Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

Chapter 3: 14-29

2010-09-10T14:47:06Z

Ikangelama: /* Page 22 */

==Page 14==

'''''Spiritual Day-Book''''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Whitefield George Whitefield] (1714-1770) was a preacher in the Church of England and one of the leaders of the Methodist movement. He was a pioneer in the commercialization of religion and seen by many as the most powerful leader of the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Great_Awakening Great Awakening] in America. Whitefield popularized the concept of a spiritual day-book:

:Whitefield's familiary with a shopkeeper's daybook provided another metaphor for his faith. He urged his followers to take an accounting of their spiritual lives. "I think a good tradesman whether he deals largely or not, will take care to keep his day-book well," Whitefield explained, adding, "if a man will not keep his day-book well it is ten to one but he loses a good deal when he comes to count up his things at Christmas." Then applying the lesson to converts, the evangelist continued, "now I take it for granted, a good spiritual tradesman will keep his spiritual day-book well." A good Christian will be able to look at his accounts at the end of a day and proclaim, "I have died a little more to the world than yesterday, [and] this day I hope that I have been a little more alive to God than I was yesterday." <ref>''Pedlar in Divinity: George Whitefield and the Transatlantic Revivals, 1737-1770'', Frank Lambert, Princeton University Press, 1994, p.50</ref>

'''Day's Fatigue''' 
Foreshadows the leitmotif of [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''Against the Day'']. The working day against which, etc., etc.

'''waking Traverse was done''' 
Not sure if the meaning has held constant, but modern day surveyors use the noun TRAverse (with the emphasis on the 1st syllable) to refer not to a line, but to a loop or geometric figure created by measuring the angle & distance from one point to another. By closing the loop and measuring the angle & distance back to the original point, the surveyor can determine the accuracy of the measurements (the loop should close completely, without any deviation from the measurements) and apply a correction, if necessary. Use of the word in this way describes each day as a forward progress (traVERSE) in addition to a circular return (TRAverse) --incredibly poignant.

Traverse is the main family name in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Against the Day'']. Descendants of Webb Traverse appear in [http://vineland.pynchonwiki.com/wiki ''Vineland''].

'''yet another Term in the Contract between the City and oneself''' 
A reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_contract Social Contracts], the implied agreements by which people form nations and maintain a social order. This means that the people give up some rights to a government in order to receive social order. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hobbes Thomas Hobbes] (1588-1679), [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Locke John Locke] (1632-1704), and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Jacques_Rousseau Jean-Jacques Rousseau] (1712-1778) are the most famous philosophers of contractarianism, which formed the theoretical groundwork of democracy.

Pynchon has always been wary of cities, crushing the individual (the charismatic, the Life Force) in the pursuit of a rationalized and efficient system. Cf. the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=C#dactylic City Dactylic in ''Gravity's Rainbow''] ""the city of the future where every soul is known, and there is noplace to hide." Cf., also, the [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Routinization_of_Charisma Routinization of Charisma in ''Gravity's Rainbow''].

==Page 15==

'''Wapping High Street''' 
The area was first settled by Saxons, from whom it takes its name (meaning literally "[the place of] Wæppa's people"). It developed along the embankment of the Thames, hemmed in by the river to the south and the now-drained Wapping Marsh to the north. This gave it a peculiarly narrow and constricted shape, consisting of little more than the axis of Wapping High Street and some north-south side streets. John Stow, the 16th century historian, described it as a "continual street, or a filthy strait passage, with alleys of small tenements or cottages, built, inhabited by sailors' victuallers." [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wapping Wikipedia entry...]

'''Tyburn''' 
The village [of Tyburn] was notorious for centuries as the site of the Tyburn gallows, London's principal location for public executions by hanging. Executions took place at Tyburn from the 12th to the 18th century (with the prisoners processed from Newgate Prison in the City). Located near Marble Arch in present-day London. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyburn%2C_London Wikipedia entry...]

'''the Motrix of Honest Mirth''' 
The ''vis motrix'' is a term meaning "moving force" or "soul."

Immanual Kant, in the decades before the publication of the ''Critique of Pure Reason'', was a metaphysical dualist who offered a positive account of mind/body interaction. ''Thoughts of the True Estimation of Living Forces'' (1747), his first philosophical work, contains an argument that the mind/body problem presupposed several false and interrelated assumptions, all of which fell under the general view that the essential force of body is ''vis motrix''. Kant argued that the traditional ''vis motrix'' view, which was defended by Wolff and other post-Leibnizian German rationalists, appealed to an unexplanatory and metaphysically incoherent conception of force. [http://philosophy.uwaterloo.ca/MindDict/kant.html]

==Page 16==

'''Corsican accent''' 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsica Corsica] is the fourth largest island in the Mediterranean Sea (after Sicily, Sardinia, and Cyprus). The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corsican_language Corsican language] has strong similarities to Italian.

:In the French ''bourgeoisie'' any dialect other than "educated" Parisian French is regarded as inferior and excites hilarity; and of the many dialects, the Belgian and Corsican accents are regarded as the ugliest and funniest.<ref>''Race and Ethnicity: Essays in Comparative Sociology'', Pierre L. Van den Berghe; Basic Books, 1970, p.4</ref>

[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Napoleon_I_of_France Napoléon Bonaparte], who was born on Corsica, was 9 years old when his family left for France and although he learned French, he was never able to shake his strong Corsican accent.

==Page 17==

'''Ha-Ha''' 
Ha-ha (garden)
The ha-ha or sunken fence is a type of boundary to a garden, pleasure-ground, or park, designed not to interrupt the view and to be invisible until closely approached. The ha-ha consists of a trench, the inner side of which is perpendicular and faced with stone, with the outer slope face sloped and turfed - making it in effect a sunken fence. The ha-ha is a feature in the landscape gardens laid out by Charles Bridgeman, the originator of the ha-ha, according to Horace Walpole (Walpole 1780) and by William Kent and was an essential component of the "swept" views of Capability Brown.

'''Aristarchus''' 
Aristarchus (310 BC - c. 230 BC) was a Greek astronomer and mathematician, born on the island of Samos, in ancient Greece. He is considered the first person to propose a heliocentric model of the solar system, placing the Sun, not the Earth, at the center of the known universe (hence he is sometimes known as the "Greek Copernicus").

'''the other fellow''' 
It appears that Dixon is just rambling on a list of Astronomers and can't remember a particular name. Galileo? Copernicus? Tycho Brahe? Take your pick.

==Page 18==

'''mirror'd Lanthorns''' 
"Lanthorn" (pronounced "lantern") is an archaic, chiefly British, spelling of "lantern." It is derived from horn, of which the sides were once made. When horns are soaked in hot water for a time they become soft and flexible, much like fingernails do when they are kept in dishwater. These flexible horns can be cut and flattened out to make many translucent plastic-like objects.
"Lant" comes from the Latin ''lanterna'' ("lamp," "torch") which is derived from the Greek ''lampter'' ("torch")" from ''lampein'' ("to shine").

