Thomas Pynchon Wiki - User contributions [en]

Main Page

2015-06-22T18:25:03Z

Hotratsalex: /* Featured Quote */

[[Image:MD_cover_sm.jpg|300px|right]]<big>'''Welcome to the ''Mason & Dixon'' Wiki'''</big>

To become a contributor/editor, [http://pynchonwiki.com/mycaptcha/captcha-page.php '''Create an account.''']

<likebutton>http%3A%2F%2Fmasondixon.pynchonwiki.com%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMain_Page</likebutton>

[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312423209/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312423209&linkCode=as2&tag=pyncwiki-20 '''Order ''Mason & Dixon''''']

This is the Wiki for [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s ''Mason & Dixon''.

Besides using the Alphabetical Index and the page-by-page annotation, you can take a look at [[Mason & Dixon covers|''Mason & Dixon'' covers]] or read the [[Mason & Dixon Reviews|reviews]].

==How to Use this Wiki==

There are two major ways to use this wiki. The first is the '''''Mason & Dixon'' Alphabetical Index''', used to keep track of the myriad characters, real and imagined, as well as events, arcana, and lots of other stuff. The second is the '''Spoiler-Free Annotations by Page''', which allows the reader to look up and contribute allusions and references while reading the book, in a convenient and spoiler-free manner. These two sections are so far almost entirely different, but we're working on integrating them.

Apart from those, it's up to you!

==Alphabetical Index==
Information on the characters, events, and everything else in ''Mason & Dixon'', organized alphabetically:{{MD_Alpha_Nav}}

==Page by Page Annotations==
{{MD PbP}}

==Dixon's Original Hand Drawn Map Of The Line And Important Points Along The Way==
Zoomable map at the [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd384/g3841/g3841f/ct002075.jp2 Library of Congress] or a very large detailed scan [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here]

== Featured Quote ==
[[file:bob-levin_redroom.jpg|thumb|75px|left]]
"As soon as I finished, I wanted to (a) immediately re-read it; (b) enroll in a one semester course devoted to nothing but its study; or ( c) stick it on the shelf and have nothing to do with it again. “Mason & Dixon” is a great novel; and I say this without having understood what seemed any more than, oh, ten percent."



== Pynchon Wiki Help and Contributor Guidelines==

[[Help:Contents|'''Click here for help with editing and creating pages.''']]

We have a few conventions we ask that you follow:

* When creating a new page, first check to make sure a page/article about what you want to write about hasn't already been created, by '''[[Special:Allpages|checking the list of all Wiki pages on Pynchon Wiki]]'''. If a page already exists, please modify that one.

* When creating a new page, if its information pertains to one (and only one) specific Pynchon novel, please categorize it with the appropriate identifier. For example, a page pertaining to ''Gravity's Rainbow'', should use the syntax <code><nowiki>[[Category:GR]]</nowiki></code>.

* To open a discussion on an individual listing of the Alpha Index, create one using the [[A|entry on Peter Tait]] as an example. Basically, give it a name that identifies the alpha listing (eg <nowiki>[[Name Discussion|DISCUSSION]]</nowiki>) and notice that the visible name will be "DISCUSSION" in full caps, so it stands out a bit.

* [[Help:Contents|More help for this wiki available here.]]

==External Links==

* [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=YqwtZmpFo8MC&dq=%22thomas+pynchon%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=6Mu9bzoXl-&sig=csHyXTpgXGKdfW7KSn0j2lHudHM&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=12&ct=result '''Search the contents of ''Mason & Dixon''''' (Google)]
* [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/ ThomasPynchon.com]
* [http://reconstruction.eserver.org/021/Haunting.htm Haunting and Hunting: Bodily Resurrection and the Occupation of History in Thomas Pynchon's ''Mason & Dixon''] - Justin Scott Coe
* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_m%26d.html The Modern Word page on Mason & Dixon]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_%26_Dixon Wikipedia ''Mason & Dixon'' page]
* [http://www.vheissu.info/mdmd/toc.php Extended ToC for ''Mason & Dixon'']

* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/ The Modern Word Pynchon page]
* [http://z11.invisionfree.com/thefictionalwoods/index.php The Fictional Woods] - a Pynchon forum
* [http://pynchonoid.blogspot.com/ Pynchonoid Blog]
* [http://www.waste.org/pynchon-l/ Pynchon-L]

===Reading Notes/Guides===
* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Mason & Dixon 3 Pages a Day'' Project]
* [http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/pschmid1/engl52b/m-d1.html Peter Schmidt’s ''Mason & Dixon'' Reading Notes]
* [[Dinn's Notes|"Dinn's Notes" from the Pynchon-L Group Read]]

===Historical Resources===
* [http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/ A Brief History of the Mason-Dixon Survey]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gallery==
Below are some of the images you will find on the ''Mason & Dixon'' Wiki. {{Special:Newimages}}

Thanks, and enjoy...

Main Page

2015-06-22T18:22:49Z

Hotratsalex: /* Featured Quote */

[[Image:MD_cover_sm.jpg|300px|right]]<big>'''Welcome to the ''Mason & Dixon'' Wiki'''</big>

To become a contributor/editor, [http://pynchonwiki.com/mycaptcha/captcha-page.php '''Create an account.''']

<likebutton>http%3A%2F%2Fmasondixon.pynchonwiki.com%2Fwiki%2Findex.php%3Ftitle%3DMain_Page</likebutton>

[http://www.amazon.com/gp/product/0312423209/ref=as_li_qf_sp_asin_tl?ie=UTF8&camp=1789&creative=9325&creativeASIN=0312423209&linkCode=as2&tag=pyncwiki-20 '''Order ''Mason & Dixon''''']

This is the Wiki for [[Thomas Pynchon]]'s ''Mason & Dixon''.

Besides using the Alphabetical Index and the page-by-page annotation, you can take a look at [[Mason & Dixon covers|''Mason & Dixon'' covers]] or read the [[Mason & Dixon Reviews|reviews]].

==How to Use this Wiki==

There are two major ways to use this wiki. The first is the '''''Mason & Dixon'' Alphabetical Index''', used to keep track of the myriad characters, real and imagined, as well as events, arcana, and lots of other stuff. The second is the '''Spoiler-Free Annotations by Page''', which allows the reader to look up and contribute allusions and references while reading the book, in a convenient and spoiler-free manner. These two sections are so far almost entirely different, but we're working on integrating them.

Apart from those, it's up to you!

==Alphabetical Index==
Information on the characters, events, and everything else in ''Mason & Dixon'', organized alphabetically:{{MD_Alpha_Nav}}

==Page by Page Annotations==
{{MD PbP}}

==Dixon's Original Hand Drawn Map Of The Line And Important Points Along The Way==
Zoomable map at the [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/map_item.pl?data=/home/www/data/gmd/gmd384/g3841/g3841f/ct002075.jp2 Library of Congress] or a very large detailed scan [https://jscholarship.library.jhu.edu/handle/1774.2/34999?show=full here]

== Featured Quote ==
[[file:bob-levin_redroom.jpg|thumb|75px|left]]
"As soon as I finished, I wanted to (a) immediately re-read it; (b) enroll in a one semester course devoted to nothing but its study; or ( c) stick it on the shelf and have nothing to do with it again. “Mason & Dixon” is a great novel; and I say this without having understood what seemed any more than, oh, ten percent."



== Pynchon Wiki Help and Contributor Guidelines==

[[Help:Contents|'''Click here for help with editing and creating pages.''']]

We have a few conventions we ask that you follow:

* When creating a new page, first check to make sure a page/article about what you want to write about hasn't already been created, by '''[[Special:Allpages|checking the list of all Wiki pages on Pynchon Wiki]]'''. If a page already exists, please modify that one.

* When creating a new page, if its information pertains to one (and only one) specific Pynchon novel, please categorize it with the appropriate identifier. For example, a page pertaining to ''Gravity's Rainbow'', should use the syntax <code><nowiki>[[Category:GR]]</nowiki></code>.

* To open a discussion on an individual listing of the Alpha Index, create one using the [[A|entry on Peter Tait]] as an example. Basically, give it a name that identifies the alpha listing (eg <nowiki>[[Name Discussion|DISCUSSION]]</nowiki>) and notice that the visible name will be "DISCUSSION" in full caps, so it stands out a bit.

* [[Help:Contents|More help for this wiki available here.]]

==External Links==

* [http://books.google.com/books?hl=en&id=YqwtZmpFo8MC&dq=%22thomas+pynchon%22&printsec=frontcover&source=web&ots=6Mu9bzoXl-&sig=csHyXTpgXGKdfW7KSn0j2lHudHM&sa=X&oi=book_result&resnum=12&ct=result '''Search the contents of ''Mason & Dixon''''' (Google)]
* [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/ ThomasPynchon.com]
* [http://reconstruction.eserver.org/021/Haunting.htm Haunting and Hunting: Bodily Resurrection and the Occupation of History in Thomas Pynchon's ''Mason & Dixon''] - Justin Scott Coe
* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_m%26d.html The Modern Word page on Mason & Dixon]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_%26_Dixon Wikipedia ''Mason & Dixon'' page]
* [http://www.vheissu.info/mdmd/toc.php Extended ToC for ''Mason & Dixon'']

* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/ The Modern Word Pynchon page]
* [http://z11.invisionfree.com/thefictionalwoods/index.php The Fictional Woods] - a Pynchon forum
* [http://pynchonoid.blogspot.com/ Pynchonoid Blog]
* [http://www.waste.org/pynchon-l/ Pynchon-L]

===Reading Notes/Guides===
* [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Mason & Dixon 3 Pages a Day'' Project]
* [http://www.swarthmore.edu/Humanities/pschmid1/engl52b/m-d1.html Peter Schmidt’s ''Mason & Dixon'' Reading Notes]
* [[Dinn's Notes|"Dinn's Notes" from the Pynchon-L Group Read]]

===Historical Resources===
* [http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/ A Brief History of the Mason-Dixon Survey]

<div style="clear:both;"></div>

==Gallery==
Below are some of the images you will find on the ''Mason & Dixon'' Wiki. {{Special:Newimages}}

Thanks, and enjoy...

Mason & Dixon

2015-06-22T18:16:30Z

Hotratsalex:

{{infobox Book |
| name = 'Mason & Dixon'
| image = [[Image:mason-dixon-cvr.jpg|200px|''Mason & Dixon'' book cover]]
| image_caption =
| author = [[Thomas Pynchon]]
| publisher = [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_Holt_and_Company Henry Holt and Company]
| release_date = 1997
| pages =
| isbn = ISBN 0-8050-3758-6
| preceded_by = [http://vineland.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Vineland'']
| followed_by = [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Against the Day'']
}}

'''''Mason & Dixon''''', an epic postmodernist novel by [[Thomas Pynchon]] first published in 1997, centers on the collaboration of the historical [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Mason Charles Mason] and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeremiah_Dixon Jeremiah Dixon] in their astronomical and surveying exploits in Cape Colony, Saint Helena, Great Britain and along the Mason-Dixon line in British North America on the eve of the American Revolutionary War.

Intermingled with Mason and Dixon's biographies, history, fantasy, legend, speculation, and outright fabrication, this novel offers not "the" story of Mason and Dixon, but "a" story of Mason and Dixon through the narrative focal point of one Rev. Wicks Cherrycoke, a clergyman of dubious orthodoxy, who attempts to entertain and divert his extended family on a cold December evening — partly for amusement, and partly to keep his coveted status as a guest in the house.

== Plot summary and structure ==

The novel's scope takes in aspects of established Colonial American history including the call of the West, the often ignored histories of women, Native Americans, and slaves, plus excursions into geomancy, Deism, a [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/hollow_Earth hollow Earth], and — perhaps — alien abduction. The novel also contains philosophical discussions and parables of automata/robots, the afterlife, slavery, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/feng_shui feng shui] and others. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_Washington George Washington], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Franklin Benjamin Franklin], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nevil_Maskelyne Nevil Maskelyne], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel_Johnson Samuel Johnson], [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Jefferson Thomas Jefferson], and [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harrison John Harrison's] marine chronometer all make appearances. Pynchon provides an intricate conspiracy theory involving [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuits Jesuits] and their Chinese converts, which may or may not be occurring within the nested and ultimately inexact narrative structure.

Rather than a mistake or flaw on Pynchon's part, this narrative structure is constructed to be inexact in a (perhaps paradoxically) precise fashion; it demonstrates the fragility, rather than the secure foundations, of any historical record, and indeed, history itself. The Cherrycoke narrative shifts internally from one point of view to another, often relating events from the view of people Cherrycoke has never met. His story shifts its emphasis based on which members of his family are in the room — veering toward the adventure-heroic when the young twin boys are listening, veering away from the homoerotic at the insistence of more prudish (and richer) relatives. Also, a parallel story read by two cousins, an erotic 'captured by Indians' narrative, works its way into the main thread of Cherrycoke's story, further blurring and finally obliterating the line between objective history and subjectivity — what "really happened" is nothing more than a construction of several narrators, perhaps one of whom directly is the author.

Pynchon employs the spelling, grammar, and syntax of an actual late 18th century document, further emphasizing the novel's intended anachronism. While making the novel difficult to read without effort (at least on the first and second readings), Pynchon's use of language soon develops into a readable pattern, emphasizing that the style that went into [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/ ''Gravity's Rainbow''] had not dimmed in the twenty-four years between publications. No less Pynchon's attention to detail, be it accents, customs, dress, travel — it is so cunning that once Pynchon starts describing objects such as coaches that are bigger on the inside than the outside that the "fabulous" becomes "natural".

However, like a science-fiction film, the novel does not rely on its "special effects". In the end it is a sad, touching story of two people who were "mates", as Doctor Isaac Mason puts it. John Krewson, writing for ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Onion The Onion] A.V. Club,'' observed "Whatever meanings and complex messages may lie hidden in Pynchon's text can, for now, be left to develop subconsciously as the reader enjoys the more immediate rewards of the work of a consummate storyteller. Pynchon is one, and he never quite lets you forget that while this might be an epic story, it's an epic story told to wide-eyed children who are up past their bedtime."

==Quotes==

*"Facts are but the Play-things of lawyers,—Tops and Hoops, forever a-spin.... Alas, the Historian may indulge no such idle Rotating. History is not Chronology, for that is left to lawyers, nor is Remembrance, for Remembrance belongs to the People. History can as little pretend to the Veracity of the one, as claim the Power of the other,—her Practitioners, to survive, must soon learn the arts of the quidnunc, spy and Taproom Wit, that there may ever continue more than one life-line back into a Past we risk, each day, losing our forbears in forever,— not a Chain of single Links, for one broken Link could lose us All, rather, a great disorderly Tangle of Lines, long and short, weak and strong, vanishing into the Mnemonick Deep, with only their Destination in common." ([[35: 349-361,#Page 349|p.349]])

*"...Who claims Truth, Truth abandons. History is hir'd, or coerc'd, only in Interests that must ever prove base. She is too innocent, to be left within the reach of anyone in Power, who need but touch her, and all her Credit is in the instant vanish'd, as if it had never been. She needs rather to be tended lovingly and honorably by fabulists and counterfeiters, Ballad-Mongers and Cranks of ev'ry Radius, Masters of Disguise to provide her the Costume, Toilette, and Bearing, and Speech nimble enough to keep her beyond the Desires, or even the Curiosity, of Government..." ([[35: 349-361,#Page 350|p.350]])

==External links==
*[http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/ HyperArt's ''Mason & Dixon'' resource page]

==Similar or related works of fiction==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Sot-Weed_Factor ''The Sot-Weed Factor''] (1960) by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Barth John Barth]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One_Hundred_Years_of_Solitude ''One Hundred Years of Solitude''] (1967, English trans. 1970) by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gabriel_Garcia_García Márquez García Márquez]
* ''[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Libra_(novel) ''Libra''] (1988) by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don_DeLillo Don DeLillo]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudolino ''Baudolino''] (2000) by [http://en.wikipedia.orgwiki/wiki/Umberto_Eco Umberto Eco] where another confabulator relates tales of dubious historical authenticity
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Baroque_Cycle ''The Baroque Cycle''] (2003-4) by [http://en.wikipedia.org/Neal_Stephenson Neal Stephenson]
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailing_to_Philadelphia_%28song%29 ''Sailing to Philadelphia''] (2000) by [http://en.wikipedia.org/Mark_Knopfler Mark Knopfler], a song based on the story.

== See also ==
* [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason-Dixon_Line Mason-Dixon Line]

Chapter 76: 744-748

2014-05-23T22:25:36Z

Hotratsalex: corrected entry for Cotswold to Cotswold house

__TOC__

==Page 744==
'''Dr. Johnson''' [[File:Hebridesmap.png|200px|thumb|right|The Inner and Outer Hebrides.]]Samuel Johnson, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_351 351].

'''Boswell''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_74:_717-732#Page_718 718].

'''Trip to the Hebrides''' 
On 6 August 1773, eleven years after first meeting Boswell, Johnson set out to visit his friend in Scotland, to begin "a journey to the western islands of Scotland", as Johnson's 1775 account of their travels would put it. The work was intended to discuss the social problems and struggles that affected the Scottish people, but it also praised many of the unique facets of Scottish society, such as a school in Edinburgh for the deaf and mute. Also, Johnson used the work to enter into the dispute over the authenticity of James Macpherson's Ossian poems, claiming they could not have been translations of ancient Scottish literature on the grounds that "in those times nothing had been written in the Earse [i.e. Gaelic] language". There were heated exchanges between the two, and according to one of Johnson's letters, MacPherson threatened physical violence. Boswell's account, ''The Journal of a Tour to the Hebrides'' (1786), was a preliminary attempt at a biography before his ''Life of Johnson''. Included were various quotes and descriptions of events, including anecdotes such as Johnson swinging around a broadsword while wearing Scottish garb, or dancing a Highland jig. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Johnson WIKI]

'''Cham''' 
An autocrat or dominant critic, especially Samuel Johnson. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/cham WIKI]

==Page 745==
'''Haggis''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_216 216].

'''The 'Forty-five''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_232 232].

==Page 746==
'''Quarto''' 
(Paper) A size of paper (7.5"-10" x 10"-12.5"), formed by folding and cutting a standard large sheet of paper (15"-20" x 20"-25") twice to form 4 leaves (eight sides). From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/quarto WIKI]

'''Learnèd English Dog''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_3:_14-29#Page_18 18].

'''Mandeville''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_349 349].

==Page 747==
'''Cock Lane Ghost''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_18:_183-189#Page_183 183].

'''Toss-Pot''' 
(British, pejorative) A fool, prat, idiot etc. From [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toss_pot WIKI]

==Page 748==
'''Silbury Hill''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_61:_597-607#Page_598 598].

'''Schiehallion''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_74:_717-732#Page_730 730].

'''Perthshire''' 
Perthshire, officially the County of Perth, is a registration county in central Scotland. It extends from Strathmore in the east, to the Pass of Drumochter in the north, Rannoch Moor and Ben Lui in the west, and Aberfoyle in the south... Perthshire was known as the "big county" and had a wide variety of landscapes, from the rich agricultural straths in the east, to the high mountains of the southern Highlands. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perthshire WIKI]

'''Cotswold house''' 
A Cotswold-style house is traditionally long and narrow (See 'Cider with Rosie' by Laurie Lee for a description of growing up in one).

The Cotswolds themselves are an area in south central England containing the Cotswolds Hills, a range of rolling hills which rise from the meadows of the upper Thames to an escarpment, known as the Cotswold Edge, above the Severn Valley and Evesham Vale. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cotswolds WIKI]
==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 13: 125-145

2014-05-23T22:09:30Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 137 */

==Page 125==
'''against the Day swelling near''' 
just note.

'''whiten'd Rock Walls''' 
White is the color of the buildings in the Columbian Exposition in ATD. White is usually the color of the elite in ATD. Also Cf. The White Visitation in GR.

'''James's Town''' 
No curfew, everyone full of a good time, ruled by the moon. A Pynchon 'paradise". "Not Cape Town".

==Page 128==

'''Governor Hutchinson''' 
British royal governor of colonial Massachusetts from 1771 to 1774 and a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolution. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_%28governor%29 WIKI].

==Page 129==

'''Etesian Winds''' 
strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea. During hot summer days, this is by far the most preferred weather type and is considered a blessing. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etesian Wiki]

'''the face of a Woman of the Town, multiply-patch'd''' 
In the 18th century, black silk patches were worn not only to cover blemishes like pox scars. Their placement on different regions of the face was used as a code to indicate the wearer's attitudes.

==Page 134==
'''Mathesis''' 
Hypothetical universal science modeled on mathematics envisaged by Leibniz and Descartes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathesis_universalis WIKI]

'''Saint Brendan''' 
Irish monastic, St Brendan is chiefly renowned for his legendary journey to The Isle of the Blessed as described in the ninth century ''Voyage of St Brendan the Navigator''. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Brendan WIKI].

'''Paradise''' 
Age of Reason disposes of the notion. Cf. search for Shambala in ATD.

==Page 135==
'''Motto of Jacob Bernouilli''' 
One of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. Following his father's wish, Jacob studied theology and entered the ministry. But contrary to the desires of his parents, he also studied mathematics and astronomy. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernouilli WIKI].

==Page 137==
'''Mason begins to edge toward the Tent opening''' 
Rare location leakage. Tent? This unbroken conversation started on p.134 with them standing 'in the scent of an orange grove... they have been searching for it all the long declining Day... in the volcanic meadow where the two stand.' If the meadow was only three pages of conversation from Maskelyne's observatory, surely they would have found the orange grove sooner?

==Page 139==
'''common acquaintance but lately withdrawn''' 
The absent God, again.

==Page 141==
'''Longitude Act of 1714''' 
The Longitude Prize was a reward offered by the British government through an Act of Parliament in 1714 for a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. The prize was administered by the Board of Longitude. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_Act WIKI].

==Page 142==
'''using what influence you can with Astronomers of other Principalities, as well as among the Jesuits &c... my Zero Meridian not upon Greenwich, nor Paris, but a certain Himalayan Observatory''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions WIKI] entry for Jesuit China missions.

'''Dr. Zhang''' 
Though Zhang is common name in the East, it is likely that Pynchon had Zhang Heng in mind in regard to this character. Zhang was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25–220) of China. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Heng WIKI] for much more.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 13: 125-145

2014-05-23T22:08:57Z

Hotratsalex: replaced location leakage note. No conversational gaps to allow for time-shifting.

Chapter 31: 302-314

2013-05-11T15:47:11Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 311 */

==Page 302==
''''One morning in late December...' [[1763#December|December]] 28? or 29?, 1763 [see note for page 304]''' 

==Page 303==
'''the Adonis''' 
The allusion to extreme physical attractiveness is apparent in the psychoanalytical Adonis Complex which refers to a body image obsession with improving one's physique and youthful appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis WIKI]

'''Market-place Drolls''' 
Drolls are short comical sketches that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drolls WIKI]

==Page 304==
'''The Restless Bee''' 
a block and a half from where they are staying...must been near New Market...

'''Susurrus''' 
A whispering, rustling, murmuring sound - an example of onomatapoea.

''''At Lancaster,-day before yesterday...''' 
this puts the date of this section in question. The Massacre occured on Tuesday [[1763#December|December]] 27, 1763, which would make the date of the page December 29th. However, Dixon says its "odd for Wednesday market" that it would be so quiet. This suggests Wednesday, December 28th as the correct day for this passage.

Lancaster County, known as the Garden Spot of America, is a county located in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States... The fourteen survivors of the tribe were placed in protective custody in the county workhouse, but the Paxton Boys returned on December 27, broke into the workhouse, and butchered the remaining Susquehannocks. The widespread sympathy in the frontier counties for the perpetrators of these acts made their discovery and arrest futile. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Conestoga''' 
Conestoga Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Colonel Robertson''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

'''Paxton Vermin''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_305 305].

==Page 305==
'''Matt Smith''' 
Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith)—the dates of his birth and death apparently unknown—was a Pennsylvania politician. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Smith_(Pennsylvania_statesman) WIKI]

'''Revd. Stewart''' 
John Stewart (1786-1823) was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians of Ohio and founder of what is often considered the first Methodist mission in America. Stewart was born in Powhatan County, Virginia to free Negro parents who were of mixed ancestry; a mix of white, black, and Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary) WIKI]

'''fuliginous''' 
Fuliginous refers to a sooty, obscure or murky color (Merriam-Webster). As used by the author Gene Wolf in his books involving Severian the torturer, who wears a fuligin cape, the word refers to a color darker than black.

'''Paxton Boys''' [[Image:PaxtonMassacre.jpg|thumb|Paxton Massacre|right]]
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 306==
'''Moravian Brethren''' 
The Moravian Church is a mainline Protestant denomination. Its religious heritage began in Kunvald late 14th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Its official name is Unitas Fratrum meaning Unity of the Brethren (not to be confused with the small Unity of the Brethren church based in Texas). It is also occasionally referred to as the Bohemian Brethren. It places a high premium on Christian unity, personal piety, missions and music. The church's emblem is the Lamb of God with the flag of victory, surrounded by the Latin inscription: Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur; or in English: "Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church WIKI]

'''In fact, when word arriv'd...''' 
this paragraph is a flashback to [[1763#December|December]] 16, 1763. 

==Page 307==
'''Time of Bushy Run''' 
The Battle of Bushy Run occurred on August 5-6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763-65. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run WIKI]

'''General Bouquet''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

'''General Gage''' 
Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American Revolution... From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander in chief of the North American forces, including the direction of the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions played a role in sparking of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775. After his failure to resolve the Siege of Boston he was replaced by General Howe in October 1775, and returned to England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage WIKI]

'''Hospital Blankets us'd 'to convey the Small-pox to the Indians'...''' 
As it turned out, officers at the besieged Fort Pitt had already attempted to do what Amherst and Bouquet were still discussing, apparently without having been ordered to do so by Amherst or Bouquet. During a parley at Fort Pitt on June 24, 1763, Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, hoping to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. William Trent, the militia commander, left records that clearly indicated that the purpose of giving the blankets was "to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion WIKI]

==Page 308==
'''Brown Besses''' 
Brown Bess is a nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess WIKI]

'''Mantua-Maker''' 
A Mantua (from the French Manteuil ) is an article of women's clothing worn in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century. Originally a loose gown, the later mantua was an overgown or robe typically worn over stays, stomacher and a co-ordinating petticoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Peggy Shippen''' 
Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804 or February 14, 1836), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775)... When she was very young, she learned that she could get anything she wanted from her sister, Elizabeth, by throwing a tantrum. Either her mother or father would give in and allow her to have what she wanted. She used this to her advantage throughout her life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Shippen WIKI]

'''poor young Andre''' 
John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British Army... During Peggy Shippen's visits to her home, she met British Major John Andre, after the British took control of Philadelphia. They became good friends, some even say there were mild flirtations. When he left, he gave her a lock of his hair in a golden locket. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Andre WIKI]

'''Veins and Reins''' 
"reins" is the French word for "kidneys," carried over into early modern
English.
"Reins (rànz) pl.n.: 1. The kidneys, loins, or lower back."
http://www.answers.com/topic/reins

==Page 309==
'''Braddock''' 
See [[b#braddock|Braddock, Edward]] alphabetical entry.

'''Hibernia''' 
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The name Hibernia was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία). It is likely that the Romans saw a connection between these historical names and the Latin word hibernus meaning wintry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia WIKI]

==Page 310==
''''Tis too cloudy for Obs tonight...''' 
this happened the night of [[1763#December|December]] 29, 1763, supporting the 29th as the date for page 302. "Wednesday Market" is a mistake on Dixon's part.

'''Forks of Brandywine''' 
The tributaries (themselves, colloquially, forks) of Brandywine Creek
drain the whole area, so it's a district.

Brandywine Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies north of the Christina River and east of Brandywine Creek, excepting that portion in the south included in Wilmington Hundred. Its northern boundary follows a portion of the 12 mile arc drawn around the town of New Castle. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for Brandywine Creek that flows along its western boundary. When created it included some of the area now in the Wilmington Hundred, which was split off 1833. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Hundred WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry''' 
John Harris, Sr., (1673 - December 1748) emigrated from Britain to America late in the 17th century... In 1733 he was granted the right to operate a ferry across the Susquehanna and for more than half a century "Harris's Ferry" was the funnel through which much of the Scottish, Irish and German migration trickled west. In the same year Harris acquired, through grants, two tracts of land adjacent to his ferry, totaling 800 acres. Today, the area has been developed into downtown Harrisburg. John Harris Sr. Had 7 sons and 2 daughters who spread out and whose descendants are spread through the US. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris,_Sr. WIKI]

==Page 311==
'''Perfumes of Celebes''' 
Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi (coffee) — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_varieties WIKI]

'''Delphic Vapors''' 
The priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia. Apollo spoke through his oracle, who had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. The sibyl or prophetess took the name Pythia and sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene came out of this opening that is known to produce violent trances, though this theory remains debatable. While in a trance the Pythia "raved" - probably a form of ecstatic speech - and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi WIKI]

'''"...wi' nowt but Spoil-Heaps to look at"''' 
An unlikely usage from Mason; 'nowt' and 'owt' are North-English parlance for 'nothing' and 'something', derived from 'naught' and 'aught'. But Mason is from Gloucestershire, too far south for it to be a natural part of his vocabulary. He may be mocking Dixon, but as a Geordie, Dixon would pronounce it 'noot'.

==Page 312==
'''Wolfe's Men''' 
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Page 313==
'''the White People... Eden''' 
Cf. the White City in Against the Day and especially the 'reality' revealed around the White City with the 'reality' adumbrated in this whole paragraph as well.

'''front of the Arras''' 
a wall-hanging, as in the one behind which Polonius hides in Act III, Scene IV of Hamlet. Thinking it to be his stepfather, saying, "How now? a rat?", Hamlet fatally stabs him, through the arras.

'''hydraulick Looms''' 
See Pynchon's essay [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite''] for more on this topic.

'''expell'd from Paradise by Wolfe and his Regiment''' 
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 31: 302-314

2013-05-11T15:46:39Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 311 */ nowt defined

==Page 302==
''''One morning in late December...' [[1763#December|December]] 28? or 29?, 1763 [see note for page 304]''' 

==Page 303==
'''the Adonis''' 
The allusion to extreme physical attractiveness is apparent in the psychoanalytical Adonis Complex which refers to a body image obsession with improving one's physique and youthful appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adonis WIKI]

'''Market-place Drolls''' 
Drolls are short comical sketches that originated during the Puritan Interregnum in England. With the closure of the theatres, actors were left without any way of plying their art. Borrowing scenes from well-known plays of the Elizabethan theatre, they added dancing and other entertainments and performed these, sometimes illegally, to make money. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drolls WIKI]

==Page 304==
'''The Restless Bee''' 
a block and a half from where they are staying...must been near New Market...

'''Susurrus''' 
A whispering, rustling, murmuring sound - an example of onomatapoea.

''''At Lancaster,-day before yesterday...''' 
this puts the date of this section in question. The Massacre occured on Tuesday [[1763#December|December]] 27, 1763, which would make the date of the page December 29th. However, Dixon says its "odd for Wednesday market" that it would be so quiet. This suggests Wednesday, December 28th as the correct day for this passage.

Lancaster County, known as the Garden Spot of America, is a county located in the south-central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania, in the United States... The fourteen survivors of the tribe were placed in protective custody in the county workhouse, but the Paxton Boys returned on December 27, broke into the workhouse, and butchered the remaining Susquehannocks. The widespread sympathy in the frontier counties for the perpetrators of these acts made their discovery and arrest futile. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Conestoga''' 
Conestoga Township is a township in west central Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conestoga_Township,_Lancaster_County,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''Colonel Robertson''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_489 489].

'''Paxton Vermin''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_305 305].

==Page 305==
'''Matt Smith''' 
Matthew Smith (also spelled Mathew Smith)—the dates of his birth and death apparently unknown—was a Pennsylvania politician. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Smith_(Pennsylvania_statesman) WIKI]

'''Revd. Stewart''' 
John Stewart (1786-1823) was a missionary to the Wyandot Indians of Ohio and founder of what is often considered the first Methodist mission in America. Stewart was born in Powhatan County, Virginia to free Negro parents who were of mixed ancestry; a mix of white, black, and Indian. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stewart_(missionary) WIKI]

'''fuliginous''' 
Fuliginous refers to a sooty, obscure or murky color (Merriam-Webster). As used by the author Gene Wolf in his books involving Severian the torturer, who wears a fuligin cape, the word refers to a color darker than black.

'''Paxton Boys''' [[Image:PaxtonMassacre.jpg|thumb|Paxton Massacre|right]]
See [[p#paxtonboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 306==
'''Moravian Brethren''' 
The Moravian Church is a mainline Protestant denomination. Its religious heritage began in Kunvald late 14th century Bohemia (modern Czech Republic). Its official name is Unitas Fratrum meaning Unity of the Brethren (not to be confused with the small Unity of the Brethren church based in Texas). It is also occasionally referred to as the Bohemian Brethren. It places a high premium on Christian unity, personal piety, missions and music. The church's emblem is the Lamb of God with the flag of victory, surrounded by the Latin inscription: Vicit agnus noster, eum sequamur; or in English: "Our Lamb has conquered, let us follow Him." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moravian_Church WIKI]

'''In fact, when word arriv'd...''' 
this paragraph is a flashback to [[1763#December|December]] 16, 1763. 

==Page 307==
'''Time of Bushy Run''' 
The Battle of Bushy Run occurred on August 5-6, 1763, in western Pennsylvania, between a British relief column under the command of Colonel Henry Bouquet and a combined force of Delaware, Shawnee, Mingo, and Huron warriors during Pontiac's Rebellion, 1763-65. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bushy_Run WIKI]

'''General Bouquet''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_277 277].

'''General Gage''' 
Thomas Gage (1719 – April 2, 1787) was a British general, best known for his role in the early days of the American Revolution... From 1763 to 1775 he served as commander in chief of the North American forces, including the direction of the British response to the 1763 Pontiac's Rebellion. In 1774 he was also appointed the military governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay, where his actions played a role in sparking of the American Revolutionary War in April 1775. After his failure to resolve the Siege of Boston he was replaced by General Howe in October 1775, and returned to England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Gage WIKI]

'''Hospital Blankets us'd 'to convey the Small-pox to the Indians'...''' 
As it turned out, officers at the besieged Fort Pitt had already attempted to do what Amherst and Bouquet were still discussing, apparently without having been ordered to do so by Amherst or Bouquet. During a parley at Fort Pitt on June 24, 1763, Ecuyer gave representatives of the besieging Delawares two blankets and a handkerchief that had been exposed to smallpox, hoping to spread the disease to the Natives in order to end the siege. William Trent, the militia commander, left records that clearly indicated that the purpose of giving the blankets was "to Convey the Smallpox to the Indians." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pontiac%27s_Rebellion WIKI]

==Page 308==
'''Brown Besses''' 
Brown Bess is a nickname of uncertain origin for the British Army's Land Pattern Musket and its derivatives. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown_Bess WIKI]

'''Mantua-Maker''' 
A Mantua (from the French Manteuil ) is an article of women's clothing worn in the late seventeenth century and eighteenth century. Originally a loose gown, the later mantua was an overgown or robe typically worn over stays, stomacher and a co-ordinating petticoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mantua_(clothing) WIKI]

'''Peggy Shippen''' 
Peggy Shippen, or Margaret Shippen (July 11, 1760 - August 24, 1804 or February 14, 1836), was the second wife of General Benedict Arnold (following Margaret Mansfield, who died in 1775)... When she was very young, she learned that she could get anything she wanted from her sister, Elizabeth, by throwing a tantrum. Either her mother or father would give in and allow her to have what she wanted. She used this to her advantage throughout her life. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy_Shippen WIKI]

'''poor young Andre''' 
John André (May 2, 1750 – October 2, 1780) was a British army officer hanged as a spy during the American Revolutionary War. This was due to an incident in which he assisted Benedict Arnold's attempted surrender of the fort at West Point, New York to the British Army... During Peggy Shippen's visits to her home, she met British Major John Andre, after the British took control of Philadelphia. They became good friends, some even say there were mild flirtations. When he left, he gave her a lock of his hair in a golden locket. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Andre WIKI]

'''Veins and Reins''' 
"reins" is the French word for "kidneys," carried over into early modern
English.
"Reins (rànz) pl.n.: 1. The kidneys, loins, or lower back."
http://www.answers.com/topic/reins

==Page 309==
'''Braddock''' 
See [[b#braddock|Braddock, Edward]] alphabetical entry.

'''Hibernia''' 
Hibernia is the Classical Latin name for the island of Ireland. The name Hibernia was taken from Greek geographical accounts. During his exploration of northwest Europe (circa 320 BC), Pytheas of Massilia called the island Ierne (written Ἰέρνη). In his book Geographia (circa 150 AD), Claudius Ptolemaeus called the island Iouernia (written Ἰουερνία). It is likely that the Romans saw a connection between these historical names and the Latin word hibernus meaning wintry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hibernia WIKI]

==Page 310==
''''Tis too cloudy for Obs tonight...''' 
this happened the night of [[1763#December|December]] 29, 1763, supporting the 29th as the date for page 302. "Wednesday Market" is a mistake on Dixon's part.

'''Forks of Brandywine''' 
The tributaries (themselves, colloquially, forks) of Brandywine Creek
drain the whole area, so it's a district.

Brandywine Hundred is that portion of New Castle County that lies north of the Christina River and east of Brandywine Creek, excepting that portion in the south included in Wilmington Hundred. Its northern boundary follows a portion of the 12 mile arc drawn around the town of New Castle. It was one of the original hundreds in Delaware created in 1682 and was named for Brandywine Creek that flows along its western boundary. When created it included some of the area now in the Wilmington Hundred, which was split off 1833. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandywine_Hundred WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry''' 
John Harris, Sr., (1673 - December 1748) emigrated from Britain to America late in the 17th century... In 1733 he was granted the right to operate a ferry across the Susquehanna and for more than half a century "Harris's Ferry" was the funnel through which much of the Scottish, Irish and German migration trickled west. In the same year Harris acquired, through grants, two tracts of land adjacent to his ferry, totaling 800 acres. Today, the area has been developed into downtown Harrisburg. John Harris Sr. Had 7 sons and 2 daughters who spread out and whose descendants are spread through the US. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Harris,_Sr. WIKI]

==Page 311==
'''Perfumes of Celebes''' 
Sulawesi Toraja Kalossi (coffee) — Grown at high altitudes on the island of Sulawesi (formerly known as Celebes) in the middle of the Malay archipelago in Indonesia. Kalossi is the small town in central Sulawesi which serves as the collection point for the coffee and Toraja is the mountainous area in which the coffee is grown. Celebes exhibits a rich, full body, well-balanced acidity (slightly more than Sumatra) and is multi-dimensional in character. It has dark chocolate and ripe fruit undertones. It is an excellent coffee for darker roasting. Because of its semi-dry processing, it may roast a bit unevenly. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coffee_varieties WIKI]

'''Delphic Vapors''' 
The priestess of the oracle at Delphi was known as the Pythia. Apollo spoke through his oracle, who had to be an older woman of blameless life chosen from among the peasants of the area. The sibyl or prophetess took the name Pythia and sat on a tripod seat over an opening in the earth. When Apollo slew Python, its body fell into this fissure, according to legend, and fumes arose from its decomposing body. Intoxicated by the vapors, the sibyl would fall into a trance, allowing Apollo to possess her spirit. In this state she prophesied. It has been postulated that a gas high in ethylene came out of this opening that is known to produce violent trances, though this theory remains debatable. While in a trance the Pythia "raved" - probably a form of ecstatic speech - and her ravings were "translated" by the priests of the temple into elegant hexameters. People consulted the Delphic oracle on everything from important matters of public policy to personal affairs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delphi WIKI]

'''...wi' nowt but Spoil-Heaps to look at''' 
An unlikely usage from Mason; 'nowt' and 'owt' are North-English parlance for 'nothing' and 'something', derived from 'naught' and 'aught'. But Mason is from Gloucestershire, too far south for it to be a natural part of his vocabulary. He may be mocking Dixon, but as a Geordie, Dixon would pronounce it 'noot'.

==Page 312==
'''Wolfe's Men''' 
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Page 313==
'''the White People... Eden''' 
Cf. the White City in Against the Day and especially the 'reality' revealed around the White City with the 'reality' adumbrated in this whole paragraph as well.

'''front of the Arras''' 
a wall-hanging, as in the one behind which Polonius hides in Act III, Scene IV of Hamlet. Thinking it to be his stepfather, saying, "How now? a rat?", Hamlet fatally stabs him, through the arras.

'''hydraulick Looms''' 
See Pynchon's essay [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite''] for more on this topic.

'''expell'd from Paradise by Wolfe and his Regiment''' 
See [[w#wolfe|Wolfe, James]]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 13: 125-145

2013-05-10T19:55:14Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 137 */

==Page 125==
'''against the Day swelling near''' 
just note.

'''whiten'd Rock Walls''' 
White is the color of the buildings in the Columbian Exposition in ATD. White is usually the color of the elite in ATD. Also Cf. The White Visitation in GR.

'''James's Town''' 
No curfew, everyone full of a good time, ruled by the moon. A Pynchon 'paradise". "Not Cape Town".

==Page 128==

'''Governor Hutchinson''' 
British royal governor of colonial Massachusetts from 1771 to 1774 and a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolution. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_%28governor%29 WIKI].

==Page 129==
'''no one here knows how he appears to anyone else''' 
Americans there, then, exist independently. All status is more or less equal. A century later, Alexis de Tocqueville will write of the awareness by others--status consciousness-- in society
as a defining trait of Americans.

'''Etesian Winds''' 
strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea. During hot summer days, this is by far the most preferred weather type and is considered a blessing. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etesian Wiki]

'''the face of a Woman of the Town, multiply-patch'd''' 
In the 18th century, black silk patches were worn not only to cover blemishes like pox scars. Their placement on different regions of the face was used as a code to indicate the wearer's attitudes.

==Page 130==
'''strange mind-to-mind throb''' 
Many believe that in pre-modern communities, the community inhabitants
thought and felt much as if of one mind. See J. James book, The Origins of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. See an early Powell movie......[to be researched]

==Page 132==
'''violent explosion''' 
Internal metpahor re America? Founded with violence, as many including D.H.Lawrence famously emphasised, which can erupt again at any moment?

==Page 134==
'''Mathesis''' 
Hypothetical universal science modeled on mathematics envisaged by Leibniz and Descartes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathesis_universalis WIKI]

'''Saint Brendan''' 
Irish monastic, St Brendan is chiefly renowned for his legendary journey to The Isle of the Blessed as described in the ninth century ''Voyage of St Brendan the Navigator''. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Brendan WIKI].

'''Paradise''' 
Age of Reason disposes of the notion. Cf. search for Shambala in ATD.

==Page 135==
'''Motto of Jacob Bernouilli''' 
One of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. Following his father's wish, Jacob studied theology and entered the ministry. But contrary to the desires of his parents, he also studied mathematics and astronomy. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernouilli WIKI].

==Page 137==
'''Mason begins to edge toward the Tent opening''' 
Tent? This conversation started on p.134 with them standing 'in the scent of an orange grove... they have been searching for it all the long declining Day... in the volcanic meadow where the two stand.' If the meadow was only three pages of conversation from Maskelyne's observatory, surely they would have found the orange grove easily?

==Page 139==
'''common acquaintance but lately withdrawn''' 
The absent God, again.

==Page 141==
'''Longitude Act of 1714''' 
The Longitude Prize was a reward offered by the British government through an Act of Parliament in 1714 for a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. The prize was administered by the Board of Longitude. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_Act WIKI].

==Page 142==
'''using what influence you can with Astronomers of other Principalities, as well as among the Jesuits &c... my Zero Meridian not upon Greenwich, nor Paris, but a certain Himalayan Observatory''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions WIKI] entry for Jesuit China missions.

'''Dr. Zhang''' 
Though Zhang is common name in the East, it is likely that Pynchon had Zhang Heng in mind in regard to this character. An anachronism, Zhang was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25–220) of China. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Heng WIKI] for much more.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 13: 125-145

2013-05-10T19:43:37Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 135 */ Tent?

==Page 125==
'''against the Day swelling near''' 
just note.

'''whiten'd Rock Walls''' 
White is the color of the buildings in the Columbian Exposition in ATD. White is usually the color of the elite in ATD. Also Cf. The White Visitation in GR.

'''James's Town''' 
No curfew, everyone full of a good time, ruled by the moon. A Pynchon 'paradise". "Not Cape Town".

==Page 128==

'''Governor Hutchinson''' 
British royal governor of colonial Massachusetts from 1771 to 1774 and a prominent Loyalist in the years before the American Revolution. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Hutchinson_%28governor%29 WIKI].

==Page 129==
'''no one here knows how he appears to anyone else''' 
Americans there, then, exist independently. All status is more or less equal. A century later, Alexis de Tocqueville will write of the awareness by others--status consciousness-- in society
as a defining trait of Americans.

'''Etesian Winds''' 
strong, dry north winds of the Aegean Sea. During hot summer days, this is by far the most preferred weather type and is considered a blessing. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etesian Wiki]

'''the face of a Woman of the Town, multiply-patch'd''' 
In the 18th century, black silk patches were worn not only to cover blemishes like pox scars. Their placement on different regions of the face was used as a code to indicate the wearer's attitudes.

==Page 130==
'''strange mind-to-mind throb''' 
Many believe that in pre-modern communities, the community inhabitants
thought and felt much as if of one mind. See J. James book, The Origins of Consciousness in the Breakdown of the Bicameral Mind. See an early Powell movie......[to be researched]

==Page 132==
'''violent explosion''' 
Internal metpahor re America? Founded with violence, as many including D.H.Lawrence famously emphasised, which can erupt again at any moment?

==Page 134==
'''Mathesis''' 
Hypothetical universal science modeled on mathematics envisaged by Leibniz and Descartes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathesis_universalis WIKI]

'''Saint Brendan''' 
Irish monastic, St Brendan is chiefly renowned for his legendary journey to The Isle of the Blessed as described in the ninth century ''Voyage of St Brendan the Navigator''. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint_Brendan WIKI].

'''Paradise''' 
Age of Reason disposes of the notion. Cf. search for Shambala in ATD.

==Page 135==
'''Motto of Jacob Bernouilli''' 
One of the many prominent mathematicians in the Bernoulli family. Following his father's wish, Jacob studied theology and entered the ministry. But contrary to the desires of his parents, he also studied mathematics and astronomy. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacob_Bernouilli WIKI].

==Page 137==
'''Mason begins to edge toward the Tent opening''' 
Tent? This conversation started on p.134 with them standing 'in the scent of an orange grove... in the volcanic meadow where the two stand'!

==Page 139==
'''common acquaintance but lately withdrawn''' 
The absent God, again.

==Page 141==
'''Longitude Act of 1714''' 
The Longitude Prize was a reward offered by the British government through an Act of Parliament in 1714 for a simple and practical method for the precise determination of a ship's longitude. The prize was administered by the Board of Longitude. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longitude_Act WIKI].

==Page 142==
'''using what influence you can with Astronomers of other Principalities, as well as among the Jesuits &c... my Zero Meridian not upon Greenwich, nor Paris, but a certain Himalayan Observatory''' 
See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jesuit_China_missions WIKI] entry for Jesuit China missions.

'''Dr. Zhang''' 
Though Zhang is common name in the East, it is likely that Pynchon had Zhang Heng in mind in regard to this character. An anachronism, Zhang was an astronomer, mathematician, inventor, geographer, cartographer, artist, poet, statesman, and literary scholar from Nanyang, Henan, and lived during the Eastern Han Dynasty (CE 25–220) of China. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Heng WIKI] for much more.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Charles Mason's Journal

2013-05-09T23:27:00Z

Hotratsalex: /* Description */ added link to Dixon's map

====Description====

A PDF of the transcribed full journal can be downloaded [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/JournalofMasonandDixon.pdf here]. A remarkable document, originally running to 364 pages, it is most striking not so much for Mason's descriptive asides, the most interesting of which are reproduced or summarised in M&D, but in showing the extent of physical and computational drudgery involved in accurate geodesy in the 18th C. Page after page of calculations, often to seven places of decimals, and week after week of near-identical entries, attest to the meticulous professionalism of M&D, who had to time their observations with a watch that had no second hand.

The journal is not a facsimile and does not contain Dixon's map, which can be viewed and downloaded [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/query/h?ammem/gmd:@field%28NUMBER+@band%28g3841f+ct002075%29%29 here], but does provide an almost obsessively detailed account of the historical context, correspondance from the principals (including a wonderfully patronising letter from Nevil Maskelyne, then Astronomer Royal, on how they should make their measurements), and an analysis of the celestial mathematics involved. From the introduction:

"At times Mason and Dixon worked under unusual and adverse circumstances, for example, on Christmas Day, and in snow two feet deep, and in temperatures as low as 22 degrees below zero F. Their task was carried out in frontier country without benefit of modern methods and conveniences. But, after two hundred years, checks by the most refined methods of geodesy attest to the mathematical excellence of their accomplishment."

====1767 Oct 9====

:Continued the Line to a High ridge. At 231 miles 20 chains Crossed a War Path. At 231 miles 71 chains Dunchard Creek. This Creek takes its name from a small town settled by the Dunchards near the Mouth of this Creek on the Monaungahela; about 7 or 8 Miles North of where we crossed the said River. The Town was burnt, and most of the Inhabitants killed by the Indians in 1755. At 232 miles 43 chains crosses Dunchard's Creek a second time. At 232 miles 74 chainscrossed Ditto a third time. This day the Chief of the Indians which joined us on the 16th of July informed us that the above mentioned War Path was the extent of his commission from the Chiefs of the Six Nations that he should go with us, with the Line; and that he would not proceed one step farther Westward.'

====Braddock====

:"1766 June 22 (Sun.)

:Went to see Fort Cumberland: It is beautifully situated on a rising ground, close in the Northwest fork made by the falling in of Wills Creek into Potowmack; The Fort is in bad repair; has in it at present only 10 Six Pounders. Going to the Fort I fell into General Braddock's Road, which he cut through the Mountains to lead the Army under his command to the Westward in the year 1755, but fate; how hard: made through the desert a path, himself to pass; and never; never to return."

====Capt. Shelby====

:"1765 Oct 25

:Went to Captain Shelby's to desire him to go with us on the North Mountain for to show us the course of the River Potowmack Westward.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 26

:Packed up our Instruments and left them (not in the least damaged to our knowledge) at Captain Shelby's. Repaired with Captain Shelby to the Summit of the Mountain in the direction of our Line, but the air was so hazy prevented our seeing the course of the River.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 27

:Captain Shelby again went with us to the Summit of the Mountain (when it was very clear) and showed us the northernmost bend of the River Potowmack at the Conoloways [...]"

====Last Entry====

:1768, Sept 11:
:At llh 30m A. M. went on Board the Halifax Packet Boat for Falmouth. Thus ends my restless progress in America.

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Charles Mason's Journal

2013-05-09T23:12:14Z

Hotratsalex: Link to and description of the pdf of the journal

====Description====

A PDF of the transcribed full journal can be downloaded [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/JournalofMasonandDixon.pdf here]. A remarkable document, originally running to 364 pages, it is most striking not so much for Mason's descriptive asides, the most interesting of which are reproduced or summarised in M&D, but in showing the extent of physical and computational drudgery involved in accurate geodesy in the 18th C. Page after page of calculations, often to seven places of decimals, and week after week of near-identical entries, attest to the meticulous professionalism of M&D, who had to time their observations with a watch that had no second hand.

The journal is not a facsimile and does not contain Dixon's map, but gives an almost obsessively detailed account of the historical context, correspondance from the principals (including a wonderfully patronising letter from Nevil Maskelyne, then Astronomer Royal, on how they should make their measurements), and an analysis of the celestial mathematics involved. From the introduction:

"At times Mason and Dixon worked under unusual and adverse circumstances, for example, on Christmas Day, and in snow two feet deep, and in temperatures as low as 22 degrees below zero F. Their task was carried out in frontier country without benefit of modern methods and conveniences. But, after two hundred years, checks by the most refined methods of geodesy attest to the mathematical excellence of their accomplishment."

====1767 Oct 9====

:Continued the Line to a High ridge. At 231 miles 20 chains Crossed a War Path. At 231 miles 71 chains Dunchard Creek. This Creek takes its name from a small town settled by the Dunchards near the Mouth of this Creek on the Monaungahela; about 7 or 8 Miles North of where we crossed the said River. The Town was burnt, and most of the Inhabitants killed by the Indians in 1755. At 232 miles 43 chains crosses Dunchard's Creek a second time. At 232 miles 74 chainscrossed Ditto a third time. This day the Chief of the Indians which joined us on the 16th of July informed us that the above mentioned War Path was the extent of his commission from the Chiefs of the Six Nations that he should go with us, with the Line; and that he would not proceed one step farther Westward.'

====Braddock====

:"1766 June 22 (Sun.)

:Went to see Fort Cumberland: It is beautifully situated on a rising ground, close in the Northwest fork made by the falling in of Wills Creek into Potowmack; The Fort is in bad repair; has in it at present only 10 Six Pounders. Going to the Fort I fell into General Braddock's Road, which he cut through the Mountains to lead the Army under his command to the Westward in the year 1755, but fate; how hard: made through the desert a path, himself to pass; and never; never to return."

====Capt. Shelby====

:"1765 Oct 25

:Went to Captain Shelby's to desire him to go with us on the North Mountain for to show us the course of the River Potowmack Westward.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 26

:Packed up our Instruments and left them (not in the least damaged to our knowledge) at Captain Shelby's. Repaired with Captain Shelby to the Summit of the Mountain in the direction of our Line, but the air was so hazy prevented our seeing the course of the River.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 27

:Captain Shelby again went with us to the Summit of the Mountain (when it was very clear) and showed us the northernmost bend of the River Potowmack at the Conoloways [...]"

====Last Entry====

:1768, Sept 11:
:At llh 30m A. M. went on Board the Halifax Packet Boat for Falmouth. Thus ends my restless progress in America.

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Charles Mason's Journal

2013-05-09T22:40:19Z

Hotratsalex: /* Last Entry */

A PDF of the full journal can be downloaded [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/JournalofMasonandDixon.pdf here]. A remarkable document, running to 231 pages, it spells out the endless repetition and drudgery involved in accurate surveying in the 18th C. Page after page of calculations, often to seven places of decimals, attest to the meticulous professionalism of M&D, who had to time their observations with a watch that had no second hand.

The journal is not a facsimile and does not contain Dixon's map, but gives an almost obsessively detailed account of the historical context, correspondance between the principals, and an analysis of the mathematics involved. From the introduction:

"At times Mason and Dixon worked under unusual and adverse circumstances, for example, on Christmas Day, and in snow two feet deep, and in temperatures as low as 22 degrees below zero F. Their task was carried out in frontier country without benefit of modern methods and conveniences. But, after two hundred years, checks by the most refined methods of geodesy attest to the mathematical excellence of their accomplishment."

====1767 Oct 9====

:Continued the Line to a High ridge. At 231 miles 20 chains Crossed a War Path. At 231 miles 71 chains Dunchard Creek. This Creek takes its name from a small town settled by the Dunchards near the Mouth of this Creek on the Monaungahela; about 7 or 8 Miles North of where we crossed the said River. The Town was burnt, and most of the Inhabitants killed by the Indians in 1755. At 232 miles 43 chains crosses Dunchard's Creek a second time. At 232 miles 74 chainscrossed Ditto a third time. This day the Chief of the Indians which joined us on the 16th of July informed us that the above mentioned War Path was the extent of his commission from the Chiefs of the Six Nations that he should go with us, with the Line; and that he would not proceed one step farther Westward.'

====Braddock====

:"1766 June 22 (Sun.)

:Went to see Fort Cumberland: It is beautifully situated on a rising ground, close in the Northwest fork made by the falling in of Wills Creek into Potowmack; The Fort is in bad repair; has in it at present only 10 Six Pounders. Going to the Fort I fell into General Braddock's Road, which he cut through the Mountains to lead the Army under his command to the Westward in the year 1755, but fate; how hard: made through the desert a path, himself to pass; and never; never to return."

====Capt. Shelby====

:"1765 Oct 25

:Went to Captain Shelby's to desire him to go with us on the North Mountain for to show us the course of the River Potowmack Westward.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 26

:Packed up our Instruments and left them (not in the least damaged to our knowledge) at Captain Shelby's. Repaired with Captain Shelby to the Summit of the Mountain in the direction of our Line, but the air was so hazy prevented our seeing the course of the River.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 27

:Captain Shelby again went with us to the Summit of the Mountain (when it was very clear) and showed us the northernmost bend of the River Potowmack at the Conoloways [...]"

====Last Entry====

:1768, Sept 11:
:At llh 30m A. M. went on Board the Halifax Packet Boat for Falmouth. Thus ends my restless progress in America.

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Charles Mason's Journal

2013-05-09T22:33:30Z

Hotratsalex:

Charles Mason's Journal

2013-05-09T22:31:50Z

Hotratsalex: Link and description of the pdf of the journal

A PDF of the full journal can be downloaded [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/JournalofMasonandDixon.pdf here]. A remarkably document, running to 231 pages, it spells out the endless repetition and drudgery involved in accurate surveying in the 18th C. Page after page of calculations, often to seven places of decimals, attest to the meticulous professionalism of M&D, who had to time their observations with a watch that had no second hand.

The journal is not a facsimile and does not contain Dixon's map, but gives an almost obsessively detailed account of the historical context, correspondance between the principals, and an analysis of the mathematics involved. From the introduction:

"At times Mason and Dixon worked under unusual and adverse circumstances, for example, on Christmas Day, and in snow two feet deep, and in temperatures as low as 22 degrees below zero F. Their task was carried out in frontier country without benefit of modern methods and conveniences. But, after two hundred years, checks by the most refined methods of geodesy attest to the mathematical excellence of their accomplishment."

====1767 Oct 9====

:Continued the Line to a High ridge. At 231 miles 20 chains Crossed a War Path. At 231 miles 71 chains Dunchard Creek. This Creek takes its name from a small town settled by the Dunchards near the Mouth of this Creek on the Monaungahela; about 7 or 8 Miles North of where we crossed the said River. The Town was burnt, and most of the Inhabitants killed by the Indians in 1755. At 232 miles 43 chains crosses Dunchard's Creek a second time. At 232 miles 74 chainscrossed Ditto a third time. This day the Chief of the Indians which joined us on the 16th of July informed us that the above mentioned War Path was the extent of his commission from the Chiefs of the Six Nations that he should go with us, with the Line; and that he would not proceed one step farther Westward.'

====Braddock====

:"1766 June 22 (Sun.)

:Went to see Fort Cumberland: It is beautifully situated on a rising ground, close in the Northwest fork made by the falling in of Wills Creek into Potowmack; The Fort is in bad repair; has in it at present only 10 Six Pounders. Going to the Fort I fell into General Braddock's Road, which he cut through the Mountains to lead the Army under his command to the Westward in the year 1755, but fate; how hard: made through the desert a path, himself to pass; and never; never to return."

====Capt. Shelby====

:"1765 Oct 25

:Went to Captain Shelby's to desire him to go with us on the North Mountain for to show us the course of the River Potowmack Westward.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 26

:Packed up our Instruments and left them (not in the least damaged to our knowledge) at Captain Shelby's. Repaired with Captain Shelby to the Summit of the Mountain in the direction of our Line, but the air was so hazy prevented our seeing the course of the River.

:[...]

:1765 Oct 27

:Captain Shelby again went with us to the Summit of the Mountain (when it was very clear) and showed us the northernmost bend of the River Potowmack at the Conoloways [...]"

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 39: 391-398

2013-05-09T21:54:53Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 397 */

==Page 391==
'''Squire Haligast predicts an end...''' 
Which indeed does seem to be what happens; see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_38:_382-390#Page_389 389], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366].

'''mephitic''' 
of, relating to, or resembling mephitis : foul-smelling <mephitic vapors>

==Page 392==
'''Henry the Eighth''' 
Henry VIII (28 June 1491 – 28 January 1547) was King of England from 21 April 1509 until his death. He was also Lord of Ireland (later King of Ireland) and claimant to the Kingdom of France. Henry was the second monarch of the House of Tudor, succeeding his father, Henry VII. Henry VIII was a significant figure in the history of the English monarchy. Although in the great part of his reign he brutally suppressed the influence of the Protestant Reformation in England, a movement having some roots with John Wycliffe in the 14th century, he is more popularly known for his role in the separation of the Church of England from the Roman Catholic Church. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry_the_eighth WIKI]

==Page 393==
'''Annapolis''' 
Annapolis is the capital of the U.S. state of Maryland, as well as the county seat of Anne Arundel County. It is situated on the Chesapeake Bay at the mouth of the Severn River, 26 miles (42 km) south of Baltimore and about 29 miles (47 km) east of Washington D.C. Annapolis is part of the Baltimore-Washington Metropolitan Area. The city was the temporary capital of the United States in 1783–1784. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annapolis WIKI]

'''York''' 
York, Pennsylvania is one of many cities that lay claim to the title of First Capital of the United States, although historians generally consider it to be the fourth capital, after Philadelphia, Baltimore and Lancaster. The claim arises from the assertion that the Articles of Confederation was the first legal document to refer to the colonies as "the United States of America". The argument depends on whether the Declaration of Independence, which also uses the term, would be considered a true legal document of the United States, being drafted under and in opposition to British rule. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York_pa WIKI]

'''Baltimore''' 
The Maryland colonial General Assembly created the Port of Baltimore at Locust Point in 1706 for the tobacco trade. The Town of Baltimore was founded on July 30, 1729, and is named after Lord Baltimore (Cecilius Calvert), who was the first Proprietary Governor of the Province of Maryland. Cecilius Calvert was a son of George Calvert, who became the First Lord Baltimore of County Cork, Ireland in 1625. Baltimore grew swiftly in the 18th century as a granary for sugar-producing colonies in the Caribbean. The profit from sugar encouraged the cultivation of cane and the importation of food. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltimore WIKI]

'''Calvert Connections''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301]

'''Hogsheads of Tobacco''' 
A tobacco hogshead was used in American colonial times to transport and store tobacco. It was a very large wooden barrel. A standardized hogshead measured 48 inches (1220 mm) long and 30 inches (760 mm) in diameter at the head (at least 550 L, depending on the width in the middle). Fully packed with tobacco, it weighed about 1000 pounds (450 kg). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hogshead WIKI]

==Page 394==
'''my own ''Surveillor'' might be secreted anywhere''' 
Armand is crossing into some Kafkaesque territory here...

'''Williamsburg''' 
Colonial Williamsburg is the historic district of the independent city of Williamsburg, Virginia. It consists of many of the buildings that, from 1699 to 1780, formed colonial Virginia's capital. The capital straddled the boundary of two of the original shires of Virginia, James City Shire (now James City County), and Charles River Shire (now York County). For most of the 18th century, Williamsburg was the center of government, education and culture in the Colony of Virginia. It was here that Thomas Jefferson, Patrick Henry, James Monroe, James Madison, George Wythe, Peyton Randolph, and dozens more helped mold democracy in the Commonwealth of Virginia and the United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonial_Williamsburg WIKI]

Williamsburg is now also the place where you will hear this phrase more times than you can count: "This isnt the original... but this is the way that it would have looked."

'''Glasgow''' 
Glasgow is the largest city in Scotland and third most populous in the United Kingdom. The city is situated on the River Clyde in the country's west central lowlands. A person from Glasgow is known as a Glaswegian, which is also the name of the local dialect. Glasgow grew from the medieval Bishopric of Glasgow and the later establishment of the University of Glasgow, which contributed to the Scottish Enlightenment. From the 18th century the city became one of Europe's main hubs of transatlantic trade with the Americas. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glasgow WIKI]

==Page 395==
'''The Stamp Act''' 
The Stamp Act of 1765 (short title Duties in American Colonies Act 1765; 5 George III, c. 12) was a tax imposed by the British Parliament on the colonies of British America. The act required that many printed materials in the colonies carry a tax stamp. These printed materials were legal documents, magazines, newspapers and practically all forms of paper used throughout the colonies. Like previous taxes, the Stamp tax had to be paid in valid British currency, not in colonial paper money. The purpose of the tax was to help pay for troops stationed in North America following the British victory in the Seven Years' War. The British government felt that the colonies were the primary beneficiaries of this military presence, and should pay at least a portion of the expense. The Stamp Act met with great resistance in the colonies. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_Act_1765 WIKI]

'''western Black-Boy''' 
See [[b#blackboys|Alphabetical Entry]]

'''May Session of the Burgesses''' 
The Virginia House of Burgesses was the elected lower house in the legislative assembly in the New World established in the Colony of Virginia in 1619. Over time, the name came to represent the entire official legislative body of the Colony of Virginia, and later, after the American Revolution, the General Assembly of the Commonwealth of Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/House_of_Burgesses WIKI]

'''Mr. Patrick Henry''' 
Patrick Henry (May 29, 1736 – June 6, 1799)[1] served as the first post-colonial Governor of Virginia from 1776 to 1779. A prominent figure in the American Revolution, Henry is known and remembered for his "Give me Liberty, or give me Death!" speech, and as one of the Founding Fathers of the United States. Along with Samuel Adams and Thomas Paine, he is remembered as one of the most influential (and radical) advocates of the American Revolution and republicanism, especially in his denunciations of corruption in government officials and his defense of historic rights. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_henry WIKI]

<div id="VirginiaResolutions"></div>'''Virginia Resolutions''' 
See [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=V#VirginiaResolves Alphabetical Entry]

'''Raleigh's Tavern''' 
Raleigh Tavern in Williamsburg, Virginia, gained some fame in the pre-Revolutionary War Colony of Virginia as a gathering place for the Burgesses after several Royal Governors officially dissolved the House of Burgesses, the elected legislative body, when their actions did not suit the Crown. Such dissension became more common between the end of the French and Indian War in 1763 and the outbreak of the American Revolution in 1776. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raleigh_Tavern WIKI]

'''"Vine"''' 
Vine charcoal is created by burning sticks of wood (usually willow or linden/Tilia) into soft, medium, and hard consistencies. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charcoal WIKI]

'''Colonel Byrd''' 
William Byrd II (28 March 1674 – 26 August 1744) was a planter and author from Charles City County, Virginia. He is considered the founder of Richmond, Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Byrd_II WIKI]
[http://books.google.com/books?vid=OCLC00477341&id=g7u8YIKtb_wC&dq=inauthor:byrd&num=100&q=inauthor:byrd&pgis=1 GoogleBooks] [http://www.google.com/search?hl=en&lr=&q=william.byrd+1674+1744 Google]

'''tall red-headed youth... "Tom"''' 
This is Thomas Jefferson. Dixon toasts "to the pursuit of Happiness" and a young man named Tom asks if can use that phrase some time, which Thomas Jefferson did in the Declaration of Independence. The passage continues to confirm that this is Jefferson by discussing his interest in surveying, which was a very real interest of Jefferson's.

As a political philosopher, Jefferson was a man of the Enlightenment and knew many intellectual leaders in Britain and France. He idealized the independent yeoman farmer as exemplar of republican virtues, distrusted cities and financiers, and favored states' rights and a strictly limited federal government. Jefferson supported the separation of church and state and was the author of the Virginia Statute for Religious Freedom (1779, 1786). He was the eponym of Jeffersonian democracy and the co-founder and leader of the Democratic-Republican Party, which dominated American politics for 25 years. Jefferson served as the wartime Governor of Virginia (1779–1781), first United States Secretary of State (1789–1793), and second Vice President (1797–1801). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_jefferson WIKI]

'''Professor Fry''' 
Colonel Joshua Fry (1699-1754) was a surveyor, adventurer, mapmaker, member of the House of Burgesses, and soldier. Born in Crewkerne, Somersetshire, England, he moved to Essex County, Virginia as a young man to marry the wealthy widow Mary Micou Hill, who bore him five children who grew to adulthood, viz., John, Henry, Martha, William, and Margaret. In 1743-1744 Fry and his family moved to the not-yet-established Albemarle County, Virginia to claim unclaimed plots of land and take advantage of surveying opportunities. There he built a house called Viewmont that sat on a 800-acre (3.2 km2) plantation bordering the Hardware River. Fry, along with fellow member of the Loyal Land Company, Peter Jefferson, created the famous Maryland-Virginia Fry-Jefferson Map in 1752. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joshua_Fry WIKI]

==Page 396==
'''Carolinians''' 
The Province of Carolina from 1663 to 1712, was a colony of British America, controlled by the Lords Proprietary, a group of eight English noblemen led informally by member Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 1st Earl of Shaftesbury. Dissent over governance of the province led to the appointment of a deputy governor to administer the northern half of the colony in 1691. The division between North and South became complete in 1712, but both colonies remained in the hands of the same group of proprietors. A rebellion against the proprietors broke out in 1719 which led to the appointment of a royal governor for South Carolina in 1720. After nearly a decade in which the British government sought to locate and buy out the proprietors, both North and South Carolina became royal colonies in 1729. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Province_of_Carolina WIKI]

'''Norfolk''' 
Norfolk grew in the late 1600s as a "Half Moone" fort was constructed and 50 acres were acquired in exchange for 10,000 pounds of tobacco. The House of Burgesses established "Towne of Lower Norfolk County" in 1680. In 1691, a final county subdivision took place when Lower Norfolk County split to form Norfolk County (present day Norfolk, Chesapeake, and parts of Portsmouth) and Princess Anne County (present day Virginia Beach). Norfolk was incorporated in 1705 and in 1736, George II granted Norfolk a royal charter as a borough. By 1775, Norfolk developed into what contemporary observers argued was the most prosperous city in Virginia. It was an important port for exporting goods to the British Isles and beyond. In part because of its merchants' numerous trading ties with other parts of the British Empire, Norfolk served as a strong base of Loyalist support during the early part of the American Revolution. After fleeing the colonial capitol of Williamsburg, Lord Dunmore, the Royal Governor of Virginia, tried to reestablish control of the colony from Norfolk. Dunmore secured small victories at Norfolk but was forced into exile by the American rebels, commanded by Colonel Woodford. His departure brought an end to more than 168 years of British colonial rule in Virginia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norfolk_VA WIKI]

'''Paronomasia''' 
Fancy word for pun

==Page 397==
'''"Leg before Wicket"''' 
In the sport of cricket, leg before wicket (LBW) is one of the ways in which a batsman can be dismissed. An umpire will rule a batsman out LBW under a complex series of circumstances that primarily include the ball striking the batsman's body (usually the leg) when it would otherwise have continued on to hit the wicket. The LBW rule is designed to prevent a batsman simply using his body to prevent the ball from hitting the wicket (and so avoid being bowled out) rather than using his bat to do so. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leg_before_wicket WIKI]

It's usage in M&D, however, is anachronistic. The LBW rule was not introduced until 1788, 21 years after the line had been run: "On 30 May 1788, the Marylebone Cricket Club, which had been formed by the leading noblemen and gentlemen playing the game just one year before, produced its first Code of Laws... Previously, as cricket uses a hard ball and leg-pads were not used, players would naturally play with their legs away from the wicket. As batsmen started to wear pads, they became willing to cover their stumps with their legs to prevent the ball hitting the stumps and bowling them out. Therefore a "leg before wicket" rule was introduced so that a batsman preventing the ball hitting his stumps with his legs would be out." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laws_of_Cricket#Ways_to_get_out WIKI]

'''"Urania"''' 
In Greek mythology, Urania was the muse of astronomy and astrology. Some accounts list her as the mother of the musician Linus. She is usually depicted as having a globe in her left hand. She is able to foretell the future by the arrangement of the stars. She is often associated with Universal Love and the Holy Spirit. She is dressed in a cloak embroidered with stars and keeps her eyes and attention focused on the Heavens. Those who are most concerned with philosophy and the heavens are dearest to her. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urania WIKI]

'''Quoiting''' [[File:Quoits.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Newcastle Pit Men playing at Quoits]]
A game similar to horseshoes played with quoits (from the middle english ''coyte'', flat stone) particular to the Northeast. (source: thefreedictionary.com) Quoits (koits, kwoits) is a traditional game which involves the throwing of metal, rope or rubber rings over a set distance, usually to land over or near a spike (sometimes called a hob, mott or pin). The sport of Quoits encompasses several distinct variations. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quoits WIKI]

Is there a significance to the choice of quoiting over a pistol dual between Dixon and Fabian, which is independent of Dixon's religious pacifism?

Superficially, the game resembles the West Line: an invisible line defined by staked points along which objects (stones) fly. One could note the same, of course, about a duel -- so perhaps there is some other significance in the choice of quoit?

Ah, perhaps one point is that quoiting might be more 'civilized' a resolution since no one can be killed? [[User:MKOHUT|MKOHUT]] 11:55, 16 September 2007 (PDT)

'''...the Metal hurtling thro' the Air, even, if you listen closely enough, a certain Hum--''' 
In parallel with the above discussion of the game resembling the West Line: The quoits themselves (like bullets from a dueling pistol or launched rockets) travel an arc through the air,the path of which creates a gravitational rainbow. This would appear to be another allusion to the rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow'', especially considering the distinct noise that preempts the arrival of some of the rockets in GR. See also [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_378 378]

'''the ''Rencontre''''' 
The Match

'''Joppa''' 
Joppa, Maryland in Harford County, Maryland is now a planning region for the county, but there was originally a town at the center called Joppa. Joppa was founded as a British colonial settlement in the early 1700s, and takes its name from the biblical town of Joppa (Jaffa, Israel). The town of Joppa, on the Gunpowder River traded internationally in agricultural products, especially tobacco. At its peak, the port was home to about 50 homes, a church, prison, inns, shops, schools, armament factories, and warehouses. However, with the rise of Baltimore and Annapolis, Joppa declined as a port, and was slowly abandoned. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joppa,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Head of Elk''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_337 337] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_38:_382-390#Page_390 390].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 38: 382-390

2013-05-09T21:48:26Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 387 */

==Page 382==
'''Musketoon''' 
The musketoon is a shorter barrelled version of the musket, and served in the roles of a shotgun or carbine. Musketoons could be of the same caliber as the issue musket, or of a much larger caliber, 1.0-2.5 inches (25-63 mm). The musketoon is most commonly associated with naval use, and pirates in particular, though they also served in a carbine role with cavalry. Musketoon barrels were often flared at the muzzle, resembling a cannon or blunderbuss. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musketoon WIKI]

==Page 383==
'''Beaver Bourguigon''' 
Would be a stew using Beaver meat and red wine (classically Burgundy), along with classic French aromatic veggies like onion, carrots, celery, as well as bacon/ham, spices, etc. Beaver meat is edible and nutritious, but hard to prepare - greasy, gamey and tough.

'''"that is...eaten..."''' 
'Beaver' is slang for a vagina, so Armand is hesitant to apparently ask if Luise has performed cunnilingus.

==Page 384==
'''Niveal''' 
Beneath snow

'''the Eucharistic Sacrament and the practice of Cannabalism''' 
In the early days of Christianity, to outsiders, it was just another "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_religions mystery religion]" - in fact, because of their ritual with the Sacrament (and the belief involved), through rumors, it spread that they were indeed practicing cannabalism, even eating babies.

'''Brook Taylor... "On the Lawfulness of Eating Blood"''' 
Brook Taylor FRS (18 August 1685 – 30 November 1731) was an English mathematician who is best known for Taylor's theorem and the Taylor series... Taylor was elected a fellow of the Royal Society early in 1712, and in the same year sat on the committee for adjudicating the claims of Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz, and acted as secretary to the society from 13 January 1714 to 21 October 1718. From 1715 his studies took a philosophical and religious bent. He corresponded, in that year, with the Comte de Montmort on the subject of Nicolas Malebranche's tenets; and unfinished treatises, ''On the Jewish Sacrifices and On the Lawfulness of Eating Blood'', written on his return from Aix-la-Chapelle in 1719, were afterwards found among his papers. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_taylor WIKI]

==Page 385==
'''''Haute Cuisine''''' 
Haute cuisine (French: literally "high cooking") was characterised by French cuisine in elaborate preparations and presentations served in small and numerous courses that were produced by large and hierarchical staffs at the grand restaurants and hotels of Europe. The 17th century chef and writer La Varenne marked a change from cookery known in the Middle Ages, to somewhat lighter dishes, and more modest presentations. In the following century, Antonin Carême born in 1784, also published works on cooking, and although many of his preparations today seem extravagant, he simplified and codified an earlier and even more complex cuisine. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_cuisine WIKI]

'''arts of the Poisoner''' 
The Poison Affair (affaire des poisons or Affair of the Poisons) was a murder scandal in France during the reign of King Louis XIV. It launched a period of hysterical pursuit of murder suspects, during which a number of prominent people and members of the aristocracy were implicated and sentenced for poisoning and witchcraft. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_affair WIKI]

'''animadversions''' 
Heavy reflections; criticisms

'''Haimo of Halberstadt''' 
Haymo or Haimo (died 853) was a German Benedictine monk who served as bishop of Halberstadt, and was a noted author... An extant passage from his writings, relating to the Holy Eucharist, shows no substantial difference between his belief with regard to the Real Presence, and that of the other Catholic theologians. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymo_of_Halberstadt WIKI]

==Page 387==
'''genuine Damascus Steel''' 
Damascus steel is a steel used in Middle Eastern swordmaking from about 1100 to 1700 AD. Damascus swords were of legendary sharpness and strength, and were apocryphally claimed to be able to cut through more "ordinary" European swords and even rock. The exact technique used to create original Damascus steel is up for debate. The general term "Damascus" refers to metal with a visible grain pattern, sometimes with a texture. Modern Damascus is a lamination of folded steels selected with cosmetic qualities, with grinding and polishing specifically to expose the layers. True Damascus patterns are formed when carbon trace elements form visible swirls in the steel mix. These elements change properties when the steel is work hardened (forged), creating the patterns. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_steel WIKI]

'''Frowline''' 
An English rendering of "fraulein", German for 'girl'.

==Page 389==
'''two Daws upon a Roof-top''' 
A daw is a bird that is in the same family as the crow; they like to nest in towers and ruins and such; also known as a jackdaw

'''Dutch Kisses''' 
Cookies; see recipe [http://www.bigoven.com/143592-Dutch-Kisses-recipe.html HERE].

'''the great Figg''' 
James Figg (February 1684 – 7 December 1734) was a British bare-knuckle boxer. He is universally recognized the first English bare-knuckle boxing champion, reigning from 1719 to 1730 or 1734. Figg was also a great fencer. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Figg WIKI]

'''Professor Tisonnier''' 
Professor Poker

'''old Spadroon''' 
The Spadroon is a light sword with a straight blade of the cut and thrust type. The style became popular among military and naval officers in the 1790s, spreading from England to the United States and to France, where it was known as the épée Anglaise. Hilts were often of the beaded or "five-ball" type with a stirrup guard. A spadroon blade usually had a broad, central fuller and a single edge, often with a false edge near the tip. Spadroons can also be double-edged as well. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadroon WIKI]

'''Moiré effect''' 
In physics, a moiré pattern is an interference pattern created, for example, when two grids are overlaid at an angle, or when they have slightly different mesh sizes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moire_effect WIKI]

'''momentarily visible''' 
OK, so what's up with Haligast (and his following quote here)? Is he a gnome, elemental, a spirit? His name, ''haligast'', is where we get "Holy Ghost". So I'm thinking he is some sort of spirit? See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373] as well.

==Page 390==
'''Leyden Pile''' 
I believe this is a reference to the Voltaic Pile (which hadnt happened yet, though the Leyden jar had): A voltaic pile is a set of individual Galvanic cells placed in series. The voltaic pile, invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800, was the first electric battery. Building on Galvani's 1780s discovery of how a circuit of two metals and a frog's leg can cause the frog's leg to respond, Volta demonstrated in 1791 that when two metals and brine-soaked cloth or cardboard are arranged in a circuit they produce an electric current. In 1800 Volta literally piled up several pairs of alternating copper (or silver) and zinc discs (electrodes) separated by cloth or cardboard soaked in brine (electrolyte) to increase the electrolyte conductivity. When the top and bottom contacts were connected by a wire, an electric current flowed through the voltaic pile and the connecting wire. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_Pile WIKI]

'''Elkton''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_337 337].

[[Image:MDMap-doton-Elkton.png|Elkton, MD|none]]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 38: 382-390

2013-05-09T21:45:51Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 387 */

==Page 382==
'''Musketoon''' 
The musketoon is a shorter barrelled version of the musket, and served in the roles of a shotgun or carbine. Musketoons could be of the same caliber as the issue musket, or of a much larger caliber, 1.0-2.5 inches (25-63 mm). The musketoon is most commonly associated with naval use, and pirates in particular, though they also served in a carbine role with cavalry. Musketoon barrels were often flared at the muzzle, resembling a cannon or blunderbuss. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Musketoon WIKI]

==Page 383==
'''Beaver Bourguigon''' 
Would be a stew using Beaver meat and red wine (classically Burgundy), along with classic French aromatic veggies like onion, carrots, celery, as well as bacon/ham, spices, etc. Beaver meat is edible and nutritious, but hard to prepare - greasy, gamey and tough.

'''"that is...eaten..."''' 
'Beaver' is slang for a vagina, so Armand is hesitant to apparently ask if Luise has performed cunnilingus.

==Page 384==
'''Niveal''' 
Beneath snow

'''the Eucharistic Sacrament and the practice of Cannabalism''' 
In the early days of Christianity, to outsiders, it was just another "[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mystery_religions mystery religion]" - in fact, because of their ritual with the Sacrament (and the belief involved), through rumors, it spread that they were indeed practicing cannabalism, even eating babies.

'''Brook Taylor... "On the Lawfulness of Eating Blood"''' 
Brook Taylor FRS (18 August 1685 – 30 November 1731) was an English mathematician who is best known for Taylor's theorem and the Taylor series... Taylor was elected a fellow of the Royal Society early in 1712, and in the same year sat on the committee for adjudicating the claims of Sir Isaac Newton and Gottfried Leibniz, and acted as secretary to the society from 13 January 1714 to 21 October 1718. From 1715 his studies took a philosophical and religious bent. He corresponded, in that year, with the Comte de Montmort on the subject of Nicolas Malebranche's tenets; and unfinished treatises, ''On the Jewish Sacrifices and On the Lawfulness of Eating Blood'', written on his return from Aix-la-Chapelle in 1719, were afterwards found among his papers. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brook_taylor WIKI]

==Page 385==
'''''Haute Cuisine''''' 
Haute cuisine (French: literally "high cooking") was characterised by French cuisine in elaborate preparations and presentations served in small and numerous courses that were produced by large and hierarchical staffs at the grand restaurants and hotels of Europe. The 17th century chef and writer La Varenne marked a change from cookery known in the Middle Ages, to somewhat lighter dishes, and more modest presentations. In the following century, Antonin Carême born in 1784, also published works on cooking, and although many of his preparations today seem extravagant, he simplified and codified an earlier and even more complex cuisine. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haute_cuisine WIKI]

'''arts of the Poisoner''' 
The Poison Affair (affaire des poisons or Affair of the Poisons) was a murder scandal in France during the reign of King Louis XIV. It launched a period of hysterical pursuit of murder suspects, during which a number of prominent people and members of the aristocracy were implicated and sentenced for poisoning and witchcraft. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Poison_affair WIKI]

'''animadversions''' 
Heavy reflections; criticisms

'''Haimo of Halberstadt''' 
Haymo or Haimo (died 853) was a German Benedictine monk who served as bishop of Halberstadt, and was a noted author... An extant passage from his writings, relating to the Holy Eucharist, shows no substantial difference between his belief with regard to the Real Presence, and that of the other Catholic theologians. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haymo_of_Halberstadt WIKI]

==Page 387==
'''genuine Damascus Steel''' 
Damascus steel is a steel used in Middle Eastern swordmaking from about 1100 to 1700 AD. Damascus swords were of legendary sharpness and strength, and were apocryphally claimed to be able to cut through more "ordinary" European swords and even rock. The exact technique used to create original Damascus steel is up for debate. The general term "Damascus" refers to metal with a visible grain pattern, sometimes with a texture. Modern Damascus is a lamination of folded steels selected with cosmetic qualities, with grinding and polishing specifically to expose the layers. True Damascus patterns are formed when carbon trace elements form visible swirls in the steel mix. These elements change properties when the steel is work hardened (forged), creating the patterns. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus_steel WIKI]

'''Frowline''' 
An English rendering of "fraulein", German for 'girl'.

'''The Goose''' 
Has all this Duck business, the snow, the stable-boys, Armand and her mother, etc. finally transformed Mitzi into a Goose? Seems so.

==Page 389==
'''two Daws upon a Roof-top''' 
A daw is a bird that is in the same family as the crow; they like to nest in towers and ruins and such; also known as a jackdaw

'''Dutch Kisses''' 
Cookies; see recipe [http://www.bigoven.com/143592-Dutch-Kisses-recipe.html HERE].

'''the great Figg''' 
James Figg (February 1684 – 7 December 1734) was a British bare-knuckle boxer. He is universally recognized the first English bare-knuckle boxing champion, reigning from 1719 to 1730 or 1734. Figg was also a great fencer. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Figg WIKI]

'''Professor Tisonnier''' 
Professor Poker

'''old Spadroon''' 
The Spadroon is a light sword with a straight blade of the cut and thrust type. The style became popular among military and naval officers in the 1790s, spreading from England to the United States and to France, where it was known as the épée Anglaise. Hilts were often of the beaded or "five-ball" type with a stirrup guard. A spadroon blade usually had a broad, central fuller and a single edge, often with a false edge near the tip. Spadroons can also be double-edged as well. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spadroon WIKI]

'''Moiré effect''' 
In physics, a moiré pattern is an interference pattern created, for example, when two grids are overlaid at an angle, or when they have slightly different mesh sizes. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moire_effect WIKI]

'''momentarily visible''' 
OK, so what's up with Haligast (and his following quote here)? Is he a gnome, elemental, a spirit? His name, ''haligast'', is where we get "Holy Ghost". So I'm thinking he is some sort of spirit? See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373] as well.

==Page 390==
'''Leyden Pile''' 
I believe this is a reference to the Voltaic Pile (which hadnt happened yet, though the Leyden jar had): A voltaic pile is a set of individual Galvanic cells placed in series. The voltaic pile, invented by Alessandro Volta in 1800, was the first electric battery. Building on Galvani's 1780s discovery of how a circuit of two metals and a frog's leg can cause the frog's leg to respond, Volta demonstrated in 1791 that when two metals and brine-soaked cloth or cardboard are arranged in a circuit they produce an electric current. In 1800 Volta literally piled up several pairs of alternating copper (or silver) and zinc discs (electrodes) separated by cloth or cardboard soaked in brine (electrolyte) to increase the electrolyte conductivity. When the top and bottom contacts were connected by a wire, an electric current flowed through the voltaic pile and the connecting wire. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voltaic_Pile WIKI]

'''Elkton''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_337 337].

[[Image:MDMap-doton-Elkton.png|Elkton, MD|none]]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2013-05-09T21:41:21Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 376 */ Attend correctly translated

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
The diminutive Armand.

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
Fantasia of Ducklings

'''''"Oh, those old Canards"''''' 
A French pun - "canard" also means 'fabricated, sensational story or rumour; a newspaper hoax' in English. So, "Oh, those old rumours".

There is a French satirical publication, "Le Canard enchaîné" which means "The chained-up duck", but as "canard" is also French slang for "newspaper", the title also means 'the chained-up newspaper', and even conveys a third meaning, "canard" being a salicious rumour or whisper (from the folk saying "vendre un canard à moitié", to sell half a duck, or swindle) and "enchaîné" which also means 'linked', hence "the inside whisper" (from Wiki).

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying S's ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid"). 'Linguo-beccal' or tongue-beak, riffs on technical terms from elocution such as 'linguodental - relating to the tongue and teeth, such as the speech sound 'th' which is produced with the aid of the tongue and teeth.' In this parlance, a fricative is a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow space.

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
Similar to Emerson's perpetual watch, which would fly apart in pieces if someone tried to take it apart.

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Listen, Flatterer

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Braised Pond Bugs

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
'A bit too much' 
In French, "de trop" means too much or too many, and a "soupçon" is literally 'a suspicion' but idiomatically meaning 'a touch' or 'a little bit'. So a "soupçon de trop" is just 'a bit too much', a typical chef's verdict on overuse of an ingredient.

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the V1 rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2013-05-09T21:40:33Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 376 */

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
The diminutive Armand.

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
Fantasia of Ducklings

'''''"Oh, those old Canards"''''' 
A French pun - "canard" also means 'fabricated, sensational story or rumour; a newspaper hoax' in English. So, "Oh, those old rumours".

There is a French satirical publication, "Le Canard enchaîné" which means "The chained-up duck", but as "canard" is also French slang for "newspaper", the title also means 'the chained-up newspaper', and even conveys a third meaning, "canard" being a salicious rumour or whisper (from the folk saying "vendre un canard à moitié", to sell half a duck, or swindle) and "enchaîné" which also means 'linked', hence "the inside whisper" (from Wiki).

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying S's ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid"). 'Linguo-beccal' or tongue-beak, riffs on technical terms from elocution such as 'linguodental - relating to the tongue and teeth, such as the speech sound 'th' which is produced with the aid of the tongue and teeth.' In this parlance, a fricative is a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow space.

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
Similar to Emerson's perpetual watch, which would fly apart in pieces if someone tried to take it apart.

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Wait, Flatterer

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Braised Pond Bugs

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
'A bit too much' 
In French, "de trop" means too much or too many, and a "soupçon" is literally 'a suspicion' but idiomatically meaning 'a touch' or 'a little bit'. So a "soupçon de trop" is just 'a bit too much', a typical chef's verdict on overuse of an ingredient.

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the V1 rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2013-05-09T21:39:59Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 374 */

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
The diminutive Armand.

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
Fantasia of Ducklings

'''''"Oh, those old Canards"''''' 
A French pun - "canard" also means 'fabricated, sensational story or rumour; a newspaper hoax' in English. So, "Oh, those old rumours".

There is a French satirical publication, "Le Canard enchaîné" which means "The chained-up duck", but as "canard" is also French slang for "newspaper", the title also means 'the chained-up newspaper', and even conveys a third meaning, "canard" being a salicious rumour or whisper (from the folk saying "vendre un canard à moitié", to sell half a duck, or swindle) and "enchaîné" which also means 'linked', hence "the inside whisper" (from Wiki).

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying S's ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid"). 'Linguo-beccal' or tongue-beak, riffs on technical terms from elocution such as 'linguodental - relating to the tongue and teeth, such as the speech sound 'th' which is produced with the aid of the tongue and teeth.' In this parlance, a fricative is a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow space.

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
Similar to Emerson's perpetual watch, which would fly apart in pieces if someone tried to take it apart.

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Wait, Flattering

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Braised Pond Bugs

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
'A bit too much' 
In French, "de trop" means too much or too many, and a "soupçon" is literally 'a suspicion' but idiomatically meaning 'a touch' or 'a little bit'. So a "soupçon de trop" is just 'a bit too much', a typical chef's verdict on overuse of an ingredient.

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the V1 rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2013-05-09T21:38:43Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 374 */

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
The diminutive Armand.

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
Fantasia of Ducklings

'''''"Oh, those old Canards"''''' 
A French pun - "canard" also means 'fabricated, sensational story or rumour; a newspaper hoax' in English. So, "Oh, those old rumours".

There is a French satirical publication, "Le Canard enchaîné" which means "The chained-up duck", but as "canard" is also French slang for "newspaper", the title also means 'the chained-up newspaper', and even conveys a third meaning, "canard" being a salicious rumour or whisper (from the folk saying "vendre un canard à moitié", to sell half a duck, or swindle) and "enchaîné" which also means linked, hence "the inside whisper" (from Wiki).

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying S's ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid"). 'Linguo-beccal' or tongue-beak, riffs on technical terms from elocution such as 'linguodental - relating to the tongue and teeth, such as the speech sound 'th' which is produced with the aid of the tongue and teeth.' In this parlance, a fricative is a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow space.

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
Similar to Emerson's perpetual watch, which would fly apart in pieces if someone tried to take it apart.

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Wait, Flattering

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Braised Pond Bugs

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
'A bit too much' 
In French, "de trop" means too much or too many, and a "soupçon" is literally 'a suspicion' but idiomatically meaning 'a touch' or 'a little bit'. So a "soupçon de trop" is just 'a bit too much', a typical chef's verdict on overuse of an ingredient.

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the V1 rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 37: 371-381

2013-05-09T21:37:57Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 372 */ removed dead link

==Page 371==
'''Amphibia''' 
"plural of amphibian" – [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/amphibia Wiktionary]

'''''Blanquette de Veau''''' 
Blanquette de veau is a French veal dish. The term 'blanquette' comes from the French word for "white" (blanc), being a ragout (stew) with a white sauce... In a typical recipe, pieces of veal meat (shoulder, breast) and aromatic vegetables (onion, celery, carrot etc) are simmered at length in water or stock. The vegetables may then be discarded and the cooking liquid is thickened and enriched with flour, butter, cream and egg yolks. Mushrooms, rice, pasta and potatoes are common accompaniments to this dish, which is served hot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blanquette_de_veau WIKI]

==Page 372==
'''''un Accés de Cuisinier''''' 
"an attack from the chef" -– [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/f.html#French HyperArts entry: French]

or morely "the Approach of the Chef"? In other words, someone that shouldnt be in the kitchen, one would "deploy" this to get them out quickly (ie. stopped in their tracks)? Or on the otherhand, they may be sneaky with whomever it is to avoid the Chef, to keep them there.

'''Jacques de Vaucanson''' 
Jacques de Vaucanson (February 24, 1709 – November 21, 1782) was a French inventor and artist with a mechanical background who is credited with creating the world's first true robots, as well as for creating the first completely automated loom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacques_de_Vaucanson WIKI]

"He actually did make a mechanical Duck that could eat and excrete. Perhaps his most significant automata were his automatic looms, because years later, Jacquard would invent the punched card so as to program Vaucanson's looms" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Vaucanson, Jacques de (1709-82)]

See also, [http://www.stanford.edu/group/SHR/4-2/text/mazlish.html Bruce Mazlish’s ''the man-machine and artificial intelligence''] and [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/pynchon_essays_luddite.html Pynchon’s ''Is it O.K. to be a Luddite?''].

'''the mechanickal Duck''' [[Image:MechanicalDuck.jpg|thumb|Mistaken representation of how the Digesting Duck worked|right]]The Canard Digérateur, or Digesting Duck, was an automaton in the form of a duck, created by Jacques de Vaucanson in 1739. The mechanical duck appeared to have the ability to eat kernels of grain, and to metabolize and defecate them. While the duck did not actually have the ability to do this - the food was collected in one inner container, and the pre-stored feces was 'produced' from a second, so that no actual digestion took place - Vaucanson hoped that a truly digesting automaton could one day be designed. Voltaire wrote that "without [...] the duck of Vaucanson, you have nothing to remind you of the glory of France." ("Sans...le canard de Vaucanson vous n'auriez rien qui fit ressouvenir de la gloire de la France.") From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digesting_Duck WIKI]

"an actual historickal figure; ‘account of the mechanism of an automaton, or image playing on the German-flute: as it was presented in a memoire, to the gentlemen of the Royal academy of sciences at Paris, by Vaucanson, inventor and maker of the said machine. Together with a description of an artificial duck, eating, drinking, macerating the food, and voiding excrements, pluming her wings, picking her feathers, and performing several operations in imitation of a living duck’ (Translated out of the French original, by J.T. Desaguliers. London, Printed by T. Parker, and sold by S. Varillon, 1742)" -- [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/v.html HyperArts entry: Duck, Vaucanson's mechanickal]

'''Prometheus''' 
In Greek mythology, Prometheus (Ancient Greek: Προμηθεύς, "forethought") is a Titan, the son of Iapetus and Themis, and brother to Atlas, Epimetheus and Menoetius. He was a champion of human-kind known for his wily intelligence, who stole fire from Zeus and gave it to mortals. Zeus then punished him for his crime by having him bound to a rock while a great eagle ate his liver every day only to have it grow back to be eaten again the next day. His myth has been treated by a number of ancient sources, in which Prometheus is credited with – or blamed for – playing a pivotal role in the early history of humankind. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prometheus WIKI]

==Page 373==
'''Man in the Iron Mask''' 
The Man in the Iron Mask was a prisoner held in a number of prisons, including the Bastille and the Chateau d'If, during the reign of Louis XIV of France. The identity of this man has been thoroughly discussed, mainly because no one ever saw his face as it was hidden by a mask of black velvet cloth, which later re-tellings of the story have said to have been an iron mask -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Man_in_the_iron_mask Wikipedia]

'''Atelier''' 
An atelier is an artist's studio or workroom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atelier WIKI]

'''Madame la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
Jeanne-Antoinette Poisson, Marquise de Pompadour, also known as Madame de Pompadour (29 December 1721 – 15 April 1764), was a member of the French court, and was the official maîtresse-en-titre of Louis XV from 1745 to 1750. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madame_de_Pompadour WIKI]

'''''faisons le Dejeuner''''' 
Do lunch

'''the Gallic miniature''' 
The diminutive Armand.

'''''Hubris''''' 
Hubris (/hjuːbrɪs/) (ancient Greek ὕβρις) is a term used in modern English to indicate overweening pride, haughtiness, or arrogance, often resulting in fatal retribution or Nemesis. In ancient Greece, hubris referred to actions which, intentionally or not, shamed and humiliated the victim, and frequently the perpetrator as well. The word was also used to describe actions of those who challenged the gods or their laws, especially in Greek tragedy, resulting in the protagonist's downfall. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubris WIKI]

'''the Academy of Sciences''' 
The French Academy of Sciences is a learned society, founded in 1666 by Louis XIV at the suggestion of Jean-Baptiste Colbert, to encourage and protect the spirit of French scientific research. It was at the forefront of scientific developments in Europe in the 17th and 18th centuries. It is one of the earliest academies of sciences. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_Academy_of_Sciences WIKI]

'''Thousand Toises per Minute''' 
Noun: toise, f. = a former French unit of length, corresponding to about 1.949 metres 
Etymology: Old French teise (cognate with Italian tesa), from Latin tesa (brachia) ‘outstretched (arms)’, from tendere ‘stretch’. 
Pronunciation: /twaz/
# a toise.
# a height gauge.
Retrieved from "[http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/toise Wiktionary]"

This translates to approximately 72 miles per hour.

==Page 374==
'''''cher Maitre''''' 
Dear Master

'''''Canard au Pamplemousse Flambé''''' 
Grapefruit Duck Flambé

Flambé (also spelled flambe; pronounced /flɒmˈbeɪ/) is a cooking procedure in which alcohol (ethanol) is added to a hot pan to create a burst of flames. The word means flamed in French (thus, in French, flambé is a past participle; the verb is flamber). It is typically done to create an impressive visual presentation at a dramatic point in the preparation of a meal. The flames result from the partial combustion of the flammable alcohol, which is quickly consumed, subsequently extinguishing the flames (some alcohol content remains). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flamb%C3%A9 WIKI]

'''''Canard avec Aubergines en Casserole''''' 
Duck and Eggplant Casserole

'''''Fantaisie des Canettes...''''' 
Fantasy of Duckling

'''''"Oh, those old Canards"''''' 
A French pun - "canard" also means 'fabricated, sensational story or rumour; a newspaper hoax' in English. So, "Oh, those old rumours".

There is a French satirical publication, "Le Canard enchaîné" which means "The chained-up duck", but as "canard" is also French slang for "newspaper", the title also means 'the chained-up newspaper', and even conveys a third meaning, "canard" being a salicious rumour or whisper (from the folk saying "vendre un canard à moitié", to sell half a duck, or swindle) and "enchaîné" which also means linked, hence "the inside whisper" (from Wiki).

==Page 375==
'''…began to speak, in a curious Accent, inflected heavily with linguo-beccal Fricatives…''' 
Seems to describe the way Daffy Duck (the cartoon duck from Looney Tunes) speaks, including his spit-spraying S's ("a fine Mist of some digestive Liquid"). 'Linguo-beccal' or tongue-beak, riffs on technical terms from elocution such as 'linguodental - relating to the tongue and teeth, such as the speech sound 'th' which is produced with the aid of the tongue and teeth.' In this parlance, a fricative is a sound produced by forcing air through a narrow space.

'''Bluebeard''' 
"Bluebeard" (French: "La Barbe bleue") is a French literary fairy tale written by Charles Perrault and is one of eight tales by the author first published by Barbin in Paris in January 1697 in Histoires ou Contes du temps passé. The tale tells the story of a violent nobleman in the habit of murdering his wives and the attempts of one wife to avoid the fate of her predecessors. Gilles de Rais, a 15th-century artistocrat and prolific serial killer, has been suggested as the source for the character of Bluebeard as has Conomor the Accursed, an early Breton king. "The White Dove" and "Fitcher's Bird" are tales similar to "Bluebeard". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluebeard WIKI]

'''"I am provided with extensive Alarms... but 'twill trigger Consequences disagreeable."''' 
Similar to Emerson's perpetual watch, which would fly apart in pieces if someone tried to take it apart.

==Page 376==
'''''Attend, Flatteur''''' 
Wait, Flattering

'''Cocks of Strasbourg and Lyon''' 
The Strasbourg astronomical clock is located in the Strasbourg Cathedral, in the city of Strasbourg, Alsace, which was annexed by France in the late 17th century... A popular feature of the new clock was the golden cockerel, a relic of the first clock, which perched on the top of the cupola and entertained the onlookers at noon every day until 1640, when it was struck by lightning. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strasbourg_astronomical_clock WIKI]

Lyon Cathedral (Cathédrale Saint-Jean-Baptiste de Lyon) is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Lyon, France, the seat of the Archbishop of Lyon... The cathedral also has an astronomical clock from the 14th century. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyon_Cathedral WIKI]

'''''bien entendu''''' 
Naturally

==Page 377==
'''Galuppi''' 
Baldassare Galuppi (18 October 1706 – 3 January 1785) was an Italian composer from Venice, noted for his operas, and particularly opera buffa... He was born on the island of Burano in the Venetian Lagoon, and as a result, he became known as Il Buranello. His first attempt at opera, La fede nell'incostanza ossia gli amici rivali (1722), was a spectacular failure, having been hissed off the stage. He subsequently studied music with Antonio Lotti, and after a brief period in Florence working as a harpsichordist, returned to Venice for another attempt at opera. This time, his opera seria Dorinda (1729) was a success and launched his theatrical career. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galuppi WIKI]

Duck seems to have made up the name of the opera, as well as the restaurant, etc, all a part of his "plot"

'''L'Appeau''' 
The Decoy

'''''Insectes d'Etang a i'Etouffee''''' 
Braised Pond Bugs

Étouffée or etouffee is a Creole and Cajun dish typically served with shellfish or chicken over rice and is similar to gumbo. It is most popular in New Orleans and in the bayou country of the southernmost half of Louisiana. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etouffee WIKI]

'''''"Calmati, Mio Don Aldo irascibile"''''' 
"Calm down, my irascible Don Aldo"

'''Mme. la Marquise de Pompadour''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Jansenists''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Prussian Military''' 
The Prussian Army (German: Preußische Armee) was the army of the Kingdom of Prussia. It was vital to the development of Brandenburg-Prussia as a European power. The Prussian Army had its roots in the meager mercenary forces of Brandenburg during the Thirty Years' War. Elector Frederick William developed it into a viable standing army, while King Frederick William I of Prussia drastically increased its size. King Frederick the Great led the disciplined Prussian troops to victory during the 18th century Silesian Wars and increased the prestige of the Kingdom of Prussia. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prussian_Army WIKI]

'''missions Bourbon and Orleanist''' 
The Orléanists were a French right-wing/center-right political faction or party which arose out of the French Revolution, and ceased to have a separate existence shortly after the establishment of the Third Republic in 1870. It took its name from the Orléans branch of the House of Bourbon, who were its leaders. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orl%C3%A9anist WIKI]

'''Corsican Adventurers''' 
The Age of Enlightenment overthrew signorial and colonial rule and brought some measure of self-rule to the island. Corsica is distinguished by having staged the first enlightenment revolution, being upstaged only by the English Revolution of the preceding century. It was the first of a trio: Corsican, American, French, and as such had some influence on the American Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_Corsica WIKI]

'''Martinist Illuminati''' 
Martinism is a form of mystical or esoteric Christianity, which envisions the figure of Christ as "The Repairer" who enables individuals to attain an idealised state such as that in the Garden of Eden before the Fall. As an informal practice, Martinism dates back to late 18th Century France. In the late 19th Century it was established in France and elsewhere as a formal order meeting in lodges. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinist WIKI] - Related to the Elect Cohens mentioned previously in the novel, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358].

==Page 378==
'''''Grand Melange'' of Motive''' 
Grand Conglomeration (or Mixture) of Motive

'''Hepatomachy''' 
Closest to Hepatomancy (Hepatomachy could be the hierachy practicing many different strange divinations): In Roman practice, inherited from the Etruscans, a haruspex (plural haruspices) was a man trained to practise a form of divination called haruspicy, hepatoscopy or hepatomancy. Haruspicy is the inspection of the entrails of sacrificed animals, especially the livers of sacrificed sheep and poultry. The rites were paralleled by other rites of divination such as the interpretation of lightning strikes, of the flight of birds (augury), and of other natural omens. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hepatomancy WIKI]

'''wayward Barouches''' 
A barouche, developed from the calash of the 18th century, was a fashionable type of horse-drawn carriage in the 19th century. It was a four-wheeled, shallow vehicle with two double seats inside, arranged so that the sitters on the front seat faced those on the back seat. It had a collapsible half-hood folding like a bellows over the back seat and an outside box seat high in front for the driver. The entire carriage was suspended on C springs. It was drawn by a pair of high-quality horses and was used principally for leisure driving in the summer. A light barouche was a barouchet or barouchette. The word barouche is an anglicisation of the German word barutsche, via the Italian baroccio or biroccio and ultimately from the Latin birotus, "two-wheeled". The name thus became a misnomer, as the later form of the carriage had four wheels. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barouche WIKI]

'''Soupçon de Trop''' 
'A bit too much' 
In French, "de trop" means too much or too many, and a "soupçon" is literally 'a suspicion' but idiomatically meaning 'a touch' or 'a little bit'. So a "soupçon de trop" is just 'a bit too much', a typical chef's verdict on overuse of an ingredient.

'''''Repaire''''' 
Lair

'''announced only by that distressing Hum''' 
The arrival of the duck resonates with the sound before the V1 rockets in ''Gravity's Rainbow''

'''"Duress? Duress is not an Issue,- for Life is Duress."''' 
Wonderful aphorism by the duck

'''"the Lotus"''' 
The lotus position is a cross-legged sitting posture originating in meditative practices of ancient India, in which the feet are placed on the opposing thighs. It is an established posture of the Hindu Yoga tradition. The position is said to resemble a lotus, to encourage breathing proper to associated meditative practice, and to foster physical stability. Famous depictions of the lotus position include Shiva, the meditating ascetic god of Hinduism, and Siddhartha Gautama, the founder of Buddhism. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus_position WIKI]

==Page 379==
'''Time, however, had acquir'd additional Properties.''' 
Brings to mind Emerson's quote from pg. 326, "Time is the Space that may not be seen."

'''Anatine''' 
Of the family of duck, swan, and geese

'''sub-scullion''' 
A scullion is one that does menial jobs around a kitchen, so a sub-scullion would be even lower in rank than that, a substitute for a kitchen lackey

==Page 381==
'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
Aachen (French, and, historically, English: Aix-la-Chapelle, Ripuarian: Oche, Dutch: Aken) is a historic spa city in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It was a favoured residence of Charlemagne, and the place of coronation of the medieval Kings of Germany. It is the westernmost city of Germany, located along its borders with Belgium and the Netherlands, 65 km (40 mi) west of Cologne. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aix-la-chapelle WIKI]

'''Martinique''' 
Martinique is an island in the eastern Caribbean Sea, with a land area of 1,128 km2 (436 sq mi). It is an overseas department of France. To the northwest lies Dominica, to the south St Lucia. As with the other overseas departments, Martinique is also one of the twenty-six regions of France (being an overseas region) and an integral part of the Republic. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinique WIKI]

'''New Castle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_258 258].

'''''Hachoir''''' 
A mezzaluna (or hachoir) is a chopping instrument consisting of a single or double curved blade with a handle on each end. It is often used for chopping herbs or very large single blade versions are sometimes used for pizza or pesto. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hachoir WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

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2013-05-09T21:33:16Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 362 */

==Page 362==

'''Cremona Violin''' 
Cremona is a town in Italy. "From the 16th century onwards, Cremona was renowned as a centre of musical instrument manufacture, beginning with the violins of the Amati family, and later included the products of the Guarneri and Stradivari shops. To the present day, their work is widely considered to be the summit of achievement in string instrument making" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona#Music Wikipedia]

'''Zouks''' 
Souks. Middle-Eastern bazaars, from Arabic ''suq'' - marketplace

==Page 363==
'''the Communication''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_357 357].

'''"Another bonny gahn-on tha've got us into"''' 
Reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Fine_Mess Laurel and Hardy] ("That's another fine mess you've gotten us into!")?

==Page 364==
'''in strata''' 
This image of layering appears frequently in the text--compare this image, for example, with the descriptions of Cape Town which also had a multifaceted society, with various groups layered, operating with large degrees of independence. See, also, [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_487 "as above, so below" (p. 487)] and [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

'''trans-Elemental Uncle Toby''' 
Uncle Toby is a character created by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Sterne Laurence Sterne] in his major novel, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_and_Opinions_of_Tristram_Shandy%2C_Gentleman ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'']. Laurence Sterne (November 24, 1713 – March 18, 1768) was an Irish-born English novelist and an Anglican clergyman.

[http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/tristram/terms/char_4.html Sparks Notes] notes that "after sustaining a groin-wound in battle, he [Uncle Toby] retires to a life of obsessive attention to the history and science of military fortifications." [[K#Knockwood|Mr. Knockwood]] was also obsessed with fortifying his home front, though his concerns were directed towards the element of water.

==Page 365==
'''The Assembly Room is not Bath''' 
"Bath is a city in Somerset, England most famous for its baths fed by three hot springs. It is situated 99 miles (159 km) west of Central London and 13 miles (21 km) south east of Bristol.

The city is founded around the only naturally occurring hot springs in the United Kingdom. It was first documented as a Roman spa, although tradition suggests that it was founded earlier. The waters from its spring were believed to be a cure for many afflictions. From Elizabethan to Georgian times it was a resort city for the wealthy." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset Wikipedia]

'''Land-Jobbers''' 
I cannot find a good definition, but the term appears to refer to professional land dealers or developers; the terms seems to often have negative connotations, associated with underhanded dealings.

A jobber is a merchant middleman between producers and retailers. A wholesaler which buys in lots, "jobs", and resells to those who retail to end users.

'''Labor Crimps''' 
maritime labor brokers; in addition to signing up volunteers and negotiating for deserters, '''crimps''' routinely shanghaied "unfree" labor.

"Until 1915 unfree labor was widely used aboard American merchant ships. A person conscripted to such work was said to have been shanghaied when coercive techniques such as trickery, intimidation, or violence were used. Those engaged in this form of kidnapping were known as '''crimps'''. The related term ''press gang'' refers specifically to impressment practices in the British Royal Navy" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaiing Wikipedia]

Check out this interesting article on the topic: [http://www.well.com/user/sfflier/crimps.html "Down to the Sea in Ships" (''The San Francisco Flyer'' 9/25/97)].

Note that Pynchon (Wicks) uses the term "Body-jobbers" on p. 443 to refer to non-naval crimps.

'''Hanger''' 
A sword similar to a cutlass, used by woodsmen and soldiers in 17th to 18th centuries. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlass WIKI]

'''crepuscular''' 
twilight; here used figuratively: dim or indistinct

'''Pleiades''' 
star cluster in Taurus, commonly called the ''Seven Sisters''

'''Legerdemain''' 
Sleight of hand; "magic" trickery -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Legerdemain Wiktionary]

'''dyspeptic''' 
indigestive

==Page 366==
'''Apiary''' 
"a place where bees are kept" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apiary Wiktionary]

'''Hanger''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_365 365].

'''brumal''' 
"Of, relating to, or occurring in winter ... Here's one of Pynchon's puns: Squire Haligast states 'Tis a brumal night, for behold it sweepeth by' -- [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Mason & Dixon 3 Pages a Day'' Project]

'''gnomic''' 
"mysterious and often incomprehensible yet seemingly wise" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gnomic Wiktionary] related to 'enigma'.

''''Sandwich'''' 
The immediate cultural precursor with a direct connection to the English sandwich was to be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where the naturalist John Ray observed that in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"— explanatory specifications that reveal the Dutch belegde broodje was as yet unfamiliar in England... If it was initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich slowly began appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich WIKI]

'''Armand Allègre''' 
'An arm and a leg' - what something ridiculously expensive is said to cost. Coined in the US, more widely used in the UK.

==Page 367==
'''Lord Sandwich''' 
The modern sandwich is possibly named after Lord Sandwich but not invented by him. It is said that he ordered his valet to bring him meat tucked between two pieces of bread. Because Montagu also happened to be the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, others began to order "the same as Sandwich!" However, the exact circumstances of the invention are still the subject of debate. A rumour in a contemporary travel book called Tour to London by Pierre Jean Grosley formed the popular myth that bread and meat sustained Lord Sandwich at the gambling table. The sober alternative is provided by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, who suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts mean the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich WIKI] - humorous misunderstanding here on Dimdown's part

'''''batterie des couteaux''''' 
battery of knives

'''Eponym''' 
From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich Wiktionary]:
# A person whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.
# A word formed from a person’s name, e.g. stentorian after the Greek herald Stentor.

In this case, the [[S#sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]], who, like [[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]], was a member of the [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]].

'''Jemmy Twitcher''' 
This is a reference to a character in ''The Beggar's Opera'' whose betrayal of Macheath is similar to John Montagu's (4th Earl of Sandwich) real-life prosecution of John Wilkes. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270]. The play ran at Covent Garden soon after the happenings of the trial, therefore became linked together.

'''''Georgie''''' 
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738[1] – 29 January 1820 [N.S.]) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III_of_Great_Britain WIKI]

'''Jack Bute''' 
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute KG, PC (25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics... From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute WIKI] - Bute was the tutor and confidante of George III before George III ascended to the throne...

'''Wilkesite''' 
One sympathetic to John Wilkes

John Wilkes (17 October 1725–26 December 1797) was an English radical, journalist and politician. In the Middlesex election dispute, he fought for the right of voters — rather than the House of Commons — to determine their representatives. In 1771 he was instrumental in obliging the government to concede the right of printers to publish verbatim accounts of parliamentary debates. In 1776 he introduced the first Bill for parliamentary reform in the British Parliament. Wilkes' increasing conservatism as he grew older caused dissatsifaction among radicals and was instrumental in the loss of his Middlesex seat at the 1790 general election. Wilkes then retired from politics and took no part in the growth of radicalism in the 1790s -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkes Wikipedia]

Wilkes's political enemies obtained this parody of Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Man", and the John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was also a member of the Hellfire Club, among those introducing it in the House of Lords. Sandwich had a personal vendetta against Wilkes that stemmed in large part from embarrassment caused by a prank of Wilkes involving the Earl at one of the Hellfire Club's meetings; he was delighted at the chance for revenge. Sandwich read the poem to the House of Lords in an effort to denounce Wilkes's moral behavior, despite the hypocrisy of his action. The Lords declared the poem obscene and blasphemous, and it caused a great scandal. The House of Lords moved to expel Wilkes again; he fled to Paris before any expulsion or trial. He was tried and found guilty in absentia of obscene libel and seditious libel, and was declared an outlaw on 19 January 1764.

John Wilkes, like the [[S#sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]] and [[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]], a member of the [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]].

'''[[C#consubstantiate|consubstantiate]]''' 
The union of the "actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consubstantiation Wiktionary]) as opposed to transubstantiate.

==Page 368==
'''white Toque''' 
A toque blanche (French for "white hat"), often shortened to toque, is a tall, round, pleated, starched white hat worn by chefs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque WIKI]

'''Lord Affability''' 
Wicks still taking jabs at Mr. Edgewise

==Page 369==
'''incipient case of the Green Pip''' 
The green pip is an Old English term for "loss of color" - as in, Mitzi's face has grown extremely pale and getting moreso...

==Page 370==
'''Iliad of Inconvenience''' 
Another example of "inconvenience" meaning life, the unplannable details of one's life with others in the world. See [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience in the Alphabetic Index listing]] for other page references. As well as ATD, of course.

The Iliad (Greek: Ἰλιάς, Iliás) is an epic creation recounting significant events during a portion of the final year of the Trojan War — the Greek siege of the city of Ilion (Troy) — hence the title (“pertaining to Ilion”). In twenty-four scrolls, containing 15,693 lines of dactylic hexameter, it tells the wrathful withdrawal from battle of Achilles, the premiere Greek warrior, after King Agamemnon dishonoured him — an internecine quarrel disastrous to the Greek cause. This poem establishes most of the events (including Achilles’s slaying of Hector) later developed in the Epic Cycle narrative poems recounting the Trojan War events not narrated in the Iliad and the Odyssey. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliad WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 36: 362-370

2013-05-09T21:23:40Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 366 */ false reference removed

==Page 362==
'''The Driver, having observed through the low clouds, candle-lit Windows in the Distance ... The rush of the Weather past the smooth outer Shell ... Link-men waiting in a double line ... their torches sparking intensely yellow''' 
Is the coach flying? Are the Link-men's torches illuminating the outer-edges of a landing strip?

'''Cremona Violin''' 
Cremona is a town in Italy. "From the 16th century onwards, Cremona was renowned as a centre of musical instrument manufacture, beginning with the violins of the Amati family, and later included the products of the Guarneri and Stradivari shops. To the present day, their work is widely considered to be the summit of achievement in string instrument making" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona#Music Wikipedia]

'''Zouks''' 
Souks. Middle-Eastern bazaars, from Arabic ''suq'' - marketplace

==Page 363==
'''the Communication''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_357 357].

'''"Another bonny gahn-on tha've got us into"''' 
Reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Fine_Mess Laurel and Hardy] ("That's another fine mess you've gotten us into!")?

==Page 364==
'''in strata''' 
This image of layering appears frequently in the text--compare this image, for example, with the descriptions of Cape Town which also had a multifaceted society, with various groups layered, operating with large degrees of independence. See, also, [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_487 "as above, so below" (p. 487)] and [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

'''trans-Elemental Uncle Toby''' 
Uncle Toby is a character created by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Sterne Laurence Sterne] in his major novel, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_and_Opinions_of_Tristram_Shandy%2C_Gentleman ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'']. Laurence Sterne (November 24, 1713 – March 18, 1768) was an Irish-born English novelist and an Anglican clergyman.

[http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/tristram/terms/char_4.html Sparks Notes] notes that "after sustaining a groin-wound in battle, he [Uncle Toby] retires to a life of obsessive attention to the history and science of military fortifications." [[K#Knockwood|Mr. Knockwood]] was also obsessed with fortifying his home front, though his concerns were directed towards the element of water.

==Page 365==
'''The Assembly Room is not Bath''' 
"Bath is a city in Somerset, England most famous for its baths fed by three hot springs. It is situated 99 miles (159 km) west of Central London and 13 miles (21 km) south east of Bristol.

The city is founded around the only naturally occurring hot springs in the United Kingdom. It was first documented as a Roman spa, although tradition suggests that it was founded earlier. The waters from its spring were believed to be a cure for many afflictions. From Elizabethan to Georgian times it was a resort city for the wealthy." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset Wikipedia]

'''Land-Jobbers''' 
I cannot find a good definition, but the term appears to refer to professional land dealers or developers; the terms seems to often have negative connotations, associated with underhanded dealings.

A jobber is a merchant middleman between producers and retailers. A wholesaler which buys in lots, "jobs", and resells to those who retail to end users.

'''Labor Crimps''' 
maritime labor brokers; in addition to signing up volunteers and negotiating for deserters, '''crimps''' routinely shanghaied "unfree" labor.

"Until 1915 unfree labor was widely used aboard American merchant ships. A person conscripted to such work was said to have been shanghaied when coercive techniques such as trickery, intimidation, or violence were used. Those engaged in this form of kidnapping were known as '''crimps'''. The related term ''press gang'' refers specifically to impressment practices in the British Royal Navy" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaiing Wikipedia]

Check out this interesting article on the topic: [http://www.well.com/user/sfflier/crimps.html "Down to the Sea in Ships" (''The San Francisco Flyer'' 9/25/97)].

Note that Pynchon (Wicks) uses the term "Body-jobbers" on p. 443 to refer to non-naval crimps.

'''Hanger''' 
A sword similar to a cutlass, used by woodsmen and soldiers in 17th to 18th centuries. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlass WIKI]

'''crepuscular''' 
twilight; here used figuratively: dim or indistinct

'''Pleiades''' 
star cluster in Taurus, commonly called the ''Seven Sisters''

'''Legerdemain''' 
Sleight of hand; "magic" trickery -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Legerdemain Wiktionary]

'''dyspeptic''' 
indigestive

==Page 366==
'''Apiary''' 
"a place where bees are kept" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apiary Wiktionary]

'''Hanger''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_365 365].

'''brumal''' 
"Of, relating to, or occurring in winter ... Here's one of Pynchon's puns: Squire Haligast states 'Tis a brumal night, for behold it sweepeth by' -- [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Mason & Dixon 3 Pages a Day'' Project]

'''gnomic''' 
"mysterious and often incomprehensible yet seemingly wise" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gnomic Wiktionary] related to 'enigma'.

''''Sandwich'''' 
The immediate cultural precursor with a direct connection to the English sandwich was to be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where the naturalist John Ray observed that in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"— explanatory specifications that reveal the Dutch belegde broodje was as yet unfamiliar in England... If it was initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich slowly began appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich WIKI]

'''Armand Allègre''' 
'An arm and a leg' - what something ridiculously expensive is said to cost. Coined in the US, more widely used in the UK.

==Page 367==
'''Lord Sandwich''' 
The modern sandwich is possibly named after Lord Sandwich but not invented by him. It is said that he ordered his valet to bring him meat tucked between two pieces of bread. Because Montagu also happened to be the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, others began to order "the same as Sandwich!" However, the exact circumstances of the invention are still the subject of debate. A rumour in a contemporary travel book called Tour to London by Pierre Jean Grosley formed the popular myth that bread and meat sustained Lord Sandwich at the gambling table. The sober alternative is provided by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, who suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts mean the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich WIKI] - humorous misunderstanding here on Dimdown's part

'''''batterie des couteaux''''' 
battery of knives

'''Eponym''' 
From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich Wiktionary]:
# A person whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.
# A word formed from a person’s name, e.g. stentorian after the Greek herald Stentor.

In this case, the [[S#sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]], who, like [[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]], was a member of the [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]].

'''Jemmy Twitcher''' 
This is a reference to a character in ''The Beggar's Opera'' whose betrayal of Macheath is similar to John Montagu's (4th Earl of Sandwich) real-life prosecution of John Wilkes. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270]. The play ran at Covent Garden soon after the happenings of the trial, therefore became linked together.

'''''Georgie''''' 
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738[1] – 29 January 1820 [N.S.]) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III_of_Great_Britain WIKI]

'''Jack Bute''' 
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute KG, PC (25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics... From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute WIKI] - Bute was the tutor and confidante of George III before George III ascended to the throne...

'''Wilkesite''' 
One sympathetic to John Wilkes

John Wilkes (17 October 1725–26 December 1797) was an English radical, journalist and politician. In the Middlesex election dispute, he fought for the right of voters — rather than the House of Commons — to determine their representatives. In 1771 he was instrumental in obliging the government to concede the right of printers to publish verbatim accounts of parliamentary debates. In 1776 he introduced the first Bill for parliamentary reform in the British Parliament. Wilkes' increasing conservatism as he grew older caused dissatsifaction among radicals and was instrumental in the loss of his Middlesex seat at the 1790 general election. Wilkes then retired from politics and took no part in the growth of radicalism in the 1790s -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkes Wikipedia]

Wilkes's political enemies obtained this parody of Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Man", and the John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was also a member of the Hellfire Club, among those introducing it in the House of Lords. Sandwich had a personal vendetta against Wilkes that stemmed in large part from embarrassment caused by a prank of Wilkes involving the Earl at one of the Hellfire Club's meetings; he was delighted at the chance for revenge. Sandwich read the poem to the House of Lords in an effort to denounce Wilkes's moral behavior, despite the hypocrisy of his action. The Lords declared the poem obscene and blasphemous, and it caused a great scandal. The House of Lords moved to expel Wilkes again; he fled to Paris before any expulsion or trial. He was tried and found guilty in absentia of obscene libel and seditious libel, and was declared an outlaw on 19 January 1764.

John Wilkes, like the [[S#sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]] and [[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]], a member of the [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]].

'''[[C#consubstantiate|consubstantiate]]''' 
The union of the "actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consubstantiation Wiktionary]) as opposed to transubstantiate.

==Page 368==
'''white Toque''' 
A toque blanche (French for "white hat"), often shortened to toque, is a tall, round, pleated, starched white hat worn by chefs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque WIKI]

'''Lord Affability''' 
Wicks still taking jabs at Mr. Edgewise

==Page 369==
'''incipient case of the Green Pip''' 
The green pip is an Old English term for "loss of color" - as in, Mitzi's face has grown extremely pale and getting moreso...

==Page 370==
'''Iliad of Inconvenience''' 
Another example of "inconvenience" meaning life, the unplannable details of one's life with others in the world. See [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience in the Alphabetic Index listing]] for other page references. As well as ATD, of course.

The Iliad (Greek: Ἰλιάς, Iliás) is an epic creation recounting significant events during a portion of the final year of the Trojan War — the Greek siege of the city of Ilion (Troy) — hence the title (“pertaining to Ilion”). In twenty-four scrolls, containing 15,693 lines of dactylic hexameter, it tells the wrathful withdrawal from battle of Achilles, the premiere Greek warrior, after King Agamemnon dishonoured him — an internecine quarrel disastrous to the Greek cause. This poem establishes most of the events (including Achilles’s slaying of Hector) later developed in the Epic Cycle narrative poems recounting the Trojan War events not narrated in the Iliad and the Odyssey. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliad WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 36: 362-370

2013-05-09T21:17:17Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 366 */

==Page 362==
'''The Driver, having observed through the low clouds, candle-lit Windows in the Distance ... The rush of the Weather past the smooth outer Shell ... Link-men waiting in a double line ... their torches sparking intensely yellow''' 
Is the coach flying? Are the Link-men's torches illuminating the outer-edges of a landing strip?

'''Cremona Violin''' 
Cremona is a town in Italy. "From the 16th century onwards, Cremona was renowned as a centre of musical instrument manufacture, beginning with the violins of the Amati family, and later included the products of the Guarneri and Stradivari shops. To the present day, their work is widely considered to be the summit of achievement in string instrument making" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cremona#Music Wikipedia]

'''Zouks''' 
Souks. Middle-Eastern bazaars, from Arabic ''suq'' - marketplace

==Page 363==
'''the Communication''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_357 357].

'''"Another bonny gahn-on tha've got us into"''' 
Reference to [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another_Fine_Mess Laurel and Hardy] ("That's another fine mess you've gotten us into!")?

==Page 364==
'''in strata''' 
This image of layering appears frequently in the text--compare this image, for example, with the descriptions of Cape Town which also had a multifaceted society, with various groups layered, operating with large degrees of independence. See, also, [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_487 "as above, so below" (p. 487)] and [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

'''trans-Elemental Uncle Toby''' 
Uncle Toby is a character created by [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laurence_Sterne Laurence Sterne] in his major novel, [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Life_and_Opinions_of_Tristram_Shandy%2C_Gentleman ''The Life and Opinions of Tristram Shandy, Gentleman'']. Laurence Sterne (November 24, 1713 – March 18, 1768) was an Irish-born English novelist and an Anglican clergyman.

[http://www.sparknotes.com/lit/tristram/terms/char_4.html Sparks Notes] notes that "after sustaining a groin-wound in battle, he [Uncle Toby] retires to a life of obsessive attention to the history and science of military fortifications." [[K#Knockwood|Mr. Knockwood]] was also obsessed with fortifying his home front, though his concerns were directed towards the element of water.

==Page 365==
'''The Assembly Room is not Bath''' 
"Bath is a city in Somerset, England most famous for its baths fed by three hot springs. It is situated 99 miles (159 km) west of Central London and 13 miles (21 km) south east of Bristol.

The city is founded around the only naturally occurring hot springs in the United Kingdom. It was first documented as a Roman spa, although tradition suggests that it was founded earlier. The waters from its spring were believed to be a cure for many afflictions. From Elizabethan to Georgian times it was a resort city for the wealthy." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bath,_Somerset Wikipedia]

'''Land-Jobbers''' 
I cannot find a good definition, but the term appears to refer to professional land dealers or developers; the terms seems to often have negative connotations, associated with underhanded dealings.

A jobber is a merchant middleman between producers and retailers. A wholesaler which buys in lots, "jobs", and resells to those who retail to end users.

'''Labor Crimps''' 
maritime labor brokers; in addition to signing up volunteers and negotiating for deserters, '''crimps''' routinely shanghaied "unfree" labor.

"Until 1915 unfree labor was widely used aboard American merchant ships. A person conscripted to such work was said to have been shanghaied when coercive techniques such as trickery, intimidation, or violence were used. Those engaged in this form of kidnapping were known as '''crimps'''. The related term ''press gang'' refers specifically to impressment practices in the British Royal Navy" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghaiing Wikipedia]

Check out this interesting article on the topic: [http://www.well.com/user/sfflier/crimps.html "Down to the Sea in Ships" (''The San Francisco Flyer'' 9/25/97)].

Note that Pynchon (Wicks) uses the term "Body-jobbers" on p. 443 to refer to non-naval crimps.

'''Hanger''' 
A sword similar to a cutlass, used by woodsmen and soldiers in 17th to 18th centuries. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cutlass WIKI]

'''crepuscular''' 
twilight; here used figuratively: dim or indistinct

'''Pleiades''' 
star cluster in Taurus, commonly called the ''Seven Sisters''

'''Legerdemain''' 
Sleight of hand; "magic" trickery -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Legerdemain Wiktionary]

'''dyspeptic''' 
indigestive

==Page 366==
'''Apiary''' 
"a place where bees are kept" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apiary Wiktionary]

'''Hanger''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_365 365].

'''brumal''' 
"Of, relating to, or occurring in winter ... Here's one of Pynchon's puns: Squire Haligast states 'Tis a brumal night, for behold it sweepeth by' -- [http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Mason & Dixon 3 Pages a Day'' Project]

'''gnomic''' 
"mysterious and often incomprehensible yet seemingly wise" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/gnomic Wiktionary]

I think this is also referring to Squire Haligast's appearance as being like that of a gnome, ie. extremely small. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gnome WIKI] Later he is referred as such as well - See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

''''Sandwich'''' 
The immediate cultural precursor with a direct connection to the English sandwich was to be found in the Netherlands of the 17th century, where the naturalist John Ray observed that in the taverns beef hung from the rafters "which they cut into thin slices and eat with bread and butter laying the slices upon the butter"— explanatory specifications that reveal the Dutch belegde broodje was as yet unfamiliar in England... If it was initially perceived as food men shared while gaming and drinking at night, the sandwich slowly began appearing in polite society as a late-night meal among the aristocracy. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich WIKI]

'''Armand Allègre''' 
'An arm and a leg' - what something ridiculously expensive is said to cost. Coined in the US, more widely used in the UK.

==Page 367==
'''Lord Sandwich''' 
The modern sandwich is possibly named after Lord Sandwich but not invented by him. It is said that he ordered his valet to bring him meat tucked between two pieces of bread. Because Montagu also happened to be the Fourth Earl of Sandwich, others began to order "the same as Sandwich!" However, the exact circumstances of the invention are still the subject of debate. A rumour in a contemporary travel book called Tour to London by Pierre Jean Grosley formed the popular myth that bread and meat sustained Lord Sandwich at the gambling table. The sober alternative is provided by Sandwich's biographer, N. A. M. Rodger, who suggests Sandwich's commitments to the navy, to politics and the arts mean the first sandwich was more likely to have been consumed at his desk. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Montagu,_4th_Earl_of_Sandwich WIKI] - humorous misunderstanding here on Dimdown's part

'''''batterie des couteaux''''' 
battery of knives

'''Eponym''' 
From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandwich Wiktionary]:
# A person whose name has become identified with a particular object or activity.
# A word formed from a person’s name, e.g. stentorian after the Greek herald Stentor.

In this case, the [[S#sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]], who, like [[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]], was a member of the [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]].

'''Jemmy Twitcher''' 
This is a reference to a character in ''The Beggar's Opera'' whose betrayal of Macheath is similar to John Montagu's (4th Earl of Sandwich) real-life prosecution of John Wilkes. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270]. The play ran at Covent Garden soon after the happenings of the trial, therefore became linked together.

'''''Georgie''''' 
George III (George William Frederick; 4 June 1738[1] – 29 January 1820 [N.S.]) was King of Great Britain and King of Ireland from 25 October 1760 until the union of these two countries on 1 January 1801, after which he was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland until his death. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George_III_of_Great_Britain WIKI]

'''Jack Bute''' 
John Stuart, 3rd Earl of Bute KG, PC (25 May 1713 – 10 March 1792), styled Lord Mount Stuart before 1723, was a Scottish nobleman who served as Prime Minister of Great Britain (1762–1763) under George III, and was arguably the last important favourite in British politics... From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Stuart,_3rd_Earl_of_Bute WIKI] - Bute was the tutor and confidante of George III before George III ascended to the throne...

'''Wilkesite''' 
One sympathetic to John Wilkes

John Wilkes (17 October 1725–26 December 1797) was an English radical, journalist and politician. In the Middlesex election dispute, he fought for the right of voters — rather than the House of Commons — to determine their representatives. In 1771 he was instrumental in obliging the government to concede the right of printers to publish verbatim accounts of parliamentary debates. In 1776 he introduced the first Bill for parliamentary reform in the British Parliament. Wilkes' increasing conservatism as he grew older caused dissatsifaction among radicals and was instrumental in the loss of his Middlesex seat at the 1790 general election. Wilkes then retired from politics and took no part in the growth of radicalism in the 1790s -- From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John_Wilkes Wikipedia]

Wilkes's political enemies obtained this parody of Alexander Pope's "An Essay on Man", and the John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich, who was also a member of the Hellfire Club, among those introducing it in the House of Lords. Sandwich had a personal vendetta against Wilkes that stemmed in large part from embarrassment caused by a prank of Wilkes involving the Earl at one of the Hellfire Club's meetings; he was delighted at the chance for revenge. Sandwich read the poem to the House of Lords in an effort to denounce Wilkes's moral behavior, despite the hypocrisy of his action. The Lords declared the poem obscene and blasphemous, and it caused a great scandal. The House of Lords moved to expel Wilkes again; he fled to Paris before any expulsion or trial. He was tried and found guilty in absentia of obscene libel and seditious libel, and was declared an outlaw on 19 January 1764.

John Wilkes, like the [[S#sandwich|Earl of Sandwich]] and [[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]], a member of the [[H#hellfire|Hellfire Club]].

'''[[C#consubstantiate|consubstantiate]]''' 
The union of the "actual, substantial presence of the body of Christ with the bread and wine of the sacrament of the Lord's Supper" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/consubstantiation Wiktionary]) as opposed to transubstantiate.

==Page 368==
'''white Toque''' 
A toque blanche (French for "white hat"), often shortened to toque, is a tall, round, pleated, starched white hat worn by chefs. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toque WIKI]

'''Lord Affability''' 
Wicks still taking jabs at Mr. Edgewise

==Page 369==
'''incipient case of the Green Pip''' 
The green pip is an Old English term for "loss of color" - as in, Mitzi's face has grown extremely pale and getting moreso...

==Page 370==
'''Iliad of Inconvenience''' 
Another example of "inconvenience" meaning life, the unplannable details of one's life with others in the world. See [[I#Inconvenience|Inconvenience in the Alphabetic Index listing]] for other page references. As well as ATD, of course.

The Iliad (Greek: Ἰλιάς, Iliás) is an epic creation recounting significant events during a portion of the final year of the Trojan War — the Greek siege of the city of Ilion (Troy) — hence the title (“pertaining to Ilion”). In twenty-four scrolls, containing 15,693 lines of dactylic hexameter, it tells the wrathful withdrawal from battle of Achilles, the premiere Greek warrior, after King Agamemnon dishonoured him — an internecine quarrel disastrous to the Greek cause. This poem establishes most of the events (including Achilles’s slaying of Hector) later developed in the Epic Cycle narrative poems recounting the Trojan War events not narrated in the Iliad and the Odyssey. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iliad WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 55: 542-553

2013-05-09T19:19:03Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 552 */ Rongy corrected

==Page 542==
'''''Feng-Shui''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_228 228].

'''''Sha''... Bad Energy''' 
See this [http://www.fengshuiprophet.com/sha_chi.htm LINK] in regard to Sha Chi

Also, for what it's worth, note that the Cyrillic letter, Sha, is similar to the Hebrew Shin, which is related to the greeting (Star Trek-like salute) that was given outside the The Rabbi of Prague. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_50:_484-490#Page_485 485].

Sha has its earliest origins in Proto-Canaanite Shin and is linked closely to Shin's Greek equivalent: Sigma (Σ, σ). (Note the similar form of the modern Hebrew Shin (ש) which also derives from the same Proto-Canaanite source). Sha already possessed its current form in Saints Cyril and Methodius's Glagolitic alphabet. Most Cyrillic letter-forms were derived from the Greek, but as there was no Greek sign for the Sha sound (modern Greek uses simply "σ" to spell the sh-sound in foreign words and names), Glagolitic Sha was adopted unchanged. There is a possibility that Sha was taken from the Coptic alphabet, which was the same as the Greek alphabet but had a few letters added at the end, including one called "shai" which somewhat resembles both sha and shcha (Щ, щ) in appearance. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sha WIKI]

==Page 543==
'''the last bights of of Robe-hem... back of an ever-departing Deity''' 
Brings to mind Peter Redzinger's story on page 480.

'''''Luo-pan''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_531 531].

'''Father Zarpazo, the Wolf of Jesus''' 
Interestingly enough, Zarpazo means "Bang" - Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_477 477].

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_522 522].

'''Molinos''' 
Miguel de Molinos (c. 1628–1697), Spanish divine, the chief apostle of the religious revival known as Quietism, was born about 1628 near Muniesa (Teruel). He entered the priesthood and settled in Rome about 1670. There he became well known as a director of consciences, being on specially friendly terms with Cardinal Odescalchi, who in 1676 became Pope Innocent XI... No breath of suspicion arose against Molinos until 1681, when the Jesuit preacher Paolo Segneri, attacked his views, though without mentioning his name... The matter was referred to the Inquisition. It pronounced that the Guida spirituale was perfectly orthodox, and censured the intemperate zeal of Segneri... But the Jesuits set Father La Chaise to work on his royal penitent, Louis XIV. Louis prided himself on being a pillar of orthodoxy; but he was on very bad terms with Innocent XI, and soon yielded to the pleasure of discovering heresy in an intimate friend of the pope. Following on official representations by the French ambassador in Rome, who happened to be a cardinal, Molinos was arrested in May 1685. At first his friends were confident of an acquittal, but in the beginning of 1687 a number of his penitents of both sexes were examined by the Inquisition, and several were arrested. A report got abroad that Molinos had been convicted of moral enormities, as well as of heretical doctrines; and it was seen that he was doomed. On September 3, 1687 he made public profession of his errors, and was sentenced to imprisonment for life. In the following November, Innocent signed a bull, ''Coelestis Pastor'', condemning sixty-eight propositions from the ''Guida spirituale'' and other unpublished writings of its author. At some date unknown in 1696 or 1697 Molinos died in prison. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel_de_Molinos WIKI]

'''Buddhists''' 
Buddhism, as traditionally conceived, is a path of salvation attained through insight into the ultimate nature of reality. It encompasses a variety of traditions, beliefs and practices, largely based on teachings attributed to Siddhartha Gautama, commonly known as the Buddha (Pali/Sanskrit "one who is awake"). Adherents recognize the Buddha as an awakened teacher who shared his insights to help sentient beings end suffering, achieve nirvana, and escape what is seen as a cycle of suffering and rebirth. However, Buddhist schools disagree over the historical teachings of the Buddha, and on the importance and canonicity of various scriptures. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buddhists WIKI]

'''Jansenist Convulsionaries''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_227 227].

'''Crypto-Illuminati''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_358 358] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_377 377].

'''Neo-Quietists''' 
Quietism is a Christian philosophy that swept through France, Italy and Spain during the 17th century, but it had much earlier origins. The mystics known as Quietists insist, with more or less emphasis, on intellectual stillness and interior passivity as essential conditions of perfection. All have been officially proscribed as heresy in very explicit terms by the Roman Catholic Church. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quietism_(Christian_philosophy) WIKI]

==Page 544==
'''"Somehow ''Feng-Shui'' became their principal Enemy. Without it in the World..."''' 
Cf. page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_522 522], where Father Zarpazo teaches something similar to Feng-Shui, which sounds a lot like what Emerson taught of the Roman's to his students, see [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227 Chapter 22].

'''Fuh-kien''' 
Fujian (Chinese: 福建; pinyin: Fújiàn; Wade-Giles: Fu-chien; Postal map spelling: Fukien, Foukien; Hokkien: Hok-kiàn; Foochowese: Hók-gióng; Hakka: Fuk-kian) is a province on the southeast coast of China. Fujian borders Zhejiang to the north, Jiangxi to the west, and Guangdong to the south. Taiwan lies to the east, across the Taiwan Strait. The name Fujian came from the combination of Fuzhou and Jian'ou, two cities in Fujian, during the Tang Dynasty. It is one of the most culturally and linguistically diverse provinces in China with Han Chinese majority. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuhkien WIKI]

'''Le Maire''' 
Father Christopher Maire, a Jesuit, who was present during [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227 Chapter 22] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237 Chapter 23] (when he made the first British Pizza). Here, Dixon's knowing Maire, comes back to haunt Dixon, it being presumed that Dixon is a Jesuit spy, and that also Maire is related to the Dutch Le Maire family. See pages 155 & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_156 156] for first mention of the Le Maire Brothers and these connections.

'''the Line from Rome to Rimini''' 
Referring to Maire and Boscovich's assignment to measure an arc of two degrees between Rome and Rimini. The operation began at the end of 1750, and was completed in about two years. An account was published in 1755, under the name ''De Litteraria expeditione per pontificiam ditionem ad dimetiendos duos meridiani gradus a PP. Maire et Boscovicli''. The original road, Rome to Rimini, was constructed during 220 BC. Zhang is saying that Father Zarpazo was there with Maire (and Boscovich). Also see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_222 222] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_71:_687-693#Page_691 691].

'''La Condamine''' 
Charles Marie de La Condamine (January 28, 1701 – February 4, 1774) was a French explorer, geographer, and mathematician. La Condamine became a member of the expedition that was sent to Peru in 1735 to determine the length of a degree of the meridian in the neighborhood of the equator; this work laid the basis for the determination of the length of the meter. The group was led by Louis Godin and included Pierre Bouguer, Antonio de Ulloa, and Jorge Juan y Santacilia. His associations with his principals were unhappy; the expedition was beset by many difficulties, and finally La Condamine split from the rest and made his way to Quito, Ecuador separately, discovering rubber in the process... On a visit to Rome, La Condamine made careful measurements of the ancient buildings with a view to a precise determination of the length of the Roman foot. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_Marie_de_La_Condamine WIKI]

'''Lapp-land''' 
Lappmarken was an earlier Swedish name for the northern part of the old Kingdom of Sweden specifically inhabited by the Sami people. In addition to the present-day Swedish Lapland, it also covered Västerbotten, Jämtland and Härjedalen, as well as the Finnish Lapland. As a name, it is related to Finnmark, an old Norwegian name for the Sami area. "Finn" and "Lapp" are mutually exchangeable old names about the Sami people. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lappmarken WIKI]

'''Bouguer''' 
Pierre Bouguer (February 16, 1698 – August 15, 1758) was a French mathematician, geophysicist, geodesist, and astronomer. He is also known as "the father of naval architecture". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre_Bouguer WIKI]

==Page 545==
'''Monsieur Allegre''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_366 366].

'''Battlements of Elsinore''' 
Helsingør (in English also known as Elsinore) is a city and the municipal seat of Helsingør municipality on the northeast coast of the island of Zealand (Sjælland) in eastern Denmark. It is known internationally as the setting of William Shakespeare's ''Hamlet'', whence the spelling 'Elsinore' originated. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elsinore WIKI]

'''Copernicus''' 
Nicolaus Copernicus (19 February 1473 – 24 May 1543) was the first astronomer to formulate a comprehensive heliocentric cosmology, which displaced the Earth from the center of the universe. His epochal book, ''De revolutionibus orbium coelestium (On the Revolutions of the Celestial Spheres)'', published in 1543 just before his death, is often regarded as the starting point of modern astronomy and the defining epiphany that began the scientific revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Copernicus WIKI]

==Page 546==
'''Le Maire''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_544 544].

'''Boscovich''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_215 215].

'''Rome to Rimini''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_544 544].

'''last peace Treaty''' 
Fairly sure this is in reference to the Treaty of Paris (1763), see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_41:_410-421#Page_420 420].

'''Maria Theresa''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_224 224].

==Page 547==
'''Oolite Prism''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_440 440].

'''lead Plate''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_532 532].

'''Cheat''' 
The Cheat River is a tributary of the Monongahela River in eastern West Virginia and southwestern Pennsylvania in the United States. Via the Monongahela and Ohio Rivers, it is part of the Mississippi River watershed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheat_River WIKI]

'''Monongahela''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282 282].

'''Derbyshire''' 
Derbyshire is a county in the East Midlands of England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Derbyshire WIKI]

'''Galena''' 
Galena is the natural mineral form of lead sulfide. It is the most important lead ore mineral. Galena is one of the most abundant and widely distributed sulfide minerals. It crystallizes in the cubic crystal system often showing octahedral forms. It is often associated with the minerals sphalerite, calcite and fluorite. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galena WIKI]

'''Plumbaginous''' 
Graphite-like

==Page 548==
'''Celeron's lead Plates''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_532 532].

'''"A complete, largely unsens'd World, held within our own [...] waiting for some Summons to Light"''' 
The [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hollow_earth Hollow Earth theories] posit that the planet Earth has a hollow interior and, possibly, a habitable inner surface. At one time, adventure literature made this idea popular, and it was a feature of many fantasy and science fiction works as well as some conspiracy theories.

Hollow Earth theory is also explored in Pynchon's 2006 novel [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_97-118#Page_115 ''Against the Day''], where the Chums of Chance enter the "Telluric interior" through an opening in the Antarctic as a shortcut to the North Pole...

:"Some of the greatest minds in the history of science, including Kepler, Halley, and Euler, had speculated as to the existence of a so-called 'hollow Earth.' One day, it was hoped, the technique of intra-planetary 'short-cutting' about to be exercised by the boys would become routine, as useful in its way as the Suez or the Panama Canal had proved to surface shipping." ([http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=ATD_97-118#Page_115 ''Against the Day'', p. 115]).

It is also further explored in ''Mason & Dixon'' on pages [[Chapter_61:_597-607#Page 603|603]], [[Chapter_73:_706-713#Page_707|707]] and [[Chapter_75:_733-743#Page_739|739]].

'''Capt. Shelby''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_499 499].

==Page 549==
'''Dixon... thinks you're a Jesuit Agent''' 
See "Le Maire" entry on page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_55:_542-553#Page_544 544].

'''"''Andale, mis Hijos''"''' 
Hurry up, my Children

'''''Soutane''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_516 516].

'''Heliotrope''' 
Reddish-purple

==Page 550==
'''"'Tis a Pearl... Once it was a Cyst, growing within the Brain of a Cobra"''' 
See this [http://www.occultmansion.com/rnd/sri_nagamani.html LINK], and also [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vasuki THIS].

'''Zsuzsa's Exhibition''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_535 535].

'''first Charles''' 
Charles I, (19 November 1600 – 30 January 1649), the second son of James VI of Scotland and I of England, was King of England, Scotland and Ireland from 27 March 1625 until his execution. Charles famously engaged in a struggle for power with the Parliament of England. He was an advocate of the divine right of kings, which was the belief that kings received their power from God and thus could not be deposed (unlike the similar Mandate of Heaven). Many of his English subjects feared that he was attempting to gain absolute power. Many of his actions, particularly the levying of taxes without Parliament's consent, caused widespread opposition. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_I_of_England WIKI]

==Page 551==
'''Marlborough's riflemen''' 
The Battle of Ramillies was a major engagement of the War of the Spanish Succession fought on 23 May 1706. The encounter was a resounding success for the allied forces of the Dutch Republic, England, and their auxiliaries; but the battle had followed a year of indecisive campaigning in 1705 where Allied over-confidence and Dutch hesitancy after their success at the Battle of Blenheim had resulted in an abortive campaign along the Moselle, forcing the Duke of Marlborough to abandon his plans for a push into France. Yet despite the Allies' inability to achieve a decisive victory, Louis XIV was eager for peace; but he wanted it on reasonable terms. Therefore, rather than standing on the defensive, French armies on all fronts swung over to the offensive. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Ramillies WIKI]

'''Hanoverian... Stuart wantonness... Jacobitism''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_226 226].

'''Lancaster Rifle''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_278 278].

'''Alexander's Phalanx''' 
After reaching its zenith in the conquests of Alexander the Great, the phalanx as a military formation began a slow decline, mirrored by the decline in the Macedonian successor states themselves. The combined arms tactics used by Alexander and his father were gradually replaced by a return to the simpler frontal charge tactics of the hoplite phalanx. From/See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phalanx_formation WIKI]

==Page 552==
'''''Rongy''''' 
552; Hungarian for 'good-for-nothing'

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

R

2013-05-09T19:17:01Z

Hotratsalex: Rongy corrected

<div id="rabbi"></div>'''Rabbi of Prague (1513-1609)''' 
485; The 16th century rabbi (aka Judah Löw ben Bezulel, aka the Maharal) who, according to Jewish folklore, created a [[G#golem|golem]]. He used the golem as his weekday servant, removing the animating charm on Fridays so that it could rest on the Sabbath. He once forgot to do this and caught up with the golem in front of a synagogue and had to destroy it; Inn; 684

'''Rabbit in the Moon''' 
573; Herero myth elucidated in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=H#herero ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Raby''' 
100; Old Hell-Cat of (aka Elizabeth, Lady Barnard), 505;

'''Raby Castle''' 
225; 233; 415

'''Ragusa''' 
223

'''Rajputana Marble''' 
624;

'''Raleigh's Tavern''' 
395; in Williamsburg; 572

'''Ralph''' 
643; dog

'''Ramillies''' 
28; 34; Wig worn by Maire, 227, 550

'''Randwick''' 
167; small village about a mile northwest of Stroud. Home of the Randwick Wap and associated [http://www.randwick.org.uk/rolling.htm|Cheese rolling].

'''Ranelagh''' 
140; Ranelagh Gardens in Chelsea, a "place of public amusement," notorious for
having a "low" tone (prostitution) when night fell. It frequently pops
up in 18c metropolitan fiction, along with Vauxhall Gardens which sounds
even worse (or better, depending on your point of view).

'''Randwick''' 
167; location of parish church where Mason met Rebekah

'''Rappahannock''' 
458; River running SE from Fredericksburg to Chesapeake Bay between the Potomac and York Rivers, which forms the southern border of Virginia's Northern neck.

'''Rashi''' 
486; Rashi is the acronymic cognomen of Rabbi Shlomo Yitzhaki (1140-1205), the most highly regarded (in Jewish circles) Scriptural/Talmudic commentator. The Rashi citation given in ''M&D'' is incorrect, although the grammatical point being made is correct.

'''Rationalist''' 
236

'''Rayltons''' 
43; Quaker family in Durham

'''R.C.''' 
321 "local land surveyor employ'd upon the Tangent Enigma" who swallows
Emerson's Chronometer

'''''Rebecca''''' 
177; brig seen by Mason in a Chronoscope in Jenkin's Ear Museum

'''''Rebel Weaver, The''''' 
292

'''Redemptioners''' 
393

'''Reduced to Certainty''' 
45; 177; 182; 636; 650

<div id="Redzinger"></div>'''Redzinger, Frau Luise''' 
354; woman with daughter, of Coniwingo; sister Liesele in Bethlehem, 356;
"incorruptible pietist" 383; 479

:"Red Zinger" is the name of a tea put out by Celestial Seasonings. From the box: "Red Zinger is the classic...the original herb tea with the zesty taste that first won hearts more than 20 years ago. Its snappy flavor and rich red color come from the authentic blend of hibiscus flowers, wild rosehips and lemon grass. Red Zinger is a time-honored favorite with a 100% natural burst of excitement. And its vivid energy and wholesome style have always reflected the comfortable side of individualism. Savor it steaming hot at a chilly morning's breakfast table or ice cold in a warm evening's porch swing."

'''Redzinger, Mitzi''' 
354; daughter of Luise & Peter; named, 360; with Dimdown, 386-87; 636

'''Redzinger, Peter''' 
357; Luise's crazy husband; 479; 636

'''Reginald''' 
588; John Lambton's friend

'''representation''' 
195;

'''Restless Bee, The''' 
304; Philadelphia Coffee House; 311

'''Restoration''' 
226; in England, the recall of the Stuarts to the throne in 1660 in the person of Charles II, bringing the Puritan Commonwealth to an end. Culture and the arts flourished in the absence of Puritan restraints.

'''Return''' 
263; 523; 630; 656; 683

'''Revers''' 
728;

'''Riband''' 
683

<div id="Ridotto"></div>'''Ridotto''' 
71; a gathering for music and dancing, often in masquerade, popular in 18th
century England; at Capetown, 71; at New Castle 338; at Lepton Castle, 410

'''Rilke''' 
232; echoes of in "once and once only"

'''''Ritornelli''''' 
263

'''Rix Dollar''' 
69; (Sw. riksdaler, or Dan. rigsdaler, or Dutch rijksdaalder - lit. "dollar of the empire or realm") A name given to several different silver coins of Denmark, Norway, Sweden, Holland - varying in value from about 30 cents to $1.10; also, a British coin worth about 36 cents, used in Ceylon and at the Cape of Good Hope

'''Robertson, Colonel''' 
304; and his Regiment of Highlanders

'''Rockingham Whips''' 
294

'''Rollright, Mrs.''' 
109

'''Roman Whore''' 
164; English epithet for the Catholic Church, the religion of the hated French; the adoption of "Roman Whore's Time" was Protestant England's long-delayed adoption of Pope Gregory XIII's reform (1582) of the Julian calendar which resulted in the loss of [[E#eleven|eleven days]]; 190; "Rome, and the Whore-House they call a Church" 231

'''''Rongy''''' 
552; Hungarian for 'good-for-nothing'

'''Roaring Dot''' 
566; "Belle of the Harbor"

'''Rose Quartz Monument''' 
334; 441

'''Rosicrucians''' 
612; Bavarian

'''Rout''' 
71; 18th cent.: a fashionable gathering; in Chelsea, 109

'''Routinization of Charisma''' 
231; 233; 345; 487-88; 741

'''Royal Baby''' 
56; "Kissing the Royal Baby" was a hazing ritual aboard sailing ships and, in modified form, still occurs to this day; [[Kissing the Royal Baby|Here's the drill]];179
cf. Major Marvy and Bloody Chiclitz in GR 558, contract for staging equator-crossing ceremonies

'''Royal Society''' 
42; The premier scientific society in England, established in 1660, arose out of meetings of philosophers and scientists began at Gresham College in 1645;
fellowship of the R.S. is the most coveted honour among scientists; 45; 247;
251; 270; 359; 770

'''R.P.H.''' 
296; "Red Pubick Hair," the width of which will be the M-D West Line; 476

'''rubescent''' 
568; down-home, folksy; also, becoming red, reddening

'''Rubicon''' 
663; "Cheat is the"; Point of no return

'''Ruby of Mogok''' 
7;

'''Rufus''' 
722;

''' Ruggiero''' 
223; "mio caro Ruggiero" (Italian: "my dear Roger")

'''Ruined Officer, The''' 
165; Mason's local on St. Helena

'''"Rule Brittania"''' 
53; 177

'''Rush, Brooks''' 
577

'''Rush, Flint''' 
577

'''''Rutabageous Anaemia''''' 
33; i.e., poverty, as in "you can't squeeze blood out of a turnip" (a rutabaga is a turnip)

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 54: 525-541

2013-05-09T14:08:59Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 538 */ Daffy's Elixir and laudanum

__TOC__

==Page 525==
'''''Maquilleuses''''' 
Make-up Artist

'''"ev'ryone here has serv'd upon that Station"''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_15:_158-166#Page_158 158].

==Page 527==
'''The Ghastly Fop''' 
Here we finally learn what the Ghastly Fop is all about.

Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_17:_175-182#Page_178 178], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_46:_452-459#Page_457 457].

'''Hampstead''' 
Hampstead is an area of London, England, located 4 miles (6.4 km) north-west of Charing Cross. It is located within Inner London. It is part of the London Borough of Camden. It is known for its intellectual, artistic, musical and literary associations and for the large and hilly parkland Hampstead Heath. It is also home to some of the most expensive housing in the London area, or indeed anywhere in the world, with large houses regularly listed for sale at over twenty million pounds. The village of Hampstead has more millionaires within its boundaries than any other area of the United Kingdom. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hampstead WIKI]

'''One Motrix''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_45:_448-451#Page_451 451].

'''Ranelagh''' 
Ranelagh Gardens were public pleasure gardens located in Chelsea, then just outside London, England in the eighteenth century, named after Ranelagh House, home of the Cole family, who took their title (Earls of Ranelagh) from the district in County Dublin. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ranelagh_Gardens WIKI]

'''Thornton-le-Beans''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_23:_228-237#Page_232 232].

'''Slad''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_502 502].

'''largely Paper Vengeance, he not only traverses...''' 
Writing injustice largely on paper with that Pynchon word.....what reminds
thee of?

'''Grub-Street''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_500 500].

==Page 528==
'''their Wonderful Telegraph''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_515 515].

'''Bolsters''' 
A bolster (etymology: Middle English, derived from Old English, and before that the Germanic word bulgstraz) is a long narrow pillow or cushion filled with cotton, down, or fibre. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bolsters WIKI]

'''Berm''' 
A berm is a level space, shelf, or raised barrier separating two areas. Berm is a loanword from Dutch. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Berm WIKI]

==Page 530==
'''Zhang''' 
First mentioned on page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_13:_125-145#Page_142 142].

==Page 531==
'''Six Nations''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_53:_511-524#Page_513 513].

'''gain'd the Mohawk''' 
Mohawk meaning "eaters of men" (Kanienkeh, Kanienkehaka or Kanien’Kahake, meaning "People of the Flint") are an indigenous people of North America originally from the Mohawk Valley in upstate New York to southern Quebec and eastern Ontario. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_nation WIKI]

'''Captain Zhang''' 
See [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_530 previous page].

'''''Luo-Pan''''' [[File:Loupan.jpg|200px|thumb|right|Loupan]]
Luopan is a Chinese magnetic compass, also known as a Feng Shui compass. It is used by a Feng Shui consultant to determine the precise direction of a structure or other item. Since the invention of the compass for use in Feng Shui, traditional feng shui has required its use. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luopan WIKI]

'''Fort Stanwix''' 
Fort Stanwix was a colonial fort whose construction was started on August 26, 1758, by British General John Stanwix, at the location of present-day Rome, New York, but was not completed until about 1762. The fort guarded a portage known as the Oneida Carrying Place during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Stanwix WIKI]

'''Johnson Castle''' 
During the second and third quarters of the 18th century, most of the Mohawks in the Province of New York lived along the Mohawk River at Canajoharie, a few lived at Schoharie, while the rest lived about 30 miles downstream at the Ticonderoga Castle also called Fort Hunter. The two settlements were traditionally called the Upper Castle and the Lower Castle. The Lower Castle was almost contiguous with Sir Peter Warren's Warrensbush. Sir William Johnson built his first house on the north bank of the Mohawk River almost opposite Warrensbush. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohawk_nation WIKI] - Also, see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_Fort_Johnson THIS]

==Page 532==
'''Irish Baronet''' 
A baronet (traditional abbreviation Bart, modern abbreviation Bt) or the rare female equivalent, a baronetess (abbreviation Btss), is the holder of a hereditary title awarded by the British Crown known as a baronetcy. The current practice of awarding baronetcies was originally introduced in England and Ireland by James I of England in 1611 in order to raise funds. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baronet WIKI]

'''Metallick Plate''' 
As it progressed, the expedition sought to strengthen France's claim to the territory by marking it at the mouths of principal tributaries. They did this by nailing a tin or copper plate bearing the French royal arms to a tree, and burying an inscribed leaden plate declaring the claims of France. This was a traditional European mode of marking territory, but it might have contributed to Native American anxieties about the intentions of the French, and thus ultimately had a counterproductive effect. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Celeron_De_Bienville WIKI]

Remember Washington's discussion with M&D, mentioning Celeron de Bienville. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_285 285].

'''Sir William''' [[File:SirWilliamJohnson.jpg|200px|thumb|right|This mezzotint of William Johnson was published in London in 1756.]]Sir William Johnson, 1st Baronet (c. 1715 – 11 July 1774) was an Irish-born official of the British Empire. As a young man, Johnson came to the Province of New York to manage an estate purchased by his uncle, Admiral Peter Warren, which was located amidst the Mohawks, one of the Six Nations of the Iroquois. Johnson learned the Mohawk language and became New York's agent to the Iroquois. Throughout his career as a British official among the Iroquois, Johnson combined personal business with official diplomacy, acquiring millions of acres of Native land and becoming very wealthy. Johnson commanded Iroquois and colonial militia forces during the French and Indian War. His role in the British victory at the Battle of Lake George in 1755 earned him a baronetcy; his capture of Fort Niagara from the French in 1759 brought him additional renown. In 1756, Johnson was commissioned as the superintendent of Indian affairs for the northern colonies. Serving in that role until his death, Johnson worked to keep American Indians attached to the British interest. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir_William_Johnson WIKI]

'''complicated Hand-shake''' 
Masons

==Page 533==
'''''mutatis mutandis''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_17:_175-182#Page_179 179].

==Page 534==
'''''Luo-Pan''''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_54:_525-541#Page_531 531].

==Page 535==
'''''Viudita''''' 
New/young widow

'''Battle of Leuthen''' 
In the Battle of Leuthen fought on 5 December 1757 Frederick the Great's Prussian army used maneuver and terrain to decisively defeat a much larger Austrian army under Charles of Lorraine, thus ensuring Prussian control of Silesia during the Seven Years' War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_leuthen WIKI]

'''Nadasdy Hussars''' 
Hussar refers to a number of types of light cavalry created in Hungary in the 15th century and used throughout Europe and in Latin America since the 18th century... Frederick II (later called "The Great") recognised the value of hussars as light cavalry and encouraged their recruitment. In 1741 he established a further five regiments, largely from Polish deserters. Three more regiments were raised for Prussian service in 1744 and another in 1758. While the hussars were increasingly drawn from Prussian and other German cavalrymen, they continued to wear the traditional Hungarian uniform, richly decorated with braid and gold trim. Possibly due to a daring and impudent surprise raid on his capital Berlin by the hussars of Hungarian general András Hadik, Frederick also recognized the national characteristics of his Hungarian recruits and in 1759 issued a royal order which warned the Prussian officers never to offend the self-esteem of his hussars with insults and abuses. At the same time he exempted the hussars from the usual disciplinary measures of the Prussian Army: physical punishments including cudgeling. Frederick used his hussars for reconnaissance duties and for surprise attacks against the enemy's flanks and rear. A hussar regiment under the command of Colonel Sigismund Dabasi-Halász won the Battle of Hohenfriedberg at Striegau on May 4, 1745, by attacking the Austrian combat formation on its flank and capturing its entire artillery. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hussars WIKI]

I believe this is in reference to hussars under Ferenc Nadasdy, otherwise known as the Black Prince. I couldnt strike up anything much linkable after much digging. Will try again later.

==Page 536==
'''what was about to emerge into the World from the Prussian Plains''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_377 377] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_46:_452-459#Page_453 453].

'''Ague''' 
I know there is a quick explanation in the book, but for a more detailed explanation, it is the chill you get when you have a fever.

'''Shawanese''' 
The Shawnee, Shaawanwaki, Shaawanooki and Shaawanowi lenaweeki, are a people native to North America. They originally inhabited the areas of Ohio, Virginia, West Virginia, Western Maryland, Kentucky, Indiana, and Pennsylvania. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawanese WIKI]

==Page 537==
'''Transmigration''' 
The idea of transmigration of the soul comes from the ancient Greeks. In transmigration after death, the soul, or shade, drinks from the river Lethe and loses all past memories of their previous life while in Hades, or underworld, and then moves (or transmigrates) into another human form and is reborn. It was thought the soul had been, and always would be, eternal, having no beginning or end. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmigration_of_the_soul WIKI]

'''Plato's Tale of Er''' 
The Myth of Er is an eschatological legend that concludes Plato's dialogue known as ''The Republic'' (10.614-10.621). The story includes an account of the cosmos and the afterlife that for many centuries greatly influenced religious, philosophical and scientific thought. The story begins as a man named Er dies in battle. When the bodies of those who died in the battle are collected, ten days after his death, Er remains undecomposed. Two days later he revives when on his funeral-pyre and tells of his journey in the afterlife, including an account of reincarnation and the celestial spheres of the astral plane. The tale introduces the idea that moral people are rewarded and immoral people punished after death. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myth_of_Er WIKI]

'''Lethe''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_25:_245-253#Page_253 253].

==Page 538==
'''Daffy's Elixir''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_267 267]. Another example of opposites; Dixon is buying a laxative based on alcohol for Mason, to cure constipation, and for himself, a cure for diarrhoea based on opium.

'''Habitué''' 
A regular

'''Pelhamite'''
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_21:_207-214#Page_209 209].

==Page 539==
'''Leadenhall Street''' 
Leadenhall Street is a major street in the City of London. It runs from Cornhill to Aldgate. Aldgate Pump is at the junction with Aldgate. Historically it has been the location of Lloyd's of London and the East India Company. The London Metal Exchange is located at number 56. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leadenhall_Street WIKI]

'''Peaches... East India''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_43:_436-439#Page_438 438].

==Page 540==
'''''kicsi káposta''''' 
Little cabbage

==Annotations Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 6: 47-57

2013-05-09T14:04:25Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 53 */ Hearts of Oak corrected

==Page 47==

'''Interdiction at sea''' 
Interdiction: Authoritative prohibition 
A court order prohibiting a party from doing a certain activity
- interdict: a sequential process that includes surveillance of often broad ocean areas''' 

'''Skanderoon''' 
Iskenderun, Turkish port, eastern Mediterranean.

'''Loxodrome''' 
Line of constant compass bearing on the surface of the Earth. A parallel of latitude is a loxodrome, but most great-circle arcs are not (the exceptions being the Equator and every meridian). Here, what you might call a bee-line.

==Page 48==

'''Caffeinist''' 
Anachronism (1830).

'''new Captain''' 
(Did the last one die of his wounds then?)

==Page 49==

'''Jolly Roger''' 

Flag with skull and crossbones, typically flown by pirates. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jolly_roger WIKI]

'''Mustard-Grinder''' 
Mustarder: one who dealt in buying and selling mustard 
GRINDER: one who operates a grinding machine in any of several trades 
From [http://homepages.rootsweb.com/~sam/occupation.html Colonial Occupations, online].

==Page 50==

'''Tenerife''' 

Spanish Island off the coast of Africa. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenerife WIKI].

'''the Lizard''' 

Peninsula of Cornwall, most southerly point of Great Britain. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Lizard WIKI]

'''Sutton Pool''' 

Plymouth harbor. [http://www.plymouthdata.info/SuttonPool.htm WIKI]

==Page 52==

'''Hautboy''' 

Or hautbois, French for oboe.

==Page 53==
'''Hearts of Oak''' 
More correctly, 'Heart of Oak', the anthem of the Royal Navy.

'''cheaply opiated Pint''' 
Yes, opium beer; cheap opium beer. Also in ATD.

'''Quantz Etude''' 
Johann Joachim Quantz [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann_Joachim_Quantz Wikipedia] (January 30, 1697–July 12, 1773) was a German flutist, flute maker and composer.

Quantz began his musical studies as a child with his uncle. He began to concentrate on the flute, performing more and more on the instrument. He gradually became known as the finest flautist in Europe, and toured France and England. He became flute teacher, flute maker and composer to Frederick II of Prussia (Frederick the Great) in 1740. He was an innovator in flute design, adding keys to the instrument to help with intonation (playing in tune), for example.

Although Quantz wrote many pieces of music, mainly for the flute (including around 300 flute concertos), he is best known today as the author of Versuch einer Anweisung die Flöte traversière zu spielen (1752), a treatise on flute playing. It is of great interest today as a source of information on performance practice and flute technique in the 18th century.

'''Etude''' An etude (from the French word étude meaning "study") is a short musical composition designed to provide practice in a particular technical skill in the performance of a solo instrument.

==Page 54==

'''Enemas of... Coffee''' 
(Cf AtD)

'''Slow-Matches''' 
Slow match, or matchcord, is rope impregnated with nitrates to make it burn slowly, evenly, and reliably despite wind or rain. When the trigger was pulled, a lever applied the burning rope to the powder in the priming pan, thus firing the gun. This drawing illustrates a musketeer aiming his gun, with the slow match smouldering at both ends. For the first few hundred years of firearms, this was the only way to shoot them. 
From the [http://www.metamuseum.com/us%5CSlowMatch/ Slow Match Website].

'''"Pat... O'Brian... acknowledg'd as the best Yarn-Spinner in all the Fleets."''' 

Patrick O'Brian (died in 2000) was a novelist mostly known for his nautical novels surrounding the Royal Navy during the Napoleonic Wars. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick_O%27Brian WIKI]

==Page 55==

'''Turk's Head''' 
A knot built on a cylinder (such as a rope) and having a woven appearance on the surface. Used decoratively or to create a grip. [http://www.amazon.com/Ashley-Book-Knots-Clifford/dp/057109659X/ref=sr_1_1/103-6132115-1362208?ie=UTF8&s=books&qid=1186416528&sr=8-1 ''Ashley's Book of Knots''] (published in the 1940s, still in print) describes dozens of forms. "A notable practical use for the Turk's head is to mark the "king spoke" of a ship's wheel; when this spoke is upright the rudder is in a central position" ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turk's_head_knot Wikipedia]).

'''Matthew Walker''' 
A knot tied in the strands of a rope, forming a projection or knob. The Matthew Walker is generally tied in the middle of the rope; the strands are then laid up again to the end. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew_Walker_knot pix on Wikipedia].

'''Mr. Higgs's Obsessedness as to Loose Ends''' 
Boatswain (pronounced "bo's'n") Higgs, on the frigate ''Seahorse'' is a pun on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Higgs_boson "Higgs boson" particle], aka "the God Particle", the existence of which was confirmed on July 10, 2012. As Mr. Higgs is obsessed with loose ends, so too were particle physicists obsessed with finding an instance of the Higgs boson particle which, although theorized in the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model Standard Model of particle physics], had not, until 2012, been detected. Thus was the loose end of the Higgs boson particle finally tied, although, this being Science, the discovery is not 100% certain. Although the new particle is "consistent with" the Higgs boson, scientists are cautious as to whether it is formally identified as actually being the Higgs boson, pending further analysis.

'''Jewel Block''' 
Naut.) block at the extremity of a yard, through which the halyard of a studding sail is rove.

==Page 56==

'''perfectly beneath us''' 
Astronomy 101 would have to flunk TRP-- anywhere in the Tropics the sun will be overhead on some days. At the Equator, only on the two equinoxes.

It pays to remember that this section is narrated by the Reverend Cherrycoke. He may well be embellishing the story in unrealistic ways for the children's entertainment. I find it unlikely that Pynchon himself would make such a mistake.

==Page 57==
'''attendant Inconvenience''' 
Others' wills and preferences which complicate one's fantasies of comeliness and willingness.

Note that [[B#bodine|Fender-Belly Bodine's]] ship, the H.M.S. Inconvenience appears again in 2006 in [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience ''Against the Day''].

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 33: 327-340

2013-05-07T21:37:37Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 330 */

==Page 327==
'''Benjamin Chew''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_297 297]

'''Whist''' 
Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. It derives from the 16th game of Trump or Ruff, via Ruff and Honours. Although the rules are extremely simple, there is enormous scope for scientific play. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist WIKI]

==Page 328==
'''In the Summer''' 
this puts the section from Page 327 to 330 as a flashforward to some summer in the future. In the Journal there is a meeting of the commissioners at Christiana Bridge to recognize M&Ds work on the Tangent Line on [[1764#November|November]] 21-25, 1764. I wouldn't call November Summer, though.

'''Juniata''' 
The Juniata River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 90 miles (145 km) long, in central Pennsylvania in the United States. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply-lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of Native American attacks against white settlements during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_River WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_310 310].

'''Proprietarian politics... Anti-Proprietarians''' 
The British kings repeatedly granted territory to an individual or a small group, rather than to a chartered company. These men, called proprietors, or sometimes "Lords Proprietors", were invested not only with property under private law but also with gubernatorial authority to administer it with extraordinary authority, somewhat recalling the earl palatine before the Glorious Revolution. The method was most notably used during the early colonization along the Atlantic coasts of North America and the Caribbean by Great Britain. A good example is the Province of Pennsylvania, granted to William Penn (the state still bears the name meaning "woodlands of Penn") by King Charles II of England. This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the English Sovereigns sought to concentrate their power and authority, and the colonies were converted to crown colonies, i.e. governed by officials appointed by the King. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_colony WIKI]

'''Field of Duck-Green, not to mention reliable Magenta''' 
This combined color motif of bright green and magenta comes up several times in ''Inherent Vice'' and also appears on the dust jacket of the book. Indeed Pynchon works this visual gag into almost every novel, with numerous mentions in GR - see 'Magenta and Green', [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M GRwiki].

==Page 329==
'''Sugar-Islands''' 
The exploitation of the Caribbean landscape dates back to the Spanish conquistadors around 1600 who mined the islands for gold which they brought back to Spain. The more significant development came when Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain that the islands were made for sugar development. The history of Caribbean agricultural dependency is closely linked with European colonialism which altered the financial potential of the region by introducing a plantation system. Much like the Spanish enslaved indigenous Indians to work in gold mines, the seventeenth brought a new series of oppressors in the form of the Dutch, the English, and the French. By the middle of the eighteenth century sugar was Britain's largest import which made the Caribbean that much more important as a colony. The “New World” plantations were established in order to fulfill the growing needs of the “Old World”. The sugar plantations were built with the intention of exporting the sugar back to Britain which is why the British did not need to stimulate local demand for the sugar with wages. A system of slavery was adapted since it allowed the colonizer to have an abundant work force with little worry about declining demands for sugar. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean WIKI]

'''"A sweetness of immorality and corruption."''' 
This conspiratorial talking about sugar boycotts makes me think that the events of these pages are happening after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Act Sugar Act] of [[1764#April|April]] 5, 1764.

==Page 330==
'''''Macaronic'' profession''' 
Acting like a 'macaroni', a man whose principal interest in life is to be fashionable - as in the song 'Yankee Doodle'; 'He stuck a feather in his cap / And called it macaroni'. (A macaronic - noun not adjective - is a song in more than one language, found in GR with this usage incorrectly spelled as 'macronic'.)

'''Topick of Virtual Representation''' 
In the early stages of the American Revolution, colonists in North America followed rules imposed upon them by the British Parliament because the colonies were not represented in Parliament. According to the British constitution, colonists argued, taxes could only be levied on British subjects with their consent. Because the colonists were represented only in their provincial assemblies, they said, only those legislatures could levy taxes in the colonies. This concept was famously expressed as "No taxation without representation." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_representation WIKI]

'''Fort Pitt''' [[Image:BraddocksDefeat.jpg|thumb|Braddock's Defeat|right]]Fort Pitt was a fort in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The fort was built in 1758 during the French and Indian War, next to the site of Fort Duquesne. The French built Fort Duquesne in 1754, at the beginning of that war, and it became a focal point due to its strategic river location. The Braddock expedition, a 1755 attempt to take Fort Duquesne, met with a bloody repulse at the Monongahela River. The French garrison viciously mauled an attacking British regiment in September 1758, but abandoned and destroyed the fort at the approach of General John Forbes's expedition in November. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania) WIKI]

''''Tis the year '55 all over... after Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_309 309].

'''Sun, [[1764#January|January]] 8, 1764''' 
from the journal: "Fixed on the house of Mr. John Harland's (about 31 miles West of Philadelphia) to bring our instruments to." However, it appears that they actually returned to Philadelphia on the 9th to get the observatory and tools and then returned to the Harlands on the 14th where they "set up the sector in his Garden (inclosed in a tent), and in the Evening brought the Instruments into the Meridian, and took the following observations..." 

'''setting up their observatory at John Harland's farm''' 
See the [http://wikimapia.org/13906779/Stargazer-s-Stone LINK]

==Page 333==

'''"By February..." [[1764#February|February]] 28th, 1764 

'''"In March a Company of Axmen...clear a Visto..." [[1764#March|March]] 17- [[1764#April|April]] 12, 1764'''

'''Alexander Bryant's farm''' 
Listed as Alexander ''Bryan'' in the Journal and all historical records. See this [http://www.whiteclayfriends.org/mason_and_dixon.php LINK] for much more info pertaining to M&D around this time.

==Page 334==
'''a newly-set chunk of Rose Quartz''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_440 440] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''By June...they are instructed to proceed...''' 
They set out on [[1764#June|June]] 13, 1764.

'''Tangent Line''' 
[http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/#fig6 diagram] 

'''Nanticoke''' 
The Nanticoke River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula. It rises in southern Kent County, Delaware, flows through Sussex County, Delaware, and forms the boundary between Dorchester County, Maryland and Wicomico County, Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke_River WIKI]

'''Great Cypress Swamp''' 
The Great Cypress Swamp (also known as Great Pocomoke Swamp, Cypress Swamp, or Big Cypress Swamp), is a forested freshwater swamp located on the Delmarva Peninsula in South Delaware and Southeastern Maryland... It is the northernmost of the southern swamps and one of many along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It covers about 50 square miles (130 km2), mostly in southern Sussex County, Delaware. It is the source of the Pocomoke River, which flows south, and Pepper Creek, which flows northeast. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Cypress_Swamp WIKI]

'''"Middle Point"''' 
Mason and Dixon confirmed earlier survey work which delineated Delaware's southern boundary from the Atlantic Ocean to the ”Middle Point” stone (along what is today known as the Transpeninsular Line). They proceeded nearly due north from this to the Pennsylvania border. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_dixon_line WIKI]

==Page 335==

'''centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle''' 
[http://www.newcastlecity.net/visitors/bldgs.html#Courthouse Courthouse]
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=+211+Delaware+Street,+New+Castle,+DE&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.659801,-75.563643&spn=0.004072,0.010664&om=1 location][http://www.state.de.us/gic/photos/collections/historic/810.shtml photo]

'''Charles II''' 
Charles II (29 May 1630 OS – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England WIKI]

'''the younger William Penn''' 
William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. State of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his good relations and his treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn WIKI]

==Page 336==

'''Fermat's Last Theorem''' 
In 1636, Fermat claimed--but never offered--a clever proof to a seemingly obvious math theorem. The theorem notes that squared numbers can be created by adding two other squares, as in the Pythagorean right-angled tringle 25 (5x5) = 16 (4x4) + 9 (3x3). The theorem states that this cannot be done with any power higher than 2. "The fact that the problem's statement is understandable by schoolchildren makes it all the more frustrating, and it has probably generated more incorrect proofs than any other problem in the history of mathematics. No correct proof was found for 357 years, when a proof was finally published by Andrew Wiles in 1994" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_last_theorem Wikipedia].

'''Finial upon something of Mr. Chippendale's''' 
Finial - "Forming the crown or completion; crowning" (ODE)
Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''the dead Hand of the second James''' 
"James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, and Kingdom of Ireland. Many of his subjects distrusted his religious policies and supposed despotism, leading a group of them to depose him in the Glorious Revolution. He was replaced not by his Roman Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, Mary II and William III, who became joint rulers in 1689. The belief that James — not William III or Mary II — was the legitimate ruler became known as [[J#Jacobites|Jacobitism]] (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James)" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England Wikipedia]

'''the other Fictions that govern'd that unhappy Monarch's Life''' 
Are the fictions Jacobitism and Catholicism (per the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke |Rev. Cherrycoke's]] POV)?

'''acufloral Meditations''' 
Acufloral is treatment (think acupressure) using floral essences on specific meridian points- however, I am going to gather that here, Pynchon is alluding to Tenebrae's stitching of a floral pattern using pins (ie. acupuncture-like).

'''Fescue''' 
A pointer, used for lessons with children.

Is this a purposeful hearkening of the sexual tensions related to the Fescue on [[Chapter 9: 87-93|pages 92-93]]?

==Page 337==

'''[[H#Head of Elk|Head of Elk]]''' 
Refers to the head of Maryland's Elk River. It flows through
Cecil County and into Chesapeake Bay in the NE corner of Maryland just west
of the Delaware border. Head of Elk was of strategic significance in the
Revolutionary War: [http://www.ushistory.org/march/phila/elk.htm MORE]

Also, the town of Elkton, a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States... It was formerly called Head of Elk because it is located at the head of navigation on the Elk River, which flows into the nearby Chesapeake Bay. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkton,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Calvert agents''' 
Calverts were settlers of Maryland, named after the colony's proprietor, George Calvert. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225]; page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301]

'''Duke of York''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_336 336] - James II entry

==Page 338==
'''hypnagogic''' 
"The state of intermediate consciousness preceding sleep" (American Heritage Dictionary), associated with hallucinations.

'''fifteen years ago in the era of Don Vicente Lopez''' 
Who is Don Vicente Lopez? 
Vicente Antonio Lopez, 1745-1802 [http://cybergata.com/roots/6809.htm] The dates sorta work, but this Vicente Lopez seems wrong, however, since this Vicente Lopez does not seem to have had an era named after him. Please delete if this is irrelevant.

'''The great Scepter atop the Court House''' 
See "...centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle..." on page 335, above.

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridotto]] 
A gathering for music and dancing, often in masquerade, popular in 18th century England.

==Page 339==
'''waking each [[G#Glaucous|glaucous]] Dawn into sweat and stillness''' 
Glaucous describes color: a green that has been dulled bluish and grayish. Botanically, it describes green vegetation, dulled with powdery bloom.

'''Catterick''' 
Catterick, sometimes Catterick Village to distinguish it from the nearby Catterick Garrison, is a village in North Yorkshire. It dates back to Roman times, when Cataractonium was a Roman fort protecting the crossing of the Great North Road and Dere Street over the River Swale. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catterick,_North_Yorkshire WIKI]

'''Binchester''' 
Binchester Roman Fort (called Vinovia by the Romans) is situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River Wear in County Durham, England. The fort was the site of a hamlet until the late middle-ages, but the modern-day village of Binchester is about 2 miles (3 km) to the east, near Spennymoor. The fort was established to guard the crossing of the River Wear by Dere Street, the main Roman road between York, Hadrian's Wall and Scotland, and also the fort's via principalis. It was the largest Roman fort in County Durham, but only a relatively small part of its centre has been excavated and is open to the public. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binchester_Roman_Fort WIKI]

'''Lanchester''' 
Longovicium (or Lanchester Roman Fort) was an auxiliary castra on Dere Street, in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior (Upper Britain - The Romans judged distances by proximity to Rome, therefore north England is inferior as it is farther away). Its ruins are located at Lanchester in the English county of Durham, roughly 8 miles (13 km) to the west of the city of Durham and 5 miles (8 km) from Consett. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longovicium WIKI]

'''we must stand in [[G#Glaur| Glaur]] of uncertain Depth''' 
Glaur: "liquid mud of the filthiest sort" -- Northumbld. Gloss, 1893 (per OED); lowland Scots for mud. "A fool with his eyes in the glaur" (p. 229) is a Pynchonian way of saying "A man of little foresight."

'''In August they finally go chaining past the eighty-one-mile mark...''' 
happens on [[1764#August|August]] 25, 1764.

==Page 340==
'''Lancaster''' 
Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the county seat of Lancaster County... Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''"''Ehw'' deah..."''' 
Oh dear, with exaggerated upper-class elocution.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

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2013-05-07T21:01:46Z

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__TOC__

==Page 452==
'''Octarara''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_352 352].

==Page 453==
'''Prussian Army''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_377 377].

'''Ehud''' 
The name "Ehud" is not attested as a first name among Jews until the 20th Century. However, Zionism—as part of its nation-building process—strongly encouraged using the names of Jewish heroes and warriors of ancient times, including that of Ehud. As a result, it has become a common name in contemporary Israel.

Ehud ben‑Gera (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בֶּן‑גֵּרָא‎, Standard Ehud ben‑Gera Tiberian ʾĒhûḏ ben‑Gērāʾ; in the Biblical Book of Judges (3:12–4:1) was the judge who fought against the Moabites, which were ruled by King Eglon. Ehud had made a short double-edged sword about a foot and a half long useful for a stabbing thrust. He then hid the sword by strapping it to his right thigh under his clothing and met the king under the pretense of giving him tribute. Being left-handed, he could conceal the sword on the side where it was not expected. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud WIKI]

==Page 455==
'''College in Williamsburg''' 
The College of William & Mary in Virginia (colloquially known as The College of William & Mary, The College, William & Mary, or W&M) is a public research university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary WIKI]

'''Macheath''' 
A character in ''The Beggar's Opera''. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

The Peachums discover that Polly, their daughter, has secretly married Macheath, the famous highwayman. They ask how she will support such a husband "in Gaming, Drinking and Whoring". Nevertheless, they conclude that the match may make sense if the husband can be killed for his money. They leave to carry out this errand. However, Polly has hidden Macheath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macheath WIKI]

'''Factotum''' 
A factotum is a general servant or a person having many diverse activities or responsibilities. The word derives from the Latin command (imperative construction) fac totum ("do/make everything"). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factotum WIKI]

'''Mrs. Eggslap''' 
"EGGSLAP" is the mnemonic we learned in Quiz Bowl team for the seven
deadly sins: envy, greed, gluttony, sloth, lust, anger and pride - from Anville Azote, Pynchon-L.

'''"Yingle-Yangle"''' 
Yin and Yang - in Swedish?

==Page 456==
'''Pile of Accompts''' 
Pile of Accounts, from root "computus", to add up, etc.

'''Moses supposes''' 
Anachronous allusion to a key song in the movie ''Singin' in the Rain'' starring Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor and Debbie Reynolds. 1952. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_in_the_rain Wikipedia]. Gene Kelly is credited with the catchy, humorous lyrics: 

"Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
Moses he knowses his toeses aren't roses, 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be!... 
A mose is a mose! 
A rose is a rose! 
A toes is a toes! 
Hooptie doodie doodle 
(etc. simile ad nauseam)

Talk about his characters "breaking into silly songs," as Pynchon does in his
words about ATD...

'''hasty Puddin'''' 
Hasty pudding is a porridge-like dish of cooked grain. It is now most often associated with the American version made of ground maize or corn, but may have started out as an English oat porridge. Hasty pudding was used as a term for an oatmeal porridge in England when Hannah Glasse wrote her 18th-century book The Art of Cookery. 

Also known as corn mush or Indian mush, hasty pudding in its simplest form is corn meal cooked slowly in water until it thickens. It may be eaten hot, or left to cool and solidify. Slices of the cold pudding may then be fried. Hasty pudding was once a popular American food because of its low cost, long shelf life, and versatility, and was eaten with both sweet and savory accompaniments, such as maple syrup, molasses, or salted meat. Count Rumford, an American inventor who disapproved of the Revolution and went to live in Europe, still liked his hasty pudding, hot, in a bowl of milk. 

Hasty pudding, itself, is memorialized in a verse of the early American song "Yankee Doodle": 

Father and I went down to camp 
Along with Captain Goodin, 
And there we saw the men and boys 
As thick as hasty puddin'

'''Jasmine Absolute''' 
Absolute is the solvent extracted product of Jasmine. It is rendered through the process explained by Mandy Aftel, quoted below. The solvent extracts are supplied from the Jasmine extraction units located in South India where several thousand acres of Jasmine farms exist in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

"Flowers are placed on racks in a hermetically sealed container. A liquid solvent, usually hexane, is circulated over the flowers to dissolve the essential oils. This produces a solid waxy paste called a 'concrete'. The concrete is then repeatedly treated with pure alcohol (ethanol) which dissolves the wax and yields the highly aromatic liquid known as an absolute. This method is also used for extracting resins and balsams and for rendering the animal essences, such as civet, musk, ambergris and castoreum." - (source: Mandy Aftel, ''Essence and Alchemy''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_mallige#Jasmine_absolute WIKI]

==Page 457==
'''''The Ghastly Fop''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_17:_175-182#Page_178 178] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347].

==Page 458==
'''Tidewater''' 
The Tidewater region of Virginia is a term used to refer to the eastern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The term "Tidewater" may be correctly applied to all portions of Virginia where the water level is affected by the tides. In general, this is most of the land east of I-95, which runs between major cities along the fall line, and north of U.S. 460. It includes Hampton Roads, the rest of the Virginia Peninsula, the Middle Peninsula, the Northern Neck, and the Eastern Shore. Most people of the southeastern area of Virginia refer to Tidewater as the areas of Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hampton, Newport News, James City County, Yorktown, Poquoson, Williamsburg , and Gloucester. Collectively, these localities are understood to form Hampton Roads. Planters in the early American colonies extended their tobacco productions above the "fall line," where waterfalls or rapids mark the end of the Tidewater and the beginning of the foothill region known as the Piedmont. By 1700s, slaves were included in a majority of upcountry households and as many as three-quarters of the households in the Tidewater. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_region_of_Virginia WIKI]

'''Milkmaid's Douceur''' 
Milkmaid's Sweetness (Softness, Gentleness, Smoothness, etc)

'''Specie''' 
Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity out of which it is made. It is objects that have value in themselves as well as for use as money. Examples of commodities that have been used as mediums of exchange include gold, silver, copper, salt, peppercorns, large stones, decorated belts, shells, alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, candy, barley etc. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie WIKI], which also gives 'Coins or other metal money in mass circulation' as one of several disparate usages.

'''''The Beggar's Opera''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_46:_452-459#Page_455 455].

==Page 459==
'''Tailor of Gloucester's Mice''' 
Reference to children's novel by Beatrix Potter titled ''The Tailor of Gloucester'' in which the mice living in the tailor's quarters help him finish his work. It seems, however, that the basic tale may have been around for some time as apparently Beatrix first heard it from a cousin, then adapted it: from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailor_of_Gloucester WIKI]: Potter had heard of this story while visiting a cousin, Caroline Hutton, though in fact the work had been secretly done by the tailor's very human assistants.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 46: 452-459

2013-05-07T20:56:24Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 456 */

__TOC__

==Page 452==
'''Octarara''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_352 352].

==Page 453==
'''Prussian Army''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_377 377].

'''Ehud''' 
The name "Ehud" is not attested as a first name among Jews until the 20th Century. However, Zionism—as part of its nation-building process—strongly encouraged using the names of Jewish heroes and warriors of ancient times, including that of Ehud. As a result, it has become a common name in contemporary Israel.

Ehud ben‑Gera (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בֶּן‑גֵּרָא‎, Standard Ehud ben‑Gera Tiberian ʾĒhûḏ ben‑Gērāʾ; in the Biblical Book of Judges (3:12–4:1) was the judge who fought against the Moabites, which were ruled by King Eglon. Ehud had made a short double-edged sword about a foot and a half long useful for a stabbing thrust. He then hid the sword by strapping it to his right thigh under his clothing and met the king under the pretense of giving him tribute. Being left-handed, he could conceal the sword on the side where it was not expected. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud WIKI]

==Page 455==
'''College in Williamsburg''' 
The College of William & Mary in Virginia (colloquially known as The College of William & Mary, The College, William & Mary, or W&M) is a public research university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary WIKI]

'''Macheath''' 
A character in ''The Beggar's Opera''. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

The Peachums discover that Polly, their daughter, has secretly married Macheath, the famous highwayman. They ask how she will support such a husband "in Gaming, Drinking and Whoring". Nevertheless, they conclude that the match may make sense if the husband can be killed for his money. They leave to carry out this errand. However, Polly has hidden Macheath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macheath WIKI]

'''Factotum''' 
A factotum is a general servant or a person having many diverse activities or responsibilities. The word derives from the Latin command (imperative construction) fac totum ("do/make everything"). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factotum WIKI]

'''Mrs. Eggslap''' 
"EGGSLAP" is the mnemonic we learned in Quiz Bowl team for the seven
deadly sins: envy, greed, gluttony, sloth, lust, anger and pride - from Anville Azote, Pynchon-L.

'''"Yingle-Yangle"''' 
Yin and Yang - in Swedish?

==Page 456==
'''Pile of Accompts''' 
Pile of Accounts, from root "computus", to add up, etc.

'''Moses supposes''' 
Anachronous allusion to a key song in the movie ''Singin' in the Rain'' starring Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor and Debbie Reynolds. 1952. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_in_the_rain Wikipedia]. Gene Kelly is credited with the catchy, humorous lyrics: 

"Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
Moses he knowses his toeses aren't roses, 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be!... 
A mose is a mose! 
A rose is a rose! 
A toes is a toes! 
Hooptie doodie doodle 
(etc. simile ad nauseam)

Talk about his characters "breaking into silly songs," as Pynchon does in his
words about ATD...

'''hasty Puddin'''' 
Hasty pudding is a porridge-like dish of cooked grain. It is now most often associated with the American version made of ground maize or corn, but may have started out as an English oat porridge. Hasty pudding was used as a term for an oatmeal porridge in England when Hannah Glasse wrote her 18th-century book The Art of Cookery. 

Also known as corn mush or Indian mush, hasty pudding in its simplest form is corn meal cooked slowly in water until it thickens. It may be eaten hot, or left to cool and solidify. Slices of the cold pudding may then be fried. Hasty pudding was once a popular American food because of its low cost, long shelf life, and versatility, and was eaten with both sweet and savory accompaniments, such as maple syrup, molasses, or salted meat. Count Rumford, an American inventor who disapproved of the Revolution and went to live in Europe, still liked his hasty pudding, hot, in a bowl of milk. 

Hasty pudding, itself, is memorialized in a verse of the early American song "Yankee Doodle": 

Father and I went down to camp 
Along with Captain Goodin, 
And there we saw the men and boys 
As thick as hasty puddin'

'''Jasmine Absolute''' 
Absolute is the solvent extracted product of Jasmine. It is rendered through the process explained by Mandy Aftel, quoted below. The solvent extracts are supplied from the Jasmine extraction units located in South India where several thousand acres of Jasmine farms exist in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

"Flowers are placed on racks in a hermetically sealed container. A liquid solvent, usually hexane, is circulated over the flowers to dissolve the essential oils. This produces a solid waxy paste called a 'concrete'. The concrete is then repeatedly treated with pure alcohol (ethanol) which dissolves the wax and yields the highly aromatic liquid known as an absolute. This method is also used for extracting resins and balsams and for rendering the animal essences, such as civet, musk, ambergris and castoreum." - (source: Mandy Aftel, ''Essence and Alchemy''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_mallige#Jasmine_absolute WIKI]

==Page 457==
'''''The Ghastly Fop''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_17:_175-182#Page_178 178] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347].

==Page 458==
'''Tidewater''' 
The Tidewater region of Virginia is a term used to refer to the eastern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The term "Tidewater" may be correctly applied to all portions of Virginia where the water level is affected by the tides. In general, this is most of the land east of I-95, which runs between major cities along the fall line, and north of U.S. 460. It includes Hampton Roads, the rest of the Virginia Peninsula, the Middle Peninsula, the Northern Neck, and the Eastern Shore. Most people of the southeastern area of Virginia refer to Tidewater as the areas of Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hampton, Newport News, James City County, Yorktown, Poquoson, Williamsburg , and Gloucester. Collectively, these localities are understood to form Hampton Roads. Planters in the early American colonies extended their tobacco productions above the "fall line," where waterfalls or rapids mark the end of the Tidewater and the beginning of the foothill region known as the Piedmont. By 1700s, slaves were included in a majority of upcountry households and as many as three-quarters of the households in the Tidewater. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_region_of_Virginia WIKI]

'''Milkmaid's Douceur''' 
Milkmaid's Sweetness (Softness, Gentleness, Smoothness, etc)

'''Specie''' 
Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity out of which it is made. It is objects that have value in themselves as well as for use as money. Examples of commodities that have been used as mediums of exchange include gold, silver, copper, salt, peppercorns, large stones, decorated belts, shells, alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, candy, barley etc. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie WIKI]

'''''The Beggar's Opera''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_46:_452-459#Page_455 455].

==Page 459==
'''Tailor of Gloucester's Mice''' 
Reference to children's novel by Beatrix Potter titled ''The Tailor of Gloucester'' in which the mice living in the tailor's quarters help him finish his work. It seems, however, that the basic tale may have been around for some time as apparently Beatrix first heard it from a cousin, then adapted it: from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailor_of_Gloucester WIKI]: Potter had heard of this story while visiting a cousin, Caroline Hutton, though in fact the work had been secretly done by the tailor's very human assistants.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 46: 452-459

2013-05-07T20:54:20Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 456 */

__TOC__

==Page 452==
'''Octarara''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_352 352].

==Page 453==
'''Prussian Army''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_377 377].

'''Ehud''' 
The name "Ehud" is not attested as a first name among Jews until the 20th Century. However, Zionism—as part of its nation-building process—strongly encouraged using the names of Jewish heroes and warriors of ancient times, including that of Ehud. As a result, it has become a common name in contemporary Israel.

Ehud ben‑Gera (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בֶּן‑גֵּרָא‎, Standard Ehud ben‑Gera Tiberian ʾĒhûḏ ben‑Gērāʾ; in the Biblical Book of Judges (3:12–4:1) was the judge who fought against the Moabites, which were ruled by King Eglon. Ehud had made a short double-edged sword about a foot and a half long useful for a stabbing thrust. He then hid the sword by strapping it to his right thigh under his clothing and met the king under the pretense of giving him tribute. Being left-handed, he could conceal the sword on the side where it was not expected. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud WIKI]

==Page 455==
'''College in Williamsburg''' 
The College of William & Mary in Virginia (colloquially known as The College of William & Mary, The College, William & Mary, or W&M) is a public research university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary WIKI]

'''Macheath''' 
A character in ''The Beggar's Opera''. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

The Peachums discover that Polly, their daughter, has secretly married Macheath, the famous highwayman. They ask how she will support such a husband "in Gaming, Drinking and Whoring". Nevertheless, they conclude that the match may make sense if the husband can be killed for his money. They leave to carry out this errand. However, Polly has hidden Macheath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macheath WIKI]

'''Factotum''' 
A factotum is a general servant or a person having many diverse activities or responsibilities. The word derives from the Latin command (imperative construction) fac totum ("do/make everything"). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factotum WIKI]

'''Mrs. Eggslap''' 
"EGGSLAP" is the mnemonic we learned in Quiz Bowl team for the seven
deadly sins: envy, greed, gluttony, sloth, lust, anger and pride - from Anville Azote, Pynchon-L.

'''"Yingle-Yangle"''' 
Yin and Yang - in Swedish?

==Page 456==
'''Pile of Accompts''' 
Pile of Accounts, from root "computus", to add up, etc.

'''Moses supposes''' 
Anachronous allusion to a key song in the movie ''Singin' in the Rain'' starring Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor and Debbie Reynolds. 1952. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_in_the_rain Wikipedia]. Gene Kelly is credited with the catchy, humorous lyrics: 
Artist: Gene Kelly,
Song: Moses Supposes 

"Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
Moses he knowses his toeses aren't roses, 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be! 
Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
A mose is a mose! 
A rose is a rose! 
A toes is a toes! 
Hooptie doodie doodle 
Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
For Moses he knowses his toeses arent roses, 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be! 
(etc. for a similar verse)

Talk about his characters "breaking into silly songs," as Pynchon does in his
words about ATD...

'''hasty Puddin'''' 
Hasty pudding is a porridge-like dish of cooked grain. It is now most often associated with the American version made of ground maize or corn, but may have started out as an English oat porridge. Hasty pudding was used as a term for an oatmeal porridge in England when Hannah Glasse wrote her 18th-century book The Art of Cookery. 

Also known as corn mush or Indian mush, hasty pudding in its simplest form is corn meal cooked slowly in water until it thickens. It may be eaten hot, or left to cool and solidify. Slices of the cold pudding may then be fried. Hasty pudding was once a popular American food because of its low cost, long shelf life, and versatility, and was eaten with both sweet and savory accompaniments, such as maple syrup, molasses, or salted meat. Count Rumford, an American inventor who disapproved of the Revolution and went to live in Europe, still liked his hasty pudding, hot, in a bowl of milk. 

Hasty pudding, itself, is memorialized in a verse of the early American song "Yankee Doodle": 

Father and I went down to camp 
Along with Captain Goodin, 
And there we saw the men and boys 
As thick as hasty puddin'

'''Jasmine Absolute''' 
Absolute is the solvent extracted product of Jasmine. It is rendered through the process explained by Mandy Aftel, quoted below. The solvent extracts are supplied from the Jasmine extraction units located in South India where several thousand acres of Jasmine farms exist in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

"Flowers are placed on racks in a hermetically sealed container. A liquid solvent, usually hexane, is circulated over the flowers to dissolve the essential oils. This produces a solid waxy paste called a 'concrete'. The concrete is then repeatedly treated with pure alcohol (ethanol) which dissolves the wax and yields the highly aromatic liquid known as an absolute. This method is also used for extracting resins and balsams and for rendering the animal essences, such as civet, musk, ambergris and castoreum." - (source: Mandy Aftel, ''Essence and Alchemy''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_mallige#Jasmine_absolute WIKI]

==Page 457==
'''''The Ghastly Fop''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_17:_175-182#Page_178 178] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347].

==Page 458==
'''Tidewater''' 
The Tidewater region of Virginia is a term used to refer to the eastern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The term "Tidewater" may be correctly applied to all portions of Virginia where the water level is affected by the tides. In general, this is most of the land east of I-95, which runs between major cities along the fall line, and north of U.S. 460. It includes Hampton Roads, the rest of the Virginia Peninsula, the Middle Peninsula, the Northern Neck, and the Eastern Shore. Most people of the southeastern area of Virginia refer to Tidewater as the areas of Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hampton, Newport News, James City County, Yorktown, Poquoson, Williamsburg , and Gloucester. Collectively, these localities are understood to form Hampton Roads. Planters in the early American colonies extended their tobacco productions above the "fall line," where waterfalls or rapids mark the end of the Tidewater and the beginning of the foothill region known as the Piedmont. By 1700s, slaves were included in a majority of upcountry households and as many as three-quarters of the households in the Tidewater. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_region_of_Virginia WIKI]

'''Milkmaid's Douceur''' 
Milkmaid's Sweetness (Softness, Gentleness, Smoothness, etc)

'''Specie''' 
Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity out of which it is made. It is objects that have value in themselves as well as for use as money. Examples of commodities that have been used as mediums of exchange include gold, silver, copper, salt, peppercorns, large stones, decorated belts, shells, alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, candy, barley etc. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie WIKI]

'''''The Beggar's Opera''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_46:_452-459#Page_455 455].

==Page 459==
'''Tailor of Gloucester's Mice''' 
Reference to children's novel by Beatrix Potter titled ''The Tailor of Gloucester'' in which the mice living in the tailor's quarters help him finish his work. It seems, however, that the basic tale may have been around for some time as apparently Beatrix first heard it from a cousin, then adapted it: from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailor_of_Gloucester WIKI]: Potter had heard of this story while visiting a cousin, Caroline Hutton, though in fact the work had been secretly done by the tailor's very human assistants.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 46: 452-459

2013-05-07T20:51:33Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 455 */

__TOC__

==Page 452==
'''Octarara''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_352 352].

==Page 453==
'''Prussian Army''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_377 377].

'''Ehud''' 
The name "Ehud" is not attested as a first name among Jews until the 20th Century. However, Zionism—as part of its nation-building process—strongly encouraged using the names of Jewish heroes and warriors of ancient times, including that of Ehud. As a result, it has become a common name in contemporary Israel.

Ehud ben‑Gera (Hebrew: אֵהוּד בֶּן‑גֵּרָא‎, Standard Ehud ben‑Gera Tiberian ʾĒhûḏ ben‑Gērāʾ; in the Biblical Book of Judges (3:12–4:1) was the judge who fought against the Moabites, which were ruled by King Eglon. Ehud had made a short double-edged sword about a foot and a half long useful for a stabbing thrust. He then hid the sword by strapping it to his right thigh under his clothing and met the king under the pretense of giving him tribute. Being left-handed, he could conceal the sword on the side where it was not expected. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ehud WIKI]

==Page 455==
'''College in Williamsburg''' 
The College of William & Mary in Virginia (colloquially known as The College of William & Mary, The College, William & Mary, or W&M) is a public research university located in Williamsburg, Virginia, United States. Founded in 1693 by a Royal Charter issued by King William III and Queen Mary II, it is the second-oldest institution of higher education in the United States. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_College_of_William_%26_Mary WIKI]

'''Macheath''' 
A character in ''The Beggar's Opera''. See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

The Peachums discover that Polly, their daughter, has secretly married Macheath, the famous highwayman. They ask how she will support such a husband "in Gaming, Drinking and Whoring". Nevertheless, they conclude that the match may make sense if the husband can be killed for his money. They leave to carry out this errand. However, Polly has hidden Macheath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macheath WIKI]

'''Factotum''' 
A factotum is a general servant or a person having many diverse activities or responsibilities. The word derives from the Latin command (imperative construction) fac totum ("do/make everything"). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Factotum WIKI]

'''Mrs. Eggslap''' 
"EGGSLAP" is the mnemonic we learned in Quiz Bowl team for the seven
deadly sins: envy, greed, gluttony, sloth, lust, anger and pride - from Anville Azote, Pynchon-L.

'''"Yingle-Yangle"''' 
Yin and Yang - in Swedish?

==Page 456==
'''Pile of Accompts''' 
Pile of Accounts, from root "computus", to add up, etc.

'''Moses supposes''' 
Anachronous allusion to a key song in the movie ''Singin' in the Rain'' starring Gene Kelly, Donald O'Connor and Debbie Reynolds. 1952. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singing_in_the_rain Wikipedia]. Gene Kelly is credited with the catchy, humorous lyrics: 
Artist: Gene Kelly,
Song: Moses Supposes 

"Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
Moses he knowses his toeses aren't roses, 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be! 
Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
A mose is a mose! 
A rose is a rose! 
A toes is a toes! 
Hooptie doodie doodle 
Moses supposes his toeses are Roses, 
But Moses supposes Erroneously, 
For Moses he knowses his toeses arent roses, 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be! 
Moses 
(Moses supposes his toeses are roses) 
Moses 
(Moses supposes erroneously) 
Moses 
(Moses supposes his toeses are roses) 
As Moses supposes his toeses to be! 
A Rose is a rose is a rose is a rose is 
A rose is what Moses supposes his toes is 
Couldn't be a lily or a daphi daphi dilli 
It's gotta be a rose cuz it rhymes with mose! 
Moses! 
Moses! 
Moses! 
(Dance Sequence) 
AAAAAAAAAAAAA!!!!" 

Talk about his characters "breaking into silly songs," as Pynchon does in his
words about ATD.......

'''hasty Puddin'''' 
Hasty pudding is a porridge-like dish of cooked grain. It is now most often associated with the American version made of ground maize or corn, but may have started out as an English oat porridge. Hasty pudding was used as a term for an oatmeal porridge in England when Hannah Glasse wrote her 18th-century book The Art of Cookery. 

Also known as corn mush or Indian mush, hasty pudding in its simplest form is corn meal cooked slowly in water until it thickens. It may be eaten hot, or left to cool and solidify. Slices of the cold pudding may then be fried. Hasty pudding was once a popular American food because of its low cost, long shelf life, and versatility, and was eaten with both sweet and savory accompaniments, such as maple syrup, molasses, or salted meat. Count Rumford, an American inventor who disapproved of the Revolution and went to live in Europe, still liked his hasty pudding, hot, in a bowl of milk. 

Hasty pudding, itself, is memorialized in a verse of the early American song "Yankee Doodle": 

Father and I went down to camp 
Along with Captain Goodin, 
And there we saw the men and boys 
As thick as hasty puddin'

'''Jasmine Absolute''' 
Absolute is the solvent extracted product of Jasmine. It is rendered through the process explained by Mandy Aftel, quoted below. The solvent extracts are supplied from the Jasmine extraction units located in South India where several thousand acres of Jasmine farms exist in Karnataka and Tamil Nadu.

"Flowers are placed on racks in a hermetically sealed container. A liquid solvent, usually hexane, is circulated over the flowers to dissolve the essential oils. This produces a solid waxy paste called a 'concrete'. The concrete is then repeatedly treated with pure alcohol (ethanol) which dissolves the wax and yields the highly aromatic liquid known as an absolute. This method is also used for extracting resins and balsams and for rendering the animal essences, such as civet, musk, ambergris and castoreum." - (source: Mandy Aftel, ''Essence and Alchemy''. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore_mallige#Jasmine_absolute WIKI]

==Page 457==
'''''The Ghastly Fop''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_17:_175-182#Page_178 178] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347].

==Page 458==
'''Tidewater''' 
The Tidewater region of Virginia is a term used to refer to the eastern portion of the Commonwealth of Virginia. The term "Tidewater" may be correctly applied to all portions of Virginia where the water level is affected by the tides. In general, this is most of the land east of I-95, which runs between major cities along the fall line, and north of U.S. 460. It includes Hampton Roads, the rest of the Virginia Peninsula, the Middle Peninsula, the Northern Neck, and the Eastern Shore. Most people of the southeastern area of Virginia refer to Tidewater as the areas of Virginia Beach, Chesapeake, Portsmouth, Norfolk, Suffolk, Hampton, Newport News, James City County, Yorktown, Poquoson, Williamsburg , and Gloucester. Collectively, these localities are understood to form Hampton Roads. Planters in the early American colonies extended their tobacco productions above the "fall line," where waterfalls or rapids mark the end of the Tidewater and the beginning of the foothill region known as the Piedmont. By 1700s, slaves were included in a majority of upcountry households and as many as three-quarters of the households in the Tidewater. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tidewater_region_of_Virginia WIKI]

'''Milkmaid's Douceur''' 
Milkmaid's Sweetness (Softness, Gentleness, Smoothness, etc)

'''Specie''' 
Commodity money is money whose value comes from a commodity out of which it is made. It is objects that have value in themselves as well as for use as money. Examples of commodities that have been used as mediums of exchange include gold, silver, copper, salt, peppercorns, large stones, decorated belts, shells, alcohol, cigarettes, cannabis, candy, barley etc. These items were sometimes used in a metric of perceived value in conjunction to one another, in various commodity valuation or price system economies. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specie WIKI]

'''''The Beggar's Opera''''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_27:_266-274#Page_270 270], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_46:_452-459#Page_455 455].

==Page 459==
'''Tailor of Gloucester's Mice''' 
Reference to children's novel by Beatrix Potter titled ''The Tailor of Gloucester'' in which the mice living in the tailor's quarters help him finish his work. It seems, however, that the basic tale may have been around for some time as apparently Beatrix first heard it from a cousin, then adapted it: from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailor_of_Gloucester WIKI]: Potter had heard of this story while visiting a cousin, Caroline Hutton, though in fact the work had been secretly done by the tailor's very human assistants.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

P

2013-05-07T20:43:28Z

Hotratsalex:

'''Padang''' 
57

'''paduasoy''' 
149: A rich heavy silk fabric with a corded effect (American Heritage Dictionary)

'''Painswick''' 
199; Gloucestershire village about 5 miles north of Stroud; Fair, 498, 502

'''Palisado''' 
248; ''O.E.D.'': As Palisade (fr. palisade), a fence of pales or stakes.

'''Palladian''' 719; Style of architecture based on the writings and buildings of the Vicenza humanist and theorist, Andrea Palladio (1508-80) one of the great architects of the 16th century, and perhaps the most influential. Palladio felt that architecture should be governed by reason and by the principles of classical antiquity as it was known in surviving buildings and writings. Key features - clarity, order, symmetry, as well as paying homage to antiquity. Inigo Jones introduced the style to England, after a trip to Italy (1613-14), e.g. the Queen's House at Greenwich

'''Pantograph''' 
487; an instrument for copying (usu.) maps, consisting of four rigid bars jointed in parallelogram form

'''Paoli's Revolt''' 
28; In Corsica, named after its patriotic instigator, Pasquale de Paoli (1725-1807). The struggle was originally against the Genoese who ruled Corsica. After the island was sold to France in 1768, Paoli's forces fought the French but were eventually overrun by the French army; he escaped to England where he was introduced to [[J#johnson|Dr. Johnson]] by [[B#boswell|Boswell]].

'''Papists''' 
233; followers of the Pope

'''Paradicsom, Count''' 
195

'''Paradise of Chance''' 
421; gaming room at Castle Lepton

'''Parageography''' 
141

'''Paranoia''' 
41; 44; 73; 128; 132; 140; 158; 192; 250; 273; Jesuits, 287-88; 291; "Riot's
indoor Sister, Conspiracy" 305; 320; 394; 429; Mason's, 438; 479; unseen
Persecutor, 546; 683; 746

'''Parcelsus, Dr. (real name: Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim) (1493-1541)''' 
267; German alchemist and physician, born in Einsieden, Switzerland; his self-coined name meant "beyond Celsus," a Roman physician. He coined the word "alkahest," from the Arabic, which became "alchemy." He established the use of chemistry in medicine, gave the most up-to-date description of syphillis, and was the first to argue that small doses of what makes people ill can also cure them.

'''''pari passu''''' 
507; Latin: "with equal step"; at an equal rate or pace

<div id="paris"></div>'''Paris, Treaty of''' 
614; Signed on Feb. 10, 1763, it settled the Franco-British conflicts of the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]] (1756-63); it was signed by representatives of Great Britain and Hanover on one side and France and Spain on the other. France renounced to Britain all the mainland of North American east of the Mississippi, except for New Orleans and environs, as well as all conquests in India and the East Indies since 1749. Britain made concessions to France in the West Indies.

'''Paronomasia''' 
396; a play on words or pun

'''Patsy''' 
401; on Long Island

<div id="paxtonboys"></div>'''Paxton Boys''' 
The Paxton Boys was a vigilante group that murdered at least twenty Native Americans in events sometimes called the Conestoga Massacre. Backcountry Presbyterian Scots-Irish frontiersmen from central Pennsylvania, near Paxton Church, Paxtang, Pennsylvania, now Dauphin County, formed a vigilante group in response to the American Indian uprising known as Pontiac's Rebellion. The Paxton Boys felt that the government of colonial Pennsylvania was negligent in providing them protection. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys WIKI] Similarities to [[b#blackboys|The Black Boys]]

304; slaughtered the Indians; 310; 488; 572; 613; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paxton_Boys Wikipedia entry]

'''Peace of Aix-la-Chapelle''' 
381

'''Peace of Paris''' 
420; ''See'' [[P#paris|Paris, Treaty of]]

'''Peach, Sam, Jr.''' 
185; son of Sam Sr.

'''Peach, Samuel''' 
73; silk merchant and "growing power" in E.I.C (EIC director 1773, 1774, 1776–9, 1781); 139; 169; 189; 203; 254; "of
Chalford" 270;

'''Peach, Susannah''' 
143; wife of Bradley; 169; 184; Married Bradley 1744; Died 1757

'''Peach, Susannah <aka Miss Peach>''' 
Only child of Bradley and Susannah. Age 17 at Bradley's death (according to M&D pg 185).; 185, 186

'''Pearl of Sumatra''' 
24; tavern in London where M&D, Bodine & the L.E.D. go

'''Pearse''' 
114

'''Pebble-Lenses''' 
549

'''''Péché Mortel''''' 
727; French: "fatal weakness"

'''Pegeen''' 
392; Perhaps a nod to the character Pegeen Mike, the lusty innkeeper in John Millington Synge's ''The Playboy of the Western World''; Red-head at Inn

'''Peggy''' 
131; wife of Lord Clive; sister of N. Maskelyne

'''Pelf''' 
217; money, usu. with a contemptuous implication

'''Pelhamites''' 
209; Henry Pelham (1695-1754), an English statesman, took an active part in suppressing the [J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1715. He became prime minister in 1743; events during his ministry include the Austrian Succession War, the [[J#jacobites|Jacobite Rising]] of 1745, and the [[E#eleven|calendar reform]]; 283; 538; 557

'''''Pelog''''' 
77; pélog is the seven-tone system of ancient Javanese/Balinese music known as gamelan, which system evolved in the 16th century or perhaps earlier

'''Pembroke''' 
116

'''Pendennis Point''' 
704; in [[F#falmouth|Falmouth]] in Cornwall, England, and the site of Pendennis Castle, one of a chain of castles built along the southern shore of England in the mid-16th c. by Henry VIII to defend against possible French attacks, and pictured here.

'''Penns''' 
293; family that was the proprietors of Pennsylvania; William, 257, 266, 335; 341; Penn's Edict,
616; Pennite refuse, 638

<div id="pennsylvaniad"></div>'''''Pennsylvaniad''''' 
In M&D, a poem written by [[T#tox|Timothy Tox]]; The fictional Timothy Tox's ''Pennsylvaniad'' is a play on Ebenezer Cooke's poem ''The Sot-weed Factor or A Voyage to Marylandiad''. The poem is a concentrated vision of colonial life that was likely influential on Pynchon's own reworking of the local history.

Ebenezer Cooke first appears in Maryland records in 1694, probably at the time an adult of 27; he lives in England and Maryland periodically, then after 1712 settles in Maryland permanently. In addition to the satiric poem ''The Sot-weed Factor'', he wrote a few elegies, a narrative poem on Bacon's Rebellion, a revised version of ''The Sotweed Factor'', and a related poem, ''Sot-weed Redivivus''. First published in London in 1708, ''The Sot-weed Factor'', set in sing-song iambic tetrameter, chronicles the misadventures of an English emigre to the American colony of Maryland and his ignominious return home. (''The Sotweed Factor'' is also the name of a contemporary novel by John Barth dealing with the same time period.) [http://www.mith2.umd.edu/summit/Proceedings/Richards.htm Much more on Cooke here]; [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer_Cooke Wikipedia entry].

217; 489;

'''''Pennsylvania Gazette''''' 
656; owned, since 1729, by [[F#franklin|Benjamin Franklin]]

'''Pennycomequick, Lord''' 
721; "global-Communications Nabob"

'''Pentacle''' 
427-28; a 5-pointed star; 680

'''Pentateuch''' 
772; the first five books of the Bible

'''Pepinazos''' 
477; "Anthem of the [M&D] Expedition":

<pre>
Pepinazos, nunca Blows, never
Abrazos, Si me Hugs, if you
Quieras, loved me,
!Oigame!-- Listen to me!--
Dejate, Leave,
Los Pe-pi-naa-zos! The blows!
</pre>

'''Perpetual Motion''' 
318;

'''Perth Amboy''' 
566; City in Middlesex County, eastern New Jersey, a port on Raritan
Bay, at the southern end of Arthur Kill (a channel), and at the mouth of the
Raritan River; settled 1683, incorporated 1718. From 1686 to 1702, it was the capital of East Jersey colony and alternated with Burlington as the capital of New Jersey province (from 1776, state) from the late 1730s to 1790. The name Amboy is probably derived from a Leni-Lenape Native American term for "elbow of land"; the name Perth honors James Drummond, 4th earl of Perth, an early Scots
proprietor in the region.

'''Peters, Reverend''' 
773

'''Philadelphia''' 
<blockquote>
8: '''"Northern Liberties, Spring Garden and Germantown":''' neighborhoods

'''Southernmost Point:''' South Street marks what used to be the southern edge, and M&D commenced their surveying at the northwest corner of 2nd and South.

[[Philadelphia|Geography]] [http://www.faculty.fairfield.edu/faculty/hodgson/Courses/city/philadelphia/PHILHISTORY.html" Philadelphia History]

</blockquote>

'''''Philadelphia Irredempta''''' 
612; "Irredempta" is Latin for "unredeemed"
and in the context (national claims of territory and the fact that the
name "Philadelphia" is a Latin formation, calling for a Latin adjective)
almost certainly is intended to evoke "Italia Irredenta" (Italian for
"Unredeemed Italy"), the mid-19th century Italian nationalist catchphrase for the areas on which the new nation of Italy had a claim but which were under foreign (Austro-Hungarian or French) control.

'''Philadelphia Lawyer''' 
So notorious were these folks that the term has long become synonymous with one who makes things unnecessarily complicated and obfuscates matters.

'''Philosophes''' 
377; a group of writers, mathematicians, scientists and
philosophers eventually known as the French rationalists, who first
came together to work on Diderot's 35-volume Encyclopedie project.
Voltaire is usually considered one of the Philosophes.

'''''Philosophical Transactions''''' 
292; 494

'''Phiz''' 
30; Slang: "face"; derived from "physiognomy" (facial features)

'''Phoebe''' 
324-25; R.C.'s wife

'''Phoebus''' 
273

'''Pietist''' 
293

<div id="pigs"></div>'''Pigs''' 
"Was that Oinking upon the rooftop?" 143; 220; "aviating swine" 257 (play on the contemptuous or disbelieving "yeah--when pigs fly!" and on Carroll's "whether pigs have wings."); "rooting Hogs" 259; 278; 296; 330; 365; 382;
394; 409; 458; 495; 624; 762; [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Pigs_in_Gravity's_Rainbow Pigs in ''Gravity's Rainbow'']

'''Piggotts''' 
74; taking the longitude by lunar culminations

'''Pillars of Hercules''' 
612

'''pinguid''' 
215; fat, oily, greasy

'''Pirogue''' 
243; nearly flat-bottomed boat, able to cruise in shallow water, marsh and swamp--as in: "Good-bye Joe, we got to go, me oh my-o/we got to go row a pirogue down the bay-o." - "Jambalaya" Hank Williams

'''Pitt, William (1708-78)''' 
7; The 1st Earl of Chatham, known as "the elder Pitt," was an English statesman and orator, serving in parliament beginning in 1735; after becoming nominally secretary of state (but virtually premier) in 1756, he conducted a quite successful military policy, repeatedly defeating the French (including the Battle of Quebec); his second son was William Pitt, "the Younger."

'''Pitt, William ("the Younger") (1759-1806)''' 
7; At the age of 24, William Pitt became Britain's youngest prime minister
where his government (which lasted 17 years) pursued good relations with
America and reorganization of the East India Company.

'''Pitt & Pliny''' 
7; the twins who are the sons of J. Wade & Zab LeSpark

'''''Pizza''''' 
234-35; 260

'''Plafond''' 
412; French: "ceiling"; in cabin

'''Plato''' 
262; "'in his Republick',--'When the Forms of Musick change, 'tis a Promise of
civil Disorder'"; 282; Tale of Er, 537

'''Pleides''' 
365; constellations aka "The Seven Sisters"; "among the first stars mentioned in astronomical literature, appearing in Chinese annals of 2357 B.C. . . In China they were worshiped by girls and young women as the 'Seven Sisters of Industry,' while [at] the first hsiu they were Mao, Mau, or Maou, anciently Mol, the Constellation, and Gang, of unknown signification; 628

'''Pliny, Gaius Pinius Secundus (23-79)''' 
7; Roman writer on natural history, published the 37-volume ''Historia Naturalis'' in 77, which was an exhaustive classification everything of natural or non-artificial origin, including digressions on human investions and institutions; 595;

'''Pliny, Gaius Plinius Caecilius Secundus (62-113)''' 
7; aka Pliny the Younger, was the nephew of Pliny the Elder, but became his
charge after the death of his father (married to PtE's sister) and was eventually adopted. He distinguished himself as a writer, orator and politician.

'''Plumbaginous''' 
547; resembling or containing graphite

'''Pluto''' 
In Roman mythology, Pluto is the ruler of the infernal regions; Plutonian wife, 147; "young Plutonians" [Plutonians ascribe the changes on the Earth's surface to the agency of fire], 219; Arts of Pluto, 233; Plutonians, 317, 500; "a Plutonian History unfolding far below our feet" 548; "Vomited from Pluto's own Gut!" 701; [[Pluto|MORE]]

'''''Poesia''''' 
489; Italian: "poetry"

'''Polaris''' 
333; aka the North Star; of Evil, 428; 468

'''pollicate''' 
30; from Latin "pollex" = "thumb", thus = waving one's thumb at; ''See also'' [[D#desuper|desuperpollicate]]

'''Polonaise''' 
564;

'''Pompadour, Madame le Marquise de''' 
373; mistress of Louise XV, she controlled public affairs for the king; 377

'''Pongee''' 
169; soft, usu. unbleached Chinese silk fabric woven from uneven threads of raw silk

'''Pontiac (c.?1720-69)''' 
276; Chief of the Ottawa Indians, in 1763 he led an uprising against the English garrisons, besieging Detroit for five months; it was this uprising that led to the British [[#proclamation|Proclamation of 1763]]; Pontiac was killed by an Illinois indian; 316; 614

'''Poor Richard''' 
294; Benjamin Franklin published his own writing in "Poor Richard's Almanack" annually, with great success

<div id="pope"></div>'''Pope, Alexander (1688-1744)''' 
489; English poet, called the "Wasp of Twickingham" for his small stature (he was 4'6") and his acerbic writing; and Lady Montague, 691

'''Pope Joan''' 
185; an English woman who, in the Dark Ages, disguised herself as a man and became pope. She was said to have succeeded as "John VIII" on the death of Leo IV who died in 855. Most scholars now believe there never was a Pope Joan, but for centuries the story was accepted as fact; [http://www.orlok.com/links/pjbio.html Tarot Connections]

<div id="popeye"></div>'''Popeye''' 
486; cartoon sailor and boyfriend of Olive Oil ("I am what I am, and that's all that I am...I'm Popeye the Sailor Man!")

'''Popish''' 
190; Roman Catholic; 318; 339

'''Portes-Cochères''' 
516; in Jesuit College in Quebec

'''Portland Bill''' 
127; a permanent sandbar: in this case, meaning half-way along the south coast of England

'''Power''' 
312; 544; of kings and surveyors, 585-86; 596; 599; 627; 649; 662; 731; "They
who control the Microscopick, control the World" 663; 748

'''''Prandium gratis non est''''' 
317; Latin: "There is no free lunch"

'''Presbyterian''' 
488-89; 495

'''Presque Isle''' 
420; "Boys from"

'''Prester John''' 
345; The legends of Prester John (also Presbyter John), popular in Europe from the 12th through the 17th centuries, told of a Christian patriarch and king said to rule over a Christian nation lost amidst the Muslims and pagans in the Orient. Written accounts of this kingdom are variegated collections of medieval popular fantasy

'''Preterite''' 
698

'''Price, Justice''' 
588; adjudicator in Catherine & Tom Wheat debacle; [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Historical Sources]]

'''Price, Mr. & Mrs. Rhys (pronounced "Reece")''' 
446; chains go through their house, putting half in Maryland and half in
Pennsylvania

<div id="prism"></div>'''Prism''' 
In optics, a prism is a transparent optical element with flat, polished surfaces that refract light, separating different wavelengths when light is passed through the prism. Newton used the prism to show that white light is a composite of several colors. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prism_(optics)| Wikipedia entry]

M&D's tent as, [[Chapter_47:_460-465 | 463]];

'''Prisqueetom''' 
673; "Prince of the Delawares"

'''Pritchard, Brother''' 
605

'''''Proceedings of the Council of Maryland''''' 
579; 1765 [[Proceedings of the Council of Maryland|Herein]]

<div id="proclamation"></div>'''Proclamation Line''' 
470; The Proclamation of 1763, declared by the British crown at the conclusion of the French and Indian War, was an attempt to deal with relations with the Indians. It established a huge British-administered reservation west of the Appalachians and forbade all white settlement in that territory, ordering those already there to leave. The "Proclamation Line" was very unpopular with the colonists; 617

'''Prometheus''' 
372; stole fire from the gods, for which he was punished by being chained to a rock and having his liver eaten by vultures. In another myth, he also shaped the first human form out of dust; 565

'''Propus''' 
142

'''Prospero''' 
658; Prospero is a character in Shakespeare's
''The Tempest'' who was a sorceror of sorts shipwrecked on an island and proceeds to subdue its natives with his magic. This has been viewed as a commentary on how the old powers were conquering the New World

'''Province Island''' 
306

'''Prussian Plains''' 
613

'''''Pues Entonces''''' 
523

'''Pumplenose''' 
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|77]]; A large citrus fruit (''Citrus maxima''); the ancestor of grapefruit (or the tree itself). Etymologically, an alternate form of the South African “pampelmoes”—commonly known elsewhere as the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pomelo pomelo], Chinese grapefruit, jabong, or [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaddock shaddock].

'''Punch's Voice''' 
491; Punch and Judy, traditional English puppet play,
deriving from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Commedia_del_arte commedia dell'arte]. Punch is cruel and boastful; his wife, Judy, whom he beats, is a loud, faithless nag. Punch's raucous voice is created with a 'swozzle', a vibrating reed held between the teeth.

'''puns''' 
"Suture Self, as the Medical Students like to say" 20; Sirius, 118; well sprung, 121; "aviating swine" 257; "turn..." 272; minitude, 309; prize money, 322; "There wasn't Time" 321; Armand Allègre, 366; Hervé du T., 372; "Oh, those old canards", 374; "El P. is nothing if not a Cyclickal Creature" 432; "Yingle-Yangle" 455; "Sari [...] sarong" 479; Still, 598; "old Forts" 662

'''Pygephanous''' 
566; ass-showing, butt-revealing &c.

'''Pygmies''' 
67

<div id="pym"></div>'''Pym, John (1584-1643)''' 
226; English politician who while leader of the Puritans in parliament, along with [[V#vane|Sir Henry Vane]] of the House of Commons, vigorously pursued the impeachment of [[S#strafford|Thomas Strafford]] for his ruthless policies in Ireland on behalf of Charles I. Pym's motive was more power.

'''Pyramids''' 
547

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

B

2013-05-07T10:46:06Z

Hotratsalex:

'''B. of L.''' 
728; Board of Longditude (specified 730)

<div id="babylon"></div>'''Babylon''' 
600; one of the most famous cities of antiquity. It was the capital of southern Mesopotamia (Babylonia) from the early 2nd millennium to the early 1st millennium BC and capital of the Neo-Babylonian (Chaldean) Empire in the 7th and 6th centuries BC, when it was at the height of its splendour. Its extensive ruins on the Euphrates River about 55 miles (88 kilometres) south of Baghdad lie near the modern town of al- Hillah. Babylon gets a lot of bad press from a Judeo-Christian perspective. The Tower of Babel, in the Old Testament, was located there, and the Mother of all Harlots in the Book of
Revelation. The evil twin of Jerusalem.

'''Bacchus''' 
339; The Roman god of wine and intoxication, equated with the Greek Dionysus. His festival was celebrated on March 16 and 17. The Bacchanalia, orgies in honor of Dionysus, were introduced in Rome around 200 BCE. These infamous celebrations, notorious for their sexual and criminal character, got so out of hand that they were forbidden by the Roman Senate in 186 BCE. Bacchus is also identified with the old-Italian god Liber. [http://www.pantheon.org/ Encyclopedia Mythica]

'''Bad Hats''' 
198; disreputable characters

<div id="bagpipes"></div>
'''Bagpipes''' 
usually linked to [[w#wolfe|James Wolfe]]
312; 501;

'''Baker, William''' 
672; M-D Line crewman killed by falling tree

'''Baker's Peel''' 
653; Crannarain ("Baker's Peel") is an Irish name for Ursa Major

'''Baltimore, Lord''' 
257

'''Banks, Joseph (1743-1820)''' 
770; president of the Royal Society, 1778-1820; made his name by going on the expedition to Tahiti with Captain Cook - the expedition ostensibly being to observe the 1769 [[T#transit|transit of Venus]]. His accounts of the voyage and the botany of the Pacific gave him prominence and he rose to be President of the Royal Society, friend (initially) of George III and general government scientific fix-it of the late eighteenth century.

'''Barcarole''' 
56; a gondoliers song, or a piece of music with a similar rhythm

'''Barkley''' 
577;

'''Barnes, Moses''' 
7; overseer of the axmen on M-D Line crew; 323; 435; 445; "Camp-Lawyer" 611

'''Barnett''' 
577;

'''''Bas-mondaine''''' 
668; French: The lower classes.

'''Batavia''' 
77; present-day Jakarta, the capital of Indonesia

'''Bathsheba''' 
147; From the Bible: "It happened, late one afternoon, when David arose from his couch and was walking upon the roof of the king's house, that he saw from the roof a woman bathing; and the woman was very beautiful. And David sent and inquired about the woman. And one said, 'Is not this Bathsheba, the daughter of Eliam, the wife of Uriah the Hittite?' So David sent messengers, and took her; and she came to him, and he lay with her .... And the woman conceived; and she sent and told David, 'I am with child.' (2 Samuel 11:2-5 RSV)

Of all of the troubles that King David faced during his lifetime, the incident of adultery with Bathsheba was the most grave. Bathsheba's husband was Uriah, a loyal soldier of the king. When attempts failed to make it appear that Uriah was the father of the child that his wife was expecting (2 Samuel 11:6-13), David resorted to making her a widow so that he could take her as his own wife. God forgave David, not only because David repented (2 Samuel 12:13), but moreover for the sake of the assigned role that The Chosen People were given in God's plan of salvation for all humans, all sinners. David then married Bathsheba, but the child from the adulterous incident died. Later Bathsheba had a second son, Solomon, who succeeded David as King of Israel. Solomon was the first king of Israel born to a reigning king, and was the last king of the united kingdom of Israel.

'''Battery, The''' 
399; Battery Park (to New Yorkers, The Battery) is a 21-acre (8.5 ha) public park located at the southern tip of Manhattan in New York City. The park is named for the artillery that was stationed there at various times by the Dutch and British.

<div id="leuthen"></div>'''Battle of Leuthen''' 
536; The Battle of Leuthen was a battle fought on December 5, 1757 during the [[S#seven|Seven Years' War]]. [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle_of_Leuthen More from Wikipedia]

<div id="wandiwash"></div>'''Battle of Wandiwash''' 
564; decisive battle, fought on Jan. 22, 1760, in the Anglo-French struggle in
So. India during the Seven Years' War; ''See also'' [[C#coote|Coote, Eyre]]

'''Bay of All Saints''' 
161;

'''Bayley''' 
738

'''Beck, Zepho''' 
618

'''Beck, Rhodie''' 
619; wife of Zepho

'''becoach-and-six''' 
324 to harness together a Pack of lawyers like a six-horse coach

'''Bedlamite''' 
314; aka "Madman" or "Fool," named for Bedlam which is a contraction of Bethlehem Royal Hospital, the first insane asylum in England, est. 1247; 440; 729

<div id="beggars"></div>'''''Beggar's Opera''''' 
270; Written by John Gay (1685-1732), ''The Beggar's Opera'' debuted in 1728 in London. It was an immediate success, breaking all previous records and was performed more than any other play during the 18th century.(1) It was a complete departure from the popular Italian operas of its time. ''The Beggar's Opera'' used both dialogue and music to further the story. Gay took music from wherever he could find it. Forty-one of the sixty-nine airs were broadside ballads of the time. The other tunes were borrowed from contemporary composers (including Handel). To these tunes he wrote lyrics to fit his play. Instead of taking his plot from myth he wrote a story focused on the underbelly of society - thieves, whores, fences and jailers. The world of the Beggar's opera is gritty and real, it's end optimistic only because of the popular insistence that Operas must end happily.

Despite its grim reality, ''The Beggar's Opera'' is a comedy. It is a period romp that comments with brilliant satire on life. It's satire was on both society and politics. The populace and critics of the time understood [./w.html#walpole">Sir Robert Walpole], a whig and considered England's first Prime Minister, to be the subject of many of the scenes, and his play Polly was banned by Walpole for the fact. [More from [http://www.contemplator.com/history/johngay.html The Contemplator's Short History of John Gay and ''The Beggar's Opera'']]

'''''Bellezza, che chiama''''' 
416; Italian: "A beauty that beckons..."

'''Bencoolen''' 
33; aka Benkulen; (aka Fort Marlborough to the East India Co, during M&D's time) On the West coast of Sumatra, approx half way between the equator and
Krakatoa. According to J Keay in ''The Hon. Company'' "It was not a popular
destination. Only the disgraced and the truly desperate found their way
[there]." 41; 44; 47; 270-71

<div id="bernoulli"></div>'''Bernoulli, Jakob (1654-1705)''' 
135; Swiss mathematician who was the first to use the term integral. He studied the catenary, the curve of a suspended string. He was an early user of polar coordinates and discovered the isochrone; [http://www-groups.dcs.st-and.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Bernoulli_Jacob.html More]]

'''Besozzi, Alessandro (1702-93)''' 
Composer who created several works for oboe, including 'Divertimenti in E Minor for Oboe and Violincello' and 'Sonata, Opus. VII, No. 6; several members of the family were composers;'"oboick reveries of" 413; 668

<div id="betts"></div>'''Betts''' 
438; in the running for Astronomer Royal

<div id="bevis"></div>'''Bevis, John (1695-1771)''' 
438; This physician and amateur astronomer was the discoverer of the "Crab Nebula" in Taurus, M1 (1731). In 1769 he observed the Transit of Venus from just along the road from King George at Richmond, and published his observations in ''Philosophical Transactions''. He described the initial turbulence to Venus as "a black wafer on the surface of a drum." Bevis was also a Commissioner of Longitude under which the Nautical Almanac was produced and which included Maskelyne's instructions for observing the Transit.

<div id="bible"></div>'''Bible''' 
Garden in Genesis, 134; "an Israelite in whom
there is no guile" 278 (Pynchon says John 1:49, but it's actually John 1:47); reference to Exodus 3:14 (first edition has 4:14, but this is corrected in later printings, so apparently a typo), 486; [[L#lost|Lost Tribes of Israel]], 485; Infancy Gospel of [[T#thomas|Thomas]], 486; "Revelation exists as a Fact" 487; Adam & Eve, 615

'''Bienville, Céléron de''' 
285

'''Big Dipper''' 
652; Bear's Tail, 652; Ursa Major, 653

'''Birch, Mr. Tom''' 
75; 247; 270; 603

<div id="bird"></div>'''Bird, John''' 
12; was the creater of many astronomical instruments at Greenwich and a
member of the Royal Society. He recommended Dixon for the surveying of the
Pennsylvania/Maryland line, and he built the sector used by M&D; 13; 17; Quaker, 43; 73; 75; made Darkening Nozzles for M&D's telescope, 98; 120; 298; wrote a letter to M&D announcing Maskelyne's promotion, 436

'''Bishop of Durham''' 
43;

<div id="BishopOfDurhamClause"></div>'''Bishop of Durham Clause''' 
[[Chapter_28:_275-288#Page_282|282]]; A clause from Charles II's Charter of Carolina (1663) that invokes the extra authority traditionally given to the Prince Bishops of Durham by Westminster to rule their hinterlands.

'''Bisley''' 
Bisley is five miles east of Stroud. Chalford is about four miles
slightly west of due south from Bisley, but the line to Stonehenge runs east of
Stroud passing through Oakridge which neighbors Chalford, continuing over
the river and up the valley on the other side and on to Stonehenge. Near Calne, the line passes a smaller stone circle and an image of a horse carved into the chalky ground of a hillside; Church, 218; 292; Parish, 504

'''Blapsia''' 
492

<div id="blackboys"></div>'''Black Boys''' 
The Black Boys, also known as the Brave Fellows and the Loyal Volunteers, were members of a white settler movement in the Conococheague Valley of colonial Pennsylvania sometimes known as the Black Boys Rebellion. The Black Boys, so-called because they sometimes blackened their faces during their actions, were upset with British policy regarding American Indians following Pontiac's Rebellion. When that war came to an end in 1765, the Pennsylvania government began to reopen trade with the Native Americans who had taken part in the uprising. Many settlers of the Conococheague Valley were outraged, having suffered greatly from Indian raids during the war. The 1764 [[e#enochbrownschool|Enoch Brown School Massacre]], in which ten school children had been killed and scalped, was the most notorious example of these raids. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Boys WIKI]
Similarities to the [[p#paxtonboys|Paxton Boys]].
490; 601

'''Black Dog''' 
494; ("the mandrake, which, when tied to the tail of a
black dog, shrieks when it is torn out of the earth" - ''The
Philosophical Tree in Alchemical Studies'' (Coll. Works, Vol. 13, p. 311)

'''Blackner, Mr.''' 
117; Landlord of The Moon tavern

<div id="blackhole"></div>'''Black Hole of Calcutta''' 
Quoted from Wikipedia, The Black Hole of Calcutta was a small dungeon where troops of the Nawab of Bengal, Siraj ud-Daulah, held British prisoners of war after the capture of Fort William on June 20, 1756. John Zephaniah Holwell claimed that following the fall of the Fort, British and Anglo-Indian soldiers and civilians were held overnight in conditions so cramped that a large proportion of those held died from suffocation, heat exhaustion and crushing. He claimed that 123 prisoners died out of 146 prisoners held. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Hole_of_Calcutta WIKI].

[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196]; [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_404 404];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_49:_476-483#Page_483 483];
''The Black Hole of Calcutta, or, The Peevish Wazir'', [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_57:_562-569#Page_562 562];
[http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_69:_665-677#Page_665 665].

'''Black Joke, The''' 
583; fiddle tune played at Hynes/Wheat wedding

'''Black-Powder''' 
402; "thick-set Irishman" on Long Island; 564

'''Black Watch Plaid''' 
490; The Black Watch or Royal Highland Regiment, was
a Scottish infantry regiment. It was formed (1739-40) to guard against
Scottish rebels and keep the peace. It became known as the Black Watch
because of the dark colors of its plaid regimental tartan. Amalgamated into other regiments in 2007.

'''Bland, Margaret "Meg"''' 
751; Dixon's live-in lover in later years

'''Blinky''' 
35

<div id="bliss"></div>'''Bliss''' 
436; "The Reverend Nathaniel Bliss (28 November 1700 – 2 September 1764) was a noted English astronomer of the 18th century, serving as Astronomer Royal between 1762 and 1764. Bliss was born in the Cotswolds village of Bisley in Gloucestershire and studied at Pembroke College, Oxford. He graduated B.A. in 1720 and M.A. in 1723.Rector of St Ebb's church in Oxford, he succeeded Edmond Halley as professor of geometry at Oxford University in 1742 and was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society the same year. He succeeded James Bradley to become the fourth Astronomer Royal in 1762." -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nathaniel_Bliss Wikipedia]

He died in Oxford but was buried close to Halley in St Margaret's churchyard in Lee in south-east London.

'''Blondelle, S.''' 
518; at Jesuit College; 534

'''Blue Jamaica, The''' 
268; Ben Franklin's local tavern

'''Blue Mountain''' 
513; a range in SE Pennsylvania, part of Kittatinny
Mountain.

'''Boatswain's Pipe''' 
26; (pronounced "Bo's'n"): a two-note whistle used to announce senior officers coming aboard.

'''Bobotie''' 
[[Chapter 8: 77-86|82]]; South African dish: curried, minced meat with other various ingredients (e.g., dried fruits, onions), "baked with an egg-based topping … known in the [[Cape of Good Hope]] since the 17th century" [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobotie Wikipedia]

'''Bob's Your Uncle''' 
145; this is British slang that means, basically, "no problem" or "there you are"

'''''Bocsánat''''' 
591; Hungarian: "excuse me" or "I'm sorry"

'''bodice-ripper''' 
Slang for a romantic-erotic novel, especially one with a historical plot; Vrou
Vroom, 86; "Bodices are for ripping, and there's an end upon it." 419

<div id="bodine"></div>'''Bodine, Fender-Belly''' 
21; Foretopman on ''Seahorse''; 28; 55; 566; his "Bi-Lunar Exhibition" at Ft. George, 570; Bodine's descendant, Pig Bodine, in [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=B#bodine ''Gravity's Rainbow''] and [http://www.thomaspynchon.com/v/alpha/b.html#bodine ''V.'']

'''Bodkin''' 
75; a large needle, in this case for Tenebrae's embroidery.
''"For who would bear the whips and scorns of time, the oppressor's wrong, the proud man's contumely, the pangs of despised love, the law's delay, the insolence of office and the spurns that patient merit of the unworthy takes, when he himself might his quietus make with a bare bodkin?"''; Hamlet, Act III, Scene 1.

'''Bodley, Mr.''' 
558

'''Boet''' 
155; Dutch for 'brother'.

'''Boggs, Robert''' 
441; on M-D Line crew; 492

'''Bombazine''' 
251; One of the oldest fabrics known, this was a fine silk or wool fabric of plain or twill weave for formal dresses. In black, it was the traditional mourning cloth. Now made from silk warp and worsted weft with imitations made from viscose or cotton. May be fairly crisp. Used mainly for evening and wedding-gowns, if silk or viscose it is lustrous. The name comes from Latin "bombycinum" which means a silky in texture. <ref>[http://www.resil.com/otd.html The Online Textile Dictionary]</ref>

'''Bongo''' 
37

'''''Bonhomie''''' 
558; French: Easy good nature

<div id="bonk"></div>'''Bonk, Police Agent''' 
59; of the V.O.C.; 102; in drag, 154; 183; ['Bonking' is UK slang for sexual intercourse]

'''Boötes''' 
653; Greek: "the ploughman"; the constellation which contains the bright star, Arcturus

'''Boppdörfer, Baron von''' 
724; author of ''Über Bernouillis Brachistochronsprobleme'', 1702; "brachistochrone" is the curve providing the quickest descent (for an object
sliding down the curve) between two given points. Over the course of three
generations, the Bernoulli family produced many of the leading 18th century
mathematicians.

'''Boscovich, Father Roger Joseph (1711-87)''' 
44; Croatian mathematician and astronomer; 215; 222; 223; 269; 450; ''De Solis et Lunae Defectimus'', 474; 546; Theory of Repulsion, 604; [[Father Boscovich|Much More]]

<div id="boswell"></div>'''Boswell, James (1740-95)''' 
718; a Scottish writer born in Edinburgh. Although he studied law and was a member of both the Scottish and English bars, he devoted his life primarily to literary pursuits. He met [[S#sjohnson|Dr. Samuel Johnson]] in 1763 and from 1772 to 1784 was his close friend and biographer. He became a member of Johnson's literary club in 1773; 744

'''Botha Brothers''' 
60

<div id="bouguer"></div>'''Bouguer, Pierre (1698-1758)''' 
Pierre Bouguer succeeded his father Jean Bouguer at the age of 15 as royal professor of hydrography. He was a scientist who was the first to attempt to measure the density of the Earth using the deflection of a plumb line due to the attraction of a mountain. Bouguer, together with [c.html#condamine">La Condamine], made measurements in Peru in 1740 publishing his results in ''La Figure de la terre'' (1749). A more successful use of this method by the astronomer Maskelyne placed the density between 4.5 and 5. In mathematics Bouguer studied pursuit curves in 1732. He also wrote on naval manoeuvres and navigation and, in ship design, derived a formula for calculating the metacentric radius (a measure of ship stability); LeMaire in Lapp-Land with, 544

'''boundaries''' 
"all boundaries shall be erased" 406; 429; Schuylkill, 433; Susquehanna, 467;
512-13; Susquehanna, 639

'''Bouquet, General Henry (1719-65)''' 
Took part in 1758 attack on Fort Duquesne, and crushed Chief Pontiac's 1763 rebellion; his "Proclamation" 277; 307; his "Edict" 616; Colonel, 617; his Scheme, 617; "Success at Bushy Run" 661

'''Bourbons''' 
224; French Royal house, who at this time also ruled Spain. Was on
the wane under Louis 15th (1715-1774) and 16th (1774 to 1793 when he was beheaded). They were heavily influenced by the Calvinist Huguenots, hence their dislike for the Jesuits.

'''Bourquelet''' 
236

<div id="braddock"></div>
'''Braddock, Edward (1695-1755)''' 
General Edward Braddock (January 1695 –13 July 1755) was a British soldier and commander-in-chief for North America during the actions at the start of the French and Indian War (1754–1763). He is generally best remembered for his command of a disastrous expedition against French Canada in 1755. He led the attack Fort Duquesne (now Pittsburgh), on July 9, 1755 and the Battle of the Monongahela, in which he lost his life. George Washington was on that expedition, and it was supposedly there where he learned to not wear a redcoat. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Braddock WIKI] See also [[Charles Mason's Journal|Mason's Journal Entry]]. An excellent description of [http://www.britishbattles.com/braddock.htm Braddock's Defeat].

309; [[Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330|330]]; analogy to [[w#wolfe|Wolfe]], [[Chapter_52:_499-510#Page_501|501]]; his Vistoe, 613; 697;

<div id="bradley"></div>'''Bradley, Dr. James (1693-1762)''' 
45; Astronomer Royal at the time a request for an English surveying team to
determine the Pennsylvania/Maryland border was made. Bradley was the
director of the the Greenwich Observatory. He recommended Charles Mason who
had been his assistant observer from 1756 to 1760, working closely with
Bradley on a catalogue of positions of the moon. In 1729 he published his
discovery of the [[Aberration of Light|aberration of light]], providing the first observational proof of the Copernican hypothesis that the Earth revolved around the Sun and not vice versa); 75; Astronomer Royal (A.R.), 137; 141; 173; 181; 182; death of, 184; 209
213; 437; 557; Star Catalogue, 461; 772

'''Bradley, Miss''' 
143; only child of James Bradley & Susannah Peach; infatuated with Rebekah, 186

'''Brain, Mr.''' 
228; proprietor of Cudgel & Throck

'''Brain, Mrs.''' 
235

'''Brannon's''' 
564; where Dixons with dancing girls in New York

'''Break-Neck Valley''' 
174; on St. Helena

'''Breech-clout''' 
520; clout is an Olde English word for a piece of cloth. Breech is an mid-16th Century word for the buttocks, otherwise archaic except in the sense of a baby's buttocks before or at birth; 'breeches' is an archaic term for trousers.

'''Breguet's Palsy''' 
122; imaginary disease of clocks. Frenchman Breguet (1747-1823) designed a clock with a hairspring ending in an overcoil, i.e., raised and bent in towards the center to improve timekeeping (a hair spring is not the main spring which drives the clock it regulates the motion of the balance wheel which serves to control the speed of the clock).

<div id="brest"></div>'''Brest''' 
27; town located on the northwest tip of France and still the site of a French naval station; "Brest fleet" refers to the French fleet under the command of Count de [c.html#conflans">Conflans] that was trapped in [[Q#quiberon|Quiberon Bay]] and destroyed by [[H#hawke|Admiral Hawke's fleet]]

'''Bridgeport Dagger''' 
15

'''Briget''' 
129; St. Helena prostitute

'''''Brilliant''''' 
49; Frigate traveling with the ''Seahorse'' to Tenerife

'''Brum Kiddy''' 
767; A native of Birmingham [Brummagem, Brum - the city name as pronounced in the dense local accent]

'''Bryant, Alexander''' 
A rare error; the published Journal of M&D consistently gives the name as 'Bryan'.
333; farmer; 441; 460

'''Brynjolf, Bishop''' 
612; his gift of ancient Vellum Manuscript to Frederick the Third:

:"This Gudbrand was born in 1639 (ob. 1719), and was thus forty-three years of age when Jon Eggertsson secured the manuscript of our story in Iceland. Gudbrand's father was in his day by a long way the most learned man in Iceland, his great rival, Bishop Brynjolf, appearing on the scene first towards the close of Arngrim's life. He was a collector of manuscripts and author of standard works upon the history and antiquities of his country." <ref>[http://omacl.org/Heitharviga/preface.html The Online Medievel and Classical Library]</ref>

<div id="bubb"></div>'''Bubb Dodington, George (1691-1762)''' 
113; aka Baron Melcombe; friend of Florinda's; famous for his
Machiavellian political diary (publ. 1784), and for being the patron
of a number of poets and writers, chiefly James Thomson, Edward Young
and Henry Fielding. [[P#pope|Pope]] hated him, and immortalised him
in the "Epistle to Arbuthnot": But still the great have kindness in reserve/He help'd to bury whom he helped to starve" (ll.247-248); his name became a byword for aristocratic hauteur, tactless arrogance and amorality (c.f., Pope's 4th Moral Essay and the first Epilogue to the Satires); thus the irony in Mason's comments on him on p.114 is quite overt.

'''Buddhists''' 
543; 615

'''Bukhara''' 
669; ancient city in Uzbekistan, on the Silk Road and famous for its carpets (now more often Bokhara)

'''Bull's Eye''' 
87; a crown-piece (coin); 91; 99

'''Bumboats''' 
403(a) a scavenger's boat removing rubbish and filth from ships moored in the River Thames (b) a boat bearing fresh provisions to the ships. [The character 'Buttercup' in the comic opera 'HMS Pinafore' is described as "A Portsmouth bumboat-woman"]

'''Burgesses''' 
395; a burgess was a borough magistrate or Member of Parliament; members of a privileged class

'''Bush''' 
132; "from Bush to Oast unmediated"; this would refer to the brewing of beer, from the hops to the oast which is a conical kiln used for drying hops, malt or tobacco.

'''Bushy Run''' 
307

'''Bute, John Stuart, 3rd Earl of (1713-92)''' 
367; Bute, a Scotsman, had tutored young George since childhood, and was appointed secretary of state in 1761 when George ascended to the throne. He was George's confidant and constant companion until he was essentially cut off from the king in 1765 by those who did not approve of the consequences of his influence.

'''Butter-Bag Castle''' 
69; "butter-bag" is slang for "female breast" and was, like "butter-box", in the 16th-18th centuries, somewhat derogatory slang for a Dutchman

'''Byrd, Colonel''' 
395; surveyor who kept detailed Field-Book; "running the Line 'twixt Virginia
and Carolina" 671

==References==
<references/>

{{MD Alpha Nav}}

Chapter 9: 87-93

2013-05-07T10:40:19Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 92 */

==Page 87==

'''"Bull's Eye"''' 
(Pic?)
The Oxford English Dictionary confirms the definition provided in the text: "10. Naut. ‘A little dark cloud, reddish in the middle, chiefly appearing about the Cape of Good Hope’ (Chambers Cycl. Supp. 1753), supposed to portend a storm; hence the storm itself." The OED's usage sample relates the bull's eye to a tornado, thus, perhaps, explaining the fear of the girls on page 91.

'''actually, twain''' 
I think he's implying that it's not really in two pieces, but that the ends are no longer attached

==Page 88==

'''Elytra''' 
[R] Leathery fore wings of Coleoptera, meeting in a straight line and serving as protective covers for the hind wings when at rest; unfolded in flight; jointed in families whose adults (imagines) are apterous and incapable of flying.
 
 
The beetle's elytra visually echo the ripping of the bodice mentioned in the previous line, i.e. separating in twain to reveal that which lies beneath.

'''the English kiss''' 
Flirting with Mason and his reticence re the amorous.

==Page 89==

'''''Data'' of Biography''' 
all that material excretion which slaves see in handling our stuff.

'''lixiviated''' 
Purified via lye-bath.

Or, "healed" usually through the process of leeching.

'''hangs there in Misery''' 
Cf Buster Keaton's comic persona.

'''Beetle''' 
(Pic?)

==Page 91==

'''Light?...hellish red''' 
light darkening image that is right at home in ATD. Note that the change in light is blaimed on the Bull's Eye.

'''Kommando''' 
anachronous allusion to 20th Century NazI Germany and its Aryan beliefs? The Kommando Spezialkräfte (Special Forces Command, KSK) is part of Germany's Special Forces. It is closely modelled on the British Special Air Service (SAS).

'''Droster Republick''' 
South Africa.drosters - runaways from service contracts. South African usage.

==Page 92==

'''Cape Madeira... violet''' 
CAPE MADEIRA" (Probably forged Madeira from South Africa.), a very heavy improperly made wine.

'''Transit of Venus''' 
A transit of Venus across the Sun takes place when the planet Venus passes directly between the Sun and Earth, obscuring a small portion of the Sun's disk. During a transit, Venus can be seen from Earth as a small black disk moving across the face of the Sun. The duration of such transits is usually measured in hours (the transit of 2004 lasted six hours). A transit is similar to a solar eclipse by the Moon, but, although the diameter of Venus is almost 4 times that of the Moon, Venus appears much smaller because it is much farther away from Earth. Before the space age, observations of transits of Venus helped scientists using the parallax method to calculate the distance between the Sun and the Earth. 
Venus is also the Roman goddess of love and beauty after which the planet was named.

'''Fescue... simple Indication does not quite exhaust''' 

The OED defines "fescue" as "a small stick, pin, etc. used for pointing out the letters to children learning to read; a pointer." The fescue is ebony, hefty enought to be rapped on a table, and is used literally (for "simple Indication") and figuratively ("does not quite exhaust" - there is some phallic suggestiveness in the passage). Or perhaps sinister-looking fescue = riding crop in the naughty minds of the pleasingly squirming Vroom daughters. Cf Margarita Erdmann thrashing her daughter Bianca with a steel ruler in GR.

== Page 93 ==

'''gravid Earth''' 
Gravid - "pregnant, heavy with young" (OED)

'''the Fescue become a widthless Wand of Light" 
The literal usage of "fescue" escapes me here ... perhaps simply poetic license to further the image of impregnation (or climax) in this paragraph?

Fescue here seems to be another brilliant extended metaphor from our author. A fescue, a pointer--a rod--seems to mean the rods (of rods and cones) that comprise our eyes! "The retina contains two types of photoreceptors, rods and cones. The rods are more numerous, some 120 million, and are more sensitive than the cones. However, they are not sensitive to color." [http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/vision/rodcone.html] 
This sensitivity only to white in rods makes the rest of the image work. Feels far-fetched. Mason's ebony fescue simply "becomes" a widthless wand of light in the mind's eye as Mason instructs the girls on celestial mechanics. However, there's an interesting black/white reversal (ebony becoming light) that recalls imagery from AtD.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 33: 327-340

2013-05-07T10:26:32Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 330 */ macaronic redefined

==Page 327==
'''Benjamin Chew''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_297 297]

'''Whist''' 
Whist is a classic English trick-taking card game which was played widely in the 18th and 19th centuries. It derives from the 16th game of Trump or Ruff, via Ruff and Honours. Although the rules are extremely simple, there is enormous scope for scientific play. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whist WIKI]

==Page 328==
'''In the Summer''' 
this puts the section from Page 327 to 330 as a flashforward to some summer in the future. In the Journal there is a meeting of the commissioners at Christiana Bridge to recognize M&Ds work on the Tangent Line on [[1764#November|November]] 21-25, 1764. I wouldn't call November Summer, though.

'''Juniata''' 
The Juniata River is a tributary of the Susquehanna River, approximately 90 miles (145 km) long, in central Pennsylvania in the United States. The river is considered scenic along much of its route, having a broad and shallow course passing through several mountain ridges and steeply-lined water gaps. It formed an early 18th-century frontier region in Pennsylvania and was the site of Native American attacks against white settlements during the French and Indian War. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juniata_River WIKI]

'''Harris's Ferry''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_310 310].

'''Proprietarian politics... Anti-Proprietarians''' 
The British kings repeatedly granted territory to an individual or a small group, rather than to a chartered company. These men, called proprietors, or sometimes "Lords Proprietors", were invested not only with property under private law but also with gubernatorial authority to administer it with extraordinary authority, somewhat recalling the earl palatine before the Glorious Revolution. The method was most notably used during the early colonization along the Atlantic coasts of North America and the Caribbean by Great Britain. A good example is the Province of Pennsylvania, granted to William Penn (the state still bears the name meaning "woodlands of Penn") by King Charles II of England. This type of indirect rule eventually fell out of favor as the English Sovereigns sought to concentrate their power and authority, and the colonies were converted to crown colonies, i.e. governed by officials appointed by the King. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proprietary_colony WIKI]

'''Field of Duck-Green, not to mention reliable Magenta''' 
This combined color motif of bright green and magenta comes up several times in ''Inherent Vice'' and also appears on the dust jacket of the book. Indeed Pynchon works this visual gag into almost every novel, with numerous mentions in GR - see 'Magenta and Green', [http://gravitys-rainbow.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=M GRwiki].

==Page 329==
'''Sugar-Islands''' 
The exploitation of the Caribbean landscape dates back to the Spanish conquistadors around 1600 who mined the islands for gold which they brought back to Spain. The more significant development came when Christopher Columbus wrote back to Spain that the islands were made for sugar development. The history of Caribbean agricultural dependency is closely linked with European colonialism which altered the financial potential of the region by introducing a plantation system. Much like the Spanish enslaved indigenous Indians to work in gold mines, the seventeenth brought a new series of oppressors in the form of the Dutch, the English, and the French. By the middle of the eighteenth century sugar was Britain's largest import which made the Caribbean that much more important as a colony. The “New World” plantations were established in order to fulfill the growing needs of the “Old World”. The sugar plantations were built with the intention of exporting the sugar back to Britain which is why the British did not need to stimulate local demand for the sugar with wages. A system of slavery was adapted since it allowed the colonizer to have an abundant work force with little worry about declining demands for sugar. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Caribbean WIKI]

'''"A sweetness of immorality and corruption."''' 
This conspiratorial talking about sugar boycotts makes me think that the events of these pages are happening after the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sugar_Act Sugar Act] of [[1764#April|April]] 5, 1764.

==Page 330==
'''''Macaronic'' profession''' 
Acting like a 'macaroni', a man whose principal interest in life is to be fashionable - as in the song 'Yankee Doodle'; 'He stuck a feather in his cap / And called it macaroni'.

'''Topick of Virtual Representation''' 
In the early stages of the American Revolution, colonists in North America followed rules imposed upon them by the British Parliament because the colonies were not represented in Parliament. According to the British constitution, colonists argued, taxes could only be levied on British subjects with their consent. Because the colonists were represented only in their provincial assemblies, they said, only those legislatures could levy taxes in the colonies. This concept was famously expressed as "No taxation without representation." From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virtual_representation WIKI]

'''Fort Pitt''' [[Image:BraddocksDefeat.jpg|thumb|Braddock's Defeat|right]]Fort Pitt was a fort in what is now the city of Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, Pennsylvania. The fort was built in 1758 during the French and Indian War, next to the site of Fort Duquesne. The French built Fort Duquesne in 1754, at the beginning of that war, and it became a focal point due to its strategic river location. The Braddock expedition, a 1755 attempt to take Fort Duquesne, met with a bloody repulse at the Monongahela River. The French garrison viciously mauled an attacking British regiment in September 1758, but abandoned and destroyed the fort at the approach of General John Forbes's expedition in November. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Pitt_(Pennsylvania) WIKI]

''''Tis the year '55 all over... after Braddock's Defeat''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_309 309].

'''Sun, [[1764#January|January]] 8, 1764''' 
from the journal: "Fixed on the house of Mr. John Harland's (about 31 miles West of Philadelphia) to bring our instruments to." However, it appears that they actually returned to Philadelphia on the 9th to get the observatory and tools and then returned to the Harlands on the 14th where they "set up the sector in his Garden (inclosed in a tent), and in the Evening brought the Instruments into the Meridian, and took the following observations..." 

'''setting up their observatory at John Harland's farm''' 
See the [http://wikimapia.org/13906779/Stargazer-s-Stone LINK]

==Page 333==

'''"By February..." [[1764#February|February]] 28th, 1764 

'''"In March a Company of Axmen...clear a Visto..." [[1764#March|March]] 17- [[1764#April|April]] 12, 1764'''

'''Alexander Bryant's farm''' 
Listed as Alexander ''Bryan'' in the Journal and all historical records. See this [http://www.whiteclayfriends.org/mason_and_dixon.php LINK] for much more info pertaining to M&D around this time.

==Page 334==
'''a newly-set chunk of Rose Quartz''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_440 440] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_44:_440-447#Page_441 441].

'''By June...they are instructed to proceed...''' 
They set out on [[1764#June|June]] 13, 1764.

'''Tangent Line''' 
[http://www.udel.edu/johnmack/mason_dixon/#fig6 diagram] 

'''Nanticoke''' 
The Nanticoke River is a major tributary of the Chesapeake Bay on the Delmarva Peninsula. It rises in southern Kent County, Delaware, flows through Sussex County, Delaware, and forms the boundary between Dorchester County, Maryland and Wicomico County, Maryland. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanticoke_River WIKI]

'''Great Cypress Swamp''' 
The Great Cypress Swamp (also known as Great Pocomoke Swamp, Cypress Swamp, or Big Cypress Swamp), is a forested freshwater swamp located on the Delmarva Peninsula in South Delaware and Southeastern Maryland... It is the northernmost of the southern swamps and one of many along the coast of the Atlantic Ocean. It covers about 50 square miles (130 km2), mostly in southern Sussex County, Delaware. It is the source of the Pocomoke River, which flows south, and Pepper Creek, which flows northeast. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Cypress_Swamp WIKI]

'''"Middle Point"''' 
Mason and Dixon confirmed earlier survey work which delineated Delaware's southern boundary from the Atlantic Ocean to the ”Middle Point” stone (along what is today known as the Transpeninsular Line). They proceeded nearly due north from this to the Pennsylvania border. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mason_dixon_line WIKI]

==Page 335==

'''centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle''' 
[http://www.newcastlecity.net/visitors/bldgs.html#Courthouse Courthouse]
[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=+211+Delaware+Street,+New+Castle,+DE&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.659801,-75.563643&spn=0.004072,0.010664&om=1 location][http://www.state.de.us/gic/photos/collections/historic/810.shtml photo]

'''Charles II''' 
Charles II (29 May 1630 OS – 6 February 1685) was the King of England, Scotland, and Ireland. See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles_II_of_England WIKI]

'''the younger William Penn''' 
William Penn (October 14, 1644 – July 30, 1718) was an English founder and "Absolute Proprietor" of the Province of Pennsylvania, the English North American colony and the future U.S. State of Pennsylvania. He was known as an early champion of democracy and religious freedom and famous for his good relations and his treaties with the Lenape Indians. Under his direction, Philadelphia was planned and developed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William_Penn WIKI]

==Page 336==

'''Fermat's Last Theorem''' 
In 1636, Fermat claimed--but never offered--a clever proof to a seemingly obvious math theorem. The theorem notes that squared numbers can be created by adding two other squares, as in the Pythagorean right-angled tringle 25 (5x5) = 16 (4x4) + 9 (3x3). The theorem states that this cannot be done with any power higher than 2. "The fact that the problem's statement is understandable by schoolchildren makes it all the more frustrating, and it has probably generated more incorrect proofs than any other problem in the history of mathematics. No correct proof was found for 357 years, when a proof was finally published by Andrew Wiles in 1994" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fermat%27s_last_theorem Wikipedia].

'''Finial upon something of Mr. Chippendale's''' 
Finial - "Forming the crown or completion; crowning" (ODE)
Mr. Chippendale: Thomas Chippendale (ca June 5, 1718 - November 1779) ([http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas_Chippendale Wikipedia]), a legendary "London cabinet-maker and furniture designer," whose designs--to this untrained poster's eyes--appear extraordinarily ornate?

'''the dead Hand of the second James''' 
"James II of England (also known as James VII of Scotland; 14 October 1633 – 16 September 1701) became King of England, King of Scots, and King of Ireland on 6 February 1685, and Duke of Normandy on 31 December 1660. He was the last Roman Catholic monarch to reign over the Kingdom of Scotland, Kingdom of England, and Kingdom of Ireland. Many of his subjects distrusted his religious policies and supposed despotism, leading a group of them to depose him in the Glorious Revolution. He was replaced not by his Roman Catholic son, James Francis Edward, but by his Protestant daughter and son-in-law, Mary II and William III, who became joint rulers in 1689. The belief that James — not William III or Mary II — was the legitimate ruler became known as [[J#Jacobites|Jacobitism]] (from Jacobus or Iacobus, Latin for James)" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_II_of_England Wikipedia]

'''the other Fictions that govern'd that unhappy Monarch's Life''' 
Are the fictions Jacobitism and Catholicism (per the [[Reverend Wicks Cherrycoke |Rev. Cherrycoke's]] POV)?

'''acufloral Meditations''' 
Acufloral is treatment (think acupressure) using floral essences on specific meridian points- however, I am going to gather that here, Pynchon is alluding to Tenebrae's stitching of a floral pattern using pins (ie. acupuncture-like).

'''Fescue''' 
A pointer, used for lessons with children.

Is this a purposeful hearkening of the sexual tensions related to the Fescue on [[Chapter 9: 87-93|pages 92-93]]?

==Page 337==

'''[[H#Head of Elk|Head of Elk]]''' 
Refers to the head of Maryland's Elk River. It flows through
Cecil County and into Chesapeake Bay in the NE corner of Maryland just west
of the Delaware border. Head of Elk was of strategic significance in the
Revolutionary War: [http://www.ushistory.org/march/phila/elk.htm MORE]

Also, the town of Elkton, a town in Cecil County, Maryland, United States... It was formerly called Head of Elk because it is located at the head of navigation on the Elk River, which flows into the nearby Chesapeake Bay. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elkton,_Maryland WIKI]

'''Calvert agents''' 
Calverts were settlers of Maryland, named after the colony's proprietor, George Calvert. See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225]; page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301]

'''Duke of York''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_336 336] - James II entry

==Page 338==
'''hypnagogic''' 
"The state of intermediate consciousness preceding sleep" (American Heritage Dictionary), associated with hallucinations.

'''fifteen years ago in the era of Don Vicente Lopez''' 
Who is Don Vicente Lopez? 
Vicente Antonio Lopez, 1745-1802 [http://cybergata.com/roots/6809.htm] The dates sorta work, but this Vicente Lopez seems wrong, however, since this Vicente Lopez does not seem to have had an era named after him. Please delete if this is irrelevant.

'''The great Scepter atop the Court House''' 
See "...centered upon the Spire of the Court House in New Castle..." on page 335, above.

'''[[R#Ridotto|Ridotto]] 
A gathering for music and dancing, often in masquerade, popular in 18th century England.

==Page 339==
'''waking each [[G#Glaucous|glaucous]] Dawn into sweat and stillness''' 
Glaucous describes color: a green that has been dulled bluish and grayish. Botanically, it describes green vegetation, dulled with powdery bloom.

'''Catterick''' 
Catterick, sometimes Catterick Village to distinguish it from the nearby Catterick Garrison, is a village in North Yorkshire. It dates back to Roman times, when Cataractonium was a Roman fort protecting the crossing of the Great North Road and Dere Street over the River Swale. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catterick,_North_Yorkshire WIKI]

'''Binchester''' 
Binchester Roman Fort (called Vinovia by the Romans) is situated just over 1 mile (1.6 km) to the north of the town of Bishop Auckland on the banks of the River Wear in County Durham, England. The fort was the site of a hamlet until the late middle-ages, but the modern-day village of Binchester is about 2 miles (3 km) to the east, near Spennymoor. The fort was established to guard the crossing of the River Wear by Dere Street, the main Roman road between York, Hadrian's Wall and Scotland, and also the fort's via principalis. It was the largest Roman fort in County Durham, but only a relatively small part of its centre has been excavated and is open to the public. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binchester_Roman_Fort WIKI]

'''Lanchester''' 
Longovicium (or Lanchester Roman Fort) was an auxiliary castra on Dere Street, in the Roman province of Britannia Inferior (Upper Britain - The Romans judged distances by proximity to Rome, therefore north England is inferior as it is farther away). Its ruins are located at Lanchester in the English county of Durham, roughly 8 miles (13 km) to the west of the city of Durham and 5 miles (8 km) from Consett. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Longovicium WIKI]

'''we must stand in [[G#Glaur| Glaur]] of uncertain Depth''' 
Glaur: "liquid mud of the filthiest sort" -- Northumbld. Gloss, 1893 (per OED); lowland Scots for mud. "A fool with his eyes in the glaur" (p. 229) is a Pynchonian way of saying "A man of little foresight."

'''In August they finally go chaining past the eighty-one-mile mark...''' 
happens on [[1764#August|August]] 25, 1764.

==Page 340==
'''Lancaster''' 
Lancaster is a city in the South Central part of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania and is the county seat of Lancaster County... Lancaster was part of the 1681 Penn's Woods Charter of William Penn, and was laid out by James Hamilton in 1734. It was incorporated as a borough in 1742 and incorporated as a city in 1818. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lancaster,_Pennsylvania WIKI]

'''"''Ehw'' deah..."''' 
Oh dear, with exaggerated upper-class elocution.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 32: 315-326

2013-05-06T21:14:51Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 322 */

__TOC__

==Page 315==
'''"Your Surveyors ''were'' Twins,-" "-were they not, Uncle?"''' 
Something to think about as far as Mason & Dixon as "Twins"; see this [http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheSpiderWomanandtheTwins-Hopi.html LINK] Notice the "keep this world in order" part, as well as the "Who are we? Why are we here?" (see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347]).

==Page 317==
'''in the design of the Remontoire''' 
In mechanical horology, a remontoire, (from the French remonter, meaning 'to wind') is a small secondary source of power, a weight or spring, which runs the timekeeping mechanism and is itself periodically rewound by the timepiece's main power source, such as a mainspring. In precision clocks and watches it is often used to place the source of power closer to the escapement thereby increasing the accuracy by evening out variations in drive force caused by unevenness of the friction in the geartrain. In spring-driven precision clocks a gravity remontoire is often used to replace the uneven force delivered by the mainspring running down by the more constant force of gravity acting on a weight. In turret clocks it serves to separate the large forces needed to drive the hands from the modest forces needed to drive the escapement which keeps the pendulum swinging. A remontoir should not be confused with a maintaining power spring, which is used only to keep the timepiece going while it is being wound. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remontoire WIKI]

'''''Prandium gratis non est''' 
There is no such thing as a free lunch

'''"Power may be borrow'd, as needed, against repayment dates deferrable indefinitely."''' 
The watch runs on some major credit

==Page 318==
'''Compound Interest''' 
Compound interest was once regarded as the worst kind of usury, and was severely condemned by Roman law, as well as the common laws of many other countries. Richard Witt's book Arithmeticall Questions, published in 1613, was a landmark in the history of compound interest. It was wholly devoted to the subject (previously called anatocism), whereas previous writers had usually treated compound interest briefly in just one chapter in a mathematical textbook. Witt's book gave tables based on 10% (the then maximum rate of interest allowable on loans) and on other rates for different purposes, such as the valuation of property leases. Witt was a London mathematical practitioner and his book is notable for its clarity of expression, depth of insight and accuracy of calculation, with 124 worked examples. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest WIKI]

'''''Mechanics, or, The Doctrine of Motion''''' 
Link to Emerson's book [http://www.archive.org/details/mechanicsordoctr00emer HERE]

'''Black Head''' 
Black Head is a headland on the south coast of England, to the east of Weymouth in Dorset. It lies on the Jurassic Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage landscape known for its geology. Fossils can be found in the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Head,_Dorset WIKI]

==Page 319==
'''Conservation of Energy''' 
The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. A consequence of this law is that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. The only thing that can happen with energy in a closed system is that it can change form, for instance kinetic energy can become thermal energy... Another consequence of this law is that perpetual motion machines can only work perpetually if they deliver no energy to their surroundings (as for instance, the solar system, which can only run so uniformly because the planets do no 'work'). If such machines produce more energy than is put into them, they must lose mass and thus eventually disappear over perpetual time, and are therefore impossible. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy WIKI]

'''''Principia''''' 
The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", often Principia or Principia Mathematica for short, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, first published on 5 July 1687. Newton also published two further editions, the second in 1713, and the third in 1726. The Principia contains the statement of Newton's laws of motion forming the foundation of classical mechanics, as well as his law of universal gravitation and a derivation of Kepler's laws for the motion of the planets (which were first obtained empirically). The Principia is "justly regarded as one of the most important works in the history of science". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica WIKI]

'''the Friendly Isles''' 
The world also knows the islands of Tonga as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain Cook on his first visit in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but were unable to agree on a plan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga WIKI]

==Page 320==

'''Negrito Toko''' 
Pygmyish person, but from Asia, specifically Toko (or Donggang). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungkang,_Pingtung WIKI]

==Page 321==
'''Shagreen''' 
Shagreen is a type of leather or rawhide consisting of rough untanned skin, formerly made from a horse's back or that of an onager (wild ass), and typically dyed green. The word derives from the French chagrin (sorrow) which in turn is borrowed from Turkish sağrı "the back of a horse". The roughness of texture led to the French meaning of displeasure or ill-humor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shagreen WIKI]

'''Linnaeus''' 
Carl Linnaeus, 23 May [O.S. 12 May] 1707 – 10 January 1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaeus WIKI]

'''R.C.''' 
Local land-surveyor employed "upon the Tangent Enigma" - but what does R.C. stand for? 'Roman Catholic' and 'Robinson Crusoe' seem unlikely. Given the character's temperament, Pynchon is likely making a pun on 'arsey' (from 'arse', the buttocks, forerunner and British equivalent of US 'ass') which Chambers dictionary gives as meaning 'irritable, bad tempered, argumentative'.

'''''Mens Rea''''' 
Law term- a criminal intent

==Page 322==
'''Tallow-Dip''' 
Candle made from tallow (a by-product of beef-fat rendering)

'''R.C. is caught in the light... just as the last bit of Gold Chain, suck'd between his Lips like a Chinese Noodle, disappears... "There wasn't Time."''' 
Reference and retelling of the legend of the "Ticking Stone" (where the Dutch fishwoman's chubby baby eats Dixon's chronometer) - You can read it [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/TheTickingStone.pdf HERE] - from "Tales of the Chesapeake" by George Alfred Townsend - link from [http://www.mdlpp.org/index.php?page=library The Mason & Dixon Line Preservation Partnership].

Also, for what it's worth, brings to mind the crocodile (Tick-Tock) that swallows the clock in ''Peter Pan'', see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characters_of_Peter_Pan#Other_characters WIKI].

==Page 323==
'''Sir Cloudsley Shovell''' 
Sir Cloudesley Shovell (c. November, 1650 – 22 October or 23 October 1707), English admiral, was baptised at Cockthorpe in Norfolk, in 1650. Rising through the officer ranks he became a popular British hero, whose celebrated naval career was brought to an end in a disastrous shipwreck in the Isles of Scilly... The disastrous wrecking of the fleet in home waters brought great consternation to the nation. Clearly, something better than dead reckoning was needed to navigate in dangerous waters. This led to the Longitude Act in 1714 which offered a large prize for anyone who could find a method of determining longitude accurately at sea. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovell WIKI]

'''Act of Sequestration''' 
Sequestration is the act of removing, separating or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequestration_(law) WIKI]

'''"the Delaware Triangle"... "The Wedge"''' 
The Wedge (or Delaware Wedge) is a small tract of land along the border between Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Well-intentioned efforts to precisely define colonial boundaries inadvertently created this geopolitical anomaly. This was due, primarily, to the shortcomings of contemporary surveying techniques and the resulting geographical vagaries. It is bounded on the north by an eastern extension of the east-west portion of the Mason-Dixon Line, on the west by the north-south portion of the Mason-Dixon line, and on the southeast by the New Castle, Delaware Twelve-Mile Circle. Ownership of this land was in dispute until 1921, when Delaware's ownership was confirmed by Pennsylvania. The crossroads community of McClellandville, Delaware, lies within the area today. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wedge_(border) WIKI]

==Page 324==
'''"Snoring's one thing, R.C... but that Ticking..."''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_322 322].

==Page 325==
'''Chirurgickal Extraction''' 
Chirurgical is an archaic term for "surgical"

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 32: 315-326

2013-05-06T21:12:30Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 321 */ RC redefined

__TOC__

==Page 315==
'''"Your Surveyors ''were'' Twins,-" "-were they not, Uncle?"''' 
Something to think about as far as Mason & Dixon as "Twins"; see this [http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheSpiderWomanandtheTwins-Hopi.html LINK] Notice the "keep this world in order" part, as well as the "Who are we? Why are we here?" (see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347]).

==Page 317==
'''in the design of the Remontoire''' 
In mechanical horology, a remontoire, (from the French remonter, meaning 'to wind') is a small secondary source of power, a weight or spring, which runs the timekeeping mechanism and is itself periodically rewound by the timepiece's main power source, such as a mainspring. In precision clocks and watches it is often used to place the source of power closer to the escapement thereby increasing the accuracy by evening out variations in drive force caused by unevenness of the friction in the geartrain. In spring-driven precision clocks a gravity remontoire is often used to replace the uneven force delivered by the mainspring running down by the more constant force of gravity acting on a weight. In turret clocks it serves to separate the large forces needed to drive the hands from the modest forces needed to drive the escapement which keeps the pendulum swinging. A remontoir should not be confused with a maintaining power spring, which is used only to keep the timepiece going while it is being wound. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remontoire WIKI]

'''''Prandium gratis non est''' 
There is no such thing as a free lunch

'''"Power may be borrow'd, as needed, against repayment dates deferrable indefinitely."''' 
The watch runs on some major credit

==Page 318==
'''Compound Interest''' 
Compound interest was once regarded as the worst kind of usury, and was severely condemned by Roman law, as well as the common laws of many other countries. Richard Witt's book Arithmeticall Questions, published in 1613, was a landmark in the history of compound interest. It was wholly devoted to the subject (previously called anatocism), whereas previous writers had usually treated compound interest briefly in just one chapter in a mathematical textbook. Witt's book gave tables based on 10% (the then maximum rate of interest allowable on loans) and on other rates for different purposes, such as the valuation of property leases. Witt was a London mathematical practitioner and his book is notable for its clarity of expression, depth of insight and accuracy of calculation, with 124 worked examples. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest WIKI]

'''''Mechanics, or, The Doctrine of Motion''''' 
Link to Emerson's book [http://www.archive.org/details/mechanicsordoctr00emer HERE]

'''Black Head''' 
Black Head is a headland on the south coast of England, to the east of Weymouth in Dorset. It lies on the Jurassic Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage landscape known for its geology. Fossils can be found in the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Head,_Dorset WIKI]

==Page 319==
'''Conservation of Energy''' 
The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. A consequence of this law is that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. The only thing that can happen with energy in a closed system is that it can change form, for instance kinetic energy can become thermal energy... Another consequence of this law is that perpetual motion machines can only work perpetually if they deliver no energy to their surroundings (as for instance, the solar system, which can only run so uniformly because the planets do no 'work'). If such machines produce more energy than is put into them, they must lose mass and thus eventually disappear over perpetual time, and are therefore impossible. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy WIKI]

'''''Principia''''' 
The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", often Principia or Principia Mathematica for short, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, first published on 5 July 1687. Newton also published two further editions, the second in 1713, and the third in 1726. The Principia contains the statement of Newton's laws of motion forming the foundation of classical mechanics, as well as his law of universal gravitation and a derivation of Kepler's laws for the motion of the planets (which were first obtained empirically). The Principia is "justly regarded as one of the most important works in the history of science". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica WIKI]

'''the Friendly Isles''' 
The world also knows the islands of Tonga as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain Cook on his first visit in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but were unable to agree on a plan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga WIKI]

==Page 320==

'''Negrito Toko''' 
Pygmyish person, but from Asia, specifically Toko (or Donggang). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungkang,_Pingtung WIKI]

==Page 321==
'''Shagreen''' 
Shagreen is a type of leather or rawhide consisting of rough untanned skin, formerly made from a horse's back or that of an onager (wild ass), and typically dyed green. The word derives from the French chagrin (sorrow) which in turn is borrowed from Turkish sağrı "the back of a horse". The roughness of texture led to the French meaning of displeasure or ill-humor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shagreen WIKI]

'''Linnaeus''' 
Carl Linnaeus, 23 May [O.S. 12 May] 1707 – 10 January 1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaeus WIKI]

'''R.C.''' 
Local land-surveyor employed "upon the Tangent Enigma" - but what does R.C. stand for? 'Roman Catholic' and 'Robinson Crusoe' seem unlikely. Given the character's temperament, Pynchon is likely making a pun on 'arsey' (from 'arse', the buttocks, forerunner and British equivalent of US 'ass') which Chambers dictionary gives as meaning 'irritable, bad tempered, argumentative'.

'''''Mens Rea''''' 
Law term- a criminal intent

==Page 322==
'''Tallow-Dip''' 
Candle made from tallow (a by-product of beef-fat rendering)

'''R.C. is caught in the light... just as the last bit of Gold Chain, suck'd between his Lips like a Chinese Noodle, disappears... "There wasn't Time."''' 
Reference and retelling of the legend of the "Ticking Stone" (where the Dutch fishwoman's (who feeds the linemen) chubby baby eats Dixon's chronometer) - You can read it [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/TheTickingStone.pdf HERE] - from "Tales of the Chesapeake" by George Alfred Townsend - link from [http://www.mdlpp.org/index.php?page=library The Mason & Dixon Line Preservation Partnership].

Also, for what it's worth, brings to mind the crocodile (Tick-Tock) that swallows the clock in ''Peter Pan'', see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characters_of_Peter_Pan#Other_characters WIKI].

==Page 323==
'''Sir Cloudsley Shovell''' 
Sir Cloudesley Shovell (c. November, 1650 – 22 October or 23 October 1707), English admiral, was baptised at Cockthorpe in Norfolk, in 1650. Rising through the officer ranks he became a popular British hero, whose celebrated naval career was brought to an end in a disastrous shipwreck in the Isles of Scilly... The disastrous wrecking of the fleet in home waters brought great consternation to the nation. Clearly, something better than dead reckoning was needed to navigate in dangerous waters. This led to the Longitude Act in 1714 which offered a large prize for anyone who could find a method of determining longitude accurately at sea. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovell WIKI]

'''Act of Sequestration''' 
Sequestration is the act of removing, separating or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequestration_(law) WIKI]

'''"the Delaware Triangle"... "The Wedge"''' 
The Wedge (or Delaware Wedge) is a small tract of land along the border between Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Well-intentioned efforts to precisely define colonial boundaries inadvertently created this geopolitical anomaly. This was due, primarily, to the shortcomings of contemporary surveying techniques and the resulting geographical vagaries. It is bounded on the north by an eastern extension of the east-west portion of the Mason-Dixon Line, on the west by the north-south portion of the Mason-Dixon line, and on the southeast by the New Castle, Delaware Twelve-Mile Circle. Ownership of this land was in dispute until 1921, when Delaware's ownership was confirmed by Pennsylvania. The crossroads community of McClellandville, Delaware, lies within the area today. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wedge_(border) WIKI]

==Page 324==
'''"Snoring's one thing, R.C... but that Ticking..."''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_322 322].

==Page 325==
'''Chirurgickal Extraction''' 
Chirurgical is an archaic term for "surgical"

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 32: 315-326

2013-05-06T21:00:54Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 319 */

__TOC__

==Page 315==
'''"Your Surveyors ''were'' Twins,-" "-were they not, Uncle?"''' 
Something to think about as far as Mason & Dixon as "Twins"; see this [http://www.firstpeople.us/FP-Html-Legends/TheSpiderWomanandtheTwins-Hopi.html LINK] Notice the "keep this world in order" part, as well as the "Who are we? Why are we here?" (see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_34:_341-348#Page_347 347]).

==Page 317==
'''in the design of the Remontoire''' 
In mechanical horology, a remontoire, (from the French remonter, meaning 'to wind') is a small secondary source of power, a weight or spring, which runs the timekeeping mechanism and is itself periodically rewound by the timepiece's main power source, such as a mainspring. In precision clocks and watches it is often used to place the source of power closer to the escapement thereby increasing the accuracy by evening out variations in drive force caused by unevenness of the friction in the geartrain. In spring-driven precision clocks a gravity remontoire is often used to replace the uneven force delivered by the mainspring running down by the more constant force of gravity acting on a weight. In turret clocks it serves to separate the large forces needed to drive the hands from the modest forces needed to drive the escapement which keeps the pendulum swinging. A remontoir should not be confused with a maintaining power spring, which is used only to keep the timepiece going while it is being wound. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remontoire WIKI]

'''''Prandium gratis non est''' 
There is no such thing as a free lunch

'''"Power may be borrow'd, as needed, against repayment dates deferrable indefinitely."''' 
The watch runs on some major credit

==Page 318==
'''Compound Interest''' 
Compound interest was once regarded as the worst kind of usury, and was severely condemned by Roman law, as well as the common laws of many other countries. Richard Witt's book Arithmeticall Questions, published in 1613, was a landmark in the history of compound interest. It was wholly devoted to the subject (previously called anatocism), whereas previous writers had usually treated compound interest briefly in just one chapter in a mathematical textbook. Witt's book gave tables based on 10% (the then maximum rate of interest allowable on loans) and on other rates for different purposes, such as the valuation of property leases. Witt was a London mathematical practitioner and his book is notable for its clarity of expression, depth of insight and accuracy of calculation, with 124 worked examples. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compound_interest WIKI]

'''''Mechanics, or, The Doctrine of Motion''''' 
Link to Emerson's book [http://www.archive.org/details/mechanicsordoctr00emer HERE]

'''Black Head''' 
Black Head is a headland on the south coast of England, to the east of Weymouth in Dorset. It lies on the Jurassic Coast, a UNESCO World Heritage landscape known for its geology. Fossils can be found in the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black_Head,_Dorset WIKI]

==Page 319==
'''Conservation of Energy''' 
The law of conservation of energy states that the total amount of energy in a closed system remains constant. A consequence of this law is that energy cannot be created nor destroyed. The only thing that can happen with energy in a closed system is that it can change form, for instance kinetic energy can become thermal energy... Another consequence of this law is that perpetual motion machines can only work perpetually if they deliver no energy to their surroundings (as for instance, the solar system, which can only run so uniformly because the planets do no 'work'). If such machines produce more energy than is put into them, they must lose mass and thus eventually disappear over perpetual time, and are therefore impossible. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conservation_of_energy WIKI]

'''''Principia''''' 
The Philosophiæ Naturalis Principia Mathematica, Latin for "Mathematical Principles of Natural Philosophy", often Principia or Principia Mathematica for short, is a work in three books by Isaac Newton, first published on 5 July 1687. Newton also published two further editions, the second in 1713, and the third in 1726. The Principia contains the statement of Newton's laws of motion forming the foundation of classical mechanics, as well as his law of universal gravitation and a derivation of Kepler's laws for the motion of the planets (which were first obtained empirically). The Principia is "justly regarded as one of the most important works in the history of science". From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philosophiae_Naturalis_Principia_Mathematica WIKI]

'''the Friendly Isles''' 
The world also knows the islands of Tonga as the Friendly Islands because of the friendly reception accorded to Captain Cook on his first visit in 1773. He happened to arrive at the time of the ʻinasi festival, the yearly donation of the first fruits to the Tuʻi Tonga, the islands' paramount chief, and received an invitation to the festivities. According to the writer William Mariner, in reality the chiefs had wanted to kill Cook during the gathering, but were unable to agree on a plan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonga WIKI]

==Page 320==

'''Negrito Toko''' 
Pygmyish person, but from Asia, specifically Toko (or Donggang). See [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tungkang,_Pingtung WIKI]

==Page 321==
'''Shagreen''' 
Shagreen is a type of leather or rawhide consisting of rough untanned skin, formerly made from a horse's back or that of an onager (wild ass), and typically dyed green. The word derives from the French chagrin (sorrow) which in turn is borrowed from Turkish sağrı "the back of a horse". The roughness of texture led to the French meaning of displeasure or ill-humor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shagreen WIKI]

'''Linnaeus''' 
Carl Linnaeus, 23 May [O.S. 12 May] 1707 – 10 January 1778) was a Swedish botanist, physician, and zoologist, who laid the foundations for the modern scheme of binomial nomenclature. He is known as the father of modern taxonomy, and is also considered one of the fathers of modern ecology. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linnaeus WIKI]

'''R.C.''' 
Local land-surveyor employed "upon the Tangent Enigma" - but what does R.C. stand for? Robinson Crusoe? Not that it would be that important to R.C.'s character here in ''M&D'', but this definitely works with the era, and also with the concern for the "Novel" that soon follows in Cherrycoke's web of tale (see discussion on [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_350 350] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_351 351]), as well as ''Mason & Dixon'' itself.

Robinson Crusoe is a novel by Daniel Defoe. It was first published in 1719, and is sometimes considered to be the first novel in English. The book, although based on the true story of a Scotsman, Alexander Selkirk, is a fictional autobiography of the title character, a castaway who spends 28 years on a remote tropical island near Venezuela, encountering Native Americans, captives, and mutineers before being rescued. This device, presenting an account of supposedly factual events, is known as a "false document" and gives a realistic frame story. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robinson_Crusoe WIKI]

'''''Mens Rea''''' 
Law term- a criminal intent

==Page 322==
'''Tallow-Dip''' 
Candle made from tallow (a by-product of beef-fat rendering)

'''R.C. is caught in the light... just as the last bit of Gold Chain, suck'd between his Lips like a Chinese Noodle, disappears... "There wasn't Time."''' 
Reference and retelling of the legend of the "Ticking Stone" (where the Dutch fishwoman's (who feeds the linemen) chubby baby eats Dixon's chronometer) - You can read it [http://www.mdlpp.org/pdf/library/TheTickingStone.pdf HERE] - from "Tales of the Chesapeake" by George Alfred Townsend - link from [http://www.mdlpp.org/index.php?page=library The Mason & Dixon Line Preservation Partnership].

Also, for what it's worth, brings to mind the crocodile (Tick-Tock) that swallows the clock in ''Peter Pan'', see [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Characters_of_Peter_Pan#Other_characters WIKI].

==Page 323==
'''Sir Cloudsley Shovell''' 
Sir Cloudesley Shovell (c. November, 1650 – 22 October or 23 October 1707), English admiral, was baptised at Cockthorpe in Norfolk, in 1650. Rising through the officer ranks he became a popular British hero, whose celebrated naval career was brought to an end in a disastrous shipwreck in the Isles of Scilly... The disastrous wrecking of the fleet in home waters brought great consternation to the nation. Clearly, something better than dead reckoning was needed to navigate in dangerous waters. This led to the Longitude Act in 1714 which offered a large prize for anyone who could find a method of determining longitude accurately at sea. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shovell WIKI]

'''Act of Sequestration''' 
Sequestration is the act of removing, separating or seizing anything from the possession of its owner under process of law for the benefit of creditors or the state. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sequestration_(law) WIKI]

'''"the Delaware Triangle"... "The Wedge"''' 
The Wedge (or Delaware Wedge) is a small tract of land along the border between Delaware, Maryland, and Pennsylvania. Well-intentioned efforts to precisely define colonial boundaries inadvertently created this geopolitical anomaly. This was due, primarily, to the shortcomings of contemporary surveying techniques and the resulting geographical vagaries. It is bounded on the north by an eastern extension of the east-west portion of the Mason-Dixon Line, on the west by the north-south portion of the Mason-Dixon line, and on the southeast by the New Castle, Delaware Twelve-Mile Circle. Ownership of this land was in dispute until 1921, when Delaware's ownership was confirmed by Pennsylvania. The crossroads community of McClellandville, Delaware, lies within the area today. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Wedge_(border) WIKI]

==Page 324==
'''"Snoring's one thing, R.C... but that Ticking..."''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_32:_315-326#Page_322 322].

==Page 325==
'''Chirurgickal Extraction''' 
Chirurgical is an archaic term for "surgical"

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 30: 296-301

2013-05-06T20:52:30Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 301 */

==Page 296==
''''Upon the day appointed...' [[1763#December|December]] 5, 1763''' 

'''...the House in Question, to establish its north Wall officially as the southernmost Point of Philadelphia.''' 
According to personal communication with Todd M. Babcock, Chairman of the Mason and Dixon Line Preservation Partnership, [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=39+56+27.11961+N+75+08+37.32277+W&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.94087,-75.143706&spn=0.004277,0.010664&om=1&iwloc=addr this]to within 5'+/- is the location of the point they surveyed as the southernmost point. The house was called the Plumstead and Huddle House located at 30 South (Cedar) Street and was established as the southernmost point in 1763.

'''Odalisque''' 
Turkish- Female slave in a harem

'''...erecting an Observatory in a vacant Piece, nearby...''' 
Mr. Babcock gives [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=39+56+28.28549+N+75+08+39.02005+W&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.941191,-75.144167&spn=0.004277,0.010664&om=1&iwloc=addr this] as the location of the Observatory to within 5'+/-.

==Page 297==
'''Mr. Chew''' 
Benjamin Chew (November 19, 1722 – January 20, 1810) was a lawyer, politician and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania... He held a number of offices in the Pennsylvania colonial government, both elected and appointed. In 1751, he served on the boundary commission that supervised the creation of the Mason-Dixon line. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chew WIKI]

'''"...easier reading, nicer reading." 
Ben Loxley is using 'nice' in its 18th century sense of 'precise, exact', as preserved in the expression 'to a nicety'.

==Page 298==
'''Flower-de-luce''' 
another flower-named tavern (like the Orchid.)
"Flower of Light." A lily and a magnetical symbol for North. Also the
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur-de-lis Fleur de lis] 

==Page 301==
'''''Cryptoscope''''' 
Would not be invented for some time, an early X-Ray machine of sorts, see [http://home.comcast.net/~znhakim/web5/RadiologyrelatedItems/PattersonOperatingFluoroscope.htm THIS LINK] - Later to be known as a Fluoroscope

'''Cecilius Calvert''' 
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an English coloniser who was the first proprietor of the Maryland colony. He received the proprietorship that was intended for his father, George Calvert, the 1st Lord Baltimore, who died shortly before it was granted. Cecil established Maryland from his home in England, and as a Catholic continued the legacy of his father by promoting Religious tolerance in the colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilius_Calvert WIKI]

'''Lord Lepton''' 
1. Leptons are a family of elementary particles, alongside quarks and gauge bosons (also known as force carriers). Like quarks, leptons are fermions (spin-1⁄2 particles) and are subject to the electromagnetic force, the gravitational force, and weak interaction, but unlike quarks, leptons do not participate in the strong interaction... Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model, especially the electrons which are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton WIKI]

2. Lepton is a suburb of the town of Huddersfield in the English county of West Yorkshire. It is situated some 7 km to the east of, and 120 m above, the town centre and lies directly north of Lepton Great Wood... There are three main roads (B roads) which run through Lepton; Rowley Lane which joins Highgate Lane at a mini-roundabout and Station Road which goes onto become Highgate Lane. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton,_West_Yorkshire WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 30: 296-301

2013-05-06T20:49:57Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 297 */

==Page 296==
''''Upon the day appointed...' [[1763#December|December]] 5, 1763''' 

'''...the House in Question, to establish its north Wall officially as the southernmost Point of Philadelphia.''' 
According to personal communication with Todd M. Babcock, Chairman of the Mason and Dixon Line Preservation Partnership, [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=39+56+27.11961+N+75+08+37.32277+W&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.94087,-75.143706&spn=0.004277,0.010664&om=1&iwloc=addr this]to within 5'+/- is the location of the point they surveyed as the southernmost point. The house was called the Plumstead and Huddle House located at 30 South (Cedar) Street and was established as the southernmost point in 1763.

'''Odalisque''' 
Turkish- Female slave in a harem

'''...erecting an Observatory in a vacant Piece, nearby...''' 
Mr. Babcock gives [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=39+56+28.28549+N+75+08+39.02005+W&ie=UTF8&z=17&ll=39.941191,-75.144167&spn=0.004277,0.010664&om=1&iwloc=addr this] as the location of the Observatory to within 5'+/-.

==Page 297==
'''Mr. Chew''' 
Benjamin Chew (November 19, 1722 – January 20, 1810) was a lawyer, politician and Chief Justice of the Supreme Court of the Province of Pennsylvania... He held a number of offices in the Pennsylvania colonial government, both elected and appointed. In 1751, he served on the boundary commission that supervised the creation of the Mason-Dixon line. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Benjamin_Chew WIKI]

'''"...easier reading, nicer reading." 
Ben Loxley is using 'nice' in its 18th century sense of 'precise, exact', as preserved in the expression 'to a nicety'.

==Page 298==
'''Flower-de-luce''' 
another flower-named tavern (like the Orchid.)
"Flower of Light." A lily and a magnetical symbol for North. Also the
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur-de-lis Fleur de lis] 

==Page 301==
'''''Cryptoscope''''' 
Wouldnt be invented for some time, an early X-Ray machine of sorts, see [http://home.comcast.net/~znhakim/web5/RadiologyrelatedItems/PattersonOperatingFluoroscope.htm THIS LINK] - Later to be known as a Fluoroscope

'''Cecilius Calvert''' 
Cecilius Calvert, 2nd Baron Baltimore (August 8, 1605 – November 30, 1675), usually called Cecil, was an English coloniser who was the first proprietor of the Maryland colony. He received the proprietorship that was intended for his father, George Calvert, the 1st Lord Baltimore, who died shortly before it was granted. Cecil established Maryland from his home in England, and as a Catholic continued the legacy of his father by promoting Religious tolerance in the colony. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cecilius_Calvert WIKI]

'''Lord Lepton''' 
1. Leptons are a family of elementary particles, alongside quarks and gauge bosons (also known as force carriers). Like quarks, leptons are fermions (spin-1⁄2 particles) and are subject to the electromagnetic force, the gravitational force, and weak interaction, but unlike quarks, leptons do not participate in the strong interaction... Leptons are an important part of the Standard Model, especially the electrons which are one of the components of atoms, alongside protons and neutrons. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton WIKI]

2. Lepton is a suburb of the town of Huddersfield in the English county of West Yorkshire. It is situated some 7 km to the east of, and 120 m above, the town centre and lies directly north of Lepton Great Wood... There are three main roads (B roads) which run through Lepton; Rowley Lane which joins Highgate Lane at a mini-roundabout and Station Road which goes onto become Highgate Lane. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lepton,_West_Yorkshire WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 41: 410-421

2013-05-06T17:57:04Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 417 */

==Page 410==
'''Ridotto''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_71 71] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_338 338].

'''Nonpareil''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonpareil Wiktionary]:
# A person or thing that has no equal; a paragon.
# A small, flat chocolate drop covered with white pellets of sugar.

'''Lepton Castle''' 
"Lepton" is Greek money. It is also a subatomic particle. See, also, [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22311&sort=date "Dinn's Notes": MDMD(14) Notes & Questions Part 1, 410.16] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301].

'''his Lordship''' 
[[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]]

==Page 411==
'''Tallow Dips, and the last feeble Rush-Light''' 
"The first candles probably consisted of dried rushes soaked in grease.
Homemade rushlights were commonly used in England as late as 1800
because, although they smoked and smelled horribly, they were so
cheap ... Eventually someone discovered the method of making a "tallow dip"
with a wick running longitudinally through its center. The wick -- a few
threads of flax, hemp, or cotton, lightly twisted or plaited -- was dipped
in melted tallow and allowed to cool, again and again, until the candle
had a desired thickness" -- [http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/500-599/nb590.htm ''Candles''. Nature Bulletin No. 590. Forest Preserve District of Cook County. February 6, 1960]

Note that the lighting technologies are listed regressively, as if moving back through time.

'''Bloomeries''' 
bloomery -- a forge in which wrought iron is made straight from ore ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bloomery Wiktionary])

'''Invisible Hand''' 
“Adam Smith's notion that rational agents guided by their own self-interest would act in such a way as to promote the public interest, the foundation of laissez-faire economics which caused much of the misery associated with the Industrial Revolution” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Invisible Hand]

==Page 412==
'''Gangue''' 
"(mining) The earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gangue Wiktionary]

'''Equations of Proprietary Happiness''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_328 328].

'''more room inside than could possibly be contained in the sorrowing ruin''' 
Cf. "a Conveyance, wherein the inside is quite noticeably larger than the outside", page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_354 354].

'''Plafond''' 
Plafond, in a broad sense, is any (flat, vaulted or dome) ceiling of any premise. Plafond can be product of monumental and decorative painting and sculpture; subject or ornamental - also is designated by the term "Plafond". Picturesque plafonds can be executed directly on plaster (in technique of fresco, oil, glutinous, synthetic paints, etc.), on a canvas attached to a ceiling (panel), a mosaic, and other methods. As a part of decorative furniture of church and palace stateroom plafonds received a wide circulation in 17 - beginning of 19 centuries. For plafond compositions of this period typically use of effect of illusory break in architectural in open or proceeding behind a ceiling space, the image of figures and architectural details in strong foreshortenings. – from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plafond Wikipedia]

'''silver sconce and Sperm Taper Light''' 
"sperm taper is a candle made from spermaceti or sperm oil. sconce, LME, aphetic fr Fr esconse = hiding place or lantern, or fr med Lat sconsa aphetic fr absconsa (laterna) = dark (lantern), 1 a) A lantern or candlestick with a screen to protect the light from the wind, and a handle for carrying, LMW-M18, b) a flat candlestick with a handle, M19, 2 A bracket for a candle or a light hung on or fixed to an interior wall, rare M19." -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

==Page 413==
'''from the Oboick Reveries of the Besozzis, as the Imperial Melismata of Quantz''' 
* Besozzis: probably Antonio Besozzi and his son Carlo Besozzi, oboists and composers (numerous gifted woodwind players apparently sprung from the Besozzi family tree)
* Melismata: plural form of melism, “a melody or melodic sequence of notes. Usually spec. (in singing and vocal composition): the prolongation of one syllable over a number of notes; an instance of this” – the OED
* Quantz, Johann Joaquim (1697-1773): German flautist and composer, and court composer for Frederick II, the Great. He wrote a treatise on flute playing and composed a huge quantity of pieces for the flute.

Question: Did Quantz compose a piece entitled "Melismata"?

No, but he wrote a treatise on Flute Playing which deals with ornamentation such as Melismata - see [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Ornamentation.htm]

Trivia: Quantz and Carlo Besozzi were both oboists for the Dresden court: Carlo from 1754 until his death; Quantz seemingly earlier as he entered Frederick the Great's service in 1741.

'''Hurricanoe''' 
“aka "Hurricane" (a large private party - 18th cent.)” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/h.html HyperArts entry: Hurricanoe/Hurricane]

==Page 414==
'''Climbers' Discourse''' 
???

Likely of social climbers.

'''behave inconveniently''' 
[[I#inconvenience|Inconvenience]] again, see entry on [[Chapter 40:399-409| page 401]].

'''Churs of Stroud''' 
Churs = electors???
Stroud = Stroud, Gloucestershire UK: [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Calvert agent Captain Dasp''' 
Calvert County Realtors - Calvert Agents In Maryland.

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_393 393].

==Page 415==
'''Raby Castle''' 
[[Image:RubyCastle.jpg|thumb|Raby Castle from Jones' Views (1819)|right]]
"Raby Castle [...] near Staindrop, County Durham is one of the largest inhabited castles in England. It has opulent eighteenth and nineteenth century interiors inside a largely unchanged late medieval shell. It is a Grade I listed building. Raby once belonged to the Neville family, who became one of the most powerful in England" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raby_Castle Wikipedia] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_5:_42-46#Page_43 43].

[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=raby+castle,+Staindrop,+County+Durham&sll=54.630531,-1.773605&sspn=0.168921,0.460739&ie=UTF8&ll=54.595166,-1.808538&spn=0.010567,0.028796&z=15&iwloc=addr&om=1 Google Maps]

'''Brunswick style''' 
worn with a petticoat, the Brunswick was an informal gown or Riding Habit. A riding habit consisted of a petticoat, jacket, and waistcoat.

'''wine-colored Cordovan''' 
a favorite boot color of TRP's. There is a "wine-cordovan boot" on page 121 of ATD, also a female's.

'''French Court heels''' 
Ladies of the French court once carried canes to support themselves on uncomfortable high heels. Heels became lower after the French Revolution, not surprisingly.

'''Iron Nabob''' 
Nabob (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nabob Wiktionary]):
#an Indian ruler within the Mogul empire; a nawab
#(by extension) someone of great wealth or importance

'''Phrygioid if not Phrygian''' 
According to unvarying tradition the Phrygians were most closely akin to certain tribes of Macedonia and Thrace; and their near relationship to the Hellenic stock is proved by all that is known of their language and
art, and is accepted by almost every modern authority. -- [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Phrygia Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 th edition]. Pynchon's wit makes up the word Phrygioid to mean something like "like Phrygian" that is fake Phyrgian due to the prevalence of 'British modality'--preceding phrase.

"Phrygian Mode - A lot of traditional music, especially Scottish and Irish is termed 'Modal' because it does not follow the conventional modern major or
minor scales. There are seven modes, and Phrygian is the one that starts with E." --[http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Three Pages Per Day'' Project]
This is not quite accurate; the Phrygian mode starts with E if C is the Parent major (Ionian) scale. The Phrygian mode starts with the 3rd note of a major scale, resulting in a natural minor scale with a flatted 2nd. This gives the following degrees: 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7.

==Page 416==
'''pierc'd paint Eyes of Nevilles and Vanes''' 
"Presumably like some Hammer House of Horror movie there is a tunnel passing behind the portraits in the gallery" ([http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]). Raby's castle was once held by the Nevilles ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/nevills_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Nevilles]) and was later passed to the Vanes ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/vanes_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Vanes]). Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225].

'''''Bellezza, che chiama''''' 
"a beauty that beckons" - [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Italian Translations]

'''multiply-bepoxed''' 
An incurable romantic, perhaps.

'''after three of these trans-Stygian Years, become Journeyman''' 
Stygian (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stygian Wiktionary]):
#Dark and gloomy
#Infernal or hellish
#Of, or relating to the river Styx

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_399 399] for Mason's Styx analogies

==Page 417==
'''Chatelaine''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chatelaine Wiktionary]:
#The mistress of a castle or large household.
#A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women in the 16th to the 19th centuries, with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached.

'''Mignonette''' 
"A type of fine French bobbin lace made in narrow strips and having the consistency of tulle. Occas. more fully mignonette lace. Now hist" -- OED

'''Great Chain of Being this, Great Chain of Being that, [...] this rather lengthy ''Chain'' [...] Is there something [...] dangling from its bottom end?''' [[File:GreatChainofBeing.png|200px|thumb|right|1579 drawing of the great chain of being from Didacus Valades, ''Rhetorica Christiana'']]The great chain of being is a classical and western medieval conception of the order of the universe, whose chief characteristic is a strict hierarchical system. 
It is a conception of the world's structure that was accepted, and unquestioned, by most educated men from the time of Lucretius until the Copernican and Darwinian revolution and the ultimate flowering of the Renaissance. The chain of being is composed of a great number of hierarchal links, from the most basic and foundational elements up through the very highest perfection, in other words, God, or the Prime Mover. 

God, and beneath him the angels, both existing wholly in spirit form, sit at the top of the chain. Earthly flesh is fallible and ever-changing: mutable. Spirit, however, is unchanging and permanent. This sense of permanence is crucial to understanding this conception of reality. One does not abandon one's place in the chain; it is not only unthinkable, but generally impossible. The hierarchy is a chain and not a ladder. 

The natural order, earth (rock) is at the bottom of the chain; these elements possess only the attribute of existence. Moving on up the chain, each succeeding link contains the positive attributes of the previous link, and adds (at least) one other. Rocks, as above, possess only existence; the next link up, plants, possess life and existence. Beasts add not only motion, but appetite as well. 

Man is a special instance in this conception. He is both mortal flesh, as those below him, and also spirit. In this dichotomy, the struggle between flesh and spirit becomes a moral one. -- abridged (slightly) from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chain_of_Being Wikipedia]

Notice Pynchon's multimeaning playfulness with the "chains" of the Chainmen and, one must think, the chains of the slave trade. This joking on the concept by Lord Lepton seems to touch some deep themes of M & D.

What [creature] dangles at the bottom of the chain? Where does it "fall" if it 'fails to hold on'? Stephen Hawking's 1988 book A Brief History of Time, quotes the following story:

A well-known scientist (some say it was Bertrand Russell) once gave a public lecture on astronomy. He described how the earth orbits around the sun and how the sun, in turn, orbits around the center of a vast collection of stars called our galaxy. At the end of the lecture, a little old lady at the back of the room got up and said: "What you have told us is rubbish. The world is really a flat plate supported on the back of a giant tortoise." The scientist gave a superior smile before replying, "What is the tortoise standing on?" "You're very clever, young man, very clever," said the old lady. "But it's turtles all the way down!"

'''Perhaps it is a Helixxx''' 
DNA? Though note the suggestion of a snake. (Cf. "the Serpent," [[Chapter 13: 125-145|Ch. 13, p. 135]]; "Something underground, moving Westward," [[Chapter 30: 296-301|Ch. 30, p. 299]])

==Page 418==
'''You sound like one of those Leveler chaps''' 
Levelers or Levellers, English Puritan sect active at the time of the English civil war. The name was apparently applied to them in 1647, in derision of their beliefs in equality. The Levelers demanded fundamental constitutional reform—a written constitution, a single supreme representative body elected by universal manhood suffrage, proportional representation, and the abolition of monarchy and noble privilege. Their ideals, far in advance of their time, were those of complete religious and political equality. They were adept at the use of mass petitions and extensive pamphleteering to arouse the public. When the Long Parliament did not respond to their ideas, they tried to build support in the ranks of the army, with some success. -- Columbia Encyclopedia

'''fiduciary''' 
A fiduciary duty is a legal or ethical relationship of confidence or trust between two or more parties, most commonly a fiduciary or trustee and a principal or beneficiary. One party, for example a corporate trust company or the trust department of a bank, holds a fiduciary relation or acts in a fiduciary capacity to another, such as one whose funds are entrusted to it for investment. In a fiduciary relation one person justifiably reposes confidence, good faith, reliance and trust in another whose aid, advice or protection is sought in some matter. In such a relation good conscience requires one to act at all times for the sole benefit and interests of another, with loyalty to those interests. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciary WIKI]

'''nitter-natter''' 
??? chitter-chatter? ???

'''Coke''' 
Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous... Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace... In 1709, Abraham Darby I established a coke-fired blast furnace to produce cast iron. Coke's superior crushing strength allowed blast furnaces to become taller and larger. The ensuing availability of inexpensive iron was one of the factors leading to the Industrial Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel) WIKI]

'''Staithes''' 
plural for Stath (from OED):
#The land bordering on water, a bank, shore.
#A landing-stage, wharf; esp. a waterside depôt for coals brought from the collieries for shipment, furnished with staging and shoots for loading vessels.
#An embankment.

Staithes is an English village at the most northerly point of the North Yorkshire coast [...] Roxby Beck (a small river) running through Staithes is the border between North Yorkshire and neighbouring Redcar and Cleveland. Formerly one of the largest and most productive fishing centres in North-East England, Staithes is now largely a tourist destination thanks to its picturesque appearance [...] Staithes is noted for its sheltered harbour, bounded by high cliffs and two long breakwaters. A mile to the north, Boulby Cliff is the highest cliff in England - from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staithes Wikipedia]

'''Medmenham''' 
There was a Cistercian abbey founded in Medmenham in the 12th century, under the ownership of Woburn Abbey, though it was not officially recognised by royal charter until 1200. In 1547 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries the abbey was seized and given to the Moore family, and then sold privately to the Duffields. It was while in the possession of the Duffields that the abbey became infamous as the location of The Hellfire Club, formerly called the Monks of Medmenham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medmenham WIKI]

'''the Hellfire Club''' 
The Hellfire Club was the popular name for a number of supposed exclusive clubs for high society rakes established all over Britain and Ireland in the 18th century. These clubs were rumoured to be the meeting places of "persons of quality" who wished to take part in immoral acts, and the members were often very involved in politics. Neither the activities nor membership of the club are easy to ascertain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hellfire_Club WIKI] Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_110 110], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

==Page 419==
'''Damask Pulse''' 
Damasks were one of the five basic weaving techniques of the Byzantine and Islamic weaving centres of the early Middle Ages, and derive their name from their supposed origin in the city of Damascus, Syria... By the fourteenth century, damasks were being woven on draw looms in Italy. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, most damasks were woven in a single colour, with a glossy warp-faced satin pattern against a duller ground. Two-colour damasks had contrasting colour warps and wefts, and polychrome damasks added gold and other metallic threads or additional colors as supplemental brocading wefts. Medieval damasks were usually woven in silk, but wool and linen damasks were also woven. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask WIKI]

'''It is difficult in these days of closer-fitting Attire, to imagine the enormous volumes of unoccupied Space that once lay between is Skirt's outer Envelope and the woman's body far within.''' 
"Is this another case where inside and outside have wildly different metric
properties. And what about ''these days'' [?] Were skirts so much tighter in the 1780s than in the 1760s [?] If not then who is speaking and when?" -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

'''Chrysalis''' 
A chrysalis or nympha is the pupal stage of butterflies. The term is derived from the metallic gold-colouration found in the pupae of many butterflies referred to by the Greek term χρυσός (chrysós) for gold. Because chrysalides are often showy and are formed in the open, they are the most familiar examples of pupae. Most chrysalides are attached to a surface by a Velcro-like arrangement of a silken pad spun by the caterpillar and a set of hooks (cremaster) at the tip of the pupal abdomen. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysalis#Chrysalis WIKI]

'''Majordomos''' 
Plural form of Majordomo (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/majordomos Wiktionary]):
#The head servant in a wealthy European household
#A butler

'''Soubrette''' 
a lightweight soprano voice or type of soprano role, frequently found in comic operas or operettas; the soubrette usually possesses a flirtatious demeanor and street wise manner, as in the case of Adele in Die Fledermaus, or is a particularly fetching country innocent, like Adina in The Elixir of Love. Webster's online dictionary.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ''' 
See [[W#widows | Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 420==
'''Otick Catarrh''' 
Mason is suggesting he will get an ear ache (or infection) from Dixon's "loud" and "moist" whisperings:
*Octic - "(anatomy) of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Otic Wiktionary]) 
*Catarrh - "inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catarrh Wiktionary])

'''Ague''' 
Apogee (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apogee Wiktionary]):
# (astronomy) That point in the orbit of any object which is at the greatest distance from the center of the central body. For example, the point in the moon's orbit which is the greatest distance from the center of the earth.
# The highest point.

'''Viudas de Cristo''' 
Spanish: "The Widows of Christ"

'''Peace of Paris''' 
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the Seven Years' War. The treaty marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside of Europe. Notably, the treaty did not involve either Prussia or Austria who signed a separate Treaty of Hubertusburg. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763) WIKI]

'''Pepe d'Escaubitte''' 
An escaubitte is a calker's oil-box.

'''Iron-Mask Marthioly''' 
Ercole Antonio Mattioli (1640–1694) was a minister of Duke Charles IV of Mantua. He was kidnapped and imprisoned by Louis XIV of France. He has been associated with the Man in the Iron Mask... In 1679, Louis XIV had his French envoy d'Estrades kidnap Mattioli and take him to France. There Mattioli was imprisoned in the fortress of Pignerol where he was eventually put into solitary confinement. By 1680 he was described as nearly mad. His manservant was also kidnapped and held with him. Ercole Antonio Mattioli died in 1694 while incarcerated on the island of Sainte-Marguerite. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercole_Antonio_Mattioli WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Boys from Presque Isle''' 
Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqu'île) was a fort built by French soldiers in 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The fort was part of a line that included Fort Le Boeuf, Fort Machault, and Fort Duquesne. The fort was built as part of the French military occupation of the Ohio Country; rival claims to the area by the British led to the French and Indian War. After the 1759 British victory at the Battle of Fort Niagara, the French burned the fort and retreated from the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Presque_Isle WIKI]

==Page 421==
'''Paradise of Chance''' 
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=C#chums The Chums of Chance in ''Against the Day''].

A-and from an article on the Ancient Greek philosopher perhaps most associated with the concept of Chance, Democritus: "it[chance] seems to be an attempt to show how an apparently ordered arrangement can arise automatically, as a byproduct of the random collisions of bodies in motion. No attractive forces or purposes need be introduced to explain the sorting by the tide or in the sieve: it is probable that this is an attempt to show how apparently orderly effects can be produced without goal-directioned forces or purpose." [http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=democritus Democritus] 
Such a condition would be Paradisaical in Pynchon's anti-determinism vision.

'''E-O Wheel''' 
"Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Bezique''' 
Bezique (in French, bézique) is a 19th century French melding and trick-taking card game for two players derived from Mariage via Briscan by the addition of more scoring features - notably a peculiar liaison Q ♠and J♦ under the names Bésigue, Binokel, Pinochle, etc., according to the country. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezique WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 41: 410-421

2013-05-06T17:49:29Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 416 */

==Page 410==
'''Ridotto''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_7:_58-76#Page_71 71] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_338 338].

'''Nonpareil''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nonpareil Wiktionary]:
# A person or thing that has no equal; a paragon.
# A small, flat chocolate drop covered with white pellets of sugar.

'''Lepton Castle''' 
"Lepton" is Greek money. It is also a subatomic particle. See, also, [http://waste.org/mail/?list=pynchon-l&month=9712&msg=22311&sort=date "Dinn's Notes": MDMD(14) Notes & Questions Part 1, 410.16] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301].

'''his Lordship''' 
[[L#lepton|Lord Lepton]]

==Page 411==
'''Tallow Dips, and the last feeble Rush-Light''' 
"The first candles probably consisted of dried rushes soaked in grease.
Homemade rushlights were commonly used in England as late as 1800
because, although they smoked and smelled horribly, they were so
cheap ... Eventually someone discovered the method of making a "tallow dip"
with a wick running longitudinally through its center. The wick -- a few
threads of flax, hemp, or cotton, lightly twisted or plaited -- was dipped
in melted tallow and allowed to cool, again and again, until the candle
had a desired thickness" -- [http://www.newton.dep.anl.gov/natbltn/500-599/nb590.htm ''Candles''. Nature Bulletin No. 590. Forest Preserve District of Cook County. February 6, 1960]

Note that the lighting technologies are listed regressively, as if moving back through time.

'''Bloomeries''' 
bloomery -- a forge in which wrought iron is made straight from ore ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/bloomery Wiktionary])

'''Invisible Hand''' 
“Adam Smith's notion that rational agents guided by their own self-interest would act in such a way as to promote the public interest, the foundation of laissez-faire economics which caused much of the misery associated with the Industrial Revolution” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Invisible Hand]

==Page 412==
'''Gangue''' 
"(mining) The earthy waste substances occurring in metallic ore" -- [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Gangue Wiktionary]

'''Equations of Proprietary Happiness''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_328 328].

'''more room inside than could possibly be contained in the sorrowing ruin''' 
Cf. "a Conveyance, wherein the inside is quite noticeably larger than the outside", page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_35:_349-361#Page_354 354].

'''Plafond''' 
Plafond, in a broad sense, is any (flat, vaulted or dome) ceiling of any premise. Plafond can be product of monumental and decorative painting and sculpture; subject or ornamental - also is designated by the term "Plafond". Picturesque plafonds can be executed directly on plaster (in technique of fresco, oil, glutinous, synthetic paints, etc.), on a canvas attached to a ceiling (panel), a mosaic, and other methods. As a part of decorative furniture of church and palace stateroom plafonds received a wide circulation in 17 - beginning of 19 centuries. For plafond compositions of this period typically use of effect of illusory break in architectural in open or proceeding behind a ceiling space, the image of figures and architectural details in strong foreshortenings. – from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plafond Wikipedia]

'''silver sconce and Sperm Taper Light''' 
"sperm taper is a candle made from spermaceti or sperm oil. sconce, LME, aphetic fr Fr esconse = hiding place or lantern, or fr med Lat sconsa aphetic fr absconsa (laterna) = dark (lantern), 1 a) A lantern or candlestick with a screen to protect the light from the wind, and a handle for carrying, LMW-M18, b) a flat candlestick with a handle, M19, 2 A bracket for a candle or a light hung on or fixed to an interior wall, rare M19." -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

==Page 413==
'''from the Oboick Reveries of the Besozzis, as the Imperial Melismata of Quantz''' 
* Besozzis: probably Antonio Besozzi and his son Carlo Besozzi, oboists and composers (numerous gifted woodwind players apparently sprung from the Besozzi family tree)
* Melismata: plural form of melism, “a melody or melodic sequence of notes. Usually spec. (in singing and vocal composition): the prolongation of one syllable over a number of notes; an instance of this” – the OED
* Quantz, Johann Joaquim (1697-1773): German flautist and composer, and court composer for Frederick II, the Great. He wrote a treatise on flute playing and composed a huge quantity of pieces for the flute.

Question: Did Quantz compose a piece entitled "Melismata"?

No, but he wrote a treatise on Flute Playing which deals with ornamentation such as Melismata - see [http://www.bach-cantatas.com/Topics/Ornamentation.htm]

Trivia: Quantz and Carlo Besozzi were both oboists for the Dresden court: Carlo from 1754 until his death; Quantz seemingly earlier as he entered Frederick the Great's service in 1741.

'''Hurricanoe''' 
“aka "Hurricane" (a large private party - 18th cent.)” – [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/h.html HyperArts entry: Hurricanoe/Hurricane]

==Page 414==
'''Climbers' Discourse''' 
???

Likely of social climbers.

'''behave inconveniently''' 
[[I#inconvenience|Inconvenience]] again, see entry on [[Chapter 40:399-409| page 401]].

'''Churs of Stroud''' 
Churs = electors???
Stroud = Stroud, Gloucestershire UK: [http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&q=stroud+United+Kingdom&ie=UTF8&om=1 Google Map]

'''Calvert agent Captain Dasp''' 
Calvert County Realtors - Calvert Agents In Maryland.

See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_30:_296-301#Page_301 301] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_39:_391-398#Page_393 393].

==Page 415==
'''Raby Castle''' 
[[Image:RubyCastle.jpg|thumb|Raby Castle from Jones' Views (1819)|right]]
"Raby Castle [...] near Staindrop, County Durham is one of the largest inhabited castles in England. It has opulent eighteenth and nineteenth century interiors inside a largely unchanged late medieval shell. It is a Grade I listed building. Raby once belonged to the Neville family, who became one of the most powerful in England" -- [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raby_Castle Wikipedia] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_5:_42-46#Page_43 43].

[http://maps.google.com/maps?f=q&hl=en&geocode=&q=raby+castle,+Staindrop,+County+Durham&sll=54.630531,-1.773605&sspn=0.168921,0.460739&ie=UTF8&ll=54.595166,-1.808538&spn=0.010567,0.028796&z=15&iwloc=addr&om=1 Google Maps]

'''Brunswick style''' 
worn with a petticoat, the Brunswick was an informal gown or Riding Habit. A riding habit consisted of a petticoat, jacket, and waistcoat.

'''wine-colored Cordovan''' 
a favorite boot color of TRP's. There is a "wine-cordovan boot" on page 121 of ATD, also a female's.

'''French Court heels''' 
Ladies of the French court once carried canes to support themselves on uncomfortable high heels. Heels became lower after the French Revolution, not surprisingly.

'''Iron Nabob''' 
Nabob (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/nabob Wiktionary]):
#an Indian ruler within the Mogul empire; a nawab
#(by extension) someone of great wealth or importance

'''Phrygioid if not Phrygian''' 
According to unvarying tradition the Phrygians were most closely akin to certain tribes of Macedonia and Thrace; and their near relationship to the Hellenic stock is proved by all that is known of their language and
art, and is accepted by almost every modern authority. -- [http://www.1911encyclopedia.org/Phrygia Encyclopedia Britannica, 11 th edition]. Pynchon's wit makes up the word Phrygioid to mean something like "like Phrygian" that is fake Phyrgian due to the prevalence of 'British modality'--preceding phrase.

"Phrygian Mode - A lot of traditional music, especially Scottish and Irish is termed 'Modal' because it does not follow the conventional modern major or
minor scales. There are seven modes, and Phrygian is the one that starts with E." --[http://www.themodernword.com/pynchon/levy_mason_and_dixon.pdf Toby Levy's ''Three Pages Per Day'' Project]
This is not quite accurate; the Phrygian mode starts with E if C is the Parent major (Ionian) scale. The Phrygian mode starts with the 3rd note of a major scale, resulting in a natural minor scale with a flatted 2nd. This gives the following degrees: 1 b2 b3 4 5 b6 b7.

==Page 416==
'''pierc'd paint Eyes of Nevilles and Vanes''' 
"Presumably like some Hammer House of Horror movie there is a tunnel passing behind the portraits in the gallery" ([http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]). Raby's castle was once held by the Nevilles ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/nevills_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Nevilles]) and was later passed to the Vanes ([http://www.rabycastle.com/history/vanes_raby.htm Raby Castle History: Vanes]). Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_22:_215-227#Page_225 225].

'''''Bellezza, che chiama''''' 
"a beauty that beckons" - [http://www.hyperarts.com/pynchon/mason-dixon/alpha/i.html HyperArts entry: Italian Translations]

'''multiply-bepoxed''' 
An incurable romantic, perhaps.

'''after three of these trans-Stygian Years, become Journeyman''' 
Stygian (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/stygian Wiktionary]):
#Dark and gloomy
#Infernal or hellish
#Of, or relating to the river Styx

Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_40:_399-409#Page_399 399] for Mason's Styx analogies

==Page 417==
'''Chatelaine''' 
from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/chatelaine Wiktionary]:
#The mistress of a castle or large household.
#A chain or clasp worn at the waist by women in the 16th to the 19th centuries, with handkerchief, keys, etc., attached.

'''Mignonette''' 
"A type of fine French bobbin lace made in narrow strips and having the consistency of tulle. Occas. more fully mignonette lace. Now hist" -- OED

'''Great Chain of Being this, Great Chain of Being that, [...] this rather lengthy ''Chain'' [...] Is there something [...] dangling from its bottom end?''' [[File:GreatChainofBeing.png|200px|thumb|right|1579 drawing of the great chain of being from Didacus Valades, ''Rhetorica Christiana'']]The great chain of being is a classical and western medieval conception of the order of the universe, whose chief characteristic is a strict hierarchical system. 
It is a conception of the world's structure that was accepted, and unquestioned, by most educated men from the time of Lucretius until the Copernican and Darwinian revolution and the ultimate flowering of the Renaissance. The chain of being is composed of a great number of hierarchal links, from the most basic and foundational elements up through the very highest perfection, in other words, God, or the Prime Mover. 

God, and beneath him the angels, both existing wholly in spirit form, sit at the top of the chain. Earthly flesh is fallible and ever-changing: mutable. Spirit, however, is unchanging and permanent. This sense of permanence is crucial to understanding this conception of reality. One does not abandon one's place in the chain; it is not only unthinkable, but generally impossible. The hierarchy is a chain and not a ladder. 

The natural order, earth (rock) is at the bottom of the chain; these elements possess only the attribute of existence. Moving on up the chain, each succeeding link contains the positive attributes of the previous link, and adds (at least) one other. Rocks, as above, possess only existence; the next link up, plants, possess life and existence. Beasts add not only motion, but appetite as well. 

Man is a special instance in this conception. He is both mortal flesh, as those below him, and also spirit. In this dichotomy, the struggle between flesh and spirit becomes a moral one. -- abridged (slightly) from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great_Chain_of_Being Wikipedia]

Notice Pynchon's multimeaning playfulness with the "chains" of the Chainmen and, one must think, the chains of the slave trade. This joking on the concept by Lord Lepton seems to touch some deep themes of M & D.

What [creature] dangles at the bottom of the chain? Where does it "fall" if it 'fails to hold on'? One is reminded of the supposedly real witticism as joke about an Eastern creation myth. The Earth is held up by a turtle
which is held up by another turtle, someone explained. "And that turtle?" asks the interlocuter. "Another turtle"...."And that one"?......."O No, you're not going to trap me...it's turtles all the way down."

'''Perhaps it is a Helixxx''' 
DNA? Though note the suggestion of a snake. (Cf. "the Serpent," [[Chapter 13: 125-145|Ch. 13, p. 135]]; "Something underground, moving Westward," [[Chapter 30: 296-301|Ch. 30, p. 299]])

==Page 418==
'''You sound like one of those Leveler chaps''' 
Levelers or Levellers, English Puritan sect active at the time of the English civil war. The name was apparently applied to them in 1647, in derision of their beliefs in equality. The Levelers demanded fundamental constitutional reform—a written constitution, a single supreme representative body elected by universal manhood suffrage, proportional representation, and the abolition of monarchy and noble privilege. Their ideals, far in advance of their time, were those of complete religious and political equality. They were adept at the use of mass petitions and extensive pamphleteering to arouse the public. When the Long Parliament did not respond to their ideas, they tried to build support in the ranks of the army, with some success. -- Columbia Encyclopedia

'''fiduciary''' 
A fiduciary duty is a legal or ethical relationship of confidence or trust between two or more parties, most commonly a fiduciary or trustee and a principal or beneficiary. One party, for example a corporate trust company or the trust department of a bank, holds a fiduciary relation or acts in a fiduciary capacity to another, such as one whose funds are entrusted to it for investment. In a fiduciary relation one person justifiably reposes confidence, good faith, reliance and trust in another whose aid, advice or protection is sought in some matter. In such a relation good conscience requires one to act at all times for the sole benefit and interests of another, with loyalty to those interests. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiduciary WIKI]

'''nitter-natter''' 
??? chitter-chatter? ???

'''Coke''' 
Coke is the solid carbonaceous material derived from destructive distillation of low-ash, low-sulfur bituminous coal. Cokes from coal are grey, hard, and porous... Coke is used as a fuel and as a reducing agent in smelting iron ore in a blast furnace... In 1709, Abraham Darby I established a coke-fired blast furnace to produce cast iron. Coke's superior crushing strength allowed blast furnaces to become taller and larger. The ensuing availability of inexpensive iron was one of the factors leading to the Industrial Revolution. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coke_(fuel) WIKI]

'''Staithes''' 
plural for Stath (from OED):
#The land bordering on water, a bank, shore.
#A landing-stage, wharf; esp. a waterside depôt for coals brought from the collieries for shipment, furnished with staging and shoots for loading vessels.
#An embankment.

Staithes is an English village at the most northerly point of the North Yorkshire coast [...] Roxby Beck (a small river) running through Staithes is the border between North Yorkshire and neighbouring Redcar and Cleveland. Formerly one of the largest and most productive fishing centres in North-East England, Staithes is now largely a tourist destination thanks to its picturesque appearance [...] Staithes is noted for its sheltered harbour, bounded by high cliffs and two long breakwaters. A mile to the north, Boulby Cliff is the highest cliff in England - from [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staithes Wikipedia]

'''Medmenham''' 
There was a Cistercian abbey founded in Medmenham in the 12th century, under the ownership of Woburn Abbey, though it was not officially recognised by royal charter until 1200. In 1547 at the Dissolution of the Monasteries the abbey was seized and given to the Moore family, and then sold privately to the Duffields. It was while in the possession of the Duffields that the abbey became infamous as the location of The Hellfire Club, formerly called the Monks of Medmenham. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Medmenham WIKI]

'''the Hellfire Club''' 
The Hellfire Club was the popular name for a number of supposed exclusive clubs for high society rakes established all over Britain and Ireland in the 18th century. These clubs were rumoured to be the meeting places of "persons of quality" who wished to take part in immoral acts, and the members were often very involved in politics. Neither the activities nor membership of the club are easy to ascertain. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hellfire_Club WIKI] Also, see pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_110 110], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_36:_362-370#Page_367 367].

==Page 419==
'''Damask Pulse''' 
Damasks were one of the five basic weaving techniques of the Byzantine and Islamic weaving centres of the early Middle Ages, and derive their name from their supposed origin in the city of Damascus, Syria... By the fourteenth century, damasks were being woven on draw looms in Italy. From the fourteenth to the sixteenth century, most damasks were woven in a single colour, with a glossy warp-faced satin pattern against a duller ground. Two-colour damasks had contrasting colour warps and wefts, and polychrome damasks added gold and other metallic threads or additional colors as supplemental brocading wefts. Medieval damasks were usually woven in silk, but wool and linen damasks were also woven. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damask WIKI]

'''It is difficult in these days of closer-fitting Attire, to imagine the enormous volumes of unoccupied Space that once lay between is Skirt's outer Envelope and the woman's body far within.''' 
"Is this another case where inside and outside have wildly different metric
properties. And what about ''these days'' [?] Were skirts so much tighter in the 1780s than in the 1760s [?] If not then who is speaking and when?" -- [http://osdir.com/ml/culture.literature.thomas-pynchon/2002-03/msg00114.html from MDMD Dinn's notes on Ch. 41]

'''Chrysalis''' 
A chrysalis or nympha is the pupal stage of butterflies. The term is derived from the metallic gold-colouration found in the pupae of many butterflies referred to by the Greek term χρυσός (chrysós) for gold. Because chrysalides are often showy and are formed in the open, they are the most familiar examples of pupae. Most chrysalides are attached to a surface by a Velcro-like arrangement of a silken pad spun by the caterpillar and a set of hooks (cremaster) at the tip of the pupal abdomen. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysalis#Chrysalis WIKI]

'''Majordomos''' 
Plural form of Majordomo (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/majordomos Wiktionary]):
#The head servant in a wealthy European household
#A butler

'''Soubrette''' 
a lightweight soprano voice or type of soprano role, frequently found in comic operas or operettas; the soubrette usually possesses a flirtatious demeanor and street wise manner, as in the case of Adele in Die Fledermaus, or is a particularly fetching country innocent, like Adina in The Elixir of Love. Webster's online dictionary.

<div id="widows"></div>'''Widows of Christ''' 
See [[W#widows | Alphabetical Entry]]

==Page 420==
'''Otick Catarrh''' 
Mason is suggesting he will get an ear ache (or infection) from Dixon's "loud" and "moist" whisperings:
*Octic - "(anatomy) of, relating/pertaining to, or located near the ear" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Otic Wiktionary]) 
*Catarrh - "inflammation of the mucous membranes of the nose and throat" ([http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/Catarrh Wiktionary])

'''Ague''' 
Apogee (from [http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/apogee Wiktionary]):
# (astronomy) That point in the orbit of any object which is at the greatest distance from the center of the central body. For example, the point in the moon's orbit which is the greatest distance from the center of the earth.
# The highest point.

'''Viudas de Cristo''' 
Spanish: "The Widows of Christ"

'''Peace of Paris''' 
The Treaty of Paris, often called the Peace of Paris, or the Treaty of 1763, was signed on February 10, 1763, by the kingdoms of Great Britain, France and Spain, with Portugal in agreement. It ended the Seven Years' War. The treaty marked the beginning of an extensive period of British dominance outside of Europe. Notably, the treaty did not involve either Prussia or Austria who signed a separate Treaty of Hubertusburg. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_Paris_(1763) WIKI]

'''Pepe d'Escaubitte''' 
An escaubitte is a calker's oil-box.

'''Iron-Mask Marthioly''' 
Ercole Antonio Mattioli (1640–1694) was a minister of Duke Charles IV of Mantua. He was kidnapped and imprisoned by Louis XIV of France. He has been associated with the Man in the Iron Mask... In 1679, Louis XIV had his French envoy d'Estrades kidnap Mattioli and take him to France. There Mattioli was imprisoned in the fortress of Pignerol where he was eventually put into solitary confinement. By 1680 he was described as nearly mad. His manservant was also kidnapped and held with him. Ercole Antonio Mattioli died in 1694 while incarcerated on the island of Sainte-Marguerite. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ercole_Antonio_Mattioli WIKI] Also, see page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_37:_371-381#Page_373 373].

'''Boys from Presque Isle''' 
Fort Presque Isle (also Fort de la Presqu'île) was a fort built by French soldiers in 1753 along Presque Isle Bay at present-day Erie, Pennsylvania. The fort was part of a line that included Fort Le Boeuf, Fort Machault, and Fort Duquesne. The fort was built as part of the French military occupation of the Ohio Country; rival claims to the area by the British led to the French and Indian War. After the 1759 British victory at the Battle of Fort Niagara, the French burned the fort and retreated from the area. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort_Presque_Isle WIKI]

==Page 421==
'''Paradise of Chance''' 
Cf. [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=C#chums The Chums of Chance in ''Against the Day''].

A-and from an article on the Ancient Greek philosopher perhaps most associated with the concept of Chance, Democritus: "it[chance] seems to be an attempt to show how an apparently ordered arrangement can arise automatically, as a byproduct of the random collisions of bodies in motion. No attractive forces or purposes need be introduced to explain the sorting by the tide or in the sieve: it is probable that this is an attempt to show how apparently orderly effects can be produced without goal-directioned forces or purpose." [http://plato.stanford.edu/search/searcher.py?query=democritus Democritus] 
Such a condition would be Paradisaical in Pynchon's anti-determinism vision.

'''E-O Wheel''' 
"Even Odds"; a roulette (French: "small wheel") wheel, a gambling game based on opposing pairs, e.g. black/white, even/odd, in which players bet on which red or black numbered compartment of a revolving wheel a small ball (spun in the opposite direction) will come to rest within. Bets are placed on a table marked to correspond with the compartments of the wheel.

'''Bezique''' 
Bezique (in French, bézique) is a 19th century French melding and trick-taking card game for two players derived from Mariage via Briscan by the addition of more scoring features - notably a peculiar liaison Q ♠and J♦ under the names Bésigue, Binokel, Pinochle, etc., according to the country. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bezique WIKI]

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}

Chapter 40: 399-409

2013-05-06T17:39:58Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 406 */

==Page 399==

'''Mason leaves the Forks of Brandywine''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 11, 1765. 

'''arriving in New-York by way of the Staten Island Ferry''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 16, 1765.

New York City grew in importance as a trading port while under British rule. The city hosted the seminal John Peter Zenger trial in 1735, helping to establish the freedom of the press in North America. In 1754, Columbia University was founded under charter by George II of Great Britain as King's College in Lower Manhattan. The Stamp Act Congress met in New York in October of 1765 as the Sons of Liberty organized in the city, skirmishing over the next ten years with British troops stationed there. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_York_City WIKI]

In the 1700s ferry service between Staten Island and the city of New York (then occupying only the southern tip of Manhattan) was conducted by private individuals with "periaugers", shallow-draft, two-masted sailboats used for local traffic in New York harbor. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Staten_island_ferry WIKI]

'''Trinity Church... where he will attend services on Sunday.''' 
on Sunday, [[1765#February|February]] 17, 1765

Trinity Church (also known as Trinity Wall Street) at 79 Broadway, New York City, is an historic, full-service parish church in the Episcopal Diocese of New York. Trinity Church is located at the intersection of Broadway and Wall Street in downtown Manhattan. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trinity_Church_(New_York_City) WIKI]

'''But then there is Monday Night.''' 
Monday, [[1765#February|February]] 17, 1765 

'''Presently he has fallen in...''' 
The journals indicate that this is [[1765#February|February]] 19, 1765, since the next day is marked as "In Long Island." 

'''Brooklyn''' 
In 1683, the British reorganized the Province of New York into twelve counties, each of which was sub-divided into towns. Over time, the name evolved from Breuckelen, to Brockland, to Brocklin, to Brookline, and eventually, to Brooklyn. Kings County was one of the original counties, and Brooklyn was one of the original six towns within Kings County. The county was named in honor of King Charles II of England. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brooklyn WIKI]

'''Pearl-Street''' 
The name Pearl Street is an English translation of the Dutch Parelstraat (written as Paerlstraet around 1660). This street along the eastern shore of New Amsterdam was named for the many oysters found in the river. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pearl_Street WIKI]

'''Styx''' 
The River Styx (Greek: Στύξ, Stux, also meaning "hate" and "detestation") was a river in Greek mythology which formed the boundary between Earth and the Underworld (often called Hades which is also the name of this domain's ruler). