprophagous -- "Feeding on excrement" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/coprophagous Wiktionary]); i.e., a sh*t eating grin

'''''exeunt''''' 
Latin for "they leave." Used as a stage direction in theater scripts, though the term is now obsolete. (See [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/exeunt Wiktionary])

'''the Slave who spoke to Dixon earlier''' 
"earlier being [page] 419.25 where he meets the 'pretty Bondmaiden' and it is Austra from the Cape. cf also [page] 431.5." -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author Dinn's Notes]

'''Love-Jobbers''' 
Pynchon having more playful fun with the job title of "Jobbers"--"Love," of course, being used euphemistically. Cf. [[B|Body Jobbers]], [[L|Land Jobbers]]

'''Fly-Whisks''' 
A fly-whisk is a tool to swat or disturb flies. It is used as a regalia in some cultures. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fly_whisk WIKI]

'''in payment of a Debt forever unexplain'd to me''' 
"Perhaps Austra incurred this debt by failing to lure Charles into fathering a child by her. Oh Complicity! Oh Complexity!" -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author Dinn's Notes]

'''Novitiate''' 
novitiate (per [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/novitiate Wiktionary]):
#the period during which a novice of a religious order undergoes training
#the place where a novice lives and studies
#a novice

'''Rapprochement''' 
"The establishment of or state of having cordial relations; an agreement, accord, or reconciliation." -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/rapprochement Wiktionary]

'''Dutch Rifle... with a Five-pointed Star... inverted.''' 
Here it is again. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_342 342] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_10:_94-104#Page_101 101].

Dutch rifle wheellock, circa 1630: The jaw is normally tightened with the same spanner used to cock the lock. This being a "Dutch" lock.

==Page 428==
'''A Polaris of Evil''' 
At the time of Mason & Dixon, Polaris only literally meant the North Star: "Polaris" comes from Stella Polaris, the Latin form of its common name "Pole Star". The rarely used Greek name Cynosura (Κυνόσουρα) means "tail of the dog". 

Polaris was the name of a famous guided missile system in the 20th Century. 

Here, North as the place from which death and destruction comes in Pynchon's world is clearly alluded to and what is another negative allusion to "man's best friend" may be implied. There is Pugnax the dog in ATD. Arguably, dogs are symbols of the bourgeoisie in Pynchon, complicit in mankind's war-making History in TRP's vision.

'''Patch-Box''' 
"Another change that was made to the old Jaeger ["brought to the colonies by German gunsmiths in the early 1700’s"] that most scholars consider unique to the American longrifle was the addition of a brass patch box. The Jaegers and the early longrifles had storage compartments in the butt of the gun with sliding carved wood covers. The argument is that these covers were easily lost and something a little more practical was required for the longhunter. Hence, the hinged brass patch box." -- [http://www.americanlongrifles.com/american-longrifle-kentucky-rifle-story.htm The Story of the American Longrifle] (an excellent read, incidentally)

'''Piercings''' 
Pierce-work -- "Metalwork, woodwork, etc., incorporating perforations made for decorative or functional effect." -- OED

==Page 429==
'''a Forest Weapon, match'd to a single Prey, heavier than a Squirrel, not quite so heavy as a Deer....''' 
"about the weight of a man, say? Is that maybe why, in which case, evil polarises around this rifle?" -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author Dinn's Notes]

'''inverted Star,- in Lancaster Town''' 
Referring to page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_342 342].

'''form of a Daisy''' 
Possibly an allusion to Daisy brand "Outdoor Products" which would later become famous for their selling of BB Guns to youth etc: Daisy was started in 1882 as Plymouth Iron Windmill Company in Plymouth, Michigan. In 1886 the company started to give BB guns with purchases of windmills. The gun was so popular the company started to sell guns instead of windmills. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daisy_Outdoor_Products WIKI]

==Page 430==
'''the Sharper''' 
A sharper is an older term, common since the seventeenth-century, for thieves who use trickery to part an owner with his or her money possessions. Sharpers vary from what we now call con-men by virtue of the simplicity of their cons, which often were impromptu, rather than carefully orchestrated, though those certainly happened as well. The 1737 Dictionary of Thieving Slang defines a sharper as "A Cheat, One who lives by his wits." In the nineteenth-century, and into today, the term is more closely associated with gambling.

Sharpers were romantic figures in the eighteenth-century, valued as imaginative figures for their perceived social independence and ability to create new social networks of gangs. The appeal of an independent society, operating outside the law, has been imaginative evocative for centuries, but in eighteenth-century London philosophical thought, influenced by Thomas Hobbes and Rousseau's new formulations of social contract, the romanticization of thievery reached new levels. John Gay's The Beggar's Opera and Henry Fielding's novel Jonathan Wild are only two examples of sharpers as heroes, in these cases, to provide satirical ammunition against the British Prime Minister Horace Walpole. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sharper WIKI]

'''Mr LeSpark, as he will come to tell the Tale, declines back into the Couch''' 
Tell the tale *now* (as in to Tenebrae, Ives, Ethelmer, DePugh, etc.) or tell the tale *then* as in rat out M&D's tub theft to Lord Lepton? (This idea was sparked by comments in [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author Dinn's Notes].)

==Page 431==
'''Mr. Linnaeus''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_321 321] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_360 360].

'''''Gymnotus''''' 
Gymnotus is the among the most species-rich group of electric knifefishes (Gymnotiformes) found in the Amazon. Some Gymnotus species live in the leaf litter and root tangles of river banks. Other species are specialized to live on floodplains within the rootmats of floating meadows. Several species are broadly adapted to live in both of these habitats. Gymnotus are nocturnal predators feeding on insects, crustaceans, and other fish. They generate weak electric fields used in locating objects, and also for communication in which the males court females using stereotyped electrical "songs". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gymnotus WIKI]

'''''Sí, sí, Cariño''''' 
Literally, Spanish for "Yes, yes, Affection," but cariño can also mean (figuratively) "caress," which is what the Professor is doing to the eel as he's speaking. Perhaps Pynchon offers a clue later on the page in translating the eel's other name, "El Peligroso," as "The Dangerous One." Literally, this translates as "The Danger"; this logic would equate "Cariño" with "Affectionate One."

'''let a Nonelectrickal provide the Thrills for a change''' 
The eel's identity is so wrapped up in being electrical that anything that cannot provide a spark is called "a Nonelectrickal"?!?

==Page 432==
'''El P.''' 
Or LP, long-playing record; certainly a "Cyclickal Creature" with a repetitive life.

'''''una Criatura Ci'clica, asi eres''''' 
"a cyclical creature, so you are" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/s.html HyperArts]

'''worrying about Coach schedules''' 
Perhaps busy travelers in the 18th Century concerned themselves with tight transfers on Coach lines--or perhaps this is more of Pynchon's riffing on Coaches as modern airliners?

'''far off E-do''' 
"Edo is the old name for Tokyo, in use in the 1760s." -- [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22312&sort=author Dinn's Notes]

==Page 433==
'''surcease''' 
"The cessation of something or someone." -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/surcease Wiktionary]

'''Rubicon''' 
Rubicon is a 29 km long river in northern Italy... "Crossing the Rubicon" is a popular idiom meaning to pass a point of no return. This phrase is often used by journalists in newspapers. It refers to Caesar's 49 BC crossing of the river, which was considered an act of war. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubicon WIKI]

'''Antillean Cigar''' 
Cuban cigar

==Page 435==
'''Squire Haligast''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_38:_382-390#Page_389 389], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_391 391] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_48:_466-475#Page_470 470].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 41: 410-421

2011-07-05T03:23:30Z

Lorenz: /* Page 415 */

==Page 410==
'''Ridotto''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_71 71] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_338 338].

'''Nonpareil''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonpareil Wiktionary]:
# A person or thing that has no equal; a paragon.
# A small, flat chocolate drop covered with white pellets of sugar.

'''Lepton Castle''' 
"Lepton" is Greek money. It is also a subatomic particle. See, also, [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22311&sort=date "Dinn's Notes": MDMD(14) Notes & Questions Part 1, 410.16] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301].

'''his Lordship''' 
[[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]]

==Page 411==
'''Tallow Dips, and the last feeble Rush-Light''' 
"The first candles probably consisted of dried rushes soaked in grease.
Homemade rushlights were commonly used in England as late as 1800
because, although they smoked and smelled horribly, they were so
cheap ... Eventually someone discovered the method of making a "tallow dip"
with a wick running longitudinally through its center. The wick -- a few
threads of flax, hemp, or cotton, lightly twisted or plaited -- was dipped
in melted tallow and allowed to cool, again and again, until the candle
had a desired thickness" -- [http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/500-599/nb590.htm ''Candles''. Nature Bulletin No. 590. Forest Preserve District of Cook County. February 6, 1960]

Note that the lighting technologies are listed regressively, as if moving back through time.

'''Bloomeries''' 
bloomery -- a forge in which wrought iron is made straight from ore ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bloomery Wiktionary])

'''Invisible Hand''' 
“Adam Smith's notion that rational agents guided by their own self-interest would act in such a way as to promote the public interest, the foundation of laissez-faire economics which caused much of the misery associated with the Industrial Revolution” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Invisible Hand]

==Page 412==
'''Gangue''' 
"(mining) The earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gangue Wiktionary]

'''Equations of Proprietary Happiness''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_328 328].

'''more room inside than could possibly be contained in the sorrowing ruin''' 
Cf. "a Conveyance, wherein the inside is quite noticeably larger than the outside", page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_354 354].

'''Plafond''' 
Plafond, in a broad sense, is any (flat, vaulted or dome) ceiling of any premise. Plafond can be product of monumental and decorative painting and sculpture; subject or ornamental - also is designated by the term "Plafond". Picturesque plafonds can be executed directly on plaster (in technique of fresco, oil, glutinous, synthetic paints, etc.), on a canvas attached to a ceiling (panel), a mosaic, and other methods. As a part of decorative furniture of church and palace stateroom plafonds received a wide circulation in 17 - beginning of 19 centuries. For plafond compositions of this period typically use of effect of illusory break in architectural in open or proceeding behind a ceiling space, the image of figures and architectural details in strong foreshortenings. – from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plafond Wikipedia]

'''silver sconce and Sperm Taper Light''' 
"sperm taper is a candle made from spermaceti or sperm oil. sconce, LME, aphetic fr Fr esconse = hiding place or lantern, or fr med Lat sconsa aphetic fr absconsa (laterna) = dark (lantern), 1 a) A lantern or candlestick with a screen to protect the light from the wind, and a handle for carrying, LMW-M18, b) a flat candlestick with a handle, M19, 2 A bracket for a candle or a light hung on or fixed to an interior wall, rare M19." -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

==Page 413==
'''from the Oboick Reveries of the Besozzis, as the Imperial Melismata of Quantz''' 
* Besozzis: probably Antonio Besozzi and his son Carlo Besozzi, oboists and composers (numerous gifted woodwind players apparently sprung from the Besozzi family tree)
* Melismata: plural form of melism, “a melody or melodic sequence of notes. Usually spec. (in singing and vocal composition): the prolongation of one syllable over a number of notes; an instance of this” – the OED
* Quantz, Johann Joaquim (1697-1773): German flautist and composer, and court composer for Frederick II, the Great. He wrote a treatise on flute playing and composed a huge quantity of pieces for the flute.

Question: Did Quantz compose a piece entitled "Melismata"?

No, but he wrote a treatise on Flute Playing which deals with ornamentation such as Melismata - see [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Ornamentation.htm]

Trivia: Quantz and Carlo Besozzi were both oboists for the Dresden court: Carlo from 1754 until his death; Quantz seemingly earlier as he entered Frederick the Great's service in 1741.

'''Hurricanoe''' 
“aka "Hurricane" (a large private party - 18th cent.)” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/h.html HyperArts entry: Hurricanoe/Hurricane]

==Page 414==
'''Climbers' Discourse''' 
???

Likely of social climbers.

'''behave inconveniently''' 
[[I#inconvenience|Inconvenience]] again, see entry on [[Chapter 40:399-409| page 401]].

'''Churs of Stroud''' 
Churs = electors???
Stroud = Stroud, Gloucestershire UK: [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Calvert agent Captain Dasp''' 
Calvert County Realtors - Calvert Agents In Maryland.

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_393 393].

==Page 415==
'''Raby Castle''' 
[[Image:RubyCastle.jpg|thumb|Raby Castle from Jones' Views (1819)|right]]
"Raby Castle [...] near Staindrop, County Durham is one of the largest inhabited castles in England. It has opulent eighteenth and nineteenth century interiors inside a largely unchanged late medieval shell. It is a Grade I listed building. Raby once belonged to the Neville family, who became one of the most powerful in England" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raby_Castle Wikipedia] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_5:_42-46#Page_43 43].

[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=raby+castle,+Staindrop,+County+Durham&sll=54.630531,-1.773605&sspn=0.168921,0.460739&ie=UTF8&ll=54.595166,-1.808538&spn=0.010567,0.028796&z=15&iwloc=addr&om=1 Google Maps]

'''Brunswick style''' 
worn with a petticoat, the Brunswick was an informal gown or Riding Habit. A riding habit consisted of a petticoat, jacket, and waistcoat.

'''wine-colored Cordovan''' 
a favorite boot color of TRP's. There is a "wine-cordovan boot" on page 121 of ATD, also a female's.

'''French Court heels''' 
Ladies of the French court once carried canes to support themselves on uncomfortable high heels. Heels became lower after the French Revolution, not surprisingly.

'''Iron Nabob''' 
Nabob (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nabob Wiktionary]):
#an Indian ruler within the Mogul empire; a nawab
#(by extension) someone of great wealth or importance

'''Phrygioid if not Phrygian''' 
According to unvarying tradition the Phrygians were most closely akin to certain tribes of Macedonia and Thrace; and their near relationship to the Hellenic stock is proved by all that is known of their language and
art, and is accepted by almost every modern authority. -- [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Phrygia Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 th edition]. Pynchon's wit makes up the word Phrygioid to mean something like "like Phrygian" that is fake Phyrgian due to the prevalence of 'British modality'--preceding phrase.

"Phrygian Mode - A lot of traditional music, especially Scottish and Irish is termed 'Modal' because it does not follow the conventional modern major or
minor scales. There are seven modes, and Phrygian is the one that starts with E." --[http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Three Pages Per Day'' Project]
This is not quite accurate; the Phrygian mode starts with E if C is the Parent major (Ionian) scale. The Phrygian mode starts with the 3rd note of a major scale, resulting in a natural minor scale with a flatted 2nd. This gives the following degrees: 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7.

==Page 416==
'''pierc'd paint Eyes of Nevilles and Vanes''' 
"Presumably like some Hammer House of Horror movie there is a tunnel passing behind the portraits in the gallery" ([http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]). Raby's castle was once held by the Nevilles ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/nevills_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Nevilles]) and was later passed to the Vanes ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/vanes_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Vanes]). Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225].

'''''Bellezza, che chiama''''' 
"a beauty that beckons" - [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Italian Translations]

'''multiply-bepoxed''' 
??? suggestion that he has syphilis???

'''after three of these trans-Stygian Years, become Journeyman''' 
Stygian (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stygian Wiktionary]):
#Dark and gloomy
#Infernal or hellish
#Of, or relating to the river Styx

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_399 399] for Mason's Styx analogies

==Page 417==
'''Chatelaine''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chatelaine Wiktionary]:
#The mistress of a castle or large household.
#A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women in the 16th to the 19th centuries, with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached.

'''Mignonette''' 
"A type of fine French bobbin lace made in narrow strips and having the consistency of tulle. Occas. more fully mignonette lace. Now hist" -- OED

'''Great Chain of Being this, Great Chain of Being that, [...] this rather lengthy ''Chain'' [...] Is there something [...] dangling from its bottom end?''' [[File:GreatChainofBeing.png|200px|thumb|right|1579 drawing of the great chain of being from Didacus Valades, ''Rhetorica Christiana'']]The great chain of being is a classical and western medieval conception of the order of the universe, whose chief characteristic is a strict hierarchical system. 
It is a conception of the world's structure that was accepted, and unquestioned, by most educated men from the time of Lucretius until the Copernican and Darwinian revolution and the ultimate flowering of the Renaissance. The chain of being is composed of a great number of hierarchal links, from the most basic and foundational elements up through the very highest perfection, in other words, God, or the Prime Mover. 

God, and beneath him the angels, both existing wholly in spirit form, sit at the top of the chain. Earthly flesh is fallible and ever-changing: mutable. Spirit, however, is unchanging and permanent. This sense of permanence is crucial to understanding this conception of reality. One does not abandon one's place in the chain; it is not only unthinkable, but generally impossible. The hierarchy is a chain and not a ladder. 

The natural order, earth (rock) is at the bottom of the chain; these elements possess only the attribute of existence. Moving on up the chain, each succeeding link contains the positive attributes of the previous link, and adds (at least) one other. Rocks, as above, possess only existence; the next link up, plants, possess life and existence. Beasts add not only motion, but appetite as well. 

Man is a special instance in this conception. He is both mortal flesh, as those below him, and also spirit. In this dichotomy, the struggle between flesh and spirit becomes a moral one. -- abridged (slightly) from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chain_of_Being Wikipedia]

Notice Pynchon's multimeaning playfulness with the "chains" of the Chainmen and, one must think, the chains of the slave trade. This joking on the concept by Lord Lepton seems to touch some deep themes of M & D.

What [creature] dangles at the bottom of the chain? Where does it "fall" if it 'fails to hold on'? One is reminded of the supposedly real witticism as joke about an Eastern creation myth. The Earth is held up by a turtle
which is held up by another turtle, someone explained. "And that turtle?" asks the interlocuter. "Another turtle"...."And that one"?......."O No, you're not going to trap me...it's turtles all the way down."

'''Perhaps it is a Helixxx''' 
DNA? Though note the suggestion of a snake. (Cf. "the Serpent," [[Chapter 13: 125-145|Ch. 13, p. 135]]; "Something underground, moving Westward," [[Chapter 30: 296-301|Ch. 30, p. 299]])

==Page 418==
'''You sound like one of those Leveler chaps''' 
Levelers or Levellers, English Puritan sect active at the time of the English civil war. The name was apparently applied to them in 1647, in derision of their beliefs in equality. The Levelers demanded fundamental constitutional reform—a written constitution, a single supreme representative body elected by universal manhood suffrage, proportional representation, and the abolition of monarchy and noble privilege. Their ideals, far in advance of their time, were those of complete religious and political equality. They were adept at the use of mass petitions and extensive pamphleteering to arouse the public. When the Long Parliament did not respond to their ideas, they tried to build support in the ranks of the army, with some success. -- Columbia Encyclopedia

'''fiduciary''' 
A fiduciary duty is a legal or ethical relationship of confidence or trust between two or more parties, most commonly a fiduciary or trustee and a principal or beneficiary. One party, for example a corporate trust company or the trust department of a bank, holds a fiduciary relation or acts in a fiduciary capacity to another, such as one whose funds are entrusted to it for investment. In a fiduciary relation one person justifiably reposes confidence, good faith, reliance and trust in another whose aid, advice or protection is sought in some matter. In such a relation good conscience requires one to act at all times for the sole benefit and interests of another, with loyalty to those interests. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciary WIKI]

'''nitter-natter''' 
??? chitter-chatter? ???

'''Coke''' 
Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous... Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace... In 1709, Abraham Darby I established a coke-fired blast furnace to produce cast iron. Coke's superior crushing strength allowed blast furnaces to become taller and larger. The ensuing availability of inexpensive iron was one of the factors leading to the Industrial Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel) WIKI]

'''Staithes''' 
plural for Stath (from OED):
#The land bordering on water, a bank, shore.
#A landing-stage, wharf; esp. a waterside depôt for coals brought from the collieries for shipment, furnished with staging and shoots for loading vessels.
#An embankment.

Staithes is an English village at the most northerly point of the North Yorkshire coast [...] Roxby Beck (a small river) running through Staithes is the border between North Yorkshire and neighbouring Redcar and Cleveland. Formerly one of the largest and most productive fishing centres in North-East England, Staithes is now largely a tourist destination thanks to its picturesque appearance [...] Staithes is noted for its sheltered harbour, bounded by high cliffs and two long breakwaters. A mile to the north, Boulby Cliff is the highest cliff in England - from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staithes Wikipedia]

'''Medmenham''' 
There was a Cistercian abbey founded in Medmenham in the 12th century, under the ownership of Woburn Abbey, though it was not officially recognised by royal charter until 1200. In 1547 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries the abbey was seized and given to the Moore family, and then sold privately to the Duffields. It was while in the possession of the Duffields that the abbey became infamous as the location of The Hellfire Club, formerly called the Monks of Medmenham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medmenham WIKI]

'''the Hellfire Club''' 
The Hellfire Club was the popular name for a number of supposed exclusive clubs for high society rakes established all over Britain and Ireland in the 18th century. These clubs were rumoured to be the meeting places of "persons of quality" who wished to take part in immoral acts, and the members were often very involved in politics. Neither the activities nor membership of the club are easy to ascertain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hellfire_Club WIKI] Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_110 110], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

==Page 419==
'''Damask Pulse''' 
Damasks were one of the five basic weaving techniques of the Byzantine and Islamic weaving centres of the early Middle Ages, and derive their name from their supposed origin in the city of Damascus, Syria... By the fourteenth century, damasks were being woven on draw looms in Italy. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, most damasks were woven in a single colour, with a glossy warp-faced satin pattern against a duller ground. Two-colour damasks had contrasting colour warps and wefts, and polychrome damasks added gold and other metallic threads or additional colors as supplemental brocading wefts. Medieval damasks were usually woven in silk, but wool and linen damasks were also woven. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask WIKI]

'''It is difficult in these days of closer-fitting Attire, to imagine the enormous volumes of unoccupied Space that once lay between is Skirt's outer Envelope and the woman's body far within.''' 
"Is this another case where inside and outside have wildly different metric
properties. And what about ''these days'' [?] Were skirts so much tighter in the 1780s than in the 1760s [?] If not then who is speaking and when?" -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

'''Chrysalis''' 
A chrysalis or nympha is the pupal stage of butterflies. The term is derived from the metallic gold-colouration found in the pupae of many butterflies referred to by the Greek term χρυσός (chrysós) for gold. Because chrysalides are often showy and are formed in the open, they are the most familiar examples of pupae. Most chrysalides are attached to a surface by a Velcro-like arrangement of a silken pad spun by the caterpillar and a set of hooks (cremaster) at the tip of the pupal abdomen. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysalis#Chrysalis WIKI]

'''Majordomos''' 
Plural form of Majordomo (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/majordomos Wiktionary]):
#The head servant in a wealthy European household
#A butler

'''Soubrette''' 
a lightweight soprano voice or type of soprano role, frequently found in comic operas or operettas; the soubrette usually possesses a flirtatious demeanor and street wise manner, as in the case of Adele in Die Fledermaus, or is a particularly fetching country innocent, like Adina in The Elixir of Love. Webster's online dictionary.

'''Widows of Christ''' 
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

==Page 420==
'''Otick Catarrh''' 
Mason is suggesting he will get an ear ache (or infection) from Dixon's "loud" and "moist" whisperings:
*Octic - "(anatomy) of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Otic Wiktionary]) 
*Catarrh - "inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catarrh Wiktionary])

'''Ague''' 
Apogee (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apogee Wiktionary]):
# (astronomy) That point in the orbit of any object which is at the greatest distance from the center of the central body. For example, the point in the moon's orbit which is the greatest distance from the center of the earth.
# The highest point.

'''Viudas de Cristo''' 
Spanish: "The Widows of Christ"

'''Peace of Paris''' 
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the Seven Years' War. The treaty marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside of Europe. Notably, the treaty did not involve either Prussia or Austria who signed a separate Treaty of Hubertusburg. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763) WIKI]

'''Pepe d'Escaubitte''' 
An escaubitte is a calker's oil-box.

'''Iron-Mask Marthioly''' 
Ercole Antonio Mattioli (1640–1694) was a minister of Duke Charles IV of Mantua. He was kidnapped and imprisoned by Louis XIV of France. He has been associated with the Man in the Iron Mask... In 1679, Louis XIV had his French envoy d'Estrades kidnap Mattioli and take him to France. There Mattioli was imprisoned in the fortress of Pignerol where he was eventually put into solitary confinement. By 1680 he was described as nearly mad. His manservant was also kidnapped and held with him. Ercole Antonio Mattioli died in 1694 while incarcerated on the island of Sainte-Marguerite. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercole_Antonio_Mattioli WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Boys from Presque Isle''' 
Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqu'île) was a fort built by French soldiers in 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The fort was part of a line that included Fort Le Boeuf, Fort Machault, and Fort Duquesne. The fort was built as part of the French military occupation of the Ohio Country; rival claims to the area by the British led to the French and Indian War. After the 1759 British victory at the Battle of Fort Niagara, the French burned the fort and retreated from the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Presque_Isle WIKI]

==Page 421==
'''Paradise of Chance''' 
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=C#chums The Chums of Chance in ''Against the Day''].

A-and from an article on the Ancient Greek philosopher perhaps most associated with the concept of Chance, Democritus: "it[chance] seems to be an attempt to show how an apparently ordered arrangement can arise automatically, as a byproduct of the random collisions of bodies in motion. No attractive forces or purposes need be introduced to explain the sorting by the tide or in the sieve: it is probable that this is an attempt to show how apparently orderly effects can be produced without goal-directioned forces or purpose." [http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=democritus Democritus] 
Such a condition would be Paradisaical in Pynchon's anti-determinism vision.

'''E-O Wheel''' 
"Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Bezique''' 
Bezique (in French, bézique) is a 19th century French melding and trick-taking card game for two players derived from Mariage via Briscan by the addition of more scoring features - notably a peculiar liaison Q ♠and J♦ under the names Bésigue, Binokel, Pinochle, etc., according to the country. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezique WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 41: 410-421

2011-07-05T03:16:56Z

Lorenz: /* Page 414 */

==Page 410==
'''Ridotto''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_71 71] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_338 338].

'''Nonpareil''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonpareil Wiktionary]:
# A person or thing that has no equal; a paragon.
# A small, flat chocolate drop covered with white pellets of sugar.

'''Lepton Castle''' 
"Lepton" is Greek money. It is also a subatomic particle. See, also, [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22311&sort=date "Dinn's Notes": MDMD(14) Notes & Questions Part 1, 410.16] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301].

'''his Lordship''' 
[[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]]

==Page 411==
'''Tallow Dips, and the last feeble Rush-Light''' 
"The first candles probably consisted of dried rushes soaked in grease.
Homemade rushlights were commonly used in England as late as 1800
because, although they smoked and smelled horribly, they were so
cheap ... Eventually someone discovered the method of making a "tallow dip"
with a wick running longitudinally through its center. The wick -- a few
threads of flax, hemp, or cotton, lightly twisted or plaited -- was dipped
in melted tallow and allowed to cool, again and again, until the candle
had a desired thickness" -- [http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/500-599/nb590.htm ''Candles''. Nature Bulletin No. 590. Forest Preserve District of Cook County. February 6, 1960]

Note that the lighting technologies are listed regressively, as if moving back through time.

'''Bloomeries''' 
bloomery -- a forge in which wrought iron is made straight from ore ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bloomery Wiktionary])

'''Invisible Hand''' 
“Adam Smith's notion that rational agents guided by their own self-interest would act in such a way as to promote the public interest, the foundation of laissez-faire economics which caused much of the misery associated with the Industrial Revolution” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Invisible Hand]

==Page 412==
'''Gangue''' 
"(mining) The earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gangue Wiktionary]

'''Equations of Proprietary Happiness''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_328 328].

'''more room inside than could possibly be contained in the sorrowing ruin''' 
Cf. "a Conveyance, wherein the inside is quite noticeably larger than the outside", page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_354 354].

'''Plafond''' 
Plafond, in a broad sense, is any (flat, vaulted or dome) ceiling of any premise. Plafond can be product of monumental and decorative painting and sculpture; subject or ornamental - also is designated by the term "Plafond". Picturesque plafonds can be executed directly on plaster (in technique of fresco, oil, glutinous, synthetic paints, etc.), on a canvas attached to a ceiling (panel), a mosaic, and other methods. As a part of decorative furniture of church and palace stateroom plafonds received a wide circulation in 17 - beginning of 19 centuries. For plafond compositions of this period typically use of effect of illusory break in architectural in open or proceeding behind a ceiling space, the image of figures and architectural details in strong foreshortenings. – from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plafond Wikipedia]

'''silver sconce and Sperm Taper Light''' 
"sperm taper is a candle made from spermaceti or sperm oil. sconce, LME, aphetic fr Fr esconse = hiding place or lantern, or fr med Lat sconsa aphetic fr absconsa (laterna) = dark (lantern), 1 a) A lantern or candlestick with a screen to protect the light from the wind, and a handle for carrying, LMW-M18, b) a flat candlestick with a handle, M19, 2 A bracket for a candle or a light hung on or fixed to an interior wall, rare M19." -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

==Page 413==
'''from the Oboick Reveries of the Besozzis, as the Imperial Melismata of Quantz''' 
* Besozzis: probably Antonio Besozzi and his son Carlo Besozzi, oboists and composers (numerous gifted woodwind players apparently sprung from the Besozzi family tree)
* Melismata: plural form of melism, “a melody or melodic sequence of notes. Usually spec. (in singing and vocal composition): the prolongation of one syllable over a number of notes; an instance of this” – the OED
* Quantz, Johann Joaquim (1697-1773): German flautist and composer, and court composer for Frederick II, the Great. He wrote a treatise on flute playing and composed a huge quantity of pieces for the flute.

Question: Did Quantz compose a piece entitled "Melismata"?

No, but he wrote a treatise on Flute Playing which deals with ornamentation such as Melismata - see [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Ornamentation.htm]

Trivia: Quantz and Carlo Besozzi were both oboists for the Dresden court: Carlo from 1754 until his death; Quantz seemingly earlier as he entered Frederick the Great's service in 1741.

'''Hurricanoe''' 
“aka "Hurricane" (a large private party - 18th cent.)” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/h.html HyperArts entry: Hurricanoe/Hurricane]

==Page 414==
'''Climbers' Discourse''' 
???

Likely of social climbers.

'''behave inconveniently''' 
[[I#inconvenience|Inconvenience]] again, see entry on [[Chapter 40:399-409| page 401]].

'''Churs of Stroud''' 
Churs = electors???
Stroud = Stroud, Gloucestershire UK: [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Calvert agent Captain Dasp''' 
Calvert County Realtors - Calvert Agents In Maryland.

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_393 393].

==Page 415==
'''Raby Castle''' 
[[Image:RubyCastle.jpg|thumb|Raby Castle from Jones' Views (1819)|right]]
"Raby Castle [...] near Staindrop, County Durham is one of the largest inhabited castles in England. It has opulent eighteenth and nineteenth century interiors inside a largely unchanged late medieval shell. It is a Grade I listed building. Raby once belonged to the Neville family, who became one of the most powerful in England" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raby_Castle Wikipedia] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_5:_42-46#Page_43 43].

[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=raby+castle,+Staindrop,+County+Durham&sll=54.630531,-1.773605&sspn=0.168921,0.460739&ie=UTF8&ll=54.595166,-1.808538&spn=0.010567,0.028796&z=15&iwloc=addr&om=1 Google Maps]

'''Brunswick style''' 
worn with a petticoat, the Brunswick was an informal gown or Riding Habit. A riding habit consisted of a petticoat, jacket, and waistcoat.

'''wine-colored Cordovan''' 
a favorite boot color of TRP's. There is a "wine-cordovan boot" on page 121 of ATD, also a female's.

'''French Court heels''' 
Ladies of the French court once carried canes to support themselves on uncomfortable high heels. Heels became lower after the French Revolution, not surprisingly.

'''Iron Nabob''' 
Nabob (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nabob Wiktionary]):
#an Indian ruler within the Mogul empire; a nawab
#(by extension) someone of great wealth or importance

'''Phrygioid if not Phrygian''' 
According to unvarying tradition the Phrygians were most closely akin to certain tribes of Macedonia and Thrace; and their near relationship to the Hellenic stock is proved by all that is known of their language and
art, and is accepted by almost every modern authority. -- [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Phrygia Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 th edition]. Pynchon's wit makes up the word Phrygioid to mean something like "like Phrygian" that is fake Phyrgian due to the prevalence of 'British modality'--preceding phrase.

"Phrygian Mode - A lot of traditional music, especially Scottish and Irish is termed 'Modal' because it does not follow the conventional modern major or
minor scales. There are seven modes, and Phrygian is the one that starts with E." --[http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Three Pages Per Day'' Project]
This is not quite accurate; the Phrygian mode starts with E if C is the tonic, in general the Phrygian mode starts with the 3rd note of a major scale. Alternatively, the Phrygian scale is an ordinary minor scale, but with a flatted 2nd.

==Page 416==
'''pierc'd paint Eyes of Nevilles and Vanes''' 
"Presumably like some Hammer House of Horror movie there is a tunnel passing behind the portraits in the gallery" ([http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]). Raby's castle was once held by the Nevilles ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/nevills_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Nevilles]) and was later passed to the Vanes ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/vanes_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Vanes]). Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225].

'''''Bellezza, che chiama''''' 
"a beauty that beckons" - [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Italian Translations]

'''multiply-bepoxed''' 
??? suggestion that he has syphilis???

'''after three of these trans-Stygian Years, become Journeyman''' 
Stygian (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stygian Wiktionary]):
#Dark and gloomy
#Infernal or hellish
#Of, or relating to the river Styx

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_399 399] for Mason's Styx analogies

==Page 417==
'''Chatelaine''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chatelaine Wiktionary]:
#The mistress of a castle or large household.
#A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women in the 16th to the 19th centuries, with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached.

'''Mignonette''' 
"A type of fine French bobbin lace made in narrow strips and having the consistency of tulle. Occas. more fully mignonette lace. Now hist" -- OED

'''Great Chain of Being this, Great Chain of Being that, [...] this rather lengthy ''Chain'' [...] Is there something [...] dangling from its bottom end?''' [[File:GreatChainofBeing.png|200px|thumb|right|1579 drawing of the great chain of being from Didacus Valades, ''Rhetorica Christiana'']]The great chain of being is a classical and western medieval conception of the order of the universe, whose chief characteristic is a strict hierarchical system. 
It is a conception of the world's structure that was accepted, and unquestioned, by most educated men from the time of Lucretius until the Copernican and Darwinian revolution and the ultimate flowering of the Renaissance. The chain of being is composed of a great number of hierarchal links, from the most basic and foundational elements up through the very highest perfection, in other words, God, or the Prime Mover. 

God, and beneath him the angels, both existing wholly in spirit form, sit at the top of the chain. Earthly flesh is fallible and ever-changing: mutable. Spirit, however, is unchanging and permanent. This sense of permanence is crucial to understanding this conception of reality. One does not abandon one's place in the chain; it is not only unthinkable, but generally impossible. The hierarchy is a chain and not a ladder. 

The natural order, earth (rock) is at the bottom of the chain; these elements possess only the attribute of existence. Moving on up the chain, each succeeding link contains the positive attributes of the previous link, and adds (at least) one other. Rocks, as above, possess only existence; the next link up, plants, possess life and existence. Beasts add not only motion, but appetite as well. 

Man is a special instance in this conception. He is both mortal flesh, as those below him, and also spirit. In this dichotomy, the struggle between flesh and spirit becomes a moral one. -- abridged (slightly) from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chain_of_Being Wikipedia]

Notice Pynchon's multimeaning playfulness with the "chains" of the Chainmen and, one must think, the chains of the slave trade. This joking on the concept by Lord Lepton seems to touch some deep themes of M & D.

What [creature] dangles at the bottom of the chain? Where does it "fall" if it 'fails to hold on'? One is reminded of the supposedly real witticism as joke about an Eastern creation myth. The Earth is held up by a turtle
which is held up by another turtle, someone explained. "And that turtle?" asks the interlocuter. "Another turtle"...."And that one"?......."O No, you're not going to trap me...it's turtles all the way down."

'''Perhaps it is a Helixxx''' 
DNA? Though note the suggestion of a snake. (Cf. "the Serpent," [[Chapter 13: 125-145|Ch. 13, p. 135]]; "Something underground, moving Westward," [[Chapter 30: 296-301|Ch. 30, p. 299]])

==Page 418==
'''You sound like one of those Leveler chaps''' 
Levelers or Levellers, English Puritan sect active at the time of the English civil war. The name was apparently applied to them in 1647, in derision of their beliefs in equality. The Levelers demanded fundamental constitutional reform—a written constitution, a single supreme representative body elected by universal manhood suffrage, proportional representation, and the abolition of monarchy and noble privilege. Their ideals, far in advance of their time, were those of complete religious and political equality. They were adept at the use of mass petitions and extensive pamphleteering to arouse the public. When the Long Parliament did not respond to their ideas, they tried to build support in the ranks of the army, with some success. -- Columbia Encyclopedia

'''fiduciary''' 
A fiduciary duty is a legal or ethical relationship of confidence or trust between two or more parties, most commonly a fiduciary or trustee and a principal or beneficiary. One party, for example a corporate trust company or the trust department of a bank, holds a fiduciary relation or acts in a fiduciary capacity to another, such as one whose funds are entrusted to it for investment. In a fiduciary relation one person justifiably reposes confidence, good faith, reliance and trust in another whose aid, advice or protection is sought in some matter. In such a relation good conscience requires one to act at all times for the sole benefit and interests of another, with loyalty to those interests. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciary WIKI]

'''nitter-natter''' 
??? chitter-chatter? ???

'''Coke''' 
Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous... Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace... In 1709, Abraham Darby I established a coke-fired blast furnace to produce cast iron. Coke's superior crushing strength allowed blast furnaces to become taller and larger. The ensuing availability of inexpensive iron was one of the factors leading to the Industrial Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel) WIKI]

'''Staithes''' 
plural for Stath (from OED):
#The land bordering on water, a bank, shore.
#A landing-stage, wharf; esp. a waterside depôt for coals brought from the collieries for shipment, furnished with staging and shoots for loading vessels.
#An embankment.

Staithes is an English village at the most northerly point of the North Yorkshire coast [...] Roxby Beck (a small river) running through Staithes is the border between North Yorkshire and neighbouring Redcar and Cleveland. Formerly one of the largest and most productive fishing centres in North-East England, Staithes is now largely a tourist destination thanks to its picturesque appearance [...] Staithes is noted for its sheltered harbour, bounded by high cliffs and two long breakwaters. A mile to the north, Boulby Cliff is the highest cliff in England - from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staithes Wikipedia]

'''Medmenham''' 
There was a Cistercian abbey founded in Medmenham in the 12th century, under the ownership of Woburn Abbey, though it was not officially recognised by royal charter until 1200. In 1547 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries the abbey was seized and given to the Moore family, and then sold privately to the Duffields. It was while in the possession of the Duffields that the abbey became infamous as the location of The Hellfire Club, formerly called the Monks of Medmenham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medmenham WIKI]

'''the Hellfire Club''' 
The Hellfire Club was the popular name for a number of supposed exclusive clubs for high society rakes established all over Britain and Ireland in the 18th century. These clubs were rumoured to be the meeting places of "persons of quality" who wished to take part in immoral acts, and the members were often very involved in politics. Neither the activities nor membership of the club are easy to ascertain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hellfire_Club WIKI] Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_110 110], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

==Page 419==
'''Damask Pulse''' 
Damasks were one of the five basic weaving techniques of the Byzantine and Islamic weaving centres of the early Middle Ages, and derive their name from their supposed origin in the city of Damascus, Syria... By the fourteenth century, damasks were being woven on draw looms in Italy. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, most damasks were woven in a single colour, with a glossy warp-faced satin pattern against a duller ground. Two-colour damasks had contrasting colour warps and wefts, and polychrome damasks added gold and other metallic threads or additional colors as supplemental brocading wefts. Medieval damasks were usually woven in silk, but wool and linen damasks were also woven. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask WIKI]

'''It is difficult in these days of closer-fitting Attire, to imagine the enormous volumes of unoccupied Space that once lay between is Skirt's outer Envelope and the woman's body far within.''' 
"Is this another case where inside and outside have wildly different metric
properties. And what about ''these days'' [?] Were skirts so much tighter in the 1780s than in the 1760s [?] If not then who is speaking and when?" -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

'''Chrysalis''' 
A chrysalis or nympha is the pupal stage of butterflies. The term is derived from the metallic gold-colouration found in the pupae of many butterflies referred to by the Greek term χρυσός (chrysós) for gold. Because chrysalides are often showy and are formed in the open, they are the most familiar examples of pupae. Most chrysalides are attached to a surface by a Velcro-like arrangement of a silken pad spun by the caterpillar and a set of hooks (cremaster) at the tip of the pupal abdomen. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysalis#Chrysalis WIKI]

'''Majordomos''' 
Plural form of Majordomo (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/majordomos Wiktionary]):
#The head servant in a wealthy European household
#A butler

'''Soubrette''' 
a lightweight soprano voice or type of soprano role, frequently found in comic operas or operettas; the soubrette usually possesses a flirtatious demeanor and street wise manner, as in the case of Adele in Die Fledermaus, or is a particularly fetching country innocent, like Adina in The Elixir of Love. Webster's online dictionary.

'''Widows of Christ''' 
This "order" definitely seems to be a fictional creation, however, it is worth noting, that around this time, there was an order of nuns in Canada known as the Grey Nuns which was founded in 1738 by Saint Marguerite d'Youville, a young widow. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_Nuns WIKI]

==Page 420==
'''Otick Catarrh''' 
Mason is suggesting he will get an ear ache (or infection) from Dixon's "loud" and "moist" whisperings:
*Octic - "(anatomy) of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Otic Wiktionary]) 
*Catarrh - "inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catarrh Wiktionary])

'''Ague''' 
Apogee (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apogee Wiktionary]):
# (astronomy) That point in the orbit of any object which is at the greatest distance from the center of the central body. For example, the point in the moon's orbit which is the greatest distance from the center of the earth.
# The highest point.

'''Viudas de Cristo''' 
Spanish: "The Widows of Christ"

'''Peace of Paris''' 
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the Seven Years' War. The treaty marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside of Europe. Notably, the treaty did not involve either Prussia or Austria who signed a separate Treaty of Hubertusburg. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763) WIKI]

'''Pepe d'Escaubitte''' 
An escaubitte is a calker's oil-box.

'''Iron-Mask Marthioly''' 
Ercole Antonio Mattioli (1640–1694) was a minister of Duke Charles IV of Mantua. He was kidnapped and imprisoned by Louis XIV of France. He has been associated with the Man in the Iron Mask... In 1679, Louis XIV had his French envoy d'Estrades kidnap Mattioli and take him to France. There Mattioli was imprisoned in the fortress of Pignerol where he was eventually put into solitary confinement. By 1680 he was described as nearly mad. His manservant was also kidnapped and held with him. Ercole Antonio Mattioli died in 1694 while incarcerated on the island of Sainte-Marguerite. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercole_Antonio_Mattioli WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Boys from Presque Isle''' 
Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqu'île) was a fort built by French soldiers in 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The fort was part of a line that included Fort Le Boeuf, Fort Machault, and Fort Duquesne. The fort was built as part of the French military occupation of the Ohio Country; rival claims to the area by the British led to the French and Indian War. After the 1759 British victory at the Battle of Fort Niagara, the French burned the fort and retreated from the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Presque_Isle WIKI]

==Page 421==
'''Paradise of Chance''' 
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=C#chums The Chums of Chance in ''Against the Day''].

A-and from an article on the Ancient Greek philosopher perhaps most associated with the concept of Chance, Democritus: "it[chance] seems to be an attempt to show how an apparently ordered arrangement can arise automatically, as a byproduct of the random collisions of bodies in motion. No attractive forces or purposes need be introduced to explain the sorting by the tide or in the sieve: it is probable that this is an attempt to show how apparently orderly effects can be produced without goal-directioned forces or purpose." [http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=democritus Democritus] 
Such a condition would be Paradisaical in Pynchon's anti-determinism vision.

'''E-O Wheel''' 
"Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Bezique''' 
Bezique (in French, bézique) is a 19th century French melding and trick-taking card game for two players derived from Mariage via Briscan by the addition of more scoring features - notably a peculiar liaison Q ♠and J♦ under the names Bésigue, Binokel, Pinochle, etc., according to the country. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezique WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 40: 399-409

2011-07-05T02:24:01Z

Lorenz: /* Page 400 */

==Page 399==

'''Mason leaves the Forks of Brandywine''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 11, 1765. 

'''arriving in New-York by way of the Staten Island Ferry''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 16, 1765.

New York City grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. The city hosted the seminal John Peter Zenger trial in 1735, helping to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by George II of Great Britain as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October of 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City WIKI]

In the 1700s ferry service between Staten Island and the city of New York (then occupying only the southern tip of Manhattan) was conducted by private individuals with "periaugers", shallow-draft, two-masted sailboats used for local traffic in New York harbor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_island_ferry WIKI]

'''Trinity Church... where he will attend services on Sunday.''' 
on Sunday, [[1765#February|February]] 17, 1765

Trinity Church (also known as Trinity Wall Street) at 79 Broadway, New York City, is an historic, full-service parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Trinity Church is located at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in downtown Manhattan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church_(New_York_City) WIKI]

'''But then there is Monday Night.''' 
Monday, [[1765#February|February]] 17, 1765 

'''Presently he has fallen in...''' 
The journals indicate that this is [[1765#February|February]] 19, 1765, since the next day is marked as "In Long Island." 

'''Brooklyn''' 
In 1683, the British reorganized the Province of New York into twelve counties, each of which was sub-divided into towns. Over time, the name evolved from Breuckelen, to Brockland, to Brocklin, to Brookline, and eventually, to Brooklyn. Kings County was one of the original counties, and Brooklyn was one of the original six towns within Kings County. The county was named in honor of King Charles II of England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn WIKI]

'''Pearl-Street''' 
The name Pearl Street is an English translation of the Dutch Parelstraat (written as Paerlstraet around 1660). This street along the eastern shore of New Amsterdam was named for the many oysters found in the river. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Street WIKI]

'''Styx''' 
The River Styx (Greek: Στύξ, Stux, also meaning "hate" and "detestation") was a river in Greek mythology which formed the boundary between Earth and the Underworld (often called Hades which is also the name of this domain's ruler). It circles the Underworld nine times. The rivers Styx, Phlegethon, Acheron and Cocytus all converge at the center of the underworld on a great marsh. The other important rivers of the underworld are Lethe and Eridanos, and Alpheus, a real river that runs in Italy partially underground and undersea. The ferryman was called Charon (also spelled Kharon in older texts). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styx WIKI]

==Page 400==
'''ornamental Dirk''' 
Dirk is a Scots word for a short dagger; sometimes a cut-down sword blade mounted on a dagger hilt, rather than a knife blade. The word dirk could have possibly derived from the Gaelic word sgian dearg (red knife), via dearg [ˈdʒʲɛrəɡ],[dubious – discuss] shifting to Scots "dirk" [ˈdɪɾk]. It may also have been a corruption of the Low German terms Dulk or Dolk. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk WIKI]

'''the inconvenient Dilemma of stepping in as a Gentleman must''' 
inconvenient, once again, as interacting with life, here almost a foreshadowing of what the Chums of Chance do from [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience Inconvenience] the airship, in ATD.

==Page 401==
'''bum-bailiff''' 
an officer: The French pousse-cul seems to favour the notion that bum-bailiff is no corruption. These officers are frequently referred to as bums. “Scout me for him at the corner of the orchard, like a bum-bailiff.” Shakespeare: Twelfth Night, iii. 4.--[http://www.bartleby.com/81/2655.html Brewer Dictionary of Phrase and Fable].

'''Cadastral Surveyor''' 
Surveyor of property lines and boundaries

==Page 402==
'''"Cad! Ass? - Eeeoo!"''' 
Amelia misunderstands Mason to be a surveyor of cad (young, roguish sorts) ass - This is a roundabout pun on the old "Butt Pirate," I presume.

'''"Quotha."''' 
Indeed - archaic variation of modern slang "true that" or "amen" - in other words, the word is saying agreeably "quoth he" or "quoth she"

==Page 403==
'''Sobriquet''' 
A sobriquet (pronounced so-brik-ay or so-brik-et) is a nickname or a fancy name, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. It is usually a familiar name, distinct from a pseudonym assumed as a disguise, but a nickname which is familiar enough such that it can be used in place of a real name without the need of explanation. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet WIKI]

'''The Telescope stands...''' 
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg map of Brooklyn from 1766] 
I would guess that they are a little north the "Brookland Ferry" on this map. But, would that be enough elevations that the telescope is pointing "down?" 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Drawing_View_of_the_City_of_New_York_1770-1779.jpg This drawing] from the 1770s shows a veiw from Brooklyn. Might even be the inspiration for the location.

'''White-Hall Slip''' 
Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant; when the British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch, they christened the street and the building "Whitehall" for England's seat of government, Whitehall, London. On the Castello map (1660, illustration) Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River. The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century Nieuw Amsterdam/New York are seen to extend behind it, laid out in a patterned parterre of four squares. Other grounds in the center of blocks behind houses are commons and market gardens. The mansion is long since gone, and now the name survives only as the short north-south Whitehall Street. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehall_Street_(Manhattan) WIKI]

'''Governor's Island''' 
First named by the Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, it was called Noten Eylant (and later in pidgin language Nutten Island) from 1611 to 1784. The island's current name—made official eight years after the 1776 Declaration of Independence—stems from British colonial times when the colonial assembly reserved the island for the exclusive use of New York's royal governors. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%27s_Island WIKI]

==Page 404==
'''Republican fogs''' 
In recent years a debate has developed over its role in the American Revolution and in the British radicalism of the eighteenth century. For many decades the consensus was that liberalism, especially that of John Locke, was paramount and that republicanism had a distinctly secondary role. The new interpretations were pioneered by J.G.A. Pocock who argued in The Machiavellian Moment (1975) that, at least in the early eighteenth-century, republican ideas were just as important as liberal ones. Pocock's view is now widely accepted. Bernard Bailyn and Gordon Wood pioneered the argument that the American Founding Fathers were more influenced by republicanism than they were by liberalism. Cornell University Professor Isaac Kramnick, on the other hand, argues that Americans have always been highly individualistic and therefore Lockean. In the decades before the American Revolution (1776), the intellectual and political leaders of the colonies studied history intently, looking for guides or models for good (and bad) government. They especially followed the development of republican ideas in England... The commitment of most Americans to these republican values made inevitable the American Revolution, for Britain was increasingly seen as corrupt and hostile to republicanism, and a threat to the established liberties the Americans enjoyed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism WIKI]

'''Virtual Representation''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

'''Bengal''' 
Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, বাংলা Bangla, বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh or বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent. The region of Bengal is one of the most densely populated regions on earth... Most of the Bengal region lies in the low-lying Ganges–Brahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta, the world's largest delta. In the southern part of the delta lies the Sundarbans—the world's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger. Though the population of the region is mostly rural and agrarian, two megacities, Kolkata (previously Calcutta) and Dhaka (previously Dacca), are located in Bengal. The Bengal region is renowned for its rich literary and cultural heritage as well as its immense contribution to the socio-cultural uplift of Indian society in the form of the Bengal Renaissance, and revolutionary activities during the Indian independence movement. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal WIKI]

'''Night of the Black Hole''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196].

==Page 405==
'''Mr. Garrick''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_18:_183-189#Page_184 184] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_21:_207-214#Page_214 214].

'''Whitefield''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_3:_14-29#Page_14 14] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260].

==Page 406==
'''"Coffee-House Cabals"... "We are in correspondence."''' 
In 1765, after the Stamp Act, people in the New York area formed the Sons of Liberty, these gentlemen are probably them. More on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence Committees of Correspondence.]

==Page 407==
'''Sophistry''' 
A sophism is taken as a specious argument used for deceiving someone. It might be crafted to seem logical while actually being wrong, or it might use difficult words and complicated sentences to intimidate the audience into agreeing, or it might appeal to the audience's prejudices and emotions rather than logic, i.e. raising doubts towards the one asserting, rather than his assertion. The goal of a sophism is often to make the audience believe the writer or speaker to be smarter than he or she actually is, e.g., accusing another of sophistry for using persuasion techniques. An Ad Hominem argument is an example of Sophistry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophistry WIKI]

'''Dragoons''' 
An exception to the rule was the British Army. In order to cut the state's military budget, all Horse (cavalry) regiments were gradually demoted to the status of Dragoons from 1746 onwards--a change that placed them on a lower pay scale. When this change was completed in 1788, the heavy cavalry regiments had become known as either Dragoon Guards or Heavy Dragoons (depending on their precedence). The designation of Dragoon Guards did not mean that these regiments (the former 2nd to 8th Horse) had become Household Troops, but simply that they had been given a more dignified designation to compensate for the loss of pay and prestige. Starting in 1756, seven regiments of Light Dragoons were raised. These Light Dragoons were trained in reconnaissance, skirmishing and other work requiring endurance in accordance with contemporary standards of light cavalry performance. The success of this new class of cavalry was such that that 8 regular Dragoon regiments were converted to Light Dragoons between 1768 and 1783. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragoons WIKI]

'''Wolfe... Martyr of Quebec''' [[File:Wolfesdeath.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''The Death of General Wolfe'' by Benjamin West. Oil on canvas, 1770.]]
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

Historian Francis Parkman describes the death of Wolfe:

They asked him [Wolfe] if he would have a surgeon; but he shook his head, and answered that all was over with him. His eyes closed with the torpor of approaching death, and those around sustained his fainting form. Yet they could not withhold their gaze from the wild turmoil before them, and the charging ranks of their companions rushing though the line of fire and smoke.

"See how they run." one of the officers exclaimed, as the French fled in confusion before the leveled bayonets.

"Who run?" demanded Wolfe, opening his eyes like a man aroused from sleep.

"The enemy, sir," was the reply; "they give way everywhere."

"Then," said the dying general, "tell Colonel River, to cut off their retreat from the bridge. Now, God be praised, I die contented," he murmured; and, turning on his side, he calmly breathed his last breath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

==Page 408==
'''Capt. V.''' 
Captain Volcanoe abbreviated in what seems to be a Pynchon allusion to V. and other V-named characters in his works. See ATD.

'''Wednesday Morning''' 
Well, [[1765#February|February]] 20th was a Wednesday. However, the Journals show Mason traveling from Long Island back to Staten Island and then the Jerseys on the 21st. 

'''the Jerseys''' 
Settlement for the first 10 years of English rule was in the Hudson River region and came primarily from New England. On March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his half of the colony to Quakers in England (with William Penn acting as trustee for a time), who settled the Delaware Valley region as a Quaker colony. New Jersey was governed very briefly as two distinct provinces, East and West Jersey, for 28 years between 1674 and 1702. In 1702, the two provinces were reunited under a royal, rather than a proprietary, governor. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey WIKI]

'''Met some boys,''' 
Sunday,[[1765#February|February]] 24, 1765. 
The text of the Journal follows the passage as Pynchon gives it, but adds: "...However I got up as did my Horse after some time and I led him by the Meeting House, (the Friends pouring out) very serene, as if all had been well. But" and it cuts off with with word "But". 

'''All thro' the Monday he lies in bed...''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 25, 1765.<br.

'''Horses may detect Spirits invisible to human Sensoria''' 
See the mysterious horses in ATD.

==Page 409==
'''I Corinthians, Chapter 15''' 
[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#Chapter_15 here]

"39 All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. 40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another. 41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. 42 So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption: 43 It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power: 44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body."

See, also [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 40: 399-409

2011-07-05T02:23:40Z

Lorenz: /* Page 401 */ wrong page; shifted to 400

==Page 399==

'''Mason leaves the Forks of Brandywine''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 11, 1765. 

'''arriving in New-York by way of the Staten Island Ferry''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 16, 1765.

New York City grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. The city hosted the seminal John Peter Zenger trial in 1735, helping to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by George II of Great Britain as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October of 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City WIKI]

In the 1700s ferry service between Staten Island and the city of New York (then occupying only the southern tip of Manhattan) was conducted by private individuals with "periaugers", shallow-draft, two-masted sailboats used for local traffic in New York harbor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_island_ferry WIKI]

'''Trinity Church... where he will attend services on Sunday.''' 
on Sunday, [[1765#February|February]] 17, 1765

Trinity Church (also known as Trinity Wall Street) at 79 Broadway, New York City, is an historic, full-service parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Trinity Church is located at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in downtown Manhattan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church_(New_York_City) WIKI]

'''But then there is Monday Night.''' 
Monday, [[1765#February|February]] 17, 1765 

'''Presently he has fallen in...''' 
The journals indicate that this is [[1765#February|February]] 19, 1765, since the next day is marked as "In Long Island." 

'''Brooklyn''' 
In 1683, the British reorganized the Province of New York into twelve counties, each of which was sub-divided into towns. Over time, the name evolved from Breuckelen, to Brockland, to Brocklin, to Brookline, and eventually, to Brooklyn. Kings County was one of the original counties, and Brooklyn was one of the original six towns within Kings County. The county was named in honor of King Charles II of England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn WIKI]

'''Pearl-Street''' 
The name Pearl Street is an English translation of the Dutch Parelstraat (written as Paerlstraet around 1660). This street along the eastern shore of New Amsterdam was named for the many oysters found in the river. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Street WIKI]

'''Styx''' 
The River Styx (Greek: Στύξ, Stux, also meaning "hate" and "detestation") was a river in Greek mythology which formed the boundary between Earth and the Underworld (often called Hades which is also the name of this domain's ruler). It circles the Underworld nine times. The rivers Styx, Phlegethon, Acheron and Cocytus all converge at the center of the underworld on a great marsh. The other important rivers of the underworld are Lethe and Eridanos, and Alpheus, a real river that runs in Italy partially underground and undersea. The ferryman was called Charon (also spelled Kharon in older texts). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styx WIKI]

==Page 400==
'''ornamental Dirk''' 
Dirk is a Scots word for a short dagger; sometimes a cut-down sword blade mounted on a dagger hilt, rather than a knife blade. The word dirk could have possibly derived from the Gaelic word sgian dearg (red knife), via dearg [ˈdʒʲɛrəɡ],[dubious – discuss] shifting to Scots "dirk" [ˈdɪɾk]. It may also have been a corruption of the Low German terms Dulk or Dolk. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk WIKI]

==Page 401==
'''bum-bailiff''' 
an officer: The French pousse-cul seems to favour the notion that bum-bailiff is no corruption. These officers are frequently referred to as bums. “Scout me for him at the corner of the orchard, like a bum-bailiff.” Shakespeare: Twelfth Night, iii. 4.--[http://www.bartleby.com/81/2655.html Brewer Dictionary of Phrase and Fable].

'''Cadastral Surveyor''' 
Surveyor of property lines and boundaries

==Page 402==
'''"Cad! Ass? - Eeeoo!"''' 
Amelia misunderstands Mason to be a surveyor of cad (young, roguish sorts) ass - This is a roundabout pun on the old "Butt Pirate," I presume.

'''"Quotha."''' 
Indeed - archaic variation of modern slang "true that" or "amen" - in other words, the word is saying agreeably "quoth he" or "quoth she"

==Page 403==
'''Sobriquet''' 
A sobriquet (pronounced so-brik-ay or so-brik-et) is a nickname or a fancy name, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. It is usually a familiar name, distinct from a pseudonym assumed as a disguise, but a nickname which is familiar enough such that it can be used in place of a real name without the need of explanation. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet WIKI]

'''The Telescope stands...''' 
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg map of Brooklyn from 1766] 
I would guess that they are a little north the "Brookland Ferry" on this map. But, would that be enough elevations that the telescope is pointing "down?" 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Drawing_View_of_the_City_of_New_York_1770-1779.jpg This drawing] from the 1770s shows a veiw from Brooklyn. Might even be the inspiration for the location.

'''White-Hall Slip''' 
Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant; when the British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch, they christened the street and the building "Whitehall" for England's seat of government, Whitehall, London. On the Castello map (1660, illustration) Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River. The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century Nieuw Amsterdam/New York are seen to extend behind it, laid out in a patterned parterre of four squares. Other grounds in the center of blocks behind houses are commons and market gardens. The mansion is long since gone, and now the name survives only as the short north-south Whitehall Street. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehall_Street_(Manhattan) WIKI]

'''Governor's Island''' 
First named by the Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, it was called Noten Eylant (and later in pidgin language Nutten Island) from 1611 to 1784. The island's current name—made official eight years after the 1776 Declaration of Independence—stems from British colonial times when the colonial assembly reserved the island for the exclusive use of New York's royal governors. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%27s_Island WIKI]

==Page 404==
'''Republican fogs''' 
In recent years a debate has developed over its role in the American Revolution and in the British radicalism of the eighteenth century. For many decades the consensus was that liberalism, especially that of John Locke, was paramount and that republicanism had a distinctly secondary role. The new interpretations were pioneered by J.G.A. Pocock who argued in The Machiavellian Moment (1975) that, at least in the early eighteenth-century, republican ideas were just as important as liberal ones. Pocock's view is now widely accepted. Bernard Bailyn and Gordon Wood pioneered the argument that the American Founding Fathers were more influenced by republicanism than they were by liberalism. Cornell University Professor Isaac Kramnick, on the other hand, argues that Americans have always been highly individualistic and therefore Lockean. In the decades before the American Revolution (1776), the intellectual and political leaders of the colonies studied history intently, looking for guides or models for good (and bad) government. They especially followed the development of republican ideas in England... The commitment of most Americans to these republican values made inevitable the American Revolution, for Britain was increasingly seen as corrupt and hostile to republicanism, and a threat to the established liberties the Americans enjoyed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism WIKI]

'''Virtual Representation''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

'''Bengal''' 
Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, বাংলা Bangla, বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh or বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent. The region of Bengal is one of the most densely populated regions on earth... Most of the Bengal region lies in the low-lying Ganges–Brahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta, the world's largest delta. In the southern part of the delta lies the Sundarbans—the world's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger. Though the population of the region is mostly rural and agrarian, two megacities, Kolkata (previously Calcutta) and Dhaka (previously Dacca), are located in Bengal. The Bengal region is renowned for its rich literary and cultural heritage as well as its immense contribution to the socio-cultural uplift of Indian society in the form of the Bengal Renaissance, and revolutionary activities during the Indian independence movement. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal WIKI]

'''Night of the Black Hole''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196].

==Page 405==
'''Mr. Garrick''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_18:_183-189#Page_184 184] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_21:_207-214#Page_214 214].

'''Whitefield''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_3:_14-29#Page_14 14] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260].

==Page 406==
'''"Coffee-House Cabals"... "We are in correspondence."''' 
In 1765, after the Stamp Act, people in the New York area formed the Sons of Liberty, these gentlemen are probably them. More on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence Committees of Correspondence.]

==Page 407==
'''Sophistry''' 
A sophism is taken as a specious argument used for deceiving someone. It might be crafted to seem logical while actually being wrong, or it might use difficult words and complicated sentences to intimidate the audience into agreeing, or it might appeal to the audience's prejudices and emotions rather than logic, i.e. raising doubts towards the one asserting, rather than his assertion. The goal of a sophism is often to make the audience believe the writer or speaker to be smarter than he or she actually is, e.g., accusing another of sophistry for using persuasion techniques. An Ad Hominem argument is an example of Sophistry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophistry WIKI]

'''Dragoons''' 
An exception to the rule was the British Army. In order to cut the state's military budget, all Horse (cavalry) regiments were gradually demoted to the status of Dragoons from 1746 onwards--a change that placed them on a lower pay scale. When this change was completed in 1788, the heavy cavalry regiments had become known as either Dragoon Guards or Heavy Dragoons (depending on their precedence). The designation of Dragoon Guards did not mean that these regiments (the former 2nd to 8th Horse) had become Household Troops, but simply that they had been given a more dignified designation to compensate for the loss of pay and prestige. Starting in 1756, seven regiments of Light Dragoons were raised. These Light Dragoons were trained in reconnaissance, skirmishing and other work requiring endurance in accordance with contemporary standards of light cavalry performance. The success of this new class of cavalry was such that that 8 regular Dragoon regiments were converted to Light Dragoons between 1768 and 1783. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragoons WIKI]

'''Wolfe... Martyr of Quebec''' [[File:Wolfesdeath.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''The Death of General Wolfe'' by Benjamin West. Oil on canvas, 1770.]]
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

Historian Francis Parkman describes the death of Wolfe:

They asked him [Wolfe] if he would have a surgeon; but he shook his head, and answered that all was over with him. His eyes closed with the torpor of approaching death, and those around sustained his fainting form. Yet they could not withhold their gaze from the wild turmoil before them, and the charging ranks of their companions rushing though the line of fire and smoke.

"See how they run." one of the officers exclaimed, as the French fled in confusion before the leveled bayonets.

"Who run?" demanded Wolfe, opening his eyes like a man aroused from sleep.

"The enemy, sir," was the reply; "they give way everywhere."

"Then," said the dying general, "tell Colonel River, to cut off their retreat from the bridge. Now, God be praised, I die contented," he murmured; and, turning on his side, he calmly breathed his last breath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

==Page 408==
'''Capt. V.''' 
Captain Volcanoe abbreviated in what seems to be a Pynchon allusion to V. and other V-named characters in his works. See ATD.

'''Wednesday Morning''' 
Well, [[1765#February|February]] 20th was a Wednesday. However, the Journals show Mason traveling from Long Island back to Staten Island and then the Jerseys on the 21st. 

'''the Jerseys''' 
Settlement for the first 10 years of English rule was in the Hudson River region and came primarily from New England. On March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his half of the colony to Quakers in England (with William Penn acting as trustee for a time), who settled the Delaware Valley region as a Quaker colony. New Jersey was governed very briefly as two distinct provinces, East and West Jersey, for 28 years between 1674 and 1702. In 1702, the two provinces were reunited under a royal, rather than a proprietary, governor. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey WIKI]

'''Met some boys,''' 
Sunday,[[1765#February|February]] 24, 1765. 
The text of the Journal follows the passage as Pynchon gives it, but adds: "...However I got up as did my Horse after some time and I led him by the Meeting House, (the Friends pouring out) very serene, as if all had been well. But" and it cuts off with with word "But". 

'''All thro' the Monday he lies in bed...''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 25, 1765.<br.

'''Horses may detect Spirits invisible to human Sensoria''' 
See the mysterious horses in ATD.

==Page 409==
'''I Corinthians, Chapter 15''' 
[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#Chapter_15 here]

"39 All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. 40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another. 41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. 42 So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption: 43 It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power: 44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body."

See, also [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2011-07-03T01:20:44Z

Lorenz: /* Page 381 */

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

See also [http://music.calarts.edu/~sroberts/articles/DeVaucanson.duck.html Elaboration & Illustration], [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
Squire Haligast

More likely to be Armand, non?

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72.66 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
The Ducklings' Fantasy

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying esses ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid").

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
The duck is sort of similar to Emerson's watch, which would basically blow up if someone tried to take it apart (to figure out how it worked)

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Wait, Flattering

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Pond Bug Étouffée

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupcon de Trop''' 
The Overly Suspicious

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2011-07-02T22:09:19Z

Lorenz: /* Page 373 */

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

See also [http://music.calarts.edu/~sroberts/articles/DeVaucanson.duck.html Elaboration & Illustration], [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
Squire Haligast

More likely to be Armand, non?

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72.66 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
The Ducklings' Fantasy

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying esses ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid").

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
The duck is sort of similar to Emerson's watch, which would basically blow up if someone tried to take it apart (to figure out how it worked)

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Wait, Flattering

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Pond Bug Étouffée

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupcon de Trop''' 
The Overly Suspicious

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
Seee page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 35: 349-361

2011-07-02T01:36:06Z

Lorenz: /* Page 354 */

==Page 349==
'''quidnunc''' 
A gossip or busybody; an ever-curious questioner; newsmonger

'''Mr. Gibbon''' 
Edward Gibbon (April 27, 1737[1] – January 16, 1794) was an English historian and Member of Parliament. His most important work, ''The History of the Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire'', was published in six volumes between 1776 and 1788. The History is known principally for the quality and irony of its prose, its use of primary sources, and its open denigration of organised religion, though the extent of this is disputed by some critics. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Gibbon WIKI]

'''Jack Mandeville''' 
Bernard Mandeville, or Bernard de Mandeville (15 November 1670, Rotterdam – 21 January 1733, Hackney), was a philosopher, political economist and satirist. Born in the Netherlands, he lived most of his life in England and used English for most of his published works. He became famous (or infamous) for ''The Fable of the Bees''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard_Mandeville WIKI]

'''Captain John Smith''' 
Captain John Smith (c. January 1580 – June 21, 1631) Admiral of New England was an English soldier, explorer, and author. He is remembered for his role in establishing the first permanent English settlement in North America at Jamestown, Virginia, and his brief association with the Virginia Indian girl Pocahontas during an altercation with the Powhatan Confederacy and her father, Chief Powhatan. He was a leader of the Virginia Colony (based at Jamestown) between September 1608 and August 1609, and led an exploration along the rivers of Virginia and the Chesapeake Bay. His books and maps may have been as important as his deeds, as they encouraged more Englishmen and women to follow the trail he had blazed and colonize the New World. He gave the name New England to that region, and encouraged people with the comment, "Here every man may be master and owner of his owne labour and land...If he have nothing but his hands, he may...by industrie quickly grow rich." His message attracted millions of people in the next four centuries. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Captain_John_Smith WIKI]

==Page 350==
'''Baron Munchausen''' 
Karl Friedrich Hieronymus, Freiherr von Münchhausen (11 May 1720 – 22 February 1797) (often spelled Munchausen in English) was a German baron born in Bodenwerder, who in his youth was sent to serve as page to Anthony Ulrich II of Brunswick-Wolfenbüttel, and later joined the Russian military. He served until 1750, in particular taking part in two campaigns against the Ottoman Turks. Returning home, Münchhausen supposedly told a number of outrageous tall tales about his adventures. He died in his birthplace of Bodenwerder. According to the stories, as retold by others, the Baron's astounding feats included riding cannonballs, travelling to the Moon, and escaping from a swamp by pulling himself up by his own hair (or bootstraps, depending on who tells the story). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron_M%C3%BCnchhausen WIKI]

'''Herodotus''' 
Herodotus of Halicarnassus (Greek: Ἡρόδοτος Ἁλικαρνᾱσσεύς Hēródotos Halikarnāsseús) was a Greek historian who lived in the 5th century BC (c. 484 BC – c. 425 BC) and is regarded as the "Father of History" in Western culture. He was the first historian known to collect his materials systematically, test their accuracy to a certain extent and arrange them in a well-constructed and vivid narrative. He is almost exclusively known for writing ''The Histories'', a record of his "inquiries" (or ἱστορίαι, a word that passed into Latin and took on its modern meaning of history) into the origins of the Greco-Persian Wars which occurred in 490 and 480-479 BC—especially since he includes a narrative account of that period, which would otherwise be poorly documented; and many long digressions concerning the various places and peoples he encountered during wide-ranging travels around the lands of the Mediterranean and Black Sea. Although some of his stories were not completely accurate, he claimed that he was reporting only what had been told to him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herodotus WIKI]

'''certain Egyptian Deity''' 
???

'''AEsop''' 
Aesop (also spelled Æsop or Esop, from the Greek Αἴσωπος—Aisōpos) (620-560 BC), known only for the genre of fables ascribed to him, was by tradition a slave (δούλος) who was a contemporary of Croesus and Peisistratus in the mid-sixth century BC in ancient Greece. The various collections that go under the rubric "Aesop's Fables" are still taught as moral lessons and used as subjects for various entertainments, especially children's plays and cartoons. Most of what are known as Aesopic fables is a compilation of tales from various sources, many of which originated with authors who lived long before Aesop. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aesop WIKI]

==Page 351==

''''Novel'... Britain's Bedlam ... French Salpêtriére''' 
Two early mental asylums, both quite horrific. The suggestion, of course, is that readers of novels like ''Mason & Dixon'' will drive themselves crazy by indulging in such fantasies (also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_321 321] - R.C. entry)

The Bethlem Royal Hospital of London is a psychiatric hospital in Beckenham, south east London. Although no longer in its original location and buildings, it is recognised as the world's first and oldest institution to specialise in the mentally ill. It has been variously known as St. Mary Bethlehem, Bethlem Hospital, Bethlehem Hospital and Bedlam. The word bedlam, meaning uproar and confusion, is derived from its name. Although the hospital is now at the forefront of humane psychiatric treatment, for much of its history it was notorious for cruelty and inhumane treatment – the epitome of what the term "madhouse" connotes to the modern reader. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedlam WIKI]

The Salpêtrière was originally a gunpowder factory ("salpêtre" being a constituent of gunpowder), but was converted to a dumping ground for the poor of Paris. It served as a prison for prostitutes, and a holding place for the mentally disabled, criminally insane, epileptics, and the poor; it was also notable for its famous population of rats. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salpetriere WIKI]

'''Dr. Johnson''' [[File:Samuel_Johnson.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Samuel Johnson c. 1772,
painted by Sir Joshua Reynolds]]Samuel Johnson (18 September 1709 [O.S. 7 September] – 13 December 1784), often referred to as Dr. Johnson, was an English author who made lasting contributions to English literature as a poet, essayist, moralist, novelist, literary critic, biographer, editor and lexicographer. Johnson was a devout Anglican and political conservative, and has been described as "arguably the most distinguished man of letters in English history". He is also the subject of "the most famous single work of biographical art in the whole of literature": James Boswell's ''Life of Samuel Johnson''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Johnson WIKI]

'''Walpole''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_74 74].

==Page 352==
'''Invisible Snake Trick''' 
Is there really something called the Invisible Snake Trick, or is this pure joshing (à la ''Get Smart'': "the old Invisible Snake Trick, eh?")? Curiously, [[Aunt Euphrenia]], hoisting an oboe, follows this witty braggadocio by playing “a sinuous Air full of exotick sharps and flats” – perhaps this “sinuous Air” is, itself, the Invisible Snake. And the Trick? Note that once she starts playing, “The Company redeploy themselves in the direction of Comfort” – it’s as if she’s charmed her challengers into wandering away from her and the dispute.

Note that the novel frequently mentions [[I#invisible|invisible]] forces.

'''Octarara Creek''' 
Octoraro Creek is the last significant tributary of the Susquehanna River. The Octoraro rises as an East and West Branch in Pennsylvania. The East Branch forms the southern half of the border between Lancaster and Chester counties until it crosses the Mason-Dixon line. The creek winds through northwestern Cecil County, Maryland before joining the Susquehanna. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Octoraro_Creek WIKI]

'''the War''' 
The American Revolutionary War (1775–1783), also sometimes known as the American War of Independence, began as a war between the Kingdom of Great Britain and thirteen united former British colonies in North America, and concluded in a global war between several European great powers. The war was the culmination of the political American Revolution, whereby the colonists rejected the right of the Parliament of Great Britain to govern them without representation, claiming that this violated the Rights of Englishmen. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Revolutionary_War WIKI]

'''Sedan Chairs''' 
[[Image:Sedan-Chair.jpg|thumb|Sedan chair|right]]
"a chair or windowed cabin suitable for a single occupant, also carried by at least two porters in front and behind, using wooden rails that pass through brackets on the sides of the chair" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Litter_%28vehicle%29 Wikipedia]

'''Saint Nicholas''' 
Santa Claus, also known as Saint Nicholas, Father Christmas, Kris Kringle or simply "Santa", is the legendary and mythical figure who, in many Western cultures, brings gifts to the homes of the good children during the late evening and overnight hours of Christmas Eve, December 24 or on his Feast Day, December 6 (Saint Nicholas Day). The legend may have part of its basis in hagiographical tales concerning the historical figure of gift giver Saint Nicholas... [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Santa_Claus WIKI]

Saint Nicholas (Greek: Άγιος Νικόλαος , Agios Nikolaos, "victory of the people") (270 - 6 December 346) is the common name for Nicholas of Myra, a saint and Bishop of Myra (in Lycia, part of modern-day Turkey). Because of the many miracles attributed to his intercession, he is also known as Nicholas the Wonderworker. He had a reputation for secret gift-giving, such as putting coins in the shoes of those who left them out for him, and thus became the model for Santa Claus, whose English name comes from the Dutch Sinterklaas. His reputation evolved among the faithful, as is common for early Christian saints. In 1087, his relics were furtively translated to Bari, in southern Italy; for this reason, he is also known as Nicholas of Bari. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_nicholas WIKI]

==Page 353==
'''I was back in America''' 
The Section from here until page 392 takes place from [[1765#January|January]] 11, 1765 to [[1765#January|January]] 17, 1765.

'''mesopotamian Mysticks of Kutztown or Bethlehem''' 
Kutztown is a borough in Berks County, Pennsylvania, 18 miles (29 km) west southwest of Allentown and 17 miles (27 km) northeast of Reading. George (Coots) Kutz purchased 130 acres (0.53 km2) of land that became on Kutztown on June 16, 1755 from Peter Wentz, who owned much of what is now Maxatawny Township. Kutz first laid out his plans for the town in 1779. The first lots in the new town of Cootstown (later renamed Kutztown) were purchased in 1785 by Adam Dietrich and Henry Schweier. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kutztown,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

Bethlehem is a city in Lehigh and Northampton Counties in the Lehigh Valley region of eastern Pennsylvania, in the United States. On Christmas Eve in 1741, David Nitschmann and Count Nicolaus von Zinzendorf, leading a small group of Moravians, founded the city of Bethlehem, Pennsylvania along the banks of the Monocacy Creek by the Lehigh River... Bethlehem became the headquarters of the Northern Province of the Moravian Church in North America after the Unity Synod of 1848. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bethlehem,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''"The Stamp Act Crisis"''' 
It's strange to note that the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765 Stamp Act] wasn't passed until [[1765#March|March]] 22, 1765. The Rev is setting the mood of the times but this is really only the dissatisfaction waiting for a trigger.

See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_395 395].

'''Chits''' 
Small notes, used as reminders for something (usually money) owed to someone

'''Business then, in this Province, Wagering included, was conducted overwhelmingly by way of Credit, - the Flow of Cash was not as important as Character, Duty, a complex structure of debt in which Favors, Forgiveness, Ignominy were much more likely than any repayment in Specie.''' 
Business here works much like Emerson's watch; see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_317 317].

==Page 354==
'''a Conveyance, wherein the inside is quite noticeably larger than the outside''' 
I wonder if this a reference to Dr. Who: "The TARDIS is a time machine and spacecraft in the British science fiction television programme Doctor Who. The name is an acronym of Time And Relative Dimension(s) In Space. A product of Time Lord technology, a properly maintained and piloted TARDIS can transport its occupants to any point in time and space. The interior of a TARDIS is much larger than its exterior, which can blend in with its surroundings through the ship's chameleon circuit" ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TARDIS Wikipedia]). [[Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_412|See also p. 412]]

Note to, the ''OED'' definition of tardis, which includes usage samples dating back to 1969:

:* Etymology: [< TARDIS (acronym < Time And Relative Dimensions In Space), the name in the science-fiction BBC television series Doctor Who (first broadcast in 1963) of a time machine outwardly resembling a police telephone box, yet inwardly much larger.]
:* Definition: In allusive use. Something resembling or likened to Doctor Who's TARDIS; spec.: (a) a thing which has a larger capacity than its outward appearance suggests; a building, etc., that is larger on the inside than it appears from the outside; (b) a thing seemingly from another time (past or future).

Note, too, that this is one in a series of supposed "paradoxes" that [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke]] presents to his audience, including the Möbius smoke ring ([[Chapter 34: 341-348#Page_345|ch. 34, p. 345]]). This same joke (?) is presented again regarding a cabin ([[Chapter 41: 410-421#Page_412|ch. 41, p. 412]]). Watch to see the audiences' reaction to these paradoxes. Are they growing progressively more tolerant of Wick's tall-tales?

This passage also makes me think of the book itself: An entity defined in three dimensions that contains within it many more objects, characters, events and intersecting ideas than would physically fit between its two covers, "some bearing loads, others merely decorative, still others serving as Cam-Surfaces guiding the motions of other Parts.--" I especially enjoy that "this fact cannot be appreciated until one is inside." In other words, you'll never truly appreciate the Byzantine genius of TRP until you 'get inside' one of his books.

This idea of a book or structure that is larger on the inside than it appears from the outside is also explored thoroughly in Mark Danielewski's novel ''House of Leaves'' [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Leaves WIKI]

'''game of All-Fours''' [[Image:AllFours.jpg|thumb|Couple playing All-Fours|right]]Card game, somewhat related to Whist; also known as “seven-up” or “old-sledge.” At the time of ''Mason & Dixon'', played for money. See this humorous article by Mark Twain: [http://www.twainquotes.com/Galaxy/187010d.html Science vs. Luck].

All-Fours, All-Fools, is an English tavern trick-taking card game dating from about the middle of the 17th century, and may have been adapted by the English from another typically low-class Dutch game. It was introduced to the United States in the 18th century and soon became the most popular game by the 1800s. It is considered the game responsible for attaching the name Jack in 1864 to what was formerly just a knave. The name derives from the fact that one card may count all fours: If the eldest hand holds the Jack, the dealer having neither trump, Ten, Ace, nor a court-card, then the Jack will be both High, Low, Jack, and Game in the hand of non-dealer. This combination gave name to the game of All-Fours. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/All-Fours WIKI]

'''Cisalleghenic''' 
The other side of the Allegheny river

A little confusion is possible here. The prefix -cis means on the nearer side to the speaker of the given object. If, however, Pynchon has based the phrase upon that used for the Thames in London, cispontine, it would refer to the northern side, which, in this case would be the other side.

==Page 355==
'''cap of white Lawn''' 
White lawn is a fabric. It can still be purchased by the yard.

'''introduce himself in a mucilaginous voice''' 
mucilaginous - I think the meaning here is "slimy" with the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke]] implying that [[E#Edgewise|Mr. Edgewise]] is a slime ball, hitting on these young, defenseless ladies--right in front of his wife, the cad... Is Wicks' portrayal of Mr. Edgewise tainted his gambling losses to Edgewise? Wicks' contrasting portraits of a sinful Edgewise vs. a saintly pair of [[R#Redzinger|Redzinger]]s provides some humor in this chapter.

==Page 356==
'''''net''''' 
German for "No" - the actual word is "nicht" pronounced "net". In other words, when she subsequently uses this, it is such: "You are one of these? The English Church, no?"

'''planet-wide Syncretism''' 
Syncretism consists of the attempt to reconcile disparate or contrary beliefs, often while melding practices of various schools of thought. The term may refer to attempts to merge and analogise several originally discrete traditions, especially in the theology and mythology of religion, and thus assert an underlying unity allowing for an inclusive approach to other faiths. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syncretism WIKI]

'''Kabbalist''' 
Kabbalah (Hebrew: קַבָּלָה‎, lit. "receiving") is a discipline and school of thought concerned with the mystical aspect of Judaism. It is a set of esoteric teachings that is meant to explain the relationship between an infinite, eternal and essentially unknowable Creator with the finite and mortal universe of His creation. In solving this paradox, Kabbalah seeks to define the nature of the universe and the human being, the nature and purpose of existence, and various other ontological questions. It also presents methods to aid understanding of these concepts and to thereby attain spiritual realization. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kabbalist WIKI]

'''Pietists''' 
followers of Pietism, "a movement within Lutheranism, lasting from the late-17th century to the mid-18th century. It proved to be very influential throughout Protestantism and Anabaptism, inspiring not only Anglican priest John Wesley to begin the Methodist movement, but also Alexander Mack to begin the Brethren movement. The Pietist movement combined the Lutheran emphasis on Biblical doctrine with the Reformed, and especially Puritan, emphasis on individual piety, and a vigorous Christian life" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pietism Wikipedia]

'''being between preferments''' 
I believe that preferments, here, refers to claims (to, for example, a monetary payment or land holding). See also, interprebendary later on this page.

Preferment- advancement or promotion (esp in the church)

'''interprebendary''' 
“Not in the dictionary, prebendary is described as someone who receives a stipend from a cathedral or collegiate church in England. Perhaps Wicks used this word because he was receiving stipends from more than one church” – Toby Levy’s [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf ''Mason & Dixon Three Pages a Day'']

Note that "inter" could also mean "between" (rather than "among" or "in the midst of"), in which case this term would suggest that Wicks is inbetween payments.

What does this mean: "... after promising a Certain Deity that I would refrain" [from using the term "interprebendary"]? Looking into this, but it may simply be about the $$$, in other words, when tied in with his comment about Herodotus on pg. 350 ("in his refusal to utter the name of a certain Egyptian Diety"), is it possible that Wicks promised God he wouldnt use that word because it framed his need for monetary payment (business-like), esp. to someone outside the establishment or of the flock? In other words, as if the Church were buying his allegiance, or faith?

'''the Gambler''' 
Pot calling the kettle black?

'''Frau Luise Redzinger, of Coniwingo''' 
Conowingo is a small community in western Cecil County, Maryland, USA. Conowingo is a Susquehannock word for "at the rapids". Conowingo was originally located on the eastern bank of the Susquehanna River at the confluence of the Conowingo Creek with the river. Conowingo was at the rapids that were the first navigation obstacle on the Susquehanna upstream of the Chesapeake Bay, the location of an early stretch of canal. It was also the site of the Conowingo Bridge. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conowingo,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Putzing''' 
Checking out the neighbors' putz--Moravian/Pennsylvanian Dutch Nativity scenes, often quite elaborate. Described well by the [http://www.easthillsmc.org/putz.html East Hills Moravian Church].

==Page 357==
'''the Communication''' 
A term that Wicks uses for the road(s) leading to Philadelphia

'''Jehu son of Nimshi''' 
Reference to [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=12&chapter=9&verse=19&end_verse=21&version=50&context=context 2 Kings 9:20], wherein Jehu--a king of Israel--drives a chariot to battle with fury: "So the watchman reported, saying, 'He went up to them and is not coming back; and the driving is like the driving of Jehu the son of Nimshi, for he drives furiously!'" A couple of on-line dictionaries categorize this as a colloquial phrase.

==Page 358==
'''Bines''' 
A bine is a climbing plant which climbs by its shoots growing in a helix around a support. It is distinct from a vine, which climbs using tendrils or suckers. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bine_(botany) WIKI]

'''Certain herbal essences in massive influxion... have long been known and commented upon, as occasions of God-revealing''' 
Wicks here is most likely referring to the effects of ethylene (as found out later): Ethylene acts physiologically as a hormone in plants. It exists as a gas and acts at trace levels throughout the life of the plant by stimulating or regulating the ripening of fruit, the opening of flowers, and the abscission (or shedding) of leaves... In mild doses, ethylene produces states of euphoria, associated with stimulus to the pleasure centers of the human brain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethylene WIKI] - Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_311 311] re: Delphic Vapors. In addition hops contain dimethylvinyl carbinol which is said to, in humans, possess sedative and hypnotic effects similar to ethanol, through ingestion or inhalation. It was previously used in medicine for this purpose. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Methyl-2-butanol WIKI]

'''Cagliostro''' 
Count Alessandro di Cagliostro (2 June 1743 – 26 August 1795) was the alias for the occultist Giuseppe Balsamo (also called Joseph Balsamo), an Italian adventurer. Cagliostro himself stated during the trial following the Affair of the Diamond Necklace to have been born of Christians of noble birth, but abandoned as an orphan upon the island of Malta. He claimed to have travelled as a child to Medina, Mecca, and Cairo, and upon return to Malta to have been initiated into the Sovereign Military Order of the Knights of Malta, with whom he studied alchemy, the Kabbalah and magic, but this may be nothing more than the typical mystical background asserted by many impostors and charlatans throughout history—Goethe classifies this as "silly fairy-tales". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cagliostro WIKI]

'''Comte de St.-Germain''' 
The Count of St. Germain (fl. 1710–1784) has been variously described as a courtier, adventurer, charlatan, inventor, alchemist, pianist, violinist and amateur composer, but is best known as a recurring figure in the stories of several strands of occultism – particularly those connected to Theosophy and the White Eagle Lodge, where he is also referred to as the Master Rakoczi or the Master R and as one of the Masters of the Ancient Wisdom, is credited with near god-like powers and longevity. Some sources write that his name is not familial, but was invented by him as a French version of the Latin Sanctus Germanus, meaning "Holy Brother." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comte_de_St._Germain WIKI]

'''Adam Weishaupt''' 
Johann Adam Weishaupt (February 6, 1748 in Ingolstadt – November 18, 1830 in Gotha) was a German philosopher and founder of the Order of Illuminati, a secret society with origins in Bavaria. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam_Weishaupt WIKI]

'''Munchausen''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_350 350].

'''Illuminati''' 
Illuminati (plural of Latin illuminatus, "enlightened") is a name that refers to several groups, both historical and modern, and both real and fictitious. Historically, it refers specifically to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on May 1, 1776 by Jesuit-taught Adam Weishaupt (d. 1830), who was the first lay professor of canon law at the University of Ingolstadt. The movement was made up of freethinkers, as an offshoot of the Enlightenment. Writers at the time, such as Seth Payson, believed the movement represented a conspiracy to infiltrate and overthrow the governments of European states. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Illuminati WIKI]

'''Elect Cohens''' 
In 1765 Jacques de Livron Joachim de la Tour de la Casa Martinez de Pasqually established the Ordre des Chevelier Maçons Élus Cohen de L’Univers (Order of Knight-Masons Elect Priests of the Universe), which functioned as a regular Masonic obedience in France. This order had three sets of degrees: the first were analogous to the symbolic degrees of conventional Freemasonry. The second were generally Masonic, though hinting at Pasqually's own secret doctrine. The third set were blatantly magical: for example by using exorcisms against evil in the world generally and in the individual specifically. In the highest degree, the Reaux-Croix, the initiate was taught to use Theurgy to contact spiritual realms beyond the physical. De Pasqually put forth the philosophy underlying the work of the Elus Cohens in his only book, ''Treatise on the Reintegration of Human Beings'' which first uses the analogy of the Garden of Eden, and refers to Christ as "The Repairer". The ultimate aim of the Elus Cohen was to attain - whilst living - the Beatific Vision, through a series of magical invocations and complex theurgic operations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinism WIKI]

==Page 359==
'''Cock Lane Ghost''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_18:_183-189#Page_183 183].

'''''aus dem Kipp''''' 
from the Tilt

I am going to guess that this means he is "armed for battle" with his new religion, though I guess it could also mean he could be under the effects of the hops again? Or a bit of both

'''anywhere two or more Germans may be gathered together''' 
Reference to [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=matthew%2018:20&version=KJV Matthew 18:20]

'''Tales of the Pit''' 
Funny phrase; is it a reference to something specific outside the text?

This is most likely a major reach, but just following up one someone's earlier thoughts (also see pg.361) in relation to this Carriage Ride in reference to Dr. Who/TARDIS. See this [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Pit_(Doctor_Who) LINK].

'''Quit-rent''' 
Quit-rent is a form of tax or land tax imposed on freehold or leased land by a higher landowning authority, usually government or its assigns. Under feudal law, the payment of quit rent freed the tenant of a holding from the obligation to perform such other services as were obligatory under feudal tenure. In post-feudal times, quit rents have continued to be imposed by some governments, usually attached to land grants as a form of land tax. The quit rent system was used frequently by colonial governments in the British empire. Many land grants in colonial America in the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries carried quit rent. Quit rents went on to be used in British colonies in Asia and elsewhere in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quit-rent WIKI]

==Page 360==
'''Linnaeus''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_321 321].

'''Grodt''' 
Get Rich or Die Tryin'

'''Purveyor of Delusion''' 
Wicks' opinion of Mr. Edgewise, over the span of this carriage ride, just keeps spiraling downward.

'''Spruce Beer''' 
Spruce beer is a beverage flavored with the buds, needles, or essence of spruce trees. Spruce beer can refer to either alcoholic or non-alcoholic beverages. A number of flavors are associated with spruce-flavored beverages, ranging from floral, citrusy, and fruity to cola-like flavors to resinous and piney. This diversity in flavor likely comes from the choice of spruce species, the season in which the needles are harvested, and the manner of preparation. Spruce beer, despite its name, is - like Ginger beer and Root beer - not a type of beer. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spruce_beer WIKI]

==Page 361==
'''shall this Machine come abruptly to a Stop...only the Machine, fading as we stand, and a Prairie of desperate Immensity....''' 
The passage recalls the closing scene of ''Vineland'', in which ''Prairie'' Wheeler is lying on a meadow, waiting for Brock Vond to find her. He doesn't come though.

Again (following up on comments from page 354 (& 359), above), I wonder, too, if there is some sly reference ("only the machine, fading as we stand") to Dr. Who, in which the time machine/spacecraft TARDIS "can blend in with its surroundings through the ship's chameleon circuit" ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TARDIS Wikipedia]).

Also, perhaps this is a bit of a presage in regard to the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steam_locomotive Locomotives] of the future, which would facilitate the development of the Midwest (prairies of immensity) and beyond...

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 27: 266-274

2011-06-26T06:09:48Z

Lorenz: /* Page 272 */

==Page 266==
'''Sprout Penn''' 
Franklin is refering to John Penn here (see particularly the final sentence below). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Penn_(governor) WIKI]: In 1763, Thomas Penn sent his nephew John Penn back to Pennsylvania to take over the governorship of the colony from Hamilton. The Penns were not displeased with Hamilton, but John Penn was finally prepared to claim a place in family affairs. He took the oath of office as governor—officially "lieutenant governor"—on 31 October 1763. The new governor faced many challenges: Pontiac's Rebellion, the Paxton Boys, border disputes with other colonies, controversy over the taxation of Penn family lands, and the efforts of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, led by Benjamin Franklin, to have the Penn proprietary government replaced with a royal government.

'''Mr. Allen''' 
Andrew Allen (June 1740 – March 7, 1825) was a lawyer and official from the Province of Pennsylvania. Born into an influential family, Allen initially favored the colonial cause in the American Revolution, and represented Pennsylvania in the Second Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776. Like many other wealthy elites in Pennsylvania, however, he resisted radical change, and became a Loyalist after the Declaration of Independence and the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Allen WIKI]

'''Milton''' 
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, author, polemicist and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem ''Paradise Lost'' and for his treatise condemning censorship, ''Areopagitica''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Milton WIKI]

'''the tinted lenses of Spectacles of his own Invention''' Benjamin Franklin invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifocals bifocals], but he seems to get credit here for also inventing sun glasses.

It is thought that the Chinese were the first to use tinted "sunglasses" to aid in treating conjunctivitis, however, apparently during the 17th century is when tinted lenses first became popular. See this [http://www.antiquespectacles.com/history/ages/through_the_ages.htm LINK] for an extremely thorough essay (with photos etc) on the history of glasses.

'''Godfrey's Cordial''' 
Noisy or demanding babies could be sedated with easily-available alcohol and/or opiates. Godfrey's Cordial—known colloquially as "Mother's Friend", (a syrup containing opium)—was a popular choice, but there were several other similar preparations. Many children died as a result of such dubious practices: "Opium killed far more infants through starvation than directly through overdose. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Dyer WIKI]

'''Bateman's Drops''' 
The use of invented names began early. In 1726 a patent was also granted to the makers of "Dr. Bateman's Pectoral Drops"; at least on the documents that survive, there was no Dr. Bateman. This was the enterprise of a Benjamin Okell and a group of promoters who owned a warehouse and a print shop to promote the product. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_medicine WIKI]

'''Hooper's Female Pills''' 
See [http://historywired.si.edu/object.cfm?ID=39 LINK]

==Page 267==
'''Daffy's Elixir''' 
[[Image:Daffys Elixir.jpg|thumb|Empty bottle of Daffy's Elixir|right]]
Daffy's Elixir is a name that has been given to several quack medicines over the years. One of the earliest of these elixirs was invented by clergyman Thomas Daffy (? - 1680) in 1647, named elixir salutis (lit. elixir of salvation) and promoted as a generic cure-all. A recipe for "True Daffy" from 1700 lists the following ingredients: aniseed, brandy, cochineal, elecampane, fennel seed, jalap, manna, parsley seed, raisin, rhubarb, saffron, senna and spanish liquorice. Chemical analysis has shown this to be a laxative made mostly from alcohol. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daffy%27s_Elixir WIKI] - Another informative [http://www.redmilearchive.freeuk.com/daffy.html LINK] here

'''one more Station of the Cross to be put up with''' 
Reminds us of Mason's time back on the windy side of St. Helena.

'''Laudanum''' 
Laudanum, also known as opium tincture or thebaic tincture is an alcoholic herbal preparation containing approximately 10% opium and 1% morphine. It is made by combining ethanol with opium latex or powder. Laudanum contains almost all of the opium alkaloids, including morphine and codeine. A potent narcotic by virtue of its high morphine concentration, laudanum was historically used to treat a variety of ailments, but its principal use was as an analgesic and antitussive. Until the early 20th century, laudanum was sold without a prescription and was a constituent of many patent medicines. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laudanum WIKI]

'''Dr. Paracelsus''' 
Paracelsus (born Phillip von Hohenheim, 11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland – 24 September 1541 in Salzburg, Austria) was a Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus WIKI]

'''your preferr'd Ratio of Jalap to Senna''' 
Playful parallel to indica and sativa

'''''Bacchic'' Leaning''' 
In classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos is the god of wine, the inspirer of ritual madness and ecstasy, and a major figure of Greek mythology, and one of the twelve Olympians, among whom Greek mythology treated as a late arrival... He was also known as Bacchus, the name adopted by the Romans and the frenzy he induces, bakkheia. He is the patron deity of agriculture and the theater. He was also known as the Liberator (Eleutherios), freeing one from one's normal self, by madness, ecstasy, or wine. The divine mission of Dionysus was to mingle the music of the aulos and to bring an end to care and worry. Scholars have discussed Dionysus' relationship to the "cult of the souls" and his ability to preside over communication between the living and the dead. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysus WIKI]

==Page 268==
''' quite thoroughly charmed by your Glass Armonica ''' 
Having observed glasses played as instruments, Franklin invented his armonica, consisting of a series of glass bowls mounted on a spinning rod; the first performance on the instrument was given by Marianne Davies. Several composers wrote for the instrument, among them Mozart; see [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dE_MZzvigd4].

'''Miss Davies''' 
Marianne Davies (various birth and death years reported) was the first person to publicly perform on the glass harmonica (also known as the armonica). Since her first performance of the glass harmonica was in 1762, her date of birth can be assumed to be at least approximately 1745 or earlier, assuming she performed at age 15 or older. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Davies WIKI]

==Page 270==
'''''The Beggar's Opera''''' 
The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay. It is one of the watershed plays in Augustan drama and is the only example of the once thriving genre of satirical ballad opera to remain popular today. Ballad operas were satiric musical plays that used some of the conventions of opera, but without recitative. The lyrics of the airs in the piece are set to popular broadsheet ballads, opera arias, church hymns and folk tunes of the time. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera WIKI]

'''"Phlogiston and Electric Fir-r-re" 
The phlogiston theory, first stated in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher, is a defunct scientific theory that posited the existence of a fire-like element called "phlogiston" that was contained within combustible bodies, and released during combustion. The theory was an attempt to explain oxidation processes such as combustion and the rusting of metals. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlogiston WIKI]

'''Hadley the Quadrant's Eponym''' 
John Hadley (April 16, 1682 Bloomsbury, London; born to Katherine FitzJames and George Hadley – February 14, 1744, East Barnet, Hertfordshire) was an English mathematician, inventor of the octant and precursor to the sextant around 1730. In 1717 he became member ( and later vice-president ) of the Royal Society of London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hadley WIKI]

'''Mr. Short''' 
James Short (June 10 O.S. (June 21 N.S.) 1710 – June 15, 1768) was a British mathematician, optician and telescope maker. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Short WIKI]

'''Dr. Morton''' 
James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton KT FRS (1702 – 12 October 1768), was a Scottish representative peer who became president of the Royal Society (24 March 1764), and was a distinguished patron of science, and particularly of astronomy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton WIKI]

==Page 271==
'''Carpenters Wharf''' 
now covered by Highway 95. Many coffee houses and taverns were there including the famous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Tavern Tun Tavern] which was built by Sam Carpenter, the namesake for the Wharf. 

'''London Coffee House''' 
Located at [http://www.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=S+Front+St+AND+Market+St++Philadelphia,+PA&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=15&iwloc=addr Front and Market]. It was a meeting place for Tories during the war. [http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=36 historical market info on London Coffee House]

==Page 272==
'''long-rehears'd Claque''' 
A claque is a group paid to arrive and cheer/clap/etc.

'''the inherent Vice of Glass''' 
The term 'inherent vice' is a legal tenet referring to a "hidden defect (or the very nature) of a good or property which of itself is the cause of (or contributes to) its deterioration, damage, or wastage." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inherent_Vice Is also the name of Pynchon's seventh novel.]

==Page 273==
'''Decolletages''' 
Low-cut ladies garment

'''Col Washington''' 
Who? George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and served as the first President of the United States of America (1789–1797). For his central role in the formation of the United States, he is often referred to as the father of his country. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington WIKI]

'''Mount Vernon''' 
Mount Vernon, located near Alexandria, Virginia, was the plantation home of the first President of the United States, George Washington. The mansion is built of wood in neoclassical Georgian architectural style, and the estate is located on the banks of the Potomac River. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vernon WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 27: 266-274

2011-06-26T06:09:14Z

Lorenz: /* Page 271 */ Wrong page, shifted to 272

==Page 266==
'''Sprout Penn''' 
Franklin is refering to John Penn here (see particularly the final sentence below). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Penn_(governor) WIKI]: In 1763, Thomas Penn sent his nephew John Penn back to Pennsylvania to take over the governorship of the colony from Hamilton. The Penns were not displeased with Hamilton, but John Penn was finally prepared to claim a place in family affairs. He took the oath of office as governor—officially "lieutenant governor"—on 31 October 1763. The new governor faced many challenges: Pontiac's Rebellion, the Paxton Boys, border disputes with other colonies, controversy over the taxation of Penn family lands, and the efforts of the Pennsylvania Provincial Assembly, led by Benjamin Franklin, to have the Penn proprietary government replaced with a royal government.

'''Mr. Allen''' 
Andrew Allen (June 1740 – March 7, 1825) was a lawyer and official from the Province of Pennsylvania. Born into an influential family, Allen initially favored the colonial cause in the American Revolution, and represented Pennsylvania in the Second Continental Congress in 1775 and 1776. Like many other wealthy elites in Pennsylvania, however, he resisted radical change, and became a Loyalist after the Declaration of Independence and the Pennsylvania Constitution of 1776. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew_Allen WIKI]

'''Milton''' 
John Milton (9 December 1608 – 8 November 1674) was an English poet, author, polemicist and civil servant for the Commonwealth of England. He is best known for his epic poem ''Paradise Lost'' and for his treatise condemning censorship, ''Areopagitica''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Milton WIKI]

'''the tinted lenses of Spectacles of his own Invention''' Benjamin Franklin invented [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bifocals bifocals], but he seems to get credit here for also inventing sun glasses.

It is thought that the Chinese were the first to use tinted "sunglasses" to aid in treating conjunctivitis, however, apparently during the 17th century is when tinted lenses first became popular. See this [http://www.antiquespectacles.com/history/ages/through_the_ages.htm LINK] for an extremely thorough essay (with photos etc) on the history of glasses.

'''Godfrey's Cordial''' 
Noisy or demanding babies could be sedated with easily-available alcohol and/or opiates. Godfrey's Cordial—known colloquially as "Mother's Friend", (a syrup containing opium)—was a popular choice, but there were several other similar preparations. Many children died as a result of such dubious practices: "Opium killed far more infants through starvation than directly through overdose. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelia_Dyer WIKI]

'''Bateman's Drops''' 
The use of invented names began early. In 1726 a patent was also granted to the makers of "Dr. Bateman's Pectoral Drops"; at least on the documents that survive, there was no Dr. Bateman. This was the enterprise of a Benjamin Okell and a group of promoters who owned a warehouse and a print shop to promote the product. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_medicine WIKI]

'''Hooper's Female Pills''' 
See [http://historywired.si.edu/object.cfm?ID=39 LINK]

==Page 267==
'''Daffy's Elixir''' 
[[Image:Daffys Elixir.jpg|thumb|Empty bottle of Daffy's Elixir|right]]
Daffy's Elixir is a name that has been given to several quack medicines over the years. One of the earliest of these elixirs was invented by clergyman Thomas Daffy (? - 1680) in 1647, named elixir salutis (lit. elixir of salvation) and promoted as a generic cure-all. A recipe for "True Daffy" from 1700 lists the following ingredients: aniseed, brandy, cochineal, elecampane, fennel seed, jalap, manna, parsley seed, raisin, rhubarb, saffron, senna and spanish liquorice. Chemical analysis has shown this to be a laxative made mostly from alcohol. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daffy%27s_Elixir WIKI] - Another informative [http://www.redmilearchive.freeuk.com/daffy.html LINK] here

'''one more Station of the Cross to be put up with''' 
Reminds us of Mason's time back on the windy side of St. Helena.

'''Laudanum''' 
Laudanum, also known as opium tincture or thebaic tincture is an alcoholic herbal preparation containing approximately 10% opium and 1% morphine. It is made by combining ethanol with opium latex or powder. Laudanum contains almost all of the opium alkaloids, including morphine and codeine. A potent narcotic by virtue of its high morphine concentration, laudanum was historically used to treat a variety of ailments, but its principal use was as an analgesic and antitussive. Until the early 20th century, laudanum was sold without a prescription and was a constituent of many patent medicines. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laudanum WIKI]

'''Dr. Paracelsus''' 
Paracelsus (born Phillip von Hohenheim, 11 November or 17 December 1493 in Einsiedeln, Switzerland – 24 September 1541 in Salzburg, Austria) was a Renaissance physician, botanist, alchemist, astrologer, and general occultist. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paracelsus WIKI]

'''your preferr'd Ratio of Jalap to Senna''' 
Playful parallel to indica and sativa

'''''Bacchic'' Leaning''' 
In classical mythology, Dionysus or Dionysos is the god of wine, the inspirer of ritual madness and ecstasy, and a major figure of Greek mythology, and one of the twelve Olympians, among whom Greek mythology treated as a late arrival... He was also known as Bacchus, the name adopted by the Romans and the frenzy he induces, bakkheia. He is the patron deity of agriculture and the theater. He was also known as the Liberator (Eleutherios), freeing one from one's normal self, by madness, ecstasy, or wine. The divine mission of Dionysus was to mingle the music of the aulos and to bring an end to care and worry. Scholars have discussed Dionysus' relationship to the "cult of the souls" and his ability to preside over communication between the living and the dead. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dionysus WIKI]

==Page 268==
''' quite thoroughly charmed by your Glass Armonica ''' 
Having observed glasses played as instruments, Franklin invented his armonica, consisting of a series of glass bowls mounted on a spinning rod; the first performance on the instrument was given by Marianne Davies. Several composers wrote for the instrument, among them Mozart; see [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dE_MZzvigd4].

'''Miss Davies''' 
Marianne Davies (various birth and death years reported) was the first person to publicly perform on the glass harmonica (also known as the armonica). Since her first performance of the glass harmonica was in 1762, her date of birth can be assumed to be at least approximately 1745 or earlier, assuming she performed at age 15 or older. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marianne_Davies WIKI]

==Page 270==
'''''The Beggar's Opera''''' 
The Beggar's Opera is a ballad opera in three acts written in 1728 by John Gay. It is one of the watershed plays in Augustan drama and is the only example of the once thriving genre of satirical ballad opera to remain popular today. Ballad operas were satiric musical plays that used some of the conventions of opera, but without recitative. The lyrics of the airs in the piece are set to popular broadsheet ballads, opera arias, church hymns and folk tunes of the time. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Beggar%27s_Opera WIKI]

'''"Phlogiston and Electric Fir-r-re" 
The phlogiston theory, first stated in 1667 by Johann Joachim Becher, is a defunct scientific theory that posited the existence of a fire-like element called "phlogiston" that was contained within combustible bodies, and released during combustion. The theory was an attempt to explain oxidation processes such as combustion and the rusting of metals. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phlogiston WIKI]

'''Hadley the Quadrant's Eponym''' 
John Hadley (April 16, 1682 Bloomsbury, London; born to Katherine FitzJames and George Hadley – February 14, 1744, East Barnet, Hertfordshire) was an English mathematician, inventor of the octant and precursor to the sextant around 1730. In 1717 he became member ( and later vice-president ) of the Royal Society of London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Hadley WIKI]

'''Mr. Short''' 
James Short (June 10 O.S. (June 21 N.S.) 1710 – June 15, 1768) was a British mathematician, optician and telescope maker. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Short WIKI]

'''Dr. Morton''' 
James Douglas, 14th Earl of Morton KT FRS (1702 – 12 October 1768), was a Scottish representative peer who became president of the Royal Society (24 March 1764), and was a distinguished patron of science, and particularly of astronomy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Douglas,_14th_Earl_of_Morton WIKI]

==Page 271==
'''Carpenters Wharf''' 
now covered by Highway 95. Many coffee houses and taverns were there including the famous [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tun_Tavern Tun Tavern] which was built by Sam Carpenter, the namesake for the Wharf. 

'''London Coffee House''' 
Located at [http://www.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=S+Front+St+AND+Market+St++Philadelphia,+PA&ie=UTF8&om=1&z=15&iwloc=addr Front and Market]. It was a meeting place for Tories during the war. [http://www.explorepahistory.com/hmarker.php?markerId=36 historical market info on London Coffee House]

==Page 272==
'''long-rehears'd Claque''' 
A claque is a group paid to arrive and cheer/clap/etc.

==Page 273==
'''Decolletages''' 
Low-cut ladies garment

'''Col Washington''' 
Who? George Washington (February 22, 1732 [O.S. February 11, 1731] – December 14, 1799) was the commander of the Continental Army in the American Revolutionary War (1775–1783) and served as the first President of the United States of America (1789–1797). For his central role in the formation of the United States, he is often referred to as the father of his country. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington WIKI]

'''Mount Vernon''' 
Mount Vernon, located near Alexandria, Virginia, was the plantation home of the first President of the United States, George Washington. The mansion is built of wood in neoclassical Georgian architectural style, and the estate is located on the banks of the Potomac River. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mount_Vernon WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

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Chapter 26: 257-265

2011-06-26T05:30:33Z

Lorenz: /* Page 263 */

==Page 257==
'''[[1763#November|November]] 15, 1763''' 

==Page 258==
'''Whorekill Road''' 
In 1672, Lord Baltimore declared Maryland included the settlement of Whorekills on the west shore of the Delaware Bay, an area under the jurisdiction of the Province of New York. A force was dispatched which attacked and captured this settlement. New York could not immediately respond because New York was soon recaptured by the Dutch. Maryland feared the Dutch would use their Iroquois allies to recapture the settlement. This settlement was restored to the Province of New York when New York was recaptured from the Dutch in November, 1674. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Maryland WIKI]

'''Cape Henlopen''' 
Cape Henlopen is the southern cape of the Delaware Bay along the Atlantic coast of the United States. It lies in the state of Delaware, near the town of Lewes, Delaware. Off the coast on the bay side are two lighthouses, called the Harbor of Refuge Light and the Delaware Breakwater East End Light. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Henlopen WIKI]

See [http://vineland.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14#Page_316 ''Vineland'', pg. 316-317]: Harbor of Refuge & Delaware Bay similarity

'''New Castle''' 
New Castle, Delaware was originally settled by the Dutch West India Company in 1651, under Peter Stuyvesant on the site of a former Indian village, "Tomakonck" ("Place of the Beaver"). The original name of New Castle was Fort Casimir. This was changed to Fort Trinity following its capture by New Sweden on Trinity Sunday, 1654. After its recapture by the Dutch the following year, the name was changed to Nieuw Amstel. Under Sir Robert Carr, the British routed the Dutch in 1664 and changed the name to New Castle. The Dutch again seized the town in 1673 but it was returned to Great Britain the next year under the Treaty of Westminster. In 1680 it was conveyed to William Penn by the Duke of York and was Penn's landing place when he first set foot on American soil in 1682. This transfer to Penn was contested by Lord Baltimore and the boundary dispute was not resolved until the survey conducted by Mason and Dixon, now famed in history as the Mason-Dixon Line. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Castle,_Delaware WIKI]

'''Dock Creek''' 
Society Hill district is named after the 18th century Free Society of Traders, which had its offices at Front Street on the hill above Dock Creek. Located close to both the Delaware River and Philadelphia's civic buildings, including the Independence Hall, the neighborhood soon became one of the city's most populous areas. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Society_Hill,_Philadelphia,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

<div id="single_up_all_lines">'''as they single up all lines...'''</div>
Pynchon was in the Navy for a spell and "single up all lines" is a common nautical term. Ships are docked with lines doubled that is, with two sets of ropes or chains holding the vessel to the dock. To "single up all lines" is to remove the redundant second lines in preparation to make way.

"single up all lines" also appears in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_1#single_up_all_lines ''V.'', p.11]; [http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_2#single_up_all_lines ''The Crying of Lot 49'', p.31]; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_488-491#single_up_all_lines ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p.489]; [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_1-25#Page_3 ''Against the Day'', p.3]; and [http://inherent-vice.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_8#Page_119 ''Inherent Vice'', p. 119].

'''Swab''' 
A nautical term for a yarn mop, while also a term for the lowest form of sailor, since the most inexperienced members of a ship's company were assigned to this task. From WIKI.

==Page 259==

'''Pills Balsamic and Universal''' 
The promotion of patent medicines was one of the first major products highlighted by the advertising industry, and many advertising and sales techniques were pioneered by patent medicine promoters. Patent medicine advertising often talked up exotic ingredients, even if their actual effects came from more prosaic drugs. One memorable group of patent medicines — liniments that allegedly contained snake oil, supposedly a universal panacea — made snake oil salesman a lasting synonym for a charlatan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patent_medicine WIKI]

'''the Spadger hops''' 
A sparrow, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadger WIKI]

==Page 260==
'''Old Q, the Star of Picadilly''' 
William Douglas, 4th Duke of Queensberry KT (16 December 1724 – 23 December 1810) was a Scottish nobleman. Queensberry was a liberal patron of Italian opera, although, it was said, more out of interest in the prima donnas and dancers than in the music. Latterly known as Old Q., he was notorious for his escapades and dissolute lifestyle and was a member of the Hellfire Club. Raikes, in his Journal, said of 'Old Q': ''He was a little sharp-looking man, very irritable, and swore like ten thousand troopers''. Mackenzie, in ''Anecdotes and Egotisms'' claimed that ''he was a disciple of Epicurus but without the virtue of the Epicurean system; and he had none of the hypocrisy of pretending to virtue or disinterestedness''. Although he had a number of illegitimate children, he never married, and his titles were dispersed on his death. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Douglas,_4th_Duke_of_Queensberry WIKI]

'''Graziana... Daughter of Naples''' 
Graziana is a genus of gastropod (snails/slugs) in the Hydrobiidae family. Seems like the kind of woman a "Dodman" may fall for.

'''''Scamozz'''''' 
Seems to be a reference to Vincenzo Scamozzi (September 2, 1548 - August 7, 1616), an Venetian architect and writer on architecture, active mainly in Vicenza and Venice area in the second half of the 16th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vincenzo_Scamozzi WIKI]

'''single up all lines''' 
''See [[#Page 258|p.258, above]]

'''Whitefield''' 
George Whitefield, also known as George Whitfield, (December 16, 1714 - September 30, 1770), was an Anglican itinerant minister who helped spread the Great Awakening in Great Britain and, especially, in the British North American colonies. His ministry had tremendous impact on American ideology. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Whitefield WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_3:_14-29#Page_14 14].

==Page 261==
'''The New Religion''' 
A reference to the
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Great_Awakening 'First Great Awakening'].

'''Hermits in the desert''' 
Reference to the Desert Fathers: Hermits, Ascetics and Monks who lived mainly in the Scetes desert of Egypt, beginning around the third century. They were the first Christian hermits, who abandoned the cities of the pagan world to live in solitude. These original desert hermits were Christians fleeing the chaos and persecution of the Roman Empire's Crisis of the Third Century. They were men who did not believe in letting themselves be passively guided and ruled by a decadent state. Christians were often scapegoated during these times of unrest, and near the end of the century, the Diocletianic Persecution was more severe and systematic. In Egypt, refugee communities formed at the edges of population centers, far enough away to be safe from Imperial scrutiny. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desert_fathers WIKI]

==Page 262==
'''Dithyrambists''' 
The dithyramb was an ancient Greek hymn sung and danced in honour of Dionysos, the god of wine and fertility; the term was also used as an epithet of the god: Plato, in The Laws, while discussing various kinds of music mentions "the birth of Dionysos, called, I think, the dithyramb." Plutarch contrasted the dithyramb's wild and ecstatic character with the paean. According to Aristotle, the dithyramb was the origin of Athenian tragedy. A wildly enthusiastic speech or piece of writing is still occasionally described as dithyrambic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dithyramb WIKI]

'''''the way ev'rything, suddenly, has begun to gravitate towards B-flat major''''' 
B flat major is the easiest key for many wind instruments and therefore very popular for hymns and anthems, as well as later on for jazz.

'''To Anacreon in Heaven''' 
Then a British drinking song; later to become "The Star-Spangled Banner". [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/To_Anacreon_in_Heaven]

==Page 263==
'''''Ritornelli''''' 
In Baroque music, ritornello was the word for a recurring passage for orchestra in the first or final movement of a solo concerto or aria (also in works for chorus). In ritornello form, the tutti opens with a theme called the ritornello (refrain). This theme, always played by the tutti (i.e. all voices), returns in different keys throughout the movement. However, it usually returns in incomplete fragments. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ritornelli WIKI]

'''"As to journey west...grow older, and die...to turn Eastward...defy death"''' 
Journeying westward as following the "Stream of the Day" makes turning eastward a turning "Against the Day", as it were. The Reverend's story, as a means of travelling into the past, is also bound "against the wind".

==Page 264==
'''surrender of Cornwallis''' 
In March 1781, in response to the threat of Cornwallis, General Washington had dispatched Marquis de Lafayette to defend Virginia. The young Frenchman had 3,200 men at his command, but British troops in the state now totaled 7,200. Lafayette skirmished with Cornwallis, avoiding a decisive battle while gathering reinforcements. It was during this period that Cornwallis received orders from Clinton to choose a position on the Virginia Peninsula - referred to in contemporary letters as the "Williamsburg Neck" - and construct a fortified naval post to shelter ships of the line. In complying with this order, Cornwallis put himself in a position where it would be easy to become trapped. With the arrival of the French fleet under the Comte de Grasse and General George Washington's combined French-American army, Cornwallis found himself cut off. After the Royal Navy fleet under Admiral Thomas Graves was defeated by the French at the Battle of the Chesapeake, and the French siege train arrived from Newport, Rhode Island, his position became untenable. He surrendered to General Washington and the French commander, the Comte de Rochambeau, on 19 October 1781. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornwallis WIKI]

'''''portamenti''''' 
Portamento (plural: portamenti, literally "carried") is a musical term originated from Italian primarily denoting a vocal slide between two pitches and its emulation by instruments such as the violin, and is sometimes used interchangeably with anticipation. It is also applied to one type of glissando as well as to the "slide" or "bend" functions of synthesizers. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portamento WIKI]

'''Percussion''' 
First recorded in 1544, "a striking, a blow," from L. percussionem (nom. percussio), from percussus, pp. of percutere "to strike," from per- "through" + quatere "to strike, shake." Reference to musical instruments is first recorded 1776.
[http://www.etymonline.com/index.php?term=percussion]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 24: 238-245

2011-06-25T03:03:57Z

Lorenz: /* Page 244 */ definition of fret added

__TOC__

==Page 239==
'''"gannin straights"''' 
Going steady

'''Weardale''' 
Weardale is a dale, or valley, of the east side of the Pennines in County Durham, in England. Large parts of Weardale fall within the North Pennines Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) - the second largest AONB in England and Wales. The upper valley is surrounded by high fells and heather grouse moors. In the 18th century John Wesley visited the dale on a number of occasions and the valley became a Methodist stronghold. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weardale WIKI]

==Page 240==
'''grosgrain Ribbon''' 
Throughout the 17th century grosgrain fabric was used as the fabric body (corpus) for many garments, including waistcoats, jackets, petticoats, beeches, sleeves, jerkins and many other items of clothing, as a cheaper alternative for the lower socio-economic demographic than fine-woven silk or wool. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grosgrain WIKI]

'''Lamentations of Jeremiah''' 
It is called in the Hebrew canon 'Eikhah, meaning "How," being the formula for the commencement of a song of wailing. It is the first word of the book (see 2 Sam. 1:19-27). The Septuagint adopted the name rendered "Lamentations" (or "Threnoi Hieremiou", abbreviated "Thren." in some Latin commentaries, from the Greek threnoi = Hebrew qinoth) now in common use, to denote the character of the book, in which the prophet mourns over the desolations brought on Jerusalem and the Holy Land by the Chaldeans. In the Hebrew Bible (the Tanakh) it is placed among the Ketuvim, the Writings. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Lamentations WIKI]

==Page 242==
'''Staithemen''' 
Wharf Men - In the northeast and east of England the term staithe or staith (from the Norse for landing stage) is also used. For example Dunston Staiths in Gateshead and Brancaster Staithe in Norfolk. Though the term staithe may be used to refer only to loading chutes or ramps used for bulk commodities like coal in loading ships and barges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wharf WIKI].

'''Keel''' 
The word "keel" comes from Old English cēol, Old Norse kjóll, = "ship" or "keel". It has the distinction of being regarded by some scholars as the very first word in the English language recorded in writing, having been recorded by Gildas in his 6th century Latin work De Excidio Britanniae, under the spelling cyulae (he was referring to the three ships that the Saxons first arrived in). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keel WIKI]

==Page 243==
'''Huddock''' 
The cabin upon a collier

'''Dodd the Peedee''' 
The Pee Dee tribe (also spelled Pedee and Peedee) are a nation of Native Americans of the southeast United States. The Pee Dee River and the Pee Dee region of South Carolina were named for the nation. Charles Hudson describes the prehistoric and protohistoric Pee Dee as a "southern chiefdom" of the southeastern Mississippian type. Around 1550 A.D. the Pee Dee migrated from the lower Pee Dee River of the Atlantic Coastal Plain to the upper Pee Dee River of the Piedmont, where they remained for about a century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peedee WIKI]

'''the Shields''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Shields North] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South_Shields South Shields]

'''Tagareen Man''' 
"A tagareen man had a floating shop which he towed about the tiers of ships, announcing his presence by a bell. His dealings were carried on by barter or cash, as may be convenient; and old rope, scrap-iron or other similar, unconsidered trifles, would be exchanged for the crockery or hardware with which the boat was stocked." - from ''Northumberland Words-A Glossary of Words in the County of Northumberland-And On the Tyneside-Vol II'' by Richard Oliver Heslop

'''Pirogues''' 
A pirogue is a small, flat-bottomed boat of a design associated particularly with West African fishermen and the Cajuns of the Louisiana marsh. These boats are not usually intended for overnight travel but are light and small enough to be easily taken onto land. The design also allows the pirogue to move through the very shallow water of marshes and be easily turned over to drain any water that may get into the boat. The pirogue is usually propelled by paddles that have one blade (as opposed to a kayak paddle, which has two). It can also be punted with a push pole in shallow water. Small sails can also be employed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pirogue WIKI]

==Page 244==
'''Carillon''' 
A carillon is a musical instrument that is usually housed in a free-standing bell tower, or the belfry of a church or other municipal building. The instrument consists of at least 23 cast bronze cup-shaped bells, which are played serially to play a melody, or sounded together to play a chord. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carillon WIKI]

'''''gigues''''' 
The gigue is a lively baroque dance originating from the British jig. It was imported into France in the mid-17th century and usually appears at the end of a suite. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gigue WIKI]

'''"Fret"''' 
Mist or drizzle coming in off sea; a sea fog (OED)

'''"who'll be only too pleased to gan wi'ye's"''' 
Gan = To go; "who'll be only too pleased to go with you all"

'''Faces beneath these Basin-crops''' 
A basin-crop is a rudimentary home-made (therefore free) haircut, made by placing a bowl or basin over the head and trimming around its edge.

'''Strikes of '43 and '50''' 
Keelmen strikes: The Tyneside keelmen were employed by the Newcastle Hostmen and were often in dispute with their employers. They went on strike in 1709, 1710, 1740 and 1750. One grievance held by the keelmen was that the Hostmen, in order to avoid custom duties, would deliberately overload the keels. Duty was paid on each keel-load, so that it paid the owner to load as much coal as possible. This meant that the keel-load gradually increased from 16 tons in 1600 to 21.25 tons in 1695. As the keelmen were paid by the keel-load, they had to work considerably harder for the same pay. Even after the keel-load had been standardised, there were cases of keel owners illegally enlarging the holds to carry more coal, as much as 26.5 tons. In 1719 and 1744, the Tyneside keelmen went on strike in protest at this 'overmeasure'.

About 1750 a new development began to be used on the Tyne. New pits were being sunk further and further away from the river and coal was being brought to the riverbank via wagon ways. Once there, in places accessible by colliers, coal staithes were built to allow coal to be dropped directly into the holds of the colliers without the need for keels. The staithes were short piers that projected out over the river and allowed coal wagons to run on rails to the end. Colliers would moor alongside the end of the staithes and, initially, the coal from the wagons was emptied down chutes into the colliers’ holds. Later, to avoid breakage of the coal, the coal wagons were lowered onto the decks of the colliers and were unloaded there. This was the beginning of the end for the keelmen and they realised the threat that the coal staithes posed. Strikes and riots resulted whenever new staithes were opened. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelmen WIKI]

'''ev'ry Can bought and taken''' 
The 1750 strike was also about 'can-money', the practice of paying part of the keelmen's wages in drink that had to be consumed at 'can-houses', pubs owned by the employers. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keelmen WIKI]

==Page 245==
'''into the Pool''' 
Originally, the Pool of London was the stretch of the River Thames forming the south side of the City of London. The term was later used more generally to refer to the stretch of the river in between London Bridge and Rotherhithe, which constituted the furthest reach that could be navigated by a tall-masted vessel. It therefore became a key part of the Port of London. In order that access to the Pool for shipping was not obstructed a new pedestrian connection between Rotherhithe and Wapping was constructed not as a new bridge but as a tunnel. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pool_of_London WIKI]

'''the Swin''' 
Swin Spitway Channel

'''Gravesend''' 
Gravesend is a town in northwest Kent, England, on the south bank of the Thames, opposite Tilbury in Essex. It is the administrative town of the Borough of Gravesham and, because of its geographical position, has always had an important role to play in the history and communications of this part of England. It still retains today a strong link with the river. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gravesend,_Kent WIKI]

'''Dome of St. Paul's''' 
St Paul's Cathedral is the Anglican cathedral on Ludgate Hill, in the City of London, and the seat of the Bishop of London. The present building dates from the 17th century and is generally reckoned to be London's fifth St Paul's Cathedral, although the number is higher if every major medieval reconstruction is counted as a new cathedral. The cathedral sits on the highest point of the City of London, which originated as a Roman trading post situated on the River Thames. The cathedral is one of London's most visited sights. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St._Paul%27s_Cathedral WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 23: 228-237

2011-06-24T02:28:46Z

Lorenz:

==Page 228==
'''"...it's old Back-to-Front" 
Emerson wore his shirt back to front and his legs wrapped in sacking so as not to scorch them as he sat over the fire.

'''Porter''' 
Porter is a dark-coloured style of beer. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined. The name was first used in the 18th century from its popularity with the street and river porters of London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_beer WIKI].

==Page 229==
'''Cult of ''Feng Shui''''' 
Feng shui is an ancient Chinese system of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both Heaven (astronomy) and Earth (geography) to help one improve life by receiving positive qi. The original designation for the discipline is Kan Yu. The term feng shui literally translates as "wind-water" in English. This is a cultural shorthand taken from the following passage of the Zangshu (Book of Burial) by Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty: Qi rides the wind and scatters, but is retained when encountering water. Traditional feng shui practice always requires an extremely accurate Chinese compass, or luo pan, in order to determine the directions in finding any auspicious sector in a desired location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui WIKI]

'''preferring 365 and a Quarter''' Roughly the length of a year (or the number of days it takes for the earth to rotate the sun).

==Page 230==
'''"clarts" 
Scot. and N.English term for sticky soil, mud, filth &c. (OED)

==Page 232==
'''Thornton-le-Beans''' 
Thornton-le-Beans is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The village has one pub called The Crosby behind which there is a campsite. In 2007 the Pub won best Pub Grub in the Flavours of Hambleton Awards. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton-le-Beans WIKI]

'''days of the '45''' 
Refers to the Jacobite rebellion/uprising in 1745 led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Rising#The_Rebellion.2FRising_of_1745_.28.27The_Forty-Five.27.29 WIKI].

'''the Young Pretender''' 
Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788) was the exiled Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland. He is commonly known to the English and the Scottish as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart who was in turn the son of James II and VII, who had been deposed in the Revolution of 1688. The Jacobite movement tried to restore the family to the throne. After his father's death, Charles was recognised as Charles III by his supporters; his opponents referred to him as The Young Pretender. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pretender WIKI]

==Page 233==
'''Staindrop Church''' 
Staindrop is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the east of Barnard Castle. Lord Barnard of Raby Castle also resides on the border. The village has one of the long greens typical of County Durham. The mediaeval church is impressive and contains fine effigies of the Neville family. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staindrop WIKI]

'''Pearl of Wearside''' 
Wearside is an unrecognised conurbation in North East England, mostly referring to the City of Sunderland, but also including parts of County Durham including Seaham. The people of Wearside often refer to themselves as "Mackems". The principle settlement of Wearside is Sunderland. Other areas of the conurbation are Washington, Durham, Chester-le-Street, Houghton-le-Spring, Easington, Hetton-le-Hole and Seaham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearside WIKI]

'''Arts of Pluto''' 
Pluto was originally the Roman god of certain metals and fish, but because these materials are mined he also took on the role of god of the underworld. Although Hades was seen as somewhat merciless, Pluto was worshipped by the Romans for some of his kinder attributes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology) WIKI]

==Page 235==
'''Pizza... Mount Vesuvius''' 
Authentic Neapolitan pizzas are made with local ingredients like San Marzano tomatoes, which grow on the volcanic plains to the south of Mount Vesuvius. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza WIKI] Here's another good [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK] on the origins/evolution of pizza.

'''''Torpedo''''' 
Torpedo is a group of rays, commonly called electric rays or torpedoes. It is the only genus in the family Torpedinidae, in the order Torpediniformes. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers capable of generating electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. There are between fifteen and twenty-two extant species. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_(genus) WIKI]

'''"Neopolitans, ''Cicinielli''... And Cheese?''' 
End of 18th century, Neopolitans had several recipes of pizza: pizza with garlic and olive oil, pizza with small cicinielli fish, and pizza with anchovy and mozzarella cheese brought to Italy shortly before (mozzarella was invented by the Hindu in the 7th century - they made it using cow (buffalo species) milk only). Paraphrased from [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK]

'''Stilton''' 
In 1730, Thornhill discovered a distinctive blue cheese while visiting a small farm near Melton Mowbray in rural Leicestershire - possibly Quenby Hall in Hungarton. He fell in love with the cheese and made a business arrangement that granted the Bell Inn (in Stilton) exclusive marketing rights to blue Stilton. Soon thereafter, wagon loads of cheese were being delivered to the inn. Since the main stagecoach routes from London to Northern England passed through the village of Stilton he was able to promote the sale of this cheese and the legend of Stilton rapidly spread. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilton_(cheese) WIKI]

==Page 236==
'''Nynauld''' 
Dr. Jean de Nynauld wrote ''De la Lycanthropie, Transformation, et Extase des Sorciers'', published in Paris 1615, a tractate that countered the views of a previously published book by Jean Bodin, that explained how the Devil could transform a man into a wolf. Nynauld's views were that this could not happen, and any ideas of it were pure hallucination.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 23: 228-237

2011-06-24T02:09:20Z

Lorenz: /* Page 229 */

==Page 228==
'''"...it's old Back-to-Front" 
Emerson wore his shirt back to front and his legs wrapped in sacking so as not to scorch them as he sat over the fire.

'''Porter''' 
Porter is a dark-coloured style of beer. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined. The name was first used in the 18th century from its popularity with the street and river porters of London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_beer WIKI].

==Page 229==
'''Cult of ''Feng Shui''''' 
Feng shui is an ancient Chinese system of aesthetics believed to use the laws of both Heaven (astronomy) and Earth (geography) to help one improve life by receiving positive qi. The original designation for the discipline is Kan Yu. The term feng shui literally translates as "wind-water" in English. This is a cultural shorthand taken from the following passage of the Zangshu (Book of Burial) by Guo Pu of the Jin Dynasty: Qi rides the wind and scatters, but is retained when encountering water. Traditional feng shui practice always requires an extremely accurate Chinese compass, or luo pan, in order to determine the directions in finding any auspicious sector in a desired location. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feng_shui WIKI]

'''preferring 365 and a Quarter''' Roughly the length of a year (or the number of days it takes for the earth to rotate the sun).

==Page 232==
'''Thornton-le-Beans''' 
Thornton-le-Beans is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The village has one pub called The Crosby behind which there is a campsite. In 2007 the Pub won best Pub Grub in the Flavours of Hambleton Awards. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton-le-Beans WIKI]

'''days of the '45''' 
Refers to the Jacobite rebellion/uprising in 1745 led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Rising#The_Rebellion.2FRising_of_1745_.28.27The_Forty-Five.27.29 WIKI].

'''the Young Pretender''' 
Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788) was the exiled Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland. He is commonly known to the English and the Scottish as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart who was in turn the son of James II and VII, who had been deposed in the Revolution of 1688. The Jacobite movement tried to restore the family to the throne. After his father's death, Charles was recognised as Charles III by his supporters; his opponents referred to him as The Young Pretender. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pretender WIKI]

==Page 233==
'''Staindrop Church''' 
Staindrop is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the east of Barnard Castle. Lord Barnard of Raby Castle also resides on the border. The village has one of the long greens typical of County Durham. The mediaeval church is impressive and contains fine effigies of the Neville family. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staindrop WIKI]

'''Pearl of Wearside''' 
Wearside is an unrecognised conurbation in North East England, mostly referring to the City of Sunderland, but also including parts of County Durham including Seaham. The people of Wearside often refer to themselves as "Mackems". The principle settlement of Wearside is Sunderland. Other areas of the conurbation are Washington, Durham, Chester-le-Street, Houghton-le-Spring, Easington, Hetton-le-Hole and Seaham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearside WIKI]

'''Arts of Pluto''' 
Pluto was originally the Roman god of certain metals and fish, but because these materials are mined he also took on the role of god of the underworld. Although Hades was seen as somewhat merciless, Pluto was worshipped by the Romans for some of his kinder attributes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology) WIKI]

==Page 235==
'''Pizza... Mount Vesuvius''' 
Authentic Neapolitan pizzas are made with local ingredients like San Marzano tomatoes, which grow on the volcanic plains to the south of Mount Vesuvius. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza WIKI] Here's another good [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK] on the origins/evolution of pizza.

'''''Torpedo''''' 
Torpedo is a group of rays, commonly called electric rays or torpedoes. It is the only genus in the family Torpedinidae, in the order Torpediniformes. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers capable of generating electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. There are between fifteen and twenty-two extant species. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_(genus) WIKI]

'''"Neopolitans, ''Cicinielli''... And Cheese?''' 
End of 18th century, Neopolitans had several recipes of pizza: pizza with garlic and olive oil, pizza with small cicinielli fish, and pizza with anchovy and mozzarella cheese brought to Italy shortly before (mozzarella was invented by the Hindu in the 7th century - they made it using cow (buffalo species) milk only). Paraphrased from [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK]

'''Stilton''' 
In 1730, Thornhill discovered a distinctive blue cheese while visiting a small farm near Melton Mowbray in rural Leicestershire - possibly Quenby Hall in Hungarton. He fell in love with the cheese and made a business arrangement that granted the Bell Inn (in Stilton) exclusive marketing rights to blue Stilton. Soon thereafter, wagon loads of cheese were being delivered to the inn. Since the main stagecoach routes from London to Northern England passed through the village of Stilton he was able to promote the sale of this cheese and the legend of Stilton rapidly spread. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilton_(cheese) WIKI]

==Page 236==
'''Nynauld''' 
Dr. Jean de Nynauld wrote ''De la Lycanthropie, Transformation, et Extase des Sorciers'', published in Paris 1615, a tractate that countered the views of a previously published book by Jean Bodin, that explained how the Devil could transform a man into a wolf. Nynauld's views were that this could not happen, and any ideas of it were pure hallucination.

==Annotation Index==

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==Page 228==
'''"...it's old Back-to-Front" 
Emerson wore his shirt back to front and his legs wrapped in sacking so as not to scorch them as he sat over the fire.

'''Porter''' 
Porter is a dark-coloured style of beer. The history and development of stout and porter are intertwined. The name was first used in the 18th century from its popularity with the street and river porters of London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_beer WIKI].

==Page 229==
'''preferring 365 and a Quarter''' Roughly the length of a year (or the number of days it takes for the earth to rotate the sun).

==Page 232==
'''Thornton-le-Beans''' 
Thornton-le-Beans is a village and civil parish in the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire, England. The village has one pub called The Crosby behind which there is a campsite. In 2007 the Pub won best Pub Grub in the Flavours of Hambleton Awards. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thornton-le-Beans WIKI]

'''days of the '45''' 
Refers to the Jacobite rebellion/uprising in 1745 led by Bonnie Prince Charlie. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobite_Rising#The_Rebellion.2FRising_of_1745_.28.27The_Forty-Five.27.29 WIKI].

'''the Young Pretender''' 
Charles Edward Stuart (31 December 1720 – 31 January 1788) was the exiled Jacobite claimant to the thrones of Great Britain and Ireland. He is commonly known to the English and the Scottish as Bonnie Prince Charlie. Charles was the son of James Francis Edward Stuart who was in turn the son of James II and VII, who had been deposed in the Revolution of 1688. The Jacobite movement tried to restore the family to the throne. After his father's death, Charles was recognised as Charles III by his supporters; his opponents referred to him as The Young Pretender. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young_Pretender WIKI]

==Page 233==
'''Staindrop Church''' 
Staindrop is a village in County Durham, in England. It is situated to the east of Barnard Castle. Lord Barnard of Raby Castle also resides on the border. The village has one of the long greens typical of County Durham. The mediaeval church is impressive and contains fine effigies of the Neville family. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staindrop WIKI]

'''Pearl of Wearside''' 
Wearside is an unrecognised conurbation in North East England, mostly referring to the City of Sunderland, but also including parts of County Durham including Seaham. The people of Wearside often refer to themselves as "Mackems". The principle settlement of Wearside is Sunderland. Other areas of the conurbation are Washington, Durham, Chester-le-Street, Houghton-le-Spring, Easington, Hetton-le-Hole and Seaham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wearside WIKI]

'''Arts of Pluto''' 
Pluto was originally the Roman god of certain metals and fish, but because these materials are mined he also took on the role of god of the underworld. Although Hades was seen as somewhat merciless, Pluto was worshipped by the Romans for some of his kinder attributes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto_(mythology) WIKI]

==Page 235==
'''Pizza... Mount Vesuvius''' 
Authentic Neapolitan pizzas are made with local ingredients like San Marzano tomatoes, which grow on the volcanic plains to the south of Mount Vesuvius. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizza WIKI] Here's another good [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK] on the origins/evolution of pizza.

'''''Torpedo''''' 
Torpedo is a group of rays, commonly called electric rays or torpedoes. It is the only genus in the family Torpedinidae, in the order Torpediniformes. They are slow-moving bottom-dwellers capable of generating electricity as a defense and feeding mechanism. There are between fifteen and twenty-two extant species. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Torpedo_(genus) WIKI]

'''"Neopolitans, ''Cicinielli''... And Cheese?''' 
End of 18th century, Neopolitans had several recipes of pizza: pizza with garlic and olive oil, pizza with small cicinielli fish, and pizza with anchovy and mozzarella cheese brought to Italy shortly before (mozzarella was invented by the Hindu in the 7th century - they made it using cow (buffalo species) milk only). Paraphrased from [http://www.pantagruel.com.ua/en/essays/e3162.html LINK]

'''Stilton''' 
In 1730, Thornhill discovered a distinctive blue cheese while visiting a small farm near Melton Mowbray in rural Leicestershire - possibly Quenby Hall in Hungarton. He fell in love with the cheese and made a business arrangement that granted the Bell Inn (in Stilton) exclusive marketing rights to blue Stilton. Soon thereafter, wagon loads of cheese were being delivered to the inn. Since the main stagecoach routes from London to Northern England passed through the village of Stilton he was able to promote the sale of this cheese and the legend of Stilton rapidly spread. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stilton_(cheese) WIKI]

==Page 236==
'''Nynauld''' 
Dr. Jean de Nynauld wrote ''De la Lycanthropie, Transformation, et Extase des Sorciers'', published in Paris 1615, a tractate that countered the views of a previously published book by Jean Bodin, that explained how the Devil could transform a man into a wolf. Nynauld's views were that this could not happen, and any ideas of it were pure hallucination.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

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2011-06-21T11:14:37Z

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==Page 215==
'''Fr. Boscovich''' [[Image:Boscovich.gif|thumb|Father Boscovich|right]]
Roger Joseph Boscovich (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, Jesuit, and according to some a polymath from Ragusa (today Dubrovnik, in Croatia), who lived for a time in France, England and some Italian states. He is famous for his atomic theory and made many important contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon... Note: like Maskelyne, there is a lunar crater named after him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boscovich WIKI]

'''Loyolan Image... Stiletto-Waver... which distinguishes ''El Autentico''''' 
Saint Ignatius of Loyola (Basque: Loiolako Inazio, Eneko Loiolakoa, Spanish: Ignacio de Loyola), (1491 – July 31, 1556) was a Spanish knight, who became a hermit and priest, founding the Society of Jesus and becoming its first Superior General. Ignatius and the Jesuits became major figures in the Counter-Reformation, where the Catholic Church worked to reform itself from within and countered the theology of Protestantism. After his death he was beatified and then on March 12, 1622, was canonized. The feast day of Ignatius is celebrated on July 31 — he is the patron saint of soldiers, the Society of Jesus, the Basque Country, the provinces of Guipúzcoa and Biscay, among other things. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola WIKI].

'''Hob Headless''' 
A hobgoblin. More info on this particular one in history, [http://www.nemain.co.uk/index.php/european-legendary-creatures/236-hob-headless.html here].

==Page 216==
'''Haggis''' 
n. A Scottish dish consisting of a mixture of the minced heart, lungs, and liver of a sheep or calf mixed with suet, onions, oatmeal, and seasonings and boiled in the stomach of the slaughtered animal.

'''William Emerson a Wizard''' 
William Emerson (14 May 1701 - 20 May 1782), English mathematician, was born at Hurworth, near Darlington... He had a small estate in Weardale called Castle Gate situated not far from Eastgate where he would repair to work throughout the Summer on projects as disparate as stonemasonry and watchmaking. Unsuccessful as a teacher, he devoted himself entirely to studious retirement. Possessed of remarkable energy and forthrightness of speech,Emerson published many works which are singularly free from errata. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_(mathematician) WIKI].

[I know that Emerson has already been noted, but for flow of use, wanted to annotate again here, it being the first time the reader "sees" Emerson]

'''Dr. Mesmer''' 
Franz Anton Mesmer (born Friedrich Anton Mesmer; May 23, 1734 – March 5, 1815) was a German physician and astrologist, who discovered what he called magnétisme animal (animal magnetism) and other spiritual forces often grouped together as mesmerism. The evolution of Mesmer's ideas and practices led Scottish surgeon James Braid to develop hypnosis in 1842. Mesmer's name is the root of the English verb "mesmerize". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Mesmer WIKI].

==Page 218==
'''Ley-Lines''' 
Anachronism: The concept of ley lines was first proposed by Alfred Watkins. On 30 June 1921, Watkins visited Blackwardine in Herefordshire, and went riding a horse near some hills in the vicinity of Bredwardine, when he noted that many of the footpaths there seemed to connect one hilltop to another in a straight line. He was studying a map when he noticed places in alignment. "The whole thing came to me in a flash", he later told his son. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_line WIKI]

'''Bisley Church''' 
The 13th century church, St John the Baptist, was donated to the village by the Abbey monks over 600 years ago. The church features a medieval bell and a 15th century porch which is said to have been built from a single oak tree. A nearby spring was once known as the 'Holy Well of St John the Baptist', and was said to have medicinal powers. Its waters were used for local baptisms until the early 20th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley,_Surrey WIKI] - A more informative link [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~engsurry/bisley/church.htm HERE].

'''Great Badminton''' 
Badminton House is a large country house in Gloucestershire, England, and has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Beaufort since the late 17th century, when the family moved from Raglan Castle, which had been ruined in the English Civil War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_House WIKI]

'''Long Barrow''' 
A long barrow is a prehistoric monument dating to the early Neolithic period. They are rectangular or trapezoidal earth mounds traditionally interpreted as collective tombs. Long barrows are also typical for several Celtic, Slavic, and Baltic cultures of Northern Europe of the 1st millennium AD. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_barrow WIKI].

==Page 219==
'''Roman Palimpsest''' 
A palimpsest is a manuscript page from a scroll or book that has been scraped off and used again. The word "palimpsest" comes through Latin from Greek παλιν + ψαω = (palin "again" + psao "I scrape"), and meant "scraped (clean and used) again." Romans wrote on wax-coated tablets that could be smoothed and reused, and a passing use of the rather bookish term "palimpsest" by Cicero seems to refer to this practice. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palimpsest WIKI]

'''Brigantum''' 
Isurium Brigantum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Aldborough, in North Yorkshire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isurium_Brigantum WIKI].

'''Mithras''' 
The Mithraic Mysteries or Mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a mystery religion which became popular among the military in the Roman Empire, from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. Information on the cult is based mainly on interpretations of monuments. These depict Mithras as born from a rock and sacrificing a bull. His worshippers had a complex system of 7 grades of initiation, with ritual meals. Little else is known for certain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithras WIKI].

'''Chaldrons''' 
A chaldron (also chauldron or chalder) was a dry English measure of volume, not a weight, mostly used for coal; the word itself is an obsolete spelling of cauldron. It was used from the 13th century until 1963 when it was abolished by the Weights and Measures Act.

==Page 220==
'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Paul Euler (15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist who spent most of his life in Russia and Germany. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, and astronomy. The asteroid 2002 Euler was named in his honor. He was a devout Christian (and believer in biblical inerrancy) who wrote apologetics and argued forcefully against the prominent atheists of his time. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler WIKI].

'''The first book he publish'd was upon Fluxions.''' 
Newton's name for the form of differential calculus he developed was the "Method of Fluxions", see [http://www.archive.org/details/methodoffluxions00newt].

==Page 221==
'''Dodman''' 
The 'inventor' of ley lines, Alfred Watkins (see above, p.218 re: Ley-Lines), thought that in the words "dodman" and the builder's "hod" there was a survival of an ancient British term for a surveyor. Watkins felt that the name came about because the snail's two horns resembled a surveyor's two surveying rods. Watkins also supported this idea with an etymology from 'doddering ' along and 'dodge' (akin, in his mind, to the series of actions a surveyor would carry out in moving his rod back and forth until it accurately lined up with another one as a backsight or foresight) and the Welsh verb 'dodi' meaning to lay or place. He thus decided that The Long Man of Wilmington was an image of an ancient surveyor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodman WIKI].

==Page 222==
'''St. Omer''' 
Godfrey of Saint-Omer (also known as Gaufred, Godefroi, or Godfrey de St Omer, Saint Omer) was a French knight, one of the founding members of the Knights Templar in 1119. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_de_Saint-Omer WIKI].

'''De Litteraria Expeditione et Soforthia''' 
This translates to "about letter military operation and soforthia," so maybe: "you've studied about the letter of military operation and so forth." '''....?''' 

I think it is "The literature of the crusades and so forth."

'''Rome to Rimini''' 
The Via Flaminia was a Roman road leading from Rome to Ariminum (Rimini), and was the most important route to the north. It was constructed by Gaius Flaminius during his censorship (220 BC)... The importance of the ancient Via Flaminia is twofold: during the period of Roman expansion in the 3rd century BC and 2nd century BC, the Flaminia became, with the cheaper sea route, a main axis of transportation by which wheat from the Po valley supplied Rome and central Italy; during the period of Roman decline, the Flaminia was the main road leading into the heartland of Italy: it was taken by Julius Caesar at the beginning of the civil war, but also by various barbarian hordes, Byzantine generals, etc. A number of major battles were therefore fought on or near the Via Flaminia, for example at Sentinum (near the modern Sassoferrato) and near Tadinum (the modern Gualdo Tadino). In the early Middle Ages, the road, controlled by the Eastern Empire, was a civilizing influence, and accounted for much of what historians call the "Byzantine corridor". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Flaminia WIKI]

==Page 223==
'''mio caro Ruggiero''' 
my dear Roger (Italian)

'''Ragusa''' 
Ragusa (Sicilian: Rausa) is a city in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Ragusa, on the island of Sicily, with around 75,000 inhabitants. It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusa,_Italy WIKI].

==Page 224==
'''Maria Theresa... our last Protector''' 
Maria Theresa (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Duchess of Lorraine, German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria WIKI].

Though originally the Jesuits' "protector", it wouldnt be for long: Her relationship with the Jesuits was of complex nature. Members of this order educated her, served as her confessors and supervised the religious education of her eldest son. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. However, the queen's ministers managed to convince her that they pose danger to her monarchical authority. Not without much hesitation and regret, she issued a decree which removed them from all the institutions of the monarchy and carried it out thoroughly. She forbade the publication of Pope Clement XIII's bull which was in favour of the Jesuits and promptly confiscated their property when Pope Clement XIV suppressed the order.

'''Bourbons''' 
The French royal family that ruled from 1589, were ousted in the revolution, restored after Napoleon's abdication, and finally removed in the July revolution of 1830. A cadet branch, the House of Orléans, ruled for a further 18 years (1830–1848), until it too was overthrown. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bourbon#The_Bourbon_Restoration MORE AT WIKIPEDIA]

==Page 225==
'''Calvert''' 
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (February 6, 1731–September 4, 1771) was an English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore. When his father died in 1751, he inherited the Proprietary Governorship of the Province of Maryland. The province was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Calvert,_6th_Baron_Baltimore WIKI].

'''Tale of Sir Henry Vane the younger''' 
Sir Henry Vane (1613 – June 14, 1662), son of Henry Vane the Elder, served as a statesman and Member of Parliament in a career spanning England and Massachusetts. A constant theme of his life was religious tolerance. He was a leading Parliamentarian during the English Civil War. Vane served on the Council of State during the Interregnum, but refused to take the oath which expressed approval of the king's execution. At the Restoration in 1660, after much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act. In 1662, he was tried for high treason, found guilty, and beheaded on Tower Hill. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger WIKI].

==Page 226==
'''Jacobites''' 
Jacobitism was (and, to a limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The movement took its name from the Latin form Jacobus of the name of King James II and VII. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobitism WIKI].

'''Cromwell''' 
Richard Cromwell (4 October 1626 – 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and was the second Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, for just under nine months, from 3 September 1658 until 25 May 1659. Cromwell's enemies dubbed him Tumbledown Dick or Queen Dick for his indecisive character. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cromwell WIKI]

'''Restoration''' 
The English Restoration, often shortened to the Restoration, began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Commonwealth of England that followed the English Civil War... The Protectorate, which had preceded the English Restoration and followed the Commonwealth, might have continued if Oliver Cromwell's son Richard had been capable of carrying on his father's policies. Richard Cromwell's main weakness was that he did not have the confidence of the army. After seven months the army removed him and on 6 May 1659 it reinstalled the Rump Parliament. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Restoration WIKI].

'''William of Orange''' 
William III (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702) was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland. He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy". A member of the House of Orange-Nassau, William won the English, Scottish and Irish crowns following the Glorious Revolution, in which his uncle and father-in-law James II was deposed. In England, Scotland and Ireland, William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary II, until her death on 28 December 1694. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England WIKI].

'''Hanovers''' 
The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hanover WIKI]

'''Stuart Charters''' 
The practice in Stuart charters of specifying by name the members of the governing body and holders of special offices opened the way to a "purging" of the hostile spirits when new charters were required. There were also rather vaguely worded clauses authorizing the dismissal of officers for misconduct, though as a rule the appointments were for life. When under the Stuarts and under the Commonwealth political and religious feeling ran high in the boroughs, use was made of these clauses both by the majority on the council and by the central government to mould the character of the council by a drastic "purging." Another means of control first used under the Commonwealth was afforded by the various acts of parliament, which subjected all holders of municipal office to the test of an oath. Under the Commonwealth there was no improvement in the methods used by the central government to control the boroughs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_borough_status_in_England_and_Wales#Charters WIKI].

'''Pym''' 
John Pym (1584 – 8 December 1643) was an English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of James I and then Charles I. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pym WIKI]

Regarding the convo they are having here: Sir Henry Vane Jr. was instrumental in the impeachment of the Earl of Strafford. He passed to John Pym some copied notes of his father's, of a Privy Council meeting. He claimed that these demonstrated that Strafford had an intention to use the Irish Army to subjugate England. The evidence, when examined, turned out to be second-hand, ambiguous, and hotly disputed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger WIKI]

==Page 227==
'''Jansenists''' 
Jansenism was a branch of Catholic thought (condemned by Pope Innocent X in 1655) that arose in the frame of the Counter-Reformation and the aftermath of the Council of Trent (1545-1563). It emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. Originating in the writings of the Dutch theologian Cornelius Otto Jansen, Jansenism formed a distinct movement within the Catholic Church from the 16th to 18th centuries, and found its most important stronghold in the Parisian convent of Port-Royal, haven of many important theologians and writers (Antoine Arnauld, Pierre Nicole, Blaise Pascal, Jean Racine, etc.).

The term itself was coined by its Jesuit opponents, who accused them of being close to Calvinists, as Jansenists identified themselves as rigorous followers of Augustinism. Several propositions supported by Jansenists, in particular concerning the relationship between human's free will and "efficacious grace", were condemned by the Pope, and the movement thus deemed heretical. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jansenists WIKI].

'''Ramillies Wig''' 
See this [http://www.umich.edu/~ece/student_projects/self-improvement/men'sdress.htm#midM LINK] for a pic of our boy David Garrick wearing a Ramillies wig.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 22: 215-227

2011-06-21T11:13:56Z

Lorenz: /* Page 224 */

==Page 215==
'''Fr. Boscovich''' [[Image:Boscovich.gif|thumb|Father Boscovich|right]]
Roger Joseph Boscovich (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, Jesuit, and according to some a polymath from Ragusa (today Dubrovnik, in Croatia), who lived for a time in France, England and some Italian states. He is famous for his atomic theory and made many important contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon... Note: like Maskelyne, there is a lunar crater named after him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boscovich WIKI]

'''Loyolan Image... Stiletto-Waver... which distinguishes ''El Autentico''''' 
Saint Ignatius of Loyola (Basque: Loiolako Inazio, Eneko Loiolakoa, Spanish: Ignacio de Loyola), (1491 – July 31, 1556) was a Spanish knight, who became a hermit and priest, founding the Society of Jesus and becoming its first Superior General. Ignatius and the Jesuits became major figures in the Counter-Reformation, where the Catholic Church worked to reform itself from within and countered the theology of Protestantism. After his death he was beatified and then on March 12, 1622, was canonized. The feast day of Ignatius is celebrated on July 31 — he is the patron saint of soldiers, the Society of Jesus, the Basque Country, the provinces of Guipúzcoa and Biscay, among other things. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola WIKI].

'''Hob Headless''' 
A hobgoblin. More info on this particular one in history, [http://www.nemain.co.uk/index.php/european-legendary-creatures/236-hob-headless.html here].

==Page 216==
'''Haggis''' 
n. A Scottish dish consisting of a mixture of the minced heart, lungs, and liver of a sheep or calf mixed with suet, onions, oatmeal, and seasonings and boiled in the stomach of the slaughtered animal.

'''William Emerson a Wizard''' 
William Emerson (14 May 1701 - 20 May 1782), English mathematician, was born at Hurworth, near Darlington... He had a small estate in Weardale called Castle Gate situated not far from Eastgate where he would repair to work throughout the Summer on projects as disparate as stonemasonry and watchmaking. Unsuccessful as a teacher, he devoted himself entirely to studious retirement. Possessed of remarkable energy and forthrightness of speech,Emerson published many works which are singularly free from errata. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_(mathematician) WIKI].

[I know that Emerson has already been noted, but for flow of use, wanted to annotate again here, it being the first time the reader "sees" Emerson]

'''Dr. Mesmer''' 
Franz Anton Mesmer (born Friedrich Anton Mesmer; May 23, 1734 – March 5, 1815) was a German physician and astrologist, who discovered what he called magnétisme animal (animal magnetism) and other spiritual forces often grouped together as mesmerism. The evolution of Mesmer's ideas and practices led Scottish surgeon James Braid to develop hypnosis in 1842. Mesmer's name is the root of the English verb "mesmerize". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Mesmer WIKI].

==Page 218==
'''Ley-Lines''' 
Anachronism: The concept of ley lines was first proposed by Alfred Watkins. On 30 June 1921, Watkins visited Blackwardine in Herefordshire, and went riding a horse near some hills in the vicinity of Bredwardine, when he noted that many of the footpaths there seemed to connect one hilltop to another in a straight line. He was studying a map when he noticed places in alignment. "The whole thing came to me in a flash", he later told his son. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_line WIKI]

'''Bisley Church''' 
The 13th century church, St John the Baptist, was donated to the village by the Abbey monks over 600 years ago. The church features a medieval bell and a 15th century porch which is said to have been built from a single oak tree. A nearby spring was once known as the 'Holy Well of St John the Baptist', and was said to have medicinal powers. Its waters were used for local baptisms until the early 20th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley,_Surrey WIKI] - A more informative link [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~engsurry/bisley/church.htm HERE].

'''Great Badminton''' 
Badminton House is a large country house in Gloucestershire, England, and has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Beaufort since the late 17th century, when the family moved from Raglan Castle, which had been ruined in the English Civil War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_House WIKI]

'''Long Barrow''' 
A long barrow is a prehistoric monument dating to the early Neolithic period. They are rectangular or trapezoidal earth mounds traditionally interpreted as collective tombs. Long barrows are also typical for several Celtic, Slavic, and Baltic cultures of Northern Europe of the 1st millennium AD. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_barrow WIKI].

==Page 219==
'''Roman Palimpsest''' 
A palimpsest is a manuscript page from a scroll or book that has been scraped off and used again. The word "palimpsest" comes through Latin from Greek παλιν + ψαω = (palin "again" + psao "I scrape"), and meant "scraped (clean and used) again." Romans wrote on wax-coated tablets that could be smoothed and reused, and a passing use of the rather bookish term "palimpsest" by Cicero seems to refer to this practice. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palimpsest WIKI]

'''Brigantum''' 
Isurium Brigantum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Aldborough, in North Yorkshire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isurium_Brigantum WIKI].

'''Mithras''' 
The Mithraic Mysteries or Mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a mystery religion which became popular among the military in the Roman Empire, from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. Information on the cult is based mainly on interpretations of monuments. These depict Mithras as born from a rock and sacrificing a bull. His worshippers had a complex system of 7 grades of initiation, with ritual meals. Little else is known for certain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithras WIKI].

'''Chaldrons''' 
A chaldron (also chauldron or chalder) was a dry English measure of volume, not a weight, mostly used for coal; the word itself is an obsolete spelling of cauldron. It was used from the 13th century until 1963 when it was abolished by the Weights and Measures Act.

==Page 220==
'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Paul Euler (15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist who spent most of his life in Russia and Germany. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, and astronomy. The asteroid 2002 Euler was named in his honor. He was a devout Christian (and believer in biblical inerrancy) who wrote apologetics and argued forcefully against the prominent atheists of his time. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler WIKI].

'''The first book he publish'd was upon Fluxions.''' 
Newton's name for the form of differential calculus he developed was the "Method of Fluxions", see [http://www.archive.org/details/methodoffluxions00newt].

==Page 221==
'''Dodman''' 
The 'inventor' of ley lines, Alfred Watkins (see above, p.218 re: Ley-Lines), thought that in the words "dodman" and the builder's "hod" there was a survival of an ancient British term for a surveyor. Watkins felt that the name came about because the snail's two horns resembled a surveyor's two surveying rods. Watkins also supported this idea with an etymology from 'doddering ' along and 'dodge' (akin, in his mind, to the series of actions a surveyor would carry out in moving his rod back and forth until it accurately lined up with another one as a backsight or foresight) and the Welsh verb 'dodi' meaning to lay or place. He thus decided that The Long Man of Wilmington was an image of an ancient surveyor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodman WIKI].

==Page 222==
'''St. Omer''' 
Godfrey of Saint-Omer (also known as Gaufred, Godefroi, or Godfrey de St Omer, Saint Omer) was a French knight, one of the founding members of the Knights Templar in 1119. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_de_Saint-Omer WIKI].

'''De Litteraria Expeditione et Soforthia''' 
This translates to "about letter military operation and soforthia," so maybe: "you've studied about the letter of military operation and so forth." '''....?''' 

I think it is "The literature of the crusades and so forth."

'''Rome to Rimini''' 
The Via Flaminia was a Roman road leading from Rome to Ariminum (Rimini), and was the most important route to the north. It was constructed by Gaius Flaminius during his censorship (220 BC)... The importance of the ancient Via Flaminia is twofold: during the period of Roman expansion in the 3rd century BC and 2nd century BC, the Flaminia became, with the cheaper sea route, a main axis of transportation by which wheat from the Po valley supplied Rome and central Italy; during the period of Roman decline, the Flaminia was the main road leading into the heartland of Italy: it was taken by Julius Caesar at the beginning of the civil war, but also by various barbarian hordes, Byzantine generals, etc. A number of major battles were therefore fought on or near the Via Flaminia, for example at Sentinum (near the modern Sassoferrato) and near Tadinum (the modern Gualdo Tadino). In the early Middle Ages, the road, controlled by the Eastern Empire, was a civilizing influence, and accounted for much of what historians call the "Byzantine corridor". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Flaminia WIKI]

==Page 223==
'''mio caro Ruggiero''' 
my dear Roger (Italian)

'''Ragusa''' 
Ragusa (Sicilian: Rausa) is a city in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Ragusa, on the island of Sicily, with around 75,000 inhabitants. It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusa,_Italy WIKI].

==Page 224==
'''Maria Theresa... our last Protector''' 
Maria Theresa (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Duchess of Lorraine, German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria WIKI].

Though originally the Jesuits' "protector", it wouldnt be for long: Her relationship with the Jesuits was of complex nature. Members of this order educated her, served as her confessors and supervised the religious education of her eldest son. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. However, the queen's ministers managed to convince her that they pose danger to her monarchical authority. Not without much hesitation and regret, she issued a decree which removed them from all the institutions of the monarchy and carried it out thoroughly. She forbade the publication of Pope Clement XIII's bull which was in favour of the Jesuits and promptly confiscated their property when Pope Clement XIV suppressed the order.

'''Bourbons''' 
The French royal family that ruled from 1589, were ousted in the revolution, restored after Napoleon's abdication, and finally removed in the July revolution of 1830. A cadet branch, the House of Orléans, ruled for a further 18 years (1830–1848), until it too was overthrown. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Bourbon#The_Bourbon_Restoration]

==Page 225==
'''Calvert''' 
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (February 6, 1731–September 4, 1771) was an English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore. When his father died in 1751, he inherited the Proprietary Governorship of the Province of Maryland. The province was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Calvert,_6th_Baron_Baltimore WIKI].

'''Tale of Sir Henry Vane the younger''' 
Sir Henry Vane (1613 – June 14, 1662), son of Henry Vane the Elder, served as a statesman and Member of Parliament in a career spanning England and Massachusetts. A constant theme of his life was religious tolerance. He was a leading Parliamentarian during the English Civil War. Vane served on the Council of State during the Interregnum, but refused to take the oath which expressed approval of the king's execution. At the Restoration in 1660, after much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act. In 1662, he was tried for high treason, found guilty, and beheaded on Tower Hill. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger WIKI].

==Page 226==
'''Jacobites''' 
Jacobitism was (and, to a limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The movement took its name from the Latin form Jacobus of the name of King James II and VII. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobitism WIKI].

'''Cromwell''' 
Richard Cromwell (4 October 1626 – 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and was the second Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, for just under nine months, from 3 September 1658 until 25 May 1659. Cromwell's enemies dubbed him Tumbledown Dick or Queen Dick for his indecisive character. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cromwell WIKI]

'''Restoration''' 
The English Restoration, often shortened to the Restoration, began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Commonwealth of England that followed the English Civil War... The Protectorate, which had preceded the English Restoration and followed the Commonwealth, might have continued if Oliver Cromwell's son Richard had been capable of carrying on his father's policies. Richard Cromwell's main weakness was that he did not have the confidence of the army. After seven months the army removed him and on 6 May 1659 it reinstalled the Rump Parliament. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Restoration WIKI].

'''William of Orange''' 
William III (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702) was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland. He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy". A member of the House of Orange-Nassau, William won the English, Scottish and Irish crowns following the Glorious Revolution, in which his uncle and father-in-law James II was deposed. In England, Scotland and Ireland, William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary II, until her death on 28 December 1694. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England WIKI].

'''Hanovers''' 
The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hanover WIKI]

'''Stuart Charters''' 
The practice in Stuart charters of specifying by name the members of the governing body and holders of special offices opened the way to a "purging" of the hostile spirits when new charters were required. There were also rather vaguely worded clauses authorizing the dismissal of officers for misconduct, though as a rule the appointments were for life. When under the Stuarts and under the Commonwealth political and religious feeling ran high in the boroughs, use was made of these clauses both by the majority on the council and by the central government to mould the character of the council by a drastic "purging." Another means of control first used under the Commonwealth was afforded by the various acts of parliament, which subjected all holders of municipal office to the test of an oath. Under the Commonwealth there was no improvement in the methods used by the central government to control the boroughs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_borough_status_in_England_and_Wales#Charters WIKI].

'''Pym''' 
John Pym (1584 – 8 December 1643) was an English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of James I and then Charles I. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pym WIKI]

Regarding the convo they are having here: Sir Henry Vane Jr. was instrumental in the impeachment of the Earl of Strafford. He passed to John Pym some copied notes of his father's, of a Privy Council meeting. He claimed that these demonstrated that Strafford had an intention to use the Irish Army to subjugate England. The evidence, when examined, turned out to be second-hand, ambiguous, and hotly disputed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger WIKI]

==Page 227==
'''Jansenists''' 
Jansenism was a branch of Catholic thought (condemned by Pope Innocent X in 1655) that arose in the frame of the Counter-Reformation and the aftermath of the Council of Trent (1545-1563). It emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. Originating in the writings of the Dutch theologian Cornelius Otto Jansen, Jansenism formed a distinct movement within the Catholic Church from the 16th to 18th centuries, and found its most important stronghold in the Parisian convent of Port-Royal, haven of many important theologians and writers (Antoine Arnauld, Pierre Nicole, Blaise Pascal, Jean Racine, etc.).

The term itself was coined by its Jesuit opponents, who accused them of being close to Calvinists, as Jansenists identified themselves as rigorous followers of Augustinism. Several propositions supported by Jansenists, in particular concerning the relationship between human's free will and "efficacious grace", were condemned by the Pope, and the movement thus deemed heretical. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jansenists WIKI].

'''Ramillies Wig''' 
See this [http://www.umich.edu/~ece/student_projects/self-improvement/men'sdress.htm#midM LINK] for a pic of our boy David Garrick wearing a Ramillies wig.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 22: 215-227

2011-06-21T10:55:38Z

Lorenz: /* Page 222 */

==Page 215==
'''Fr. Boscovich''' [[Image:Boscovich.gif|thumb|Father Boscovich|right]]
Roger Joseph Boscovich (18 May 1711 – 13 February 1787) was a physicist, astronomer, mathematician, philosopher, diplomat, poet, Jesuit, and according to some a polymath from Ragusa (today Dubrovnik, in Croatia), who lived for a time in France, England and some Italian states. He is famous for his atomic theory and made many important contributions to astronomy, including the first geometric procedure for determining the equator of a rotating planet from three observations of a surface feature and for computing the orbit of a planet from three observations of its position. In 1753 he also discovered the absence of atmosphere on the Moon... Note: like Maskelyne, there is a lunar crater named after him. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boscovich WIKI]

'''Loyolan Image... Stiletto-Waver... which distinguishes ''El Autentico''''' 
Saint Ignatius of Loyola (Basque: Loiolako Inazio, Eneko Loiolakoa, Spanish: Ignacio de Loyola), (1491 – July 31, 1556) was a Spanish knight, who became a hermit and priest, founding the Society of Jesus and becoming its first Superior General. Ignatius and the Jesuits became major figures in the Counter-Reformation, where the Catholic Church worked to reform itself from within and countered the theology of Protestantism. After his death he was beatified and then on March 12, 1622, was canonized. The feast day of Ignatius is celebrated on July 31 — he is the patron saint of soldiers, the Society of Jesus, the Basque Country, the provinces of Guipúzcoa and Biscay, among other things. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignatius_of_Loyola WIKI].

'''Hob Headless''' 
A hobgoblin. More info on this particular one in history, [http://www.nemain.co.uk/index.php/european-legendary-creatures/236-hob-headless.html here].

==Page 216==
'''Haggis''' 
n. A Scottish dish consisting of a mixture of the minced heart, lungs, and liver of a sheep or calf mixed with suet, onions, oatmeal, and seasonings and boiled in the stomach of the slaughtered animal.

'''William Emerson a Wizard''' 
William Emerson (14 May 1701 - 20 May 1782), English mathematician, was born at Hurworth, near Darlington... He had a small estate in Weardale called Castle Gate situated not far from Eastgate where he would repair to work throughout the Summer on projects as disparate as stonemasonry and watchmaking. Unsuccessful as a teacher, he devoted himself entirely to studious retirement. Possessed of remarkable energy and forthrightness of speech,Emerson published many works which are singularly free from errata. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Emerson_(mathematician) WIKI].

[I know that Emerson has already been noted, but for flow of use, wanted to annotate again here, it being the first time the reader "sees" Emerson]

'''Dr. Mesmer''' 
Franz Anton Mesmer (born Friedrich Anton Mesmer; May 23, 1734 – March 5, 1815) was a German physician and astrologist, who discovered what he called magnétisme animal (animal magnetism) and other spiritual forces often grouped together as mesmerism. The evolution of Mesmer's ideas and practices led Scottish surgeon James Braid to develop hypnosis in 1842. Mesmer's name is the root of the English verb "mesmerize". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franz_Mesmer WIKI].

==Page 218==
'''Ley-Lines''' 
Anachronism: The concept of ley lines was first proposed by Alfred Watkins. On 30 June 1921, Watkins visited Blackwardine in Herefordshire, and went riding a horse near some hills in the vicinity of Bredwardine, when he noted that many of the footpaths there seemed to connect one hilltop to another in a straight line. He was studying a map when he noticed places in alignment. "The whole thing came to me in a flash", he later told his son. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ley_line WIKI]

'''Bisley Church''' 
The 13th century church, St John the Baptist, was donated to the village by the Abbey monks over 600 years ago. The church features a medieval bell and a 15th century porch which is said to have been built from a single oak tree. A nearby spring was once known as the 'Holy Well of St John the Baptist', and was said to have medicinal powers. Its waters were used for local baptisms until the early 20th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisley,_Surrey WIKI] - A more informative link [http://www.rootsweb.ancestry.com/~engsurry/bisley/church.htm HERE].

'''Great Badminton''' 
Badminton House is a large country house in Gloucestershire, England, and has been the principal seat of the Dukes of Beaufort since the late 17th century, when the family moved from Raglan Castle, which had been ruined in the English Civil War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Badminton_House WIKI]

'''Long Barrow''' 
A long barrow is a prehistoric monument dating to the early Neolithic period. They are rectangular or trapezoidal earth mounds traditionally interpreted as collective tombs. Long barrows are also typical for several Celtic, Slavic, and Baltic cultures of Northern Europe of the 1st millennium AD. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_barrow WIKI].

==Page 219==
'''Roman Palimpsest''' 
A palimpsest is a manuscript page from a scroll or book that has been scraped off and used again. The word "palimpsest" comes through Latin from Greek παλιν + ψαω = (palin "again" + psao "I scrape"), and meant "scraped (clean and used) again." Romans wrote on wax-coated tablets that could be smoothed and reused, and a passing use of the rather bookish term "palimpsest" by Cicero seems to refer to this practice. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Palimpsest WIKI]

'''Brigantum''' 
Isurium Brigantum was a town in the Roman province of Britannia. Today it is known as Aldborough, in North Yorkshire, England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isurium_Brigantum WIKI].

'''Mithras''' 
The Mithraic Mysteries or Mysteries of Mithras (also Mithraism) was a mystery religion which became popular among the military in the Roman Empire, from the 1st to 4th centuries AD. Information on the cult is based mainly on interpretations of monuments. These depict Mithras as born from a rock and sacrificing a bull. His worshippers had a complex system of 7 grades of initiation, with ritual meals. Little else is known for certain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mithras WIKI].

'''Chaldrons''' 
A chaldron (also chauldron or chalder) was a dry English measure of volume, not a weight, mostly used for coal; the word itself is an obsolete spelling of cauldron. It was used from the 13th century until 1963 when it was abolished by the Weights and Measures Act.

==Page 220==
'''Euler''' 
Leonhard Paul Euler (15 April 1707 – 18 September 1783) was a pioneering Swiss mathematician and physicist who spent most of his life in Russia and Germany. He made important discoveries in fields as diverse as calculus and graph theory. He also introduced much of the modern mathematical terminology and notation, particularly for mathematical analysis, such as the notion of a mathematical function. He is also renowned for his work in mechanics, fluid dynamics, optics, and astronomy. The asteroid 2002 Euler was named in his honor. He was a devout Christian (and believer in biblical inerrancy) who wrote apologetics and argued forcefully against the prominent atheists of his time. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Euler WIKI].

'''The first book he publish'd was upon Fluxions.''' 
Newton's name for the form of differential calculus he developed was the "Method of Fluxions", see [http://www.archive.org/details/methodoffluxions00newt].

==Page 221==
'''Dodman''' 
The 'inventor' of ley lines, Alfred Watkins (see above, p.218 re: Ley-Lines), thought that in the words "dodman" and the builder's "hod" there was a survival of an ancient British term for a surveyor. Watkins felt that the name came about because the snail's two horns resembled a surveyor's two surveying rods. Watkins also supported this idea with an etymology from 'doddering ' along and 'dodge' (akin, in his mind, to the series of actions a surveyor would carry out in moving his rod back and forth until it accurately lined up with another one as a backsight or foresight) and the Welsh verb 'dodi' meaning to lay or place. He thus decided that The Long Man of Wilmington was an image of an ancient surveyor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodman WIKI].

==Page 222==
'''St. Omer''' 
Godfrey of Saint-Omer (also known as Gaufred, Godefroi, or Godfrey de St Omer, Saint Omer) was a French knight, one of the founding members of the Knights Templar in 1119. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Godfrey_de_Saint-Omer WIKI].

'''De Litteraria Expeditione et Soforthia''' 
This translates to "about letter military operation and soforthia," so maybe: "you've studied about the letter of military operation and so forth." '''....?''' 

I think it is "The literature of the crusades and so forth."

'''Rome to Rimini''' 
The Via Flaminia was a Roman road leading from Rome to Ariminum (Rimini), and was the most important route to the north. It was constructed by Gaius Flaminius during his censorship (220 BC)... The importance of the ancient Via Flaminia is twofold: during the period of Roman expansion in the 3rd century BC and 2nd century BC, the Flaminia became, with the cheaper sea route, a main axis of transportation by which wheat from the Po valley supplied Rome and central Italy; during the period of Roman decline, the Flaminia was the main road leading into the heartland of Italy: it was taken by Julius Caesar at the beginning of the civil war, but also by various barbarian hordes, Byzantine generals, etc. A number of major battles were therefore fought on or near the Via Flaminia, for example at Sentinum (near the modern Sassoferrato) and near Tadinum (the modern Gualdo Tadino). In the early Middle Ages, the road, controlled by the Eastern Empire, was a civilizing influence, and accounted for much of what historians call the "Byzantine corridor". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via_Flaminia WIKI]

==Page 223==
'''mio caro Ruggiero''' 
my dear Roger (Italian)

'''Ragusa''' 
Ragusa (Sicilian: Rausa) is a city in southern Italy. It is the capital of the province of Ragusa, on the island of Sicily, with around 75,000 inhabitants. It is built on a wide limestone hill between two deep valleys, Cava San Leonardo and Cava Santa Domenica. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ragusa,_Italy WIKI].

==Page 224==
'''Maria Theresa... our last Protector''' 
Maria Theresa (13 May 1717 – 29 November 1780) was the only female ruler of the Habsburg dominions and the last of the House of Habsburg. She was the sovereign of Austria, Hungary, Croatia, Bohemia, Mantua, Milan, Lodomeria and Galicia, the Austrian Netherlands, and Parma. By marriage, she was Grand Duchess of Tuscany, Duchess of Lorraine, German Queen and Holy Roman Empress. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maria_Theresa_of_Austria WIKI].

Though originally the Jesuits' "protector", it wouldnt be for long: Her relationship with the Jesuits was of complex nature. Members of this order educated her, served as her confessors and supervised the religious education of her eldest son. The Jesuits were powerful and influential in the early years of Maria Theresa's reign. However, the queen's ministers managed to convince her that they pose danger to her monarchical authority. Not without much hesitation and regret, she issued a decree which removed them from all the institutions of the monarchy and carried it out thoroughly. She forbade the publication of Pope Clement XIII's bull which was in favour of the Jesuits and promptly confiscated their property when Pope Clement XIV suppressed the order.

==Page 225==
'''Calvert''' 
Frederick Calvert, 6th Baron Baltimore (February 6, 1731–September 4, 1771) was an English nobleman and last in the line of Barons Baltimore. When his father died in 1751, he inherited the Proprietary Governorship of the Province of Maryland. The province was a colony of the Kingdom of Great Britain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frederick_Calvert,_6th_Baron_Baltimore WIKI].

'''Tale of Sir Henry Vane the younger''' 
Sir Henry Vane (1613 – June 14, 1662), son of Henry Vane the Elder, served as a statesman and Member of Parliament in a career spanning England and Massachusetts. A constant theme of his life was religious tolerance. He was a leading Parliamentarian during the English Civil War. Vane served on the Council of State during the Interregnum, but refused to take the oath which expressed approval of the king's execution. At the Restoration in 1660, after much debate in Parliament, he was exempted from the Indemnity and Oblivion Act. In 1662, he was tried for high treason, found guilty, and beheaded on Tower Hill. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger WIKI].

==Page 226==
'''Jacobites''' 
Jacobitism was (and, to a limited extent, remains) the political movement dedicated to the restoration of the Stuart kings to the thrones of England, Scotland, and Ireland. The movement took its name from the Latin form Jacobus of the name of King James II and VII. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobitism WIKI].

'''Cromwell''' 
Richard Cromwell (4 October 1626 – 12 July 1712) was the third son of Oliver Cromwell, and was the second Lord Protector of England, Scotland and Ireland, for just under nine months, from 3 September 1658 until 25 May 1659. Cromwell's enemies dubbed him Tumbledown Dick or Queen Dick for his indecisive character. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard_Cromwell WIKI]

'''Restoration''' 
The English Restoration, often shortened to the Restoration, began in 1660 when the English, Scottish and Irish monarchies were all restored under Charles II after the Commonwealth of England that followed the English Civil War... The Protectorate, which had preceded the English Restoration and followed the Commonwealth, might have continued if Oliver Cromwell's son Richard had been capable of carrying on his father's policies. Richard Cromwell's main weakness was that he did not have the confidence of the army. After seven months the army removed him and on 6 May 1659 it reinstalled the Rump Parliament. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Restoration WIKI].

'''William of Orange''' 
William III (14 November 1650 – 8 March 1702) was a sovereign Prince of Orange by birth. From 1672 he governed as Stadtholder William III of Orange over Holland, Zeeland, Utrecht, Guelders, and Overijssel of the Dutch Republic. From 1689 he reigned as William III over England and Ireland, and as William II over Scotland. He is informally known in Northern Ireland and Scotland as "King Billy". A member of the House of Orange-Nassau, William won the English, Scottish and Irish crowns following the Glorious Revolution, in which his uncle and father-in-law James II was deposed. In England, Scotland and Ireland, William ruled jointly with his wife, Mary II, until her death on 28 December 1694. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_III_of_England WIKI].

'''Hanovers''' 
The House of Hanover (the Hanoverians) is a Germanic royal dynasty which has ruled the Duchy of Brunswick-Lüneburg, the Kingdom of Hanover, the Kingdom of Great Britain and the Kingdom of Ireland. It succeeded the House of Stuart as monarchs of Great Britain and Ireland in 1714 and held that office until the death of Victoria in 1901. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Hanover WIKI]

'''Stuart Charters''' 
The practice in Stuart charters of specifying by name the members of the governing body and holders of special offices opened the way to a "purging" of the hostile spirits when new charters were required. There were also rather vaguely worded clauses authorizing the dismissal of officers for misconduct, though as a rule the appointments were for life. When under the Stuarts and under the Commonwealth political and religious feeling ran high in the boroughs, use was made of these clauses both by the majority on the council and by the central government to mould the character of the council by a drastic "purging." Another means of control first used under the Commonwealth was afforded by the various acts of parliament, which subjected all holders of municipal office to the test of an oath. Under the Commonwealth there was no improvement in the methods used by the central government to control the boroughs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_borough_status_in_England_and_Wales#Charters WIKI].

'''Pym''' 
John Pym (1584 – 8 December 1643) was an English parliamentarian, leader of the Long Parliament and a prominent critic of James I and then Charles I. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Pym WIKI]

Regarding the convo they are having here: Sir Henry Vane Jr. was instrumental in the impeachment of the Earl of Strafford. He passed to John Pym some copied notes of his father's, of a Privy Council meeting. He claimed that these demonstrated that Strafford had an intention to use the Irish Army to subjugate England. The evidence, when examined, turned out to be second-hand, ambiguous, and hotly disputed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Vane_the_Younger WIKI]

==Page 227==
'''Jansenists''' 
Jansenism was a branch of Catholic thought (condemned by Pope Innocent X in 1655) that arose in the frame of the Counter-Reformation and the aftermath of the Council of Trent (1545-1563). It emphasized original sin, human depravity, the necessity of divine grace, and predestination. Originating in the writings of the Dutch theologian Cornelius Otto Jansen, Jansenism formed a distinct movement within the Catholic Church from the 16th to 18th centuries, and found its most important stronghold in the Parisian convent of Port-Royal, haven of many important theologians and writers (Antoine Arnauld, Pierre Nicole, Blaise Pascal, Jean Racine, etc.).

The term itself was coined by its Jesuit opponents, who accused them of being close to Calvinists, as Jansenists identified themselves as rigorous followers of Augustinism. Several propositions supported by Jansenists, in particular concerning the relationship between human's free will and "efficacious grace", were condemned by the Pope, and the movement thus deemed heretical. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jansenists WIKI].

'''Ramillies Wig''' 
See this [http://www.umich.edu/~ece/student_projects/self-improvement/men'sdress.htm#midM LINK] for a pic of our boy David Garrick wearing a Ramillies wig.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 7: 58-76

2011-03-24T10:57:43Z

Lorenz: /* Page 75 */

==Page 58==

'''sepia-shadow'd''' 
sepia: NOUN: 1a. A dark brown ink or pigment originally prepared from the secretion of the cuttlefish. b. A drawing or picture done in this pigment. c. A photograph in a brown tint. 2. A dark grayish yellow brown to dark or moderate olive brown.
ADJECTIVE: 1. Of the color sepia. 2. Done or made in sepia. 
Orwell uses this phrase about street shadows--like tea-- in Keep the Aspidistra Flying.

'''Herren XVII''' 
Modern Dutch spelling "de Heeren XVII," the 17 Lords, board of governors of the V.O.C. 
When the Herren XVII ordered the Cape government in 1717 to stop granting land in freehold ... heard by the Herren XVII—who ruled in their favor in 1706, ...

'''Eighteenth Lord... never be acknowledg'd''' 
Here is what Pynchon may be meaning, as I piece it together. An expert on Holland or The East India Company can correct this. The Dutch East India Company really ran Holland at this time, until 1815 when the British took it back. So, the Eighteenth Lord who was Lord of Holland, had no power, no acknowledged existence. The Eighteenth Lord was: 
Lord Forbes is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in circa 1444 for Alexander Forbes, feudal Baron of Forbes... His [descendant], the eighteenth Lord, fought at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Wikipedia 
 
Okay, so the DEIC never "ran Holland." The British never "took Holland back in 1815, that is when the United Kingdom of the Netherlands took Halland back from Napolean. Since the book is taking place in the 1760s it is unlikely that "The eighteenth lord" refers to anyone in the future. This is not a time-travel novel.

'''V.O.C.''' 
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company.

==Page 59==

'''Monsieur Lacaille''' 
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacaille WIKI]

'''Slaves''' 
Pynchon appears to have cast around for a politically correct subtheme for the Capetown episodes, and picked slavery for want of anything more Pynchonian. He picks slavery because it is the underbelly of the enlightenment. It is the central rift that forms along the Mason-Dixon Line, and it is the paradox of America, i.e. liberty for some. What could be more Pynchonian than that?

'''Castle of the Compagnie''' 
The Castle of Good Hope, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_of_Good_Hope WIKI].

'''set against''' 
Imperialist strategy of divide-and-conquer.

==Page 60==

'''Droster''' 
drosters' - runaways from service contracts. South African usage.

'''Vroom''' 
[http://onelook.com/?w=vroo*&ls=a vroo*]. Dutch for ''pious''

'''Jethro's Tent''' 
Biblical: Jethro (also called Reuel), a Midean priest, was Moses' father-in-law. Moses came to live with Jethro after he rescued his seven daughters and helped them water their sheep. See ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%202:15-25,%20Exodus%203:1-2;&version=9; Exodus 2:15-25, 3:1-2])

'''Nimrods''' 
Biblical: Son of Cush, a founder of Babylon (see [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=1&chapter=10&verse=8&end_verse=10&version=9&context=context Genesis 10:8-10]). A hunter. Informal. A person regarded as silly, foolish, or stupid.

'''Kaffirs''' 
Early "offensive" word for a black person, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir_%28racial_term%29 WIKI].

==Page 61==

'''Fascination''' 
Pynchon needed a personality-contrast between M and D, and chose (arbitarily?) to make M melancholy but charismatic (cf Byron?) and Dixon the opposite. It's hard to see from TRP's descriptions what women see in M. 
The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon is full of passages where Mason's normally scientific writtings give way to poetic and gothic images of ghosts and devils. In the Journals he frequents massacre sites.

'''Portable Soup... Slabs''' 
An extremely reduced meat stock (not freeze-dried, just boiled down and then dried) in cakes or slabs. Heat in a pan of water and you have soup. Most users regarded it as a necessity rather than a pleasure.

'''Darlington Market''' 
In Darlington , County Durham. Still a good market today--21st Century-- says an online British guidebook.

==Page 62==

'''Kezia''' 
the name of Job's second daughter ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14]), born after prosperity had returned to him. Also Cassia.

'''Kerenhappuch''' 
(the horn of beauty), the youngest of the daughters of Job, born to him during the period of his reviving prosperity. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14])
Source: Smith's Bible Dictionary

==Page 63==

'''Imp from Hell''' 
Cf. Imp allusions and Poe story cited. Three uses so far in M & D. Here Eels impulsiveness is an apt allusion to impishness, overstated as in speech.

'''Rattle-Watch''' 
the rattle watch, appointed at the request of the burghers to relieve them of night-watch duty. 
"First, the said rattle watch shall be held to appear at the burghers' guard house after the ringing of the nine o'clock bell and together at ten o'clock shall begin making their rounds, giving notice of their presence in all the streets of the village by sounding their rattle and calling [out the hour], and this every hour of the night, until 4 o'clock in the morning. From an Orange County decree, 1859 online.

'''English Tea-Pot''' 
Free associating, Mason to English to English tea to teapot? 
"I'm a little tea-pot, short and stout" allusion? Old song.

==Page 64==

'''Vrou''' 
Dutch: lady, woman, wife. Vroom Vroom!

'''cackling''' 
# To make the shrill cry characteristic of a hen after laying an egg.
# To laugh or talk in a shrill manner.
Often said of "witches".

'''fatally but not yet mortally''' 
fatally: with fatal consequences or implications; "he was fatally ill
equipped for the climb" 
mortally: fatal 'unto death"--to an extreme. ''American Heritage Dictionary''

Is the economics behind slavery what TRP is getting at here through Austra?

==Page 65==

'''''Dagga''''' 
A drug. It consists of dry khaki-green leaves, twigs and pips. It is usually sold to the public in the form of a "stoo" (dagga rolled into a small packet) or a cigarette called a zol, stick, reefer, skyf or joint. It smells and looks quite different from a tobacco cigarette. It is estimated that the drug dagga has been with us since 1 000 BC.

==Page 66==

'''dorsal 'Scape''' 
Dorsal landscape = shapely rear end.

'''five Sprites''' 
The women?

'''Asian parlor-game''' 
see [[Chapter_18:_183-189#farces|four-door farces, p. 184]] and [[Chapter_18:_183-189#parlour|Parlour Game, p. 184]]

==Page 67==

'''Malays''' 
Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Malays WIKI].

'''Pygmies''' 
Pygmy as any group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches) in average height, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmies WIKI].

'''Indifference-Draught''' 
Traditionally saltpetre. Mason wants a drug to reduce his libido.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphrodisiac Anaphrodisiac]

==Page 68==

'''the wrongs committed daily...invisible, yet possessing mass and velocity''' 
Cf. gravity in GR and mass in ATD. Very Pychonesque motif and phrasing here.

'''need to keep the Ghost propitiated''' 
see the ghosts and major dark spirit in ATD.

==Page 69==

'''Velleity''' 
NOUN: Inflected forms: pl. vel·le·i·ties
1. Volition at its lowest level. 2. A mere wish or inclination.
ETYMOLOGY: New Latin velleits, from Latin velle, to wish. American heritage Dictionary

'''Rix-Dollar''' 
Reichsdollar, a Dutch coin.

German ''Reichsthaler,'' Dutch ''Rijksdaalder''; current throughout the European colonies.

'''Dutch Company which is ev'rywhere & ev'rything''' 
East India Company pervades as "[the Deists']God?"--Dixon 

'''Late Blow''' 
Mason suggests Dixon threw an illegal punch with that last metaphor comparing the East India Company with God.

'''Butter-Bag Castle''' 
Butter-Bag was slang for a Dutchman.

'''keep to the margins''' 
Dixon stays where Pynchon's valued characters live. See "Low-Lands" and passim in other works. This paragraph is so fine in expressing a kind
of place beyond all the ways of being mapped, known, predicted, so to speak. Off the grid, so to speak. Where some anarchists argue we should strive to be. Another deep Pynchon theme.

==Page 70==

'''''karis''''' 
The word was later adapted into English as ''curries.''

'''Senoi''' 
This tribe is/was real, although I did not think they were known about until the later age of anthropological study. They did share dreams and conquered their fears this way. If a child had a dream of falling, say, when shared with all, the adults would tell him to just fly next time--and he would. Their dream life was incorporates into their whole life and they were a happy, contented people. Researching.

'''''Krees''''' 
[[File:Kris_bali.jpg|thumb|Krees|right|75px]]
Like the book says, a dagger, but further, both a weapon and a spiritual object. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris WIKI].

==Page 71==

'''...fantastical beings...''' 
Note that Jorge Luis Borges' ''Book of Imaginary Beings'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Imaginary_Beings Wikipedia]) includes a listing for ''Sea Horse'' (see Borges' text on [http://borges.uiowa.edu/vakalo/zf/html/the_sea_horse.html Fantastic Zoology]); the [[S#Seahorse|Seahorse]], is, of course, the ship on which M&D sail to [[Cape of Good Hope]].

'''Shaula''' 
Second brightest star system in the constellation Scorpius, and one of the brightest stars in the nighttime sky, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Scorpii WIKI].

'''Routs''' 
See especially in this context, with ridottoes, definition #5--a fashionable gathering...with other attendant resonances of meaning. 
rout (rout) 
n. 1A)A disorderly retreat or flight following defeat. 
1B)An overwhelming defeat. 

2A) A disorderly crowd of people; a mob. 
2B) People of the lowest class; rabble. 
3) A public disturbance; a riot. 
4) A company, as of knights or wolves, that are in movement. See synonyms at flock 1. 
5) A fashionable gathering. 
tr.v., rout·ed, rout·ing, routs. 

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridottoes]]''' 
The ridotto was a space behind the theatres, much like a foyer, where visitors of all layers of society mingled and engaged in discussion, gambling, or other spirited forms of entertainment. Most visitors wore masks. It was the famous black and white bauta which made recognition virtually impossible. Started in Venice. 
In all of the approximately 20 ridotti of Venice, gambling was the main activity. Young aristocrats sold their military duty to poor souls in need of money. Servants, poets, flower girls, singers, merchants, foreign visitors, and dignitaries all passed through the ridotto. Casanova praised the beautiful women, playwright Goldoni found willing listeners to his fantastic stories in the ridotto. The painters Longhi, Guardi, and Tiepolo all found inspiration in the dark-lit establishments.

'''Ketjap''' 
Original spelling for what we now know as catsup, which seems to have come from an Asian influence on tomato sauce.

==Page 72==

'''Blight''' 
A direct address use of this verb as a noun to describe Dixon ruining [blighting] Mason's fantasies with common-sense.

'''''terre mauvais''''' 
badlands. GR: terre mauvais: "badlands" 87

==Page 73==
'''Spanish Inquisitors''' 
equated with [all] 'Authorities'!

'''two Punches in a Droll-booth''' 
As in Punch-and-Judy slapstick puppets.

'''Jesuits... Invisible College''' 
philosophical riff on whether M & D are "free" or controlled by others, Jesuits, Dixon and the Invisible College, Mason. 
The Invisible College was a precursor to the Royal Society of United Kingdom. It consisted of a group of scientists including Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, John Wallis, John Evelyn, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and William Petty. In letters in 1646 and 1647, Boyle refers to "our invisible college" or "our philosophical college". The society's common theme was to acquire knowledge through experimental investigation. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_College WIKI]

The idea of an invisible college became influential in seventeenth century Europe, in particular, in the form of a network of savants or intellectuals exchanging ideas (by post, as it would have been understood at the time). The invisible college idea is exemplified by the network of astronomers, professors, mathematicians, and natural philosophers in 16th century Europe. Men such as Johannes Kepler, Georg Joachim Rheticus, John Dee and Tycho Brahe passed information and ideas to each other in an invisible college. One of the most common methods used to communicate was through annotations written in personal copies of books that were loaned, given, or sold from person to person.

'''''Nervus Probandi''''' 
nervus probandi (L): the crux of the argument; the most conclusive and decisive proof

'''Mr. Peach''' 
Spoiler Alert: Husband of the Susannah Peach who Mason fantasizes over?

'''Spotted Cubes''' 
Dice.

'''Sector Wallah''' 
"Wallah," in British India, a specialist or tradesman. Sector Wallah, the person in charge of the Sector.

==Page 74==

'''Stuffata''' 
whole onions and meat as a stew. Also "stifado." However, see OED 1688 "stuffado" and 1771 "stuffata." Also stufata. The latter two are probably Italian. This dish is Greek.

'''dating back to Walpole''' 
Sir Robert Walpole, who held the influential office of First Lord of the Treasury. 4 April 1721 – 11 February 1742. Previous holders of the post had often been important figures in government, but not to such a degree as Walpole. His influence grew even stronger because the King, George I, was not active in English politics, preferring to concentrate on his native Hanover. Walpole is generally regarded as the first Prime Minister, not just because of his influence in Government, but because he could persuade (or force) his colleagues in the Cabinet to act in a harmonious and unified fashion, instead of intriguing against each other for more power. Walpole's office, First Lord of the Treasury, became strongly associated with the leadership of the Government; it became the position which the Prime Minister almost always held... Though Walpole is considered the first "Prime Minister," ...the powers of the monarch were slowly diminished, and those of the Prime Minister gradually increased, over the course of the following years. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole WIKI]

'''Clive''' 
Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB (29 September 1725–22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was a British soldier who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal. He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown. Together with Warren Hastings he was one of the key figures in the creation of British India. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive,_1st_Baron_Clive Clive of India WIKI]

'''Maskelyne''' [[Image:Maskelyne-nevil-astronomer-01.jpg|thumb|Dr. Nevil Maskelyne|right]]Reverend Dr Nevil Maskelyne. Astronomer, Lunarian, enemy of John Harrison, 5th Astronomer Royal. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne WIKI]

'''Robert Waddington''' 
from an old established English family. 27 M iv. Robert Waddington was born in 1743. Waddington genealogy online.

'''Bleak''' 
Bleak \Bleak\, n. [From Bleak, a., cf. Blay.] (Zo["o]l.) 
A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus), of the
family Cyprinid[ae]; the blay. [Written also blick.] Source: Webster's unabridged Dictionary 1913.

'''if Beetles be your Passion, why the Beetle Variety there!''' 
Anachronistic allusion to Charles Darwin and a famous remark about evolution? For years, after dropping out of medical school, Darwin had a passion for collecting beetles. 
And, "the contemplation of nature can give rise to some curious reflexions. There is a famous (possibly apocryphal) story about the great biologist J.B.S. Haldane.[20th Century] At a major British public occasion, Haldane was sitting next to an Anglican bishop, who asked him what biology had shown him about the designs and predilections of the Creator. Haldane is supposed to have replied "An inordinate fondness for beetles."

'''Piggotts... A long stare''' 
Piggotts were evidently a British family with members into astronomy. Later, the Victorian age, the family seemed to found a lighting company.
Piggotts have been providing Christmas Illuminations since the Victorian Age. We provide a range of modern innovative schemes: across the street' designs, building fasciae, lamp columns and themed displays. We also provide striking mall illuminations to a diverse range of customers and individuals. Piggotts service includes the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance, refurbishment and storage of your scheme.

'''St. Helena''' 
Island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena WIKI].

==Page 75==

'''Tom Birch''' 
18th Century English historian, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Birch WIKI]. Friend of Ben Franklin, and as well, member of Royal Society.

'''Bodkin''' 
medieval type of arrowhead designed to shoot through protective chain mail usually worn by Knights.

More likely refers to a thick, blunt needle used in taped or corded hemming, or in leather work.

'''History is the Dance of our Hunt for Christ''' 
Nice.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 7: 58-76

2011-03-24T10:28:46Z

Lorenz: /* Page 69 */

==Page 58==

'''sepia-shadow'd''' 
sepia: NOUN: 1a. A dark brown ink or pigment originally prepared from the secretion of the cuttlefish. b. A drawing or picture done in this pigment. c. A photograph in a brown tint. 2. A dark grayish yellow brown to dark or moderate olive brown.
ADJECTIVE: 1. Of the color sepia. 2. Done or made in sepia. 
Orwell uses this phrase about street shadows--like tea-- in Keep the Aspidistra Flying.

'''Herren XVII''' 
Modern Dutch spelling "de Heeren XVII," the 17 Lords, board of governors of the V.O.C. 
When the Herren XVII ordered the Cape government in 1717 to stop granting land in freehold ... heard by the Herren XVII—who ruled in their favor in 1706, ...

'''Eighteenth Lord... never be acknowledg'd''' 
Here is what Pynchon may be meaning, as I piece it together. An expert on Holland or The East India Company can correct this. The Dutch East India Company really ran Holland at this time, until 1815 when the British took it back. So, the Eighteenth Lord who was Lord of Holland, had no power, no acknowledged existence. The Eighteenth Lord was: 
Lord Forbes is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in circa 1444 for Alexander Forbes, feudal Baron of Forbes... His [descendant], the eighteenth Lord, fought at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Wikipedia 
 
Okay, so the DEIC never "ran Holland." The British never "took Holland back in 1815, that is when the United Kingdom of the Netherlands took Halland back from Napolean. Since the book is taking place in the 1760s it is unlikely that "The eighteenth lord" refers to anyone in the future. This is not a time-travel novel.

'''V.O.C.''' 
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company.

==Page 59==

'''Monsieur Lacaille''' 
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacaille WIKI]

'''Slaves''' 
Pynchon appears to have cast around for a politically correct subtheme for the Capetown episodes, and picked slavery for want of anything more Pynchonian. He picks slavery because it is the underbelly of the enlightenment. It is the central rift that forms along the Mason-Dixon Line, and it is the paradox of America, i.e. liberty for some. What could be more Pynchonian than that?

'''Castle of the Compagnie''' 
The Castle of Good Hope, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_of_Good_Hope WIKI].

'''set against''' 
Imperialist strategy of divide-and-conquer.

==Page 60==

'''Droster''' 
drosters' - runaways from service contracts. South African usage.

'''Vroom''' 
[http://onelook.com/?w=vroo*&ls=a vroo*]. Dutch for ''pious''

'''Jethro's Tent''' 
Biblical: Jethro (also called Reuel), a Midean priest, was Moses' father-in-law. Moses came to live with Jethro after he rescued his seven daughters and helped them water their sheep. See ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%202:15-25,%20Exodus%203:1-2;&version=9; Exodus 2:15-25, 3:1-2])

'''Nimrods''' 
Biblical: Son of Cush, a founder of Babylon (see [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=1&chapter=10&verse=8&end_verse=10&version=9&context=context Genesis 10:8-10]). A hunter. Informal. A person regarded as silly, foolish, or stupid.

'''Kaffirs''' 
Early "offensive" word for a black person, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir_%28racial_term%29 WIKI].

==Page 61==

'''Fascination''' 
Pynchon needed a personality-contrast between M and D, and chose (arbitarily?) to make M melancholy but charismatic (cf Byron?) and Dixon the opposite. It's hard to see from TRP's descriptions what women see in M. 
The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon is full of passages where Mason's normally scientific writtings give way to poetic and gothic images of ghosts and devils. In the Journals he frequents massacre sites.

'''Portable Soup... Slabs''' 
An extremely reduced meat stock (not freeze-dried, just boiled down and then dried) in cakes or slabs. Heat in a pan of water and you have soup. Most users regarded it as a necessity rather than a pleasure.

'''Darlington Market''' 
In Darlington , County Durham. Still a good market today--21st Century-- says an online British guidebook.

==Page 62==

'''Kezia''' 
the name of Job's second daughter ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14]), born after prosperity had returned to him. Also Cassia.

'''Kerenhappuch''' 
(the horn of beauty), the youngest of the daughters of Job, born to him during the period of his reviving prosperity. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14])
Source: Smith's Bible Dictionary

==Page 63==

'''Imp from Hell''' 
Cf. Imp allusions and Poe story cited. Three uses so far in M & D. Here Eels impulsiveness is an apt allusion to impishness, overstated as in speech.

'''Rattle-Watch''' 
the rattle watch, appointed at the request of the burghers to relieve them of night-watch duty. 
"First, the said rattle watch shall be held to appear at the burghers' guard house after the ringing of the nine o'clock bell and together at ten o'clock shall begin making their rounds, giving notice of their presence in all the streets of the village by sounding their rattle and calling [out the hour], and this every hour of the night, until 4 o'clock in the morning. From an Orange County decree, 1859 online.

'''English Tea-Pot''' 
Free associating, Mason to English to English tea to teapot? 
"I'm a little tea-pot, short and stout" allusion? Old song.

==Page 64==

'''Vrou''' 
Dutch: lady, woman, wife. Vroom Vroom!

'''cackling''' 
# To make the shrill cry characteristic of a hen after laying an egg.
# To laugh or talk in a shrill manner.
Often said of "witches".

'''fatally but not yet mortally''' 
fatally: with fatal consequences or implications; "he was fatally ill
equipped for the climb" 
mortally: fatal 'unto death"--to an extreme. ''American Heritage Dictionary''

Is the economics behind slavery what TRP is getting at here through Austra?

==Page 65==

'''''Dagga''''' 
A drug. It consists of dry khaki-green leaves, twigs and pips. It is usually sold to the public in the form of a "stoo" (dagga rolled into a small packet) or a cigarette called a zol, stick, reefer, skyf or joint. It smells and looks quite different from a tobacco cigarette. It is estimated that the drug dagga has been with us since 1 000 BC.

==Page 66==

'''dorsal 'Scape''' 
Dorsal landscape = shapely rear end.

'''five Sprites''' 
The women?

'''Asian parlor-game''' 
see [[Chapter_18:_183-189#farces|four-door farces, p. 184]] and [[Chapter_18:_183-189#parlour|Parlour Game, p. 184]]

==Page 67==

'''Malays''' 
Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Malays WIKI].

'''Pygmies''' 
Pygmy as any group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches) in average height, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmies WIKI].

'''Indifference-Draught''' 
Traditionally saltpetre. Mason wants a drug to reduce his libido.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphrodisiac Anaphrodisiac]

==Page 68==

'''the wrongs committed daily...invisible, yet possessing mass and velocity''' 
Cf. gravity in GR and mass in ATD. Very Pychonesque motif and phrasing here.

'''need to keep the Ghost propitiated''' 
see the ghosts and major dark spirit in ATD.

==Page 69==

'''Velleity''' 
NOUN: Inflected forms: pl. vel·le·i·ties
1. Volition at its lowest level. 2. A mere wish or inclination.
ETYMOLOGY: New Latin velleits, from Latin velle, to wish. American heritage Dictionary

'''Rix-Dollar''' 
Reichsdollar, a Dutch coin.

German ''Reichsthaler,'' Dutch ''Rijksdaalder''; current throughout the European colonies.

'''Dutch Company which is ev'rywhere & ev'rything''' 
East India Company pervades as "[the Deists']God?"--Dixon 

'''Late Blow''' 
Mason suggests Dixon threw an illegal punch with that last metaphor comparing the East India Company with God.

'''Butter-Bag Castle''' 
Butter-Bag was slang for a Dutchman.

'''keep to the margins''' 
Dixon stays where Pynchon's valued characters live. See "Low-Lands" and passim in other works. This paragraph is so fine in expressing a kind
of place beyond all the ways of being mapped, known, predicted, so to speak. Off the grid, so to speak. Where some anarchists argue we should strive to be. Another deep Pynchon theme.

==Page 70==

'''''karis''''' 
The word was later adapted into English as ''curries.''

'''Senoi''' 
This tribe is/was real, although I did not think they were known about until the later age of anthropological study. They did share dreams and conquered their fears this way. If a child had a dream of falling, say, when shared with all, the adults would tell him to just fly next time--and he would. Their dream life was incorporates into their whole life and they were a happy, contented people. Researching.

'''''Krees''''' 
[[File:Kris_bali.jpg|thumb|Krees|right|75px]]
Like the book says, a dagger, but further, both a weapon and a spiritual object. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris WIKI].

==Page 71==

'''...fantastical beings...''' 
Note that Jorge Luis Borges' ''Book of Imaginary Beings'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Imaginary_Beings Wikipedia]) includes a listing for ''Sea Horse'' (see Borges' text on [http://borges.uiowa.edu/vakalo/zf/html/the_sea_horse.html Fantastic Zoology]); the [[S#Seahorse|Seahorse]], is, of course, the ship on which M&D sail to [[Cape of Good Hope]].

'''Shaula''' 
Second brightest star system in the constellation Scorpius, and one of the brightest stars in the nighttime sky, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Scorpii WIKI].

'''Routs''' 
See especially in this context, with ridottoes, definition #5--a fashionable gathering...with other attendant resonances of meaning. 
rout (rout) 
n. 1A)A disorderly retreat or flight following defeat. 
1B)An overwhelming defeat. 

2A) A disorderly crowd of people; a mob. 
2B) People of the lowest class; rabble. 
3) A public disturbance; a riot. 
4) A company, as of knights or wolves, that are in movement. See synonyms at flock 1. 
5) A fashionable gathering. 
tr.v., rout·ed, rout·ing, routs. 

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridottoes]]''' 
The ridotto was a space behind the theatres, much like a foyer, where visitors of all layers of society mingled and engaged in discussion, gambling, or other spirited forms of entertainment. Most visitors wore masks. It was the famous black and white bauta which made recognition virtually impossible. Started in Venice. 
In all of the approximately 20 ridotti of Venice, gambling was the main activity. Young aristocrats sold their military duty to poor souls in need of money. Servants, poets, flower girls, singers, merchants, foreign visitors, and dignitaries all passed through the ridotto. Casanova praised the beautiful women, playwright Goldoni found willing listeners to his fantastic stories in the ridotto. The painters Longhi, Guardi, and Tiepolo all found inspiration in the dark-lit establishments.

'''Ketjap''' 
Original spelling for what we now know as catsup, which seems to have come from an Asian influence on tomato sauce.

==Page 72==

'''Blight''' 
A direct address use of this verb as a noun to describe Dixon ruining [blighting] Mason's fantasies with common-sense.

'''''terre mauvais''''' 
badlands. GR: terre mauvais: "badlands" 87

==Page 73==
'''Spanish Inquisitors''' 
equated with [all] 'Authorities'!

'''two Punches in a Droll-booth''' 
As in Punch-and-Judy slapstick puppets.

'''Jesuits... Invisible College''' 
philosophical riff on whether M & D are "free" or controlled by others, Jesuits, Dixon and the Invisible College, Mason. 
The Invisible College was a precursor to the Royal Society of United Kingdom. It consisted of a group of scientists including Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, John Wallis, John Evelyn, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and William Petty. In letters in 1646 and 1647, Boyle refers to "our invisible college" or "our philosophical college". The society's common theme was to acquire knowledge through experimental investigation. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_College WIKI]

The idea of an invisible college became influential in seventeenth century Europe, in particular, in the form of a network of savants or intellectuals exchanging ideas (by post, as it would have been understood at the time). The invisible college idea is exemplified by the network of astronomers, professors, mathematicians, and natural philosophers in 16th century Europe. Men such as Johannes Kepler, Georg Joachim Rheticus, John Dee and Tycho Brahe passed information and ideas to each other in an invisible college. One of the most common methods used to communicate was through annotations written in personal copies of books that were loaned, given, or sold from person to person.

'''''Nervus Probandi''''' 
nervus probandi (L): the crux of the argument; the most conclusive and decisive proof

'''Mr. Peach''' 
Spoiler Alert: Husband of the Susannah Peach who Mason fantasizes over?

'''Spotted Cubes''' 
Dice.

'''Sector Wallah''' 
"Wallah," in British India, a specialist or tradesman. Sector Wallah, the person in charge of the Sector.

==Page 74==

'''Stuffata''' 
whole onions and meat as a stew. Also "stifado." However, see OED 1688 "stuffado" and 1771 "stuffata." Also stufata. The latter two are probably Italian. This dish is Greek.

'''dating back to Walpole''' 
Sir Robert Walpole, who held the influential office of First Lord of the Treasury. 4 April 1721 – 11 February 1742. Previous holders of the post had often been important figures in government, but not to such a degree as Walpole. His influence grew even stronger because the King, George I, was not active in English politics, preferring to concentrate on his native Hanover. Walpole is generally regarded as the first Prime Minister, not just because of his influence in Government, but because he could persuade (or force) his colleagues in the Cabinet to act in a harmonious and unified fashion, instead of intriguing against each other for more power. Walpole's office, First Lord of the Treasury, became strongly associated with the leadership of the Government; it became the position which the Prime Minister almost always held... Though Walpole is considered the first "Prime Minister," ...the powers of the monarch were slowly diminished, and those of the Prime Minister gradually increased, over the course of the following years. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole WIKI]

'''Clive''' 
Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB (29 September 1725–22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was a British soldier who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal. He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown. Together with Warren Hastings he was one of the key figures in the creation of British India. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive,_1st_Baron_Clive Clive of India WIKI]

'''Maskelyne''' [[Image:Maskelyne-nevil-astronomer-01.jpg|thumb|Dr. Nevil Maskelyne|right]]Reverend Dr Nevil Maskelyne. Astronomer, Lunarian, enemy of John Harrison, 5th Astronomer Royal. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne WIKI]

'''Robert Waddington''' 
from an old established English family. 27 M iv. Robert Waddington was born in 1743. Waddington genealogy online.

'''Bleak''' 
Bleak \Bleak\, n. [From Bleak, a., cf. Blay.] (Zo["o]l.) 
A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus), of the
family Cyprinid[ae]; the blay. [Written also blick.] Source: Webster's unabridged Dictionary 1913.

'''if Beetles be your Passion, why the Beetle Variety there!''' 
Anachronistic allusion to Charles Darwin and a famous remark about evolution? For years, after dropping out of medical school, Darwin had a passion for collecting beetles. 
And, "the contemplation of nature can give rise to some curious reflexions. There is a famous (possibly apocryphal) story about the great biologist J.B.S. Haldane.[20th Century] At a major British public occasion, Haldane was sitting next to an Anglican bishop, who asked him what biology had shown him about the designs and predilections of the Creator. Haldane is supposed to have replied "An inordinate fondness for beetles."

'''Piggotts... A long stare''' 
Piggotts were evidently a British family with members into astronomy. Later, the Victorian age, the family seemed to found a lighting company.
Piggotts have been providing Christmas Illuminations since the Victorian Age. We provide a range of modern innovative schemes: across the street' designs, building fasciae, lamp columns and themed displays. We also provide striking mall illuminations to a diverse range of customers and individuals. Piggotts service includes the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance, refurbishment and storage of your scheme.

'''St. Helena''' 
Island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena WIKI].

==Page 75==

'''Tom Birch''' 
18th Century English historian, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Birch WIKI]. Friend of Ben Franklin, and as well, member of Royal Society.

'''Bodkin''' 
medieval type of arrowhead designed to shoot through protective chain mail usually worn by Knights.

'''History is the Dance of our Hunt for Christ''' 
Nice.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 7: 58-76

2011-03-24T10:28:02Z

Lorenz: /* Page 68 */ Wrong pg, shifted to p69

==Page 58==

'''sepia-shadow'd''' 
sepia: NOUN: 1a. A dark brown ink or pigment originally prepared from the secretion of the cuttlefish. b. A drawing or picture done in this pigment. c. A photograph in a brown tint. 2. A dark grayish yellow brown to dark or moderate olive brown.
ADJECTIVE: 1. Of the color sepia. 2. Done or made in sepia. 
Orwell uses this phrase about street shadows--like tea-- in Keep the Aspidistra Flying.

'''Herren XVII''' 
Modern Dutch spelling "de Heeren XVII," the 17 Lords, board of governors of the V.O.C. 
When the Herren XVII ordered the Cape government in 1717 to stop granting land in freehold ... heard by the Herren XVII—who ruled in their favor in 1706, ...

'''Eighteenth Lord... never be acknowledg'd''' 
Here is what Pynchon may be meaning, as I piece it together. An expert on Holland or The East India Company can correct this. The Dutch East India Company really ran Holland at this time, until 1815 when the British took it back. So, the Eighteenth Lord who was Lord of Holland, had no power, no acknowledged existence. The Eighteenth Lord was: 
Lord Forbes is a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created in circa 1444 for Alexander Forbes, feudal Baron of Forbes... His [descendant], the eighteenth Lord, fought at the Battle of Waterloo in 1815. Wikipedia 
 
Okay, so the DEIC never "ran Holland." The British never "took Holland back in 1815, that is when the United Kingdom of the Netherlands took Halland back from Napolean. Since the book is taking place in the 1760s it is unlikely that "The eighteenth lord" refers to anyone in the future. This is not a time-travel novel.

'''V.O.C.''' 
Vereenigde Oostindische Compagnie, the Dutch East India Company.

==Page 59==

'''Monsieur Lacaille''' 
Nicolas Louis de Lacaille, French astronomer. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacaille WIKI]

'''Slaves''' 
Pynchon appears to have cast around for a politically correct subtheme for the Capetown episodes, and picked slavery for want of anything more Pynchonian. He picks slavery because it is the underbelly of the enlightenment. It is the central rift that forms along the Mason-Dixon Line, and it is the paradox of America, i.e. liberty for some. What could be more Pynchonian than that?

'''Castle of the Compagnie''' 
The Castle of Good Hope, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Castle_of_Good_Hope WIKI].

'''set against''' 
Imperialist strategy of divide-and-conquer.

==Page 60==

'''Droster''' 
drosters' - runaways from service contracts. South African usage.

'''Vroom''' 
[http://onelook.com/?w=vroo*&ls=a vroo*]. Dutch for ''pious''

'''Jethro's Tent''' 
Biblical: Jethro (also called Reuel), a Midean priest, was Moses' father-in-law. Moses came to live with Jethro after he rescued his seven daughters and helped them water their sheep. See ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Exodus%202:15-25,%20Exodus%203:1-2;&version=9; Exodus 2:15-25, 3:1-2])

'''Nimrods''' 
Biblical: Son of Cush, a founder of Babylon (see [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=1&chapter=10&verse=8&end_verse=10&version=9&context=context Genesis 10:8-10]). A hunter. Informal. A person regarded as silly, foolish, or stupid.

'''Kaffirs''' 
Early "offensive" word for a black person, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaffir_%28racial_term%29 WIKI].

==Page 61==

'''Fascination''' 
Pynchon needed a personality-contrast between M and D, and chose (arbitarily?) to make M melancholy but charismatic (cf Byron?) and Dixon the opposite. It's hard to see from TRP's descriptions what women see in M. 
The Journal of Charles Mason and Jeremiah Dixon is full of passages where Mason's normally scientific writtings give way to poetic and gothic images of ghosts and devils. In the Journals he frequents massacre sites.

'''Portable Soup... Slabs''' 
An extremely reduced meat stock (not freeze-dried, just boiled down and then dried) in cakes or slabs. Heat in a pan of water and you have soup. Most users regarded it as a necessity rather than a pleasure.

'''Darlington Market''' 
In Darlington , County Durham. Still a good market today--21st Century-- says an online British guidebook.

==Page 62==

'''Kezia''' 
the name of Job's second daughter ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14]), born after prosperity had returned to him. Also Cassia.

'''Kerenhappuch''' 
(the horn of beauty), the youngest of the daughters of Job, born to him during the period of his reviving prosperity. ([http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Job%2042:13-15;&version=9; Job 42:14])
Source: Smith's Bible Dictionary

==Page 63==

'''Imp from Hell''' 
Cf. Imp allusions and Poe story cited. Three uses so far in M & D. Here Eels impulsiveness is an apt allusion to impishness, overstated as in speech.

'''Rattle-Watch''' 
the rattle watch, appointed at the request of the burghers to relieve them of night-watch duty. 
"First, the said rattle watch shall be held to appear at the burghers' guard house after the ringing of the nine o'clock bell and together at ten o'clock shall begin making their rounds, giving notice of their presence in all the streets of the village by sounding their rattle and calling [out the hour], and this every hour of the night, until 4 o'clock in the morning. From an Orange County decree, 1859 online.

'''English Tea-Pot''' 
Free associating, Mason to English to English tea to teapot? 
"I'm a little tea-pot, short and stout" allusion? Old song.

==Page 64==

'''Vrou''' 
Dutch: lady, woman, wife. Vroom Vroom!

'''cackling''' 
# To make the shrill cry characteristic of a hen after laying an egg.
# To laugh or talk in a shrill manner.
Often said of "witches".

'''fatally but not yet mortally''' 
fatally: with fatal consequences or implications; "he was fatally ill
equipped for the climb" 
mortally: fatal 'unto death"--to an extreme. ''American Heritage Dictionary''

Is the economics behind slavery what TRP is getting at here through Austra?

==Page 65==

'''''Dagga''''' 
A drug. It consists of dry khaki-green leaves, twigs and pips. It is usually sold to the public in the form of a "stoo" (dagga rolled into a small packet) or a cigarette called a zol, stick, reefer, skyf or joint. It smells and looks quite different from a tobacco cigarette. It is estimated that the drug dagga has been with us since 1 000 BC.

==Page 66==

'''dorsal 'Scape''' 
Dorsal landscape = shapely rear end.

'''five Sprites''' 
The women?

'''Asian parlor-game''' 
see [[Chapter_18:_183-189#farces|four-door farces, p. 184]] and [[Chapter_18:_183-189#parlour|Parlour Game, p. 184]]

==Page 67==

'''Malays''' 
Austronesian peoples predominantly inhabiting the Malay Peninsula, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethnic_Malays WIKI].

'''Pygmies''' 
Pygmy as any group whose adult males grow to less than 150 cm (4 feet 11 inches) in average height, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pygmies WIKI].

'''Indifference-Draught''' 
Traditionally saltpetre. Mason wants a drug to reduce his libido.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anaphrodisiac Anaphrodisiac]

==Page 68==

'''the wrongs committed daily...invisible, yet possessing mass and velocity''' 
Cf. gravity in GR and mass in ATD. Very Pychonesque motif and phrasing here.

'''need to keep the Ghost propitiated''' 
see the ghosts and major dark spirit in ATD.

==Page 69==

'''Velleity''' 
NOUN: Inflected forms: pl. vel·le·i·ties
1. Volition at its lowest level. 2. A mere wish or inclination.
ETYMOLOGY: New Latin velleits, from Latin velle, to wish. American heritage Dictionary

'''Rix-Dollar''' 
Reichsdollar, a Dutch coin.

German ''Reichsthaler,'' Dutch ''Rijksdaalder''; current throughout the European colonies.

'''Dutch Company which is ev'rywhere & ev'rything''' 
East India Company pervades as "[the Deists']God?"--Dixon 

'''Late Blow''' 
Mason suggests Dixon threw an illegal punch with that last metaphor comparing the East India Company with God.

'''Butter-Bag Castle''' 
Butter-Bag was slang for a Dutchman.

==Page 70==

'''''karis''''' 
The word was later adapted into English as ''curries.''

'''Senoi''' 
This tribe is/was real, although I did not think they were known about until the later age of anthropological study. They did share dreams and conquered their fears this way. If a child had a dream of falling, say, when shared with all, the adults would tell him to just fly next time--and he would. Their dream life was incorporates into their whole life and they were a happy, contented people. Researching.

'''''Krees''''' 
[[File:Kris_bali.jpg|thumb|Krees|right|75px]]
Like the book says, a dagger, but further, both a weapon and a spiritual object. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris WIKI].

==Page 71==

'''...fantastical beings...''' 
Note that Jorge Luis Borges' ''Book of Imaginary Beings'' ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book_of_Imaginary_Beings Wikipedia]) includes a listing for ''Sea Horse'' (see Borges' text on [http://borges.uiowa.edu/vakalo/zf/html/the_sea_horse.html Fantastic Zoology]); the [[S#Seahorse|Seahorse]], is, of course, the ship on which M&D sail to [[Cape of Good Hope]].

'''Shaula''' 
Second brightest star system in the constellation Scorpius, and one of the brightest stars in the nighttime sky, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambda_Scorpii WIKI].

'''Routs''' 
See especially in this context, with ridottoes, definition #5--a fashionable gathering...with other attendant resonances of meaning. 
rout (rout) 
n. 1A)A disorderly retreat or flight following defeat. 
1B)An overwhelming defeat. 

2A) A disorderly crowd of people; a mob. 
2B) People of the lowest class; rabble. 
3) A public disturbance; a riot. 
4) A company, as of knights or wolves, that are in movement. See synonyms at flock 1. 
5) A fashionable gathering. 
tr.v., rout·ed, rout·ing, routs. 

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridottoes]]''' 
The ridotto was a space behind the theatres, much like a foyer, where visitors of all layers of society mingled and engaged in discussion, gambling, or other spirited forms of entertainment. Most visitors wore masks. It was the famous black and white bauta which made recognition virtually impossible. Started in Venice. 
In all of the approximately 20 ridotti of Venice, gambling was the main activity. Young aristocrats sold their military duty to poor souls in need of money. Servants, poets, flower girls, singers, merchants, foreign visitors, and dignitaries all passed through the ridotto. Casanova praised the beautiful women, playwright Goldoni found willing listeners to his fantastic stories in the ridotto. The painters Longhi, Guardi, and Tiepolo all found inspiration in the dark-lit establishments.

'''Ketjap''' 
Original spelling for what we now know as catsup, which seems to have come from an Asian influence on tomato sauce.

==Page 72==

'''Blight''' 
A direct address use of this verb as a noun to describe Dixon ruining [blighting] Mason's fantasies with common-sense.

'''''terre mauvais''''' 
badlands. GR: terre mauvais: "badlands" 87

==Page 73==
'''Spanish Inquisitors''' 
equated with [all] 'Authorities'!

'''two Punches in a Droll-booth''' 
As in Punch-and-Judy slapstick puppets.

'''Jesuits... Invisible College''' 
philosophical riff on whether M & D are "free" or controlled by others, Jesuits, Dixon and the Invisible College, Mason. 
The Invisible College was a precursor to the Royal Society of United Kingdom. It consisted of a group of scientists including Robert Boyle, John Wilkins, John Wallis, John Evelyn, Robert Hooke, Christopher Wren and William Petty. In letters in 1646 and 1647, Boyle refers to "our invisible college" or "our philosophical college". The society's common theme was to acquire knowledge through experimental investigation. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invisible_College WIKI]

The idea of an invisible college became influential in seventeenth century Europe, in particular, in the form of a network of savants or intellectuals exchanging ideas (by post, as it would have been understood at the time). The invisible college idea is exemplified by the network of astronomers, professors, mathematicians, and natural philosophers in 16th century Europe. Men such as Johannes Kepler, Georg Joachim Rheticus, John Dee and Tycho Brahe passed information and ideas to each other in an invisible college. One of the most common methods used to communicate was through annotations written in personal copies of books that were loaned, given, or sold from person to person.

'''''Nervus Probandi''''' 
nervus probandi (L): the crux of the argument; the most conclusive and decisive proof

'''Mr. Peach''' 
Spoiler Alert: Husband of the Susannah Peach who Mason fantasizes over?

'''Spotted Cubes''' 
Dice.

'''Sector Wallah''' 
"Wallah," in British India, a specialist or tradesman. Sector Wallah, the person in charge of the Sector.

==Page 74==

'''Stuffata''' 
whole onions and meat as a stew. Also "stifado." However, see OED 1688 "stuffado" and 1771 "stuffata." Also stufata. The latter two are probably Italian. This dish is Greek.

'''dating back to Walpole''' 
Sir Robert Walpole, who held the influential office of First Lord of the Treasury. 4 April 1721 – 11 February 1742. Previous holders of the post had often been important figures in government, but not to such a degree as Walpole. His influence grew even stronger because the King, George I, was not active in English politics, preferring to concentrate on his native Hanover. Walpole is generally regarded as the first Prime Minister, not just because of his influence in Government, but because he could persuade (or force) his colleagues in the Cabinet to act in a harmonious and unified fashion, instead of intriguing against each other for more power. Walpole's office, First Lord of the Treasury, became strongly associated with the leadership of the Government; it became the position which the Prime Minister almost always held... Though Walpole is considered the first "Prime Minister," ...the powers of the monarch were slowly diminished, and those of the Prime Minister gradually increased, over the course of the following years. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Walpole WIKI]

'''Clive''' 
Major-General Robert Clive, 1st Baron Clive, KB (29 September 1725–22 November 1774), also known as Clive of India, was a British soldier who established the military and political supremacy of the East India Company in Southern India and Bengal. He is credited with securing India, and the wealth that followed, for the British crown. Together with Warren Hastings he was one of the key figures in the creation of British India. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Clive,_1st_Baron_Clive Clive of India WIKI]

'''Maskelyne''' [[Image:Maskelyne-nevil-astronomer-01.jpg|thumb|Dr. Nevil Maskelyne|right]]Reverend Dr Nevil Maskelyne. Astronomer, Lunarian, enemy of John Harrison, 5th Astronomer Royal. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne WIKI]

'''Robert Waddington''' 
from an old established English family. 27 M iv. Robert Waddington was born in 1743. Waddington genealogy online.

'''Bleak''' 
Bleak \Bleak\, n. [From Bleak, a., cf. Blay.] (Zo["o]l.) 
A small European river fish (Leuciscus alburnus), of the
family Cyprinid[ae]; the blay. [Written also blick.] Source: Webster's unabridged Dictionary 1913.

'''if Beetles be your Passion, why the Beetle Variety there!''' 
Anachronistic allusion to Charles Darwin and a famous remark about evolution? For years, after dropping out of medical school, Darwin had a passion for collecting beetles. 
And, "the contemplation of nature can give rise to some curious reflexions. There is a famous (possibly apocryphal) story about the great biologist J.B.S. Haldane.[20th Century] At a major British public occasion, Haldane was sitting next to an Anglican bishop, who asked him what biology had shown him about the designs and predilections of the Creator. Haldane is supposed to have replied "An inordinate fondness for beetles."

'''Piggotts... A long stare''' 
Piggotts were evidently a British family with members into astronomy. Later, the Victorian age, the family seemed to found a lighting company.
Piggotts have been providing Christmas Illuminations since the Victorian Age. We provide a range of modern innovative schemes: across the street' designs, building fasciae, lamp columns and themed displays. We also provide striking mall illuminations to a diverse range of customers and individuals. Piggotts service includes the design, manufacture, installation, maintenance, refurbishment and storage of your scheme.

'''St. Helena''' 
Island of volcanic origin and a British overseas territory in the South Atlantic Ocean, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Helena WIKI].

==Page 75==

'''Tom Birch''' 
18th Century English historian, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Birch WIKI]. Friend of Ben Franklin, and as well, member of Royal Society.

'''Bodkin''' 
medieval type of arrowhead designed to shoot through protective chain mail usually worn by Knights.

'''History is the Dance of our Hunt for Christ''' 
Nice.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 6: 47-57

2011-03-22T21:32:44Z

Lorenz: /* Page 56 */

==Page 47==

'''Interdiction at sea''' 
Interdiction: Authoritative prohibition 
A court order prohibiting a party from doing a certain activity
- interdict: a sequential process that includes surveillance of often broad ocean areas''' 

'''Skanderoon''' 
Iskenderun, Turkish port, eastern Mediterranean.

'''Loxodrome''' 
Line of constant compass bearing on the surface of the Earth. A parallel of latitude is a loxodrome, but most great-circle arcs are not (the exceptions being the Equator and every meridian). Here, what you might call a bee-line.

==Page 48==

'''Caffeinist''' 
Anachronism (1830).

'''new Captain''' 
(Did the last one die of his wounds then?)

==Page 49==

'''Jolly Roger''' 

Flag with skull and crossbones, typically flown by pirates. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolly_roger WIKI]

'''Mustard-Grinder''' 
Mustarder: one who dealt in buying and selling mustard 
GRINDER: one who operates a grinding machine in any of several trades 
From [http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~sam/occupation.html Colonial Occupations, online].

==Page 50==

'''Tenerife''' 

Spanish Island off the coast of Africa. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife WIKI].

'''the Lizard''' 

Peninsula of Cornwall, most southerly point of Great Britain. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lizard WIKI]

'''Sutton Pool''' 

Plymouth harbor. [http://www.plymouthdata.info/SuttonPool.htm WIKI]

==Page 53==

'''cheaply opiated Pint''' 
Yes, opium beer; cheap opium beer. Also in ATD.

'''Quantz Etude''' 
Johann Joachim Quantz [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Quantz Wikipedia] (January 30, 1697–July 12, 1773) was a German flutist, flute maker and composer.

Quantz began his musical studies as a child with his uncle. He began to concentrate on the flute, performing more and more on the instrument. He gradually became known as the finest flautist in Europe, and toured France and England. He became flute teacher, flute maker and composer to Frederick II of Prussia (Frederick the Great) in 1740. He was an innovator in flute design, adding keys to the instrument to help with intonation (playing in tune), for example.

Although Quantz wrote many pieces of music, mainly for the flute (including around 300 flute concertos), he is best known today as the author of Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversière zu spielen (1752), a treatise on flute playing. It is of great interest today as a source of information on performance practice and flute technique in the 18th century.

'''Etude''' An etude (from the French word étude meaning "study") is a short musical composition designed to provide practice in a particular technical skill in the performance of a solo instrument.

==Page 54==

'''Enemas of... Coffee''' 
(Cf AtD)

'''Slow-Matches''' 
Slow match, or matchcord, is rope impregnated with nitrates to make it burn slowly, evenly, and reliably despite wind or rain. When the trigger was pulled, a lever applied the burning rope to the powder in the priming pan, thus firing the gun. This drawing illustrates a musketeer aiming his gun, with the slow match smouldering at both ends. For the first few hundred years of firearms, this was the only way to shoot them. 
From the [http://www.metamuseum.com/us%5CSlowMatch/ Slow Match Website].

'''"Pat... O'Brian... acknowledg'd as the best Yarn-Spinner in all the Fleets."''' 

Patrick O'Brian (died in 2000) was a novelist mostly known for his nautical novels surrounding the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian WIKI]

==Page 55==

'''Turk's Head''' 
A knot built on a cylinder (such as a rope) and having a woven appearance on the surface. Used decoratively or to create a grip. [http://www.amazon.com/Ashley-Book-Knots-Clifford/dp/057109659X/ref=sr_1_1/103-6132115-1362208?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1186416528&sr=8-1 ''Ashley's Book of Knots''] (published in the 1940s, still in print) describes dozens of forms. "A notable practical use for the Turk's head is to mark the "king spoke" of a ship's wheel; when this spoke is upright the rudder is in a central position" ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk's_head_knot Wikipedia]).

'''Matthew Walker''' 
A knot tied in the strands of a rope, forming a projection or knob. The Matthew Walker is generally tied in the middle of the rope; the strands are then laid up again to the end. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Walker_knot pix on Wikipedia]

'''Jewel Block''' 
Naut.) block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.

==Page 56==

'''perfectly beneath us''' 
Astronomy 101 would have to flunk TRP-- anywhere in the Tropics the sun will be overhead on some days. At the Equator, only on the two equinoxes.

It pays to remember that this section is narrated by the Reverend Cherrycoke. He may well be embellishing the story in unrealistic ways for the children's entertainment. I find it unlikely that Pynchon himself would make such a mistake.

==Page 57==
'''attendant [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience]]''' 
Others' wills and preferences which complicate one's fantasies of comeliness and willingness.

Note that [[B#bodine|Fender-Belly Bodine's]] ship, the H.M.S. Inconvenience appears again in 2006 in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Against the Day''].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}