[[image:norfolk_terrier.jpg|right|thumb|125px|Norfolk Terrier]]'''Norfolk Terrier''' 
The grand entrance of the Learnèd English Dog. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Terrier The Norfolk Terrier] is the smallest of the working Terriers. Prior to 1960, when it gained recognition as an independent breed, it was a variety of the Norwich Terrier, distinguished from the Norwich by its "drop", or folded ears.

It appears that the name is an anachronism in ''Mason & Dixon'':

:In the 1880s, British sportsmen developed a working terrier of East Anglia, England. The Norwich Terrier and later the drop-eared variety now know as the Norfolk Terrier, were believed to have been developed by crossing Cairn Terriers, small, short-legged Irish Terrier breeds and the small red terriers used by the Gypsy ratters of Norfolk. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_Terrier Wikipedia]

==Page 19==

'''''Ministerial''''' 
1. Of, relating to, or characteristic of a minister of religion or of the ministry. 2. Of or relating to administrative and executive duties and functions of government. 3. Law Of, relating to, or being a mandatory act or duty admitting of no personal discretion or judgment in its performance. 4. Acting or serving as an agent; instrumental. From the American Heritage Dictionary.

'''Where the Bee Sucks''' 
A song from Shakespeare's [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_tempest ''The Tempest''] set to music by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_Johnson_(composer) Robert Johnson], the lutenist to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_I_of_England James I], in the 1659 ''Cheerful Ayres or Ballads''. In ''The Tempest'', after he is set free by Prospero, Ariel sings "Where the Bee Sucks":

:Where the bee sucks, there suck I 
:In a cowslip's bell I lie; 
:There I couch when owls do cry. 
:On the bat's back I do fly 
:After summer merrily. 
:Merrily, merrily shall I live now 
:Under the blossom that hangs on the bough.

The reference to Ariel and ''The Tempest'' foreshadows the L.E.D.'s discourse on how "Dogs learn'd to act as human as possible" in order to avoid being killed for food by humans ([[#Page 22|p. 22]]). A brief analysis of Ariel's character: [http://www.cliffsnotes.com/WileyCDA/LitNote/The-Tempest-Character-Analyses-Ariel.id-130,pageNum-46.html]

:Ariel is a spirit of the air who, because he refused to serve the witch, Sycorax, was imprisoned in a tree until rescued by Prospero. Ariel willingly carries out Prospero’s wishes because he is eager to be free. Although he wants his freedom in exchange, Ariel approaches his tasks with enthusiasm, quickly doing what is asked and promptly reporting any activities that he observes. Early in the play, Ariel reports the plot to murder Prospero, and later, he assists in punishing Prospero’s enemies. Ariel’s obedience is an important symbol of Prospero’s humanity, because he ameliorates Prospero’s role on the island and humanizes the action that Prospero takes against his old adversaries. Finally, Ariel’s willing obedience of Prospero’s wishes stands in stark contrast to Caliban’s cursing and plotting against the same master.

[http://www.contemplator.com/tunebook/england/beesucks.htm Read & Listen...]

'''Integral of One over (Book) d (Book)''' 
Freshman calculus gag. The antiderivative or integral of the function 1/x is the function logarithm of x. Written (integral sign) 1/x dx = log x. Substitute (Book) for x. Answer: log (Book) = logbook.

The same gag appears in GR: 'integral of 1 over cabin d cabin = Log cabin + c = houseboat'.

'''Pistoles''' 
The French name given to a Spanish gold coin in use in 1537; it was a double escudo, the gold unit. The name was also given to the Louis d'Or of Louis XIII of France, and to other European gold coins of about the value of the Spanish coin. One pistole was worth approximately ten livres. In Dumas' ''The Three Musketeers'', set in the 1620s, we learn that thirty-five pistoles and twenty crowns make 465 livres.

'''Gate-Ways to Futurity''' 
Windows into the future.

'''Metempsychosis''' 
Metempsychosis is a philosophical term in the Greek language referring to the belief of transmigration of the soul, especially its reincarnation after death. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metempsychosis Wikipedia entry...]

==Page 20==

'''upstart Chapels''' 
upstart: Suddenly raised to a position of consequence. 2. Self-important; presumptuous. Amer Her Dict.

'''singing Catches''' 
A Catch is a canonic, often rhythmically intricate composition for three or more voices, popular especially in the 17th and 18th centuries. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catch_%28music%29 Wikipedia entry...]

==Page 21==

'''Fender-Belly''' 
Fender: a cushion hung on the side of a ship to protect it if it bumps into a wharf or so. Old tires now serve this function. Fender-Belly has such a cushion in front.

'''Coconut-Ale''' 
A Beer with the taste of coconut; described as a "killer beer" online.

'''Macaronis''' 
A British and American subculture inspired by the fashion of continential Europe eps. that of Italy. The term comes from the Itallian "maccherone" which means "boorish fool" but was taken on by the British to mean over the top fashionable.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaroni_%28fashion%29 Macaroni]
They would often speak in an affected manner and mix Latin into their speech.
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaronic_verse Macaronic Verse]

'''Lunarians''' 
A Lunarian is an member of the movement of astronomers who felt that the solution to the Logitude prize lay in the development of lunar tables describing the moon of Jupiter. Famous Lunarians included Nevil Maskelyne.

'''Hostlers''' 
Singular...One who is employed to tend horses, especially at an inn. 2. One who services a large vehicle or engine, such as a locomotive. Middle English, from Anglo-Norman hostiler.

'''Glim-Jacks''' 
The ''1811 Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue'', originally by Francis Grose,
defines a glim-jack as a link-boy. A [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Link-boy link-boy] (or link boy or linkboy) was a boy who carried a flaming torch to light the way for pedestrians at night. Linkboys were common in London in the days before street lighting. The linkboy's fee was commonly one farthing, and the torch was often made from burning pitch and tow.

In [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thieves%27_cant thieves' cant] (a secret language which was formerly used by thieves, beggars and hustlers of various kinds in English-speaking countries), a linkboy was known as a "Glym Jack" ("glym" meant "light") or a "moon-curser" (as their services would not be required on a moonlit night). Employing a linkboy could be dangerous, as some would lead their clients to dark alleyways, where they could be beset by footpads.

==Page 22==

'''The L.E.D. blinks, shivers, nods in a resign'd way.''' 
L.E.D., here the "Learnèd English Dog", is also the abbreviation for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Light-emitting_diode "light-emitting diodes"], which do blink on a regular basis.

'''state of holy Insanity''' 
the second time an Eastern religious practice is linked to insanity. Rev.
Cherrycoke, [[Chapter_1:_5-11#Page 10|page 10]]. Ecstasy or real madness or both?

'''praeternatural... supernatural''' 
Praeternatural: Beyond or different from what is natural, or according to the regular course of things, but not clearly supernatural or miraculous; strange; inexplicable; extraordinary; uncommon; irregular; abnormal

'''tail-wagging Scheherazades''' 
In ''A Thousand and One Nights'' (or ''Arabian Nights''), Scheherazade tells a story to the king (her husband) each night in order to stay her execution. Each night she ends in the middle of a tale, so that the King postpones her execution out of curiosity to hear the story's end.

'''Algernon''' 
Algernon is the name of a laboratory mouse in the novel (and short story) of Daniel Keyes, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flowers_for_Algernon Flowers for Algernon] (1966), where the mouse undergoes surgery to increase his intelligence by artificial means. The story is told as a series of progress reports written by Charlie, who originally has an IQ of 68 and is the first human test subject for the surgery. Charlie – the same way as the mouse – shows spectacular progress in the beginning, only to regress later to his original state and die shortly after. Keyes in his turn took the name Algernon from the English poet [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algernon_Swinburne Algernon Charles Swinburne] (1837-1909), a decadent master of verse, who in his late life suffered mental and physical breakdown due to his alcoholism, algolagnia and excitable character. Thus calling the Learnèd English Dog Algernon is not only a pun on Keyes' character, but can be interpreted as an insult saying that such a miraculous increase of intelligence in an animal can only be temporary.

'''Macaroni Italian Style [...] Fop Fricasée''' 
The Terrier (the Learnèd English Dog) is futuristically punning on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maccaroni_%28fashion%29 Macaronis] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fop Fops] mentioned on [[#Page 21|page 21]], as macaroni the food wasn't introduced in the U.S. until years later when [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson Thomas Jefferson] did so in 1789, when he returned home after serving as ambassador to France, bringing his "macaroni machine" with him.

==Page 23==

'''Hydrophobia''' An old name for [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabies rabies] and thus an understandable concern for the LED.

'''fathom''' 
Six feet.

'''Bahf''' 
Bath.

'''"a British Dog, Sir. No one owns me"'''. 
Cf. Rev Cherrycoke, page 10.

'''a-lop''' 
Lopsided. (One OED cite from 1865)

==Page 24==

'''the Point''' 

Portsmouth Point, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portsmouth_Point Wiki entry].

'''Welsh Main''' 
"...in which eight pairs were matched, the eight victors being again paired, then four, and finally the last surviving pair" [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Cock-fighting EB11-cockfighting]

==Page 25==

'''Fulhams''' 
"Loaded dice are called high and lowmen, or high and low fulhams, by Ben Jonson and other writers of his time; either because they were made at Fulham, or from that place being the resort of sharpers" ([http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Grose-VulgarTongue/f/fulhams.html ''Grose's Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''], 1811)

'''Three-Threads''' 
* “half common Ale, and half Stout or double Beer” ([http://www.fromoldbooks.org/NathanBailey-CantingDictionary/T/THREE-Threads.html ''Canting Dictionary''] [thieving slang], 1737)
* “Half common ale, mixed with stale and double beer” ([http://www.fromoldbooks.org/Grose-VulgarTongue/t/three-threads.html ''Grose’s Dictionary of the Vulgar Tongue''], 1811)

'''Euphroe''' 
“A nautical term for blocks of wood with holes in them” (Levy, Toby. [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf ''MD3PAD'' PDF]. p. 8). The holes are used for running and securing line. The term usually refers specifically to the crowfeet dead-eyes. See photos 2-6 in this series of [http://forum.aceboard.net/15916-2168-6568-0-Photos-format-plus-eleve-photo-album-larger-format-photos.htm#id83555 pix].

'''Hepsie''' 
Diminutive of [http://www.cutebabyname.com/hepsie.html Hephzibah.]Mother of [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manasseh Manasseh] in the Old Testament(see [http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?book_id=12&chapter=21&version=9 2 Kings 21:1]).

'''smoaks''' 
The usage here means "to divine" or "to read into," from the ancient practice of divining the future through the interpretation of smoke rising from a fire.

From ''Chambers's Encyclopedia'' (1868):

:Capnomancy (formed from the Greek ''capnos'', smoke, and ''manteia'', divination) was practiced by the ancients in two different ways - either they threw grains of jasmine or poppy on the burning coals, and watched the motions and the density of the smoke that rose from them, or they watched the smoke of sacrifices. This latter kind of C. was most generally employed, and that to which the greatest importance was attached. If the smoke was thin, and ascended in a right line, instead of being blown back by the breeze, or spreading over the altar, the augury was good. It was also believed that the inhalation of the smoke rising from the victims or from the fire which consumed them, gifted the priests with prophetic inspiration. [http://www.webspinning.com.au/home/lambertj/public_html/c.man.html]

==Page 26==

''''pert''' 
Shortened form of 'apert' (open, bold).

==Page 28==

'''share quarters''' 
Quite possible Mauve and Hepsie are the same girl.

'''Mauve''' 
The colour Mauve wasn't discovered until the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mauve 1830s.] However [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malva "Malva"] (the source for the word)or "Mallow" was one of the oldest known plants.

'''H.M.S. [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience]]''' 
[[B#bodine|Fender-Belly Bodine's]] ship (to appear again in 2006 in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Against the Day''])

==References==
<references />

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 5: 42-46

2010-09-10T14:24:03Z

Ikangelama: /* Page 42 */

==Page 42==

'''Him so strange...All that Coal-mining, I guess''' 
The joke is that Mason is referring to God and Dixon thinks he means the Devil.

==Page 43==

'''Raby Meeting''' 

Most likely referring to a meeting in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raby_Castle Raby Castle].

==Page 45==
'''As if...there were no single Destiny''' 
This paragraph echoes a common them in Pynchon's work, the collapsing of many possible realities into a single Reality through time, a concept that is also echoed in [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum_mechanics quantum mechanics] with the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave_function_collapse collapse of the wave function], where a haze of possibilities is collapsed into a single state when observed. Or alternatively, as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Many_worlds_interpretation "many-worlds interpretation" of quantum mechanics] would have it, perhaps there isn't a collapse into one single reality, but each possiblity continues to form a thread in an infinity of realized outcomes.

This theme is revisited numerous times in ''M & D'', with reality either collapsing or diverging:

* "the event not yet 'reduc'd to certainty' ([[17: 175-182#Page 177|p. 177]])
* "Transition between Two Worlds" ([[17: 175-182#Page 180|p. 180]])
* "Or let us postulate two Dixons, then, one in an unmoving Stupor throughout, the other, for Simplicity, assum'd to've ridden [...] out to Nelson's Ferry" ([[39: 391-398#Page 393|p. 393]])
* "I myself did stumble [...] into that very Whirlpool in Time, finding myself in September third, 1752 [...] as ev'ryone else mov'd on to the Fourteenth of September." ([[56: 554-561#Page 556|p. 556]])
* "Suppose that Mason and Dixon and their Line cross Ohio after all..." ([[73: 706-713#Page 706|p. 706]])

On [[Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258|page 258]], Pynchon uses the nautical term "single up all lines" in what could be interpreted as a metaphor for the reduction of many lines into a single line. "Single up all lines" also appears in [http://v.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_1#single_up_all_lines ''V.'', p.11]; [http://cl49.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_2#single_up_all_lines ''The Crying of Lot 49'', p.31]; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pages_488-491#single_up_all_lines ''Gravity's Rainbow'', p.489]; and [[Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258|''Mason & Dixon'', pp.258 and 260]]; and [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_1-25#Page_3 ''Against the Day''] where Pynchon deploys the term as both a positive ("Cheerily now [...] Prepare to cast her off!") and a negative (cattle "rationalized into movement only in straight lines and at right angles and a progressive reduction of choices, until the final turn through the final gate that led to the killing-floor"). ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_1-25#Page_10 p. 10])

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 33: 327-340

2010-08-27T09:48:07Z

Ikangelama: /* Page 337 */

==Page 327==
'''Benjamin Chew''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_297 297]

'''Whist''' 
Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. It derives from the 16th game of Trump or Ruff, via Ruff and Honours. Although the rules are extremely simple, there is enormous scope for scientific play. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist WIKI]

==Page 328==
'''In the Summer''' 
this puts the section from Page 327 to 330 as a flashforward to some summer in the future. In the Journal there is a meeting of the commissioners at Christiana Bridge to recognize M&Ds work on the Tangent Line on [[1764#November|November]] 21-25, 1764. I wouldn't call November Summer, though.

'''Juniata''' 
The Juniata River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 90 miles (145 km) long, in central Pennsylvania in the United States. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply-lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of Native American attacks against white settlements during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_River WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_310 310].

'''Proprietarian politics... Anti-Proprietarians''' 
The British kings repeatedly granted territory to an individual or a small group, rather than to a chartered company. These men, called proprietors, or sometimes "Lords Proprietors", were invested not only with property under private law but also with gubernatorial authority to administer it with extraordinary authority, somewhat recalling the earl palatine before the Glorious Revolution. The method was most notably used during the early colonization along the Atlantic coasts of North America and the Caribbean by Great Britain. A good example is the Province of Pennsylvania, granted to William Penn (the state still bears the name meaning "woodlands of Penn") by King Charles II of England. This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the English Sovereigns sought to concentrate their power and authority, and the colonies were converted to crown colonies, i.e. governed by officials appointed by the King. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_colony WIKI]

'''Field of Duck-Green, not to mention reliable Magenta''' 
This combined color motif of bright green and magenta comes up several times in ''Inherent Vice'' and also appears on the dust jacket of the book.

==Page 329==
'''Sugar-Islands''' 
The exploitation of the Caribbean landscape dates back to the Spanish conquistadors around 1600 who mined the islands for gold which they brought back to Spain. The more significant development came when Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain that the islands were made for sugar development. The history of Caribbean agricultural dependency is closely linked with European colonialism which altered the financial potential of the region by introducing a plantation system. Much like the Spanish enslaved indigenous Indians to work in gold mines, the seventeenth brought a new series of oppressors in the form of the Dutch, the English, and the French. By the middle of the eighteenth century sugar was Britain's largest import which made the Caribbean that much more important as a colony. The “New World” plantations were established in order to fulfill the growing needs of the “Old World”. The sugar plantations were built with the intention of exporting the sugar back to Britain which is why the British did not need to stimulate local demand for the sugar with wages. A system of slavery was adapted since it allowed the colonizer to have an abundant work force with little worry about declining demands for sugar. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean WIKI]

'''"A sweetness of immorality and corruption."''' 
This conspiratorial talking about sugar boycotts makes me think that the events of these pages are happening after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Act Sugar Act] of [[1764#April|April]] 5, 1764.

==Page 330==
'''''Macaronic'' profession''' 
Macaronic refers to text spoken or written using a mixture of languages, sometimes including bilingual puns, particularly when the languages are used in the same context (as opposed to different segments of a text being in different languages). The term is occasionally used of hybrid words, which are in effect internally macaronic. A rough equivalent in spoken language is code-switching, a term in linguistics referring to using more than one language or dialect in conversation. The term macaronic has derogatory overtones, and it is usually reserved for works where the mixing of languages has a humorous or satirical intent. It is a matter of debate whether the term can be applied to mixed-language literature of a more serious nature and purpose. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaronic WIKI]

'''Topick of Virtual Representation''' 
In the early stages of the American Revolution, colonists in North America followed rules imposed upon them by the British Parliament because the colonies were not represented in Parliament. According to the British constitution, colonists argued, taxes could only be levied on British subjects with their consent. Because the colonists were represented only in their provincial assemblies, they said, only those legislatures could levy taxes in the colonies. This concept was famously expressed as "No taxation without representation." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_representation WIKI]

'''Fort Pitt''' [[Image:BraddocksDefeat.jpg|thumb|Braddock's Defeat|right]]Fort Pitt was a fort in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The fort was built in 1758 during the French and Indian War, next to the site of Fort Duquesne. The French built Fort Duquesne in 1754, at the beginning of that war, and it became a focal point due to its strategic river location. The Braddock expedition, a 1755 attempt to take Fort Duquesne, met with a bloody repulse at the Monongahela River. The French garrison viciously mauled an attacking British regiment in September 1758, but abandoned and destroyed the fort at the approach of General John Forbes's expedition in November. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania) WIKI]

''''Tis the year '55 all over... after Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_309 309].

'''Sun, [[1764#January|January]] 8, 1764''' 
from the journal: "Fixed on the house of Mr. John Harland's (about 31 miles West of Philadelphia) to bring our instruments to." However, it appears that they actually returned to Philidelphia on the 9th to get the observatory and tools and then returned to the Harlands on the 14th where they "set up the sector in his Garden (inclosed in a tent), and in the Evening brought the Instruments into the Meridian, and took the following observations..." 

'''setting up their observatory at John Harland's farm''' 
See the [http://wikimapia.org/13906779/Stargazer-s-Stone LINK]

==Page 333==

'''"By February..." [[1764#February|February]] 28th, 1764 

'''"In March a Company of Axmen...clear a Visto..." [[1764#March|March]] 17- [[1764#April|April]] 12, 1764'''

'''Alexander Bryant's farm''' 
Listed as Alexander ''Bryan'' in the Journal and all historical records. See this [http://www.whiteclayfriends.org/mason_and_dixon.php LINK] for much more info pertaining to M&D around this time.

==Page 334==
'''a newly-set chunk of Rose Quartz''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_440 440] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''By June...they are instructed to proceed...''' 
They set out on [[1764#June|June]] 13, 1764.

'''Tangent Line''' 
[http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/#fig6 diagram] 

'''Nanticoke''' 
The Nanticoke River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula. It rises in southern Kent County, Delaware, flows through Sussex County, Delaware, and forms the boundary between Dorchester County, Maryland and Wicomico County, Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke_River WIKI]

'''Great Cypress Swamp''' 
The Great Cypress Swamp (also known as Great Pocomoke Swamp, Cypress Swamp, or Big Cypress Swamp), is a forested freshwater swamp located on the Delmarva Peninsula in South Delaware and Southeastern Maryland... It is the northernmost of the southern swamps and one of many along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It covers about 50 square miles (130 km2), mostly in southern Sussex County, Delaware. It is the source of the Pocomoke River, which flows south, and Pepper Creek, which flows northeast. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Cypress_Swamp WIKI]

'''"Middle Point"''' 
Mason and Dixon confirmed earlier survey work which delineated Delaware's southern boundary from the Atlantic Ocean to the ”Middle Point” stone (along what is today known as the Transpeninsular Line). They proceeded nearly due north from this to the Pennsylvania border. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_dixon_line WIKI]

==Page 335==

'''centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle''' 
[http://www.newcastlecity.net/visitors/bldgs.html#Courthouse Courthouse]
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=+211+Delaware+Street,+New+Castle,+DE&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.659801,-75.563643&spn=0.004072,0.010664&om=1 location][http://www.state.de.us/gic/photos/collections/historic/810.shtml photo]

'''Charles II''' 
Charles II (29 May 1630 OS – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England WIKI]

'''the younger William Penn''' 
William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. State of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his good relations and his treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn WIKI]

==Page 336==

'''Fermat's Last Theorem''' 
In 1636, Fermat claimed--but never offered--a clever proof to a seemingly obvious math theorem. "The fact that the problem's statement is understandable by schoolchildren makes it all the more frustrating, and it has probably generated more incorrect proofs than any other problem in the history of mathematics. No correct proof was found for 357 years, when a proof was finally published by Andrew Wiles in 1994" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_last_theorem Wikipedia].

'''Finial upon something of Mr. Chippendale's''' 
Finial - "Forming the crown or completion; crowning" (ODE)
Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''the dead Hand of the second James''' 
"James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, and Kingdom of Ireland. Many of his subjects distrusted his religious policies and supposed despotism, leading a group of them to depose him in the Glorious Revolution. He was replaced not by his Roman Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, Mary II and William III, who became joint rulers in 1689. The belief that James — not William III or Mary II — was the legitimate ruler became known as [[J#Jacobites|Jacobitism]] (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James)" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England Wikipedia]

'''the other Fictions that govern'd that unhappy Monarch's Life''' 
Are the fictions Jacobitism and Catholicism (per the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke |Rev. Cherrycoke's]] POV)?

'''acufloral Meditations''' 
Acufloral is treatment (think acupressure) using floral essences on specific meridian points- however, I am going to gather that here, Pynchon is alluding to Tenebrae's stitching of a floral pattern using pins (ie. acupuncture-like).

'''Fescue''' 
A pointer, used for lessons with children.

Is this a purposeful hearkening of the sexual tensions related to the Fescue on [[Chapter 9: 87-93|pages 92-93]]?

==Page 337==

'''[[H#Head of Elk|Head of Elk]]''' 
Refers to the head of Maryland's Elk River. It flows through
Cecil County and into Chesapeake Bay in the NE corner of Maryland just west
of the Delaware border. Head of Elk was of strategic significance in the
Revolutionary War: [http://www.ushistory.org/march/phila/elk.htm MORE]

Also, the town of Elkton, a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States... It was formerly called Head of Elk because it is located at the head of navigation on the Elk River, which flows into the nearby Chesapeake Bay. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkton,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Calvert agents''' 
Calverts were settlers of Maryland, named after the colony's proprietor, George Calvert. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225]; page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301]

'''Duke of York''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_336 336] - James II entry

==Page 338==
'''hypnagogic''' 
"The state of intermediate consciousness preceding sleep" (American Heritage Dictionary), associated with hallucinations.

'''fifteen years ago in the era of Don Vicente Lopez''' 
Who is Don Vicente Lopez? 
Vicente Antonio Lopez, 1745-1802 [http://cybergata.com/roots/6809.htm] The dates sorta work, but this Vicente Lopez seems wrong, however, since this Vicente Lopez does not seem to have had an era named after him. Please delete if this is irrelevant.

'''The great Scepter atop the Court House''' 
See "...centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle..." on page 335, above.

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridotto]] 
A gathering for music and dancing, often in masquerade, popular in 18th century England.

==Page 339==
'''waking each [[G#Glaucous|glaucous]] Dawn into sweat and stillness''' 
Glaucous describes color: a green that has been dulled bluish and grayish. Botanically, it describes green vegetation, dulled with powdery bloom.

'''Catterick''' 
Catterick, sometimes Catterick Village to distinguish it from the nearby Catterick Garrison, is a village in North Yorkshire. It dates back to Roman times, when Cataractonium was a Roman fort protecting the crossing of the Great North Road and Dere Street over the River Swale. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catterick,_North_Yorkshire WIKI]

'''Binchester''' 
Binchester Roman Fort (called Vinovia by the Romans) is situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River Wear in County Durham, England. The fort was the site of a hamlet until the late middle-ages, but the modern-day village of Binchester is about 2 miles (3 km) to the east, near Spennymoor. The fort was established to guard the crossing of the River Wear by Dere Street, the main Roman road between York, Hadrian's Wall and Scotland, and also the fort's via principalis. It was the largest Roman fort in County Durham, but only a relatively small part of its centre has been excavated and is open to the public. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binchester_Roman_Fort WIKI]

'''Lanchester''' 
Longovicium (or Lanchester Roman Fort) was an auxiliary castra on Dere Street, in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior (Upper Britain - The Romans judged distances by proximity to Rome, therefore north England is inferior as it is farther away). Its ruins are located at Lanchester in the English county of Durham, roughly 8 miles (13 km) to the west of the city of Durham and 5 miles (8 km) from Consett. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longovicium WIKI]

'''we must stand in [[G#Glaur| Glaur]] of uncertain Depth''' 
Glaur: "liquid mud of the filthiest sort" -- Northumbld. Gloss, 1893 (per OED); lowland Scots for mud. "A fool with his eyes in the glaur" (p. 229) is a Pynchonian way of saying "A man of little foresight."

'''In August they finally go chaining past the eighty-one-mile mark...''' 
happens on [[1764#August|August]] 25, 1764.

==Page 340==
'''Lancaster''' 
Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the county seat of Lancaster County... Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''"''Ehw'' deah..."''' 
Oh dear?

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 33: 327-340

2010-08-27T09:46:06Z

Ikangelama: /* Page 337 */

==Page 327==
'''Benjamin Chew''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_297 297]

'''Whist''' 
Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. It derives from the 16th game of Trump or Ruff, via Ruff and Honours. Although the rules are extremely simple, there is enormous scope for scientific play. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist WIKI]

==Page 328==
'''In the Summer''' 
this puts the section from Page 327 to 330 as a flashforward to some summer in the future. In the Journal there is a meeting of the commissioners at Christiana Bridge to recognize M&Ds work on the Tangent Line on [[1764#November|November]] 21-25, 1764. I wouldn't call November Summer, though.

'''Juniata''' 
The Juniata River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 90 miles (145 km) long, in central Pennsylvania in the United States. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply-lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of Native American attacks against white settlements during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_River WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_310 310].

'''Proprietarian politics... Anti-Proprietarians''' 
The British kings repeatedly granted territory to an individual or a small group, rather than to a chartered company. These men, called proprietors, or sometimes "Lords Proprietors", were invested not only with property under private law but also with gubernatorial authority to administer it with extraordinary authority, somewhat recalling the earl palatine before the Glorious Revolution. The method was most notably used during the early colonization along the Atlantic coasts of North America and the Caribbean by Great Britain. A good example is the Province of Pennsylvania, granted to William Penn (the state still bears the name meaning "woodlands of Penn") by King Charles II of England. This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the English Sovereigns sought to concentrate their power and authority, and the colonies were converted to crown colonies, i.e. governed by officials appointed by the King. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_colony WIKI]

'''Field of Duck-Green, not to mention reliable Magenta''' 
This combined color motif of bright green and magenta comes up several times in ''Inherent Vice'' and also appears on the dust jacket of the book.

==Page 329==
'''Sugar-Islands''' 
The exploitation of the Caribbean landscape dates back to the Spanish conquistadors around 1600 who mined the islands for gold which they brought back to Spain. The more significant development came when Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain that the islands were made for sugar development. The history of Caribbean agricultural dependency is closely linked with European colonialism which altered the financial potential of the region by introducing a plantation system. Much like the Spanish enslaved indigenous Indians to work in gold mines, the seventeenth brought a new series of oppressors in the form of the Dutch, the English, and the French. By the middle of the eighteenth century sugar was Britain's largest import which made the Caribbean that much more important as a colony. The “New World” plantations were established in order to fulfill the growing needs of the “Old World”. The sugar plantations were built with the intention of exporting the sugar back to Britain which is why the British did not need to stimulate local demand for the sugar with wages. A system of slavery was adapted since it allowed the colonizer to have an abundant work force with little worry about declining demands for sugar. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean WIKI]

'''"A sweetness of immorality and corruption."''' 
This conspiratorial talking about sugar boycotts makes me think that the events of these pages are happening after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Act Sugar Act] of [[1764#April|April]] 5, 1764.

==Page 330==
'''''Macaronic'' profession''' 
Macaronic refers to text spoken or written using a mixture of languages, sometimes including bilingual puns, particularly when the languages are used in the same context (as opposed to different segments of a text being in different languages). The term is occasionally used of hybrid words, which are in effect internally macaronic. A rough equivalent in spoken language is code-switching, a term in linguistics referring to using more than one language or dialect in conversation. The term macaronic has derogatory overtones, and it is usually reserved for works where the mixing of languages has a humorous or satirical intent. It is a matter of debate whether the term can be applied to mixed-language literature of a more serious nature and purpose. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macaronic WIKI]

'''Topick of Virtual Representation''' 
In the early stages of the American Revolution, colonists in North America followed rules imposed upon them by the British Parliament because the colonies were not represented in Parliament. According to the British constitution, colonists argued, taxes could only be levied on British subjects with their consent. Because the colonists were represented only in their provincial assemblies, they said, only those legislatures could levy taxes in the colonies. This concept was famously expressed as "No taxation without representation." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_representation WIKI]

'''Fort Pitt''' [[Image:BraddocksDefeat.jpg|thumb|Braddock's Defeat|right]]Fort Pitt was a fort in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The fort was built in 1758 during the French and Indian War, next to the site of Fort Duquesne. The French built Fort Duquesne in 1754, at the beginning of that war, and it became a focal point due to its strategic river location. The Braddock expedition, a 1755 attempt to take Fort Duquesne, met with a bloody repulse at the Monongahela River. The French garrison viciously mauled an attacking British regiment in September 1758, but abandoned and destroyed the fort at the approach of General John Forbes's expedition in November. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania) WIKI]

''''Tis the year '55 all over... after Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_309 309].

'''Sun, [[1764#January|January]] 8, 1764''' 
from the journal: "Fixed on the house of Mr. John Harland's (about 31 miles West of Philadelphia) to bring our instruments to." However, it appears that they actually returned to Philidelphia on the 9th to get the observatory and tools and then returned to the Harlands on the 14th where they "set up the sector in his Garden (inclosed in a tent), and in the Evening brought the Instruments into the Meridian, and took the following observations..." 

'''setting up their observatory at John Harland's farm''' 
See the [http://wikimapia.org/13906779/Stargazer-s-Stone LINK]

==Page 333==

'''"By February..." [[1764#February|February]] 28th, 1764 

'''"In March a Company of Axmen...clear a Visto..." [[1764#March|March]] 17- [[1764#April|April]] 12, 1764'''

'''Alexander Bryant's farm''' 
Listed as Alexander ''Bryan'' in the Journal and all historical records. See this [http://www.whiteclayfriends.org/mason_and_dixon.php LINK] for much more info pertaining to M&D around this time.

==Page 334==
'''a newly-set chunk of Rose Quartz''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_440 440] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''By June...they are instructed to proceed...''' 
They set out on [[1764#June|June]] 13, 1764.

'''Tangent Line''' 
[http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/#fig6 diagram] 

'''Nanticoke''' 
The Nanticoke River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula. It rises in southern Kent County, Delaware, flows through Sussex County, Delaware, and forms the boundary between Dorchester County, Maryland and Wicomico County, Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke_River WIKI]

'''Great Cypress Swamp''' 
The Great Cypress Swamp (also known as Great Pocomoke Swamp, Cypress Swamp, or Big Cypress Swamp), is a forested freshwater swamp located on the Delmarva Peninsula in South Delaware and Southeastern Maryland... It is the northernmost of the southern swamps and one of many along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It covers about 50 square miles (130 km2), mostly in southern Sussex County, Delaware. It is the source of the Pocomoke River, which flows south, and Pepper Creek, which flows northeast. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Cypress_Swamp WIKI]

'''"Middle Point"''' 
Mason and Dixon confirmed earlier survey work which delineated Delaware's southern boundary from the Atlantic Ocean to the ”Middle Point” stone (along what is today known as the Transpeninsular Line). They proceeded nearly due north from this to the Pennsylvania border. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_dixon_line WIKI]

==Page 335==

'''centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle''' 
[http://www.newcastlecity.net/visitors/bldgs.html#Courthouse Courthouse]
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=+211+Delaware+Street,+New+Castle,+DE&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.659801,-75.563643&spn=0.004072,0.010664&om=1 location][http://www.state.de.us/gic/photos/collections/historic/810.shtml photo]

'''Charles II''' 
Charles II (29 May 1630 OS – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England WIKI]

'''the younger William Penn''' 
William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. State of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his good relations and his treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn WIKI]

==Page 336==

'''Fermat's Last Theorem''' 
In 1636, Fermat claimed--but never offered--a clever proof to a seemingly obvious math theorem. "The fact that the problem's statement is understandable by schoolchildren makes it all the more frustrating, and it has probably generated more incorrect proofs than any other problem in the history of mathematics. No correct proof was found for 357 years, when a proof was finally published by Andrew Wiles in 1994" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_last_theorem Wikipedia].

'''Finial upon something of Mr. Chippendale's''' 
Finial - "Forming the crown or completion; crowning" (ODE)
Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''the dead Hand of the second James''' 
"James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, and Kingdom of Ireland. Many of his subjects distrusted his religious policies and supposed despotism, leading a group of them to depose him in the Glorious Revolution. He was replaced not by his Roman Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, Mary II and William III, who became joint rulers in 1689. The belief that James — not William III or Mary II — was the legitimate ruler became known as [[J#Jacobites|Jacobitism]] (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James)" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England Wikipedia]

'''the other Fictions that govern'd that unhappy Monarch's Life''' 
Are the fictions Jacobitism and Catholicism (per the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke |Rev. Cherrycoke's]] POV)?

'''acufloral Meditations''' 
Acufloral is treatment (think acupressure) using floral essences on specific meridian points- however, I am going to gather that here, Pynchon is alluding to Tenebrae's stitching of a floral pattern using pins (ie. acupuncture-like).

'''Fescue''' 
A pointer, used for lessons with children.

Is this a purposeful hearkening of the sexual tensions related to the Fescue on [[Chapter 9: 87-93|pages 92-93]]?

==Page 337==

'''[[H#Head of Elk|Head of Elk]]''' 
Refers to the head of Maryland's Elk River. It flows through
Cecil County and into Chesapeake Bay in the NE corner of Maryland just west
of the Delaware border. Head of Elk was of strategic significance in the
Revolutionary War: [http://www.ushistory.org/march/phila/elk.htm MORE]

Also, the town of Elkton, a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States... It was formerly called Head of Elk because it is located at the head of navigation on the Elk River, which flows into the nearby Chesapeake Bay. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkton,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Calvert agents''' 
Calverts were settlers of Maryland, as opposed to the Penns of Pennsylvania. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225]; page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301]

'''Duke of York''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_336 336] - James II entry

==Page 338==
'''hypnagogic''' 
"The state of intermediate consciousness preceding sleep" (American Heritage Dictionary), associated with hallucinations.

'''fifteen years ago in the era of Don Vicente Lopez''' 
Who is Don Vicente Lopez? 
Vicente Antonio Lopez, 1745-1802 [http://cybergata.com/roots/6809.htm] The dates sorta work, but this Vicente Lopez seems wrong, however, since this Vicente Lopez does not seem to have had an era named after him. Please delete if this is irrelevant.

'''The great Scepter atop the Court House''' 
See "...centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle..." on page 335, above.

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridotto]] 
A gathering for music and dancing, often in masquerade, popular in 18th century England.

==Page 339==
'''waking each [[G#Glaucous|glaucous]] Dawn into sweat and stillness''' 
Glaucous describes color: a green that has been dulled bluish and grayish. Botanically, it describes green vegetation, dulled with powdery bloom.

'''Catterick''' 
Catterick, sometimes Catterick Village to distinguish it from the nearby Catterick Garrison, is a village in North Yorkshire. It dates back to Roman times, when Cataractonium was a Roman fort protecting the crossing of the Great North Road and Dere Street over the River Swale. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catterick,_North_Yorkshire WIKI]

'''Binchester''' 
Binchester Roman Fort (called Vinovia by the Romans) is situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River Wear in County Durham, England. The fort was the site of a hamlet until the late middle-ages, but the modern-day village of Binchester is about 2 miles (3 km) to the east, near Spennymoor. The fort was established to guard the crossing of the River Wear by Dere Street, the main Roman road between York, Hadrian's Wall and Scotland, and also the fort's via principalis. It was the largest Roman fort in County Durham, but only a relatively small part of its centre has been excavated and is open to the public. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binchester_Roman_Fort WIKI]

'''Lanchester''' 
Longovicium (or Lanchester Roman Fort) was an auxiliary castra on Dere Street, in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior (Upper Britain - The Romans judged distances by proximity to Rome, therefore north England is inferior as it is farther away). Its ruins are located at Lanchester in the English county of Durham, roughly 8 miles (13 km) to the west of the city of Durham and 5 miles (8 km) from Consett. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longovicium WIKI]

'''we must stand in [[G#Glaur| Glaur]] of uncertain Depth''' 
Glaur: "liquid mud of the filthiest sort" -- Northumbld. Gloss, 1893 (per OED); lowland Scots for mud. "A fool with his eyes in the glaur" (p. 229) is a Pynchonian way of saying "A man of little foresight."

'''In August they finally go chaining past the eighty-one-mile mark...''' 
happens on [[1764#August|August]] 25, 1764.

==Page 340==
'''Lancaster''' 
Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the county seat of Lancaster County... Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''"''Ehw'' deah..."''' 
Oh dear?

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 28: 275-288

2010-08-22T05:36:03Z

Ikangelama: /* Page 287 */

==Page 275==
'''Mount Vernon''' 
located [http://maps.google.com/maps?ie=UTF8&om=1&z=15&ll=38.710563,-77.08643&spn=0.016509,0.028582&t=h here.]

==Page 276==
'''Gershom''' 
In the novel, this is the Washington's house slave. According to the Bible, Gershom was the firstborn son of Moses and Zipporah. The name appears to mean a sojourner there, which the text argues was a reference to Moses' flight from Egypt; biblical scholars regard the name as being essentially the same as Gershon, and it is Gershom rather than Gershon who is sometimes listed by the Book of Chronicles, as a founder of one of the principal Levite factions... The passage in Exodus concerning Moses and Zipporah reaching an inn, contain four of the most ambiguous and awkward sentences in Biblical text; the text appears to suggest that something, possibly God or an angel, attacks either Gershom or Moses, until a circumcision is carried out by Zipporah on whichever of the two men it was that was being attacked. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gershom WIKI]

'''Pontiac''' 
Pontiac or Obwandiyag (c. 1720 – April 20, 1769), was the Ottawa tribe leader who became famous for his role in Pontiac's Rebellion (1763–1766), an American Indian struggle against the British military occupation of the Great Lakes region following the British and Iroquois victory in the French and Indian War. Historians disagree about Pontiac's importance in the war that bears his name. Nineteenth century accounts portrayed him as the mastermind and leader of the revolt, while some subsequent interpretations have depicted him as a local leader with limited overall influence. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chief_Pontiac WIKI]

==Page 277==
'''General Bouquet's Proclamation''' 
Henry Bouquet (1719 – September 2, 1765) was a prominent British Army officer in the French and Indian War and Pontiac's War: Bouquet then moved his army from the Tuscarawas River to the Muskingum River at modern-day Coshocton, Ohio. This placed him in the heart of tribal lands and would allow him to quickly strike the natives' villages if they refused to cooperate. As part of the peace treaty, Bouquet demanded the return of all white captives in exchange for a promise not to destroy the Indian villages or seize any of their land. The return of the captives caused much bitterness among the tribesmen, because many of them had been forcibly adopted into Indian families as small children, and living among the Native Americans had been the only life they remembered. Some 'white Indians' managed to escape back into the native villages; many others were never exchanged. Bouquet was responsible for the return more than 200 white captives to the settlements back east. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Bouquet WIKI]

'''Mr. Cresap''' 
Sometime in late October, 1730, Cresap was attacked on his ferry boat by two Pennsylvanians. According to Cresap's Maryland deposition, Cresap and one of his workmen were hailed by the Pennsylvanians and began rowing the two men from the east to the west. Sixty yards into the trip, the Pennsylvanians turned their guns on the Marylanders and a fight ensued with Cresap attempting to use the oars to defend himself. After a short struggle, both Marylanders ended up in the water, holding on to the boat to keep from drowning. The Pennsylvanians tried to force Cresap to let go of the boat, and when Cresap asked if they intended to murder him, one swore that he did. Cresap eventually escaped when the boat drifted to shallow water near a large rock where Cresap was stranded for several hours until rescued by a friendly Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cresap%27s_War Cresap's War WIKI]

'''Ulster Scots''' 
Ulster Scots (or Ullans) generally refers to the dialects of Scots spoken in parts of Ulster. Some definitions of Ulster Scots may also include Standard English spoken with an Ulster Scots accent – where lexical items have been re-allocated to the phoneme classes that are nearest to the equivalent standard classes – a situation equivalent to that of Lowland Scots and Scottish Standard English. Ulster Scots has also been influenced by, and has itself influenced, Mid Ulster English. As a result of the competing influences of English and Scots source dialects, varieties can be characterised as 'more English' or 'more Scots'. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ulster_Scots WIKI]

'''Mr. Grenville''' 
George Grenville (14 October 1712 – 13 November 1770), was a British Whig statesman who served in government for the relatively short period of seven years, reaching the position of Prime Minister of Great Britain. He was one of the few prime ministers (others include William Pitt the Younger, Sir Winston Churchill, George Canning, Spencer Percival, and William Gladstone) who never acceded to the peerage. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Grenville WIKI]

==Page 278==
'''Lancaster County Rifles''' 
The Longrifle (or alternately Pennsylvania or "Kentucky" Rifle) is a type of rifle used in early America by both the military and civilians. It is characterized by an unusually long barrel, sometimes more than four feet in length, which is felt to be in large part a unique development of American rifles... Although experts argue the fine points of origin and lineage, it is accepted that the long rifle was the product of German gunsmiths who immigrated to new settlements in Pennsylvania and Virginia as early as the 1740s. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_rifle WIKI]

'''Fimble''' 
The male plant of hemp

==Parge 279==
'''''Kasha Varnishkies''''' 
Kasha varnishkas or kasha varnishkes is a traditional Jewish dish that combines kasha (buckwheat groats) with noodles, typically with bow-tie pasta. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kasha_varnishkas WIKI]

'''Joe Miller''' 
Joe Miller (Joseph or Josias) (1684 - August 16, 1738), English actor, first appears in the cast of Sir Robert Howard's Committee at Drury Lane in 1709 as Teague. Trinculo in The Tempest, the First Grave-digger in Hamlet and Marplot in The Busybody, were among his many favourite parts. He is said to have been a friend of Hogarth. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe_Miller_(actor) WIKI]

'''Dismal Swamp Land Company''' 
The Great Dismal Swamp is a marshy area on the Coastal Plain of southeastern Virginia and northeastern North Carolina between Norfolk, Virginia, and Elizabeth City, North Carolina in the United States... George Washington visited the swamp and then formed the Dismal Swamp Land Company in 1763, which proceeded to drain and harvest timber from part of the area. A five-mile (8 km) ditch on the west side of the current refuge there still bears his name. In 1805, the Dismal Swamp Canal began serving as a commercial highway for timber coming out of the swamp. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Dismal_Swamp WIKI]

==Page 281==
'''Ohio Company''' 
The Ohio Company, formally known as the Ohio Company of Virginia, was a land speculation company organized for the colonization of the Ohio Country. The activities of the company helped to provoke the outbreak of the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ohio_Company WIKI]

==Page 282==
'''Bishop-of-Durham Clause''' 
Durham's exceptional status reached its zenith by 1300, when Prince-Bishop Antony Beck remarked that: "There are two kings in England, namely the Lord King of England, wearing a crown in sign of his regality and the Lord Bishop of Durham wearing a mitre in place of a crown, in sign of his regality in the diocese of Durham". To ensure that episcopal functions continued to be performed while the diocesan bishop was playing his part in political affairs of state, suffragan bishops were appointed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bishop_of_Durham WIKI]

'''the 'Forty-five''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_232 232].

'''Monongahela''' 
The Monongahela River is a river on the Allegheny Plateau in North-Central West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania in the United States. At Pittsburgh, it meets the Allegheny River to form the Ohio River. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monongahela_River WIKI]

'''Glaucon''' 
Glaucon (born circa 445 BC) son of Ariston, was the philosopher Plato's older brother. He is primarily known as a major conversant with Socrates in the Republic, and the questioner during the Allegory of the Cave. He is also referenced briefly in the beginnings of two dialogues of Plato: Parmenides and the Symposium. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glaucon WIKI]

==Page 283==
'''Pelhams''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_21:_207-214#Page_209 209].

==Page 285==
'''Celeron de Bienville''' 
Pierre-Joseph Céloron de Blainville (also known as Celeron de Bienville, or Céleron or Céloron, etc.) was a French Canadian officer. In 1739-1740 he led a detachment to Louisiana to fight the Chickasaw in the abortive Chickasaw Campaign of 1739. In 1749 he led the 'Lead Plate Expedition' to advance France's territorial claim on the Ohio Valley. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeron_De_Bienville WIKI]

'''Battoe''' 
A bateau or batteau is a shallow-draft, flat-bottomed boat which was used extensively across North America, especially in the colonial period and in the fur trade. It was traditionally pointed at both ends but came in a wide variety of sizes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bateau WIKI]

==Page 287==
'''Masonick Password''' 
The exchange between Washington and Dixon is apparently a pre-arranged code by which Freemasons recognize each other. Freemasonry is a secretive fraternity whose regional groupings are classified as lodges. George Washington was a member of a lodge in Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freemasonry WIKI]

'''Report ev'rything to the Lodge''' 
The Roman Catholic church opposed Freemasonry from the eighteenth century onwards. Pynchon alludes to this in imparting anti-Jesuit sentiments to Washington and the local Lodge.

'''Jesuit Telegraph''' 
An anachronism if taken technically: the telegraph didnt appear until the late 18th century, invented by Claude Chappe, who along with his brother, had been educated at what USED to be the Jesuit College (Jesuits were expelled from the university a number of years before).

HOWEVER, the first telegraphs came in the form of optical telegraphs, including the use of smoke signals, beacons or reflected light, which have existed since ancient times. A semaphore network invented by Claude Chappe operated in France from 1792 through 1846. It helped Napoleon enough to be widely imitated in Europe and the U.S. The Prussian system was put into effect in the 1830s. The last commercial semaphore link ceased operation in Sweden in 1880. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Telegraph WIKI]

A friend suggested a name meaning a far writer, telegraph. In 1792, the first messages were successfully sent between Paris and Lille. In 1794 the semaphore line informed Parisians of the capture of Condé-sur-l'Escaut from the Austrians less than an hour after it occurred. Other lines were built, including a line from Paris to Toulon. The system was widely copied by other European states, and was used by Napoleon to coordinate his empire and army. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude_Chappe WIKI]

See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_515 515].

==Page 288==
'''Sino-Jesuit''' 
The first missionaries of the Society of Jesus arrived in China in 1565. The Jesuits were men whose vision went far beyond the Macau status quo, priests serving churches on the fringes of a pagan society. They were possessed by a dream - the creation of a Sino-Christian civilization that would match the Roman-Christian civilization of the West. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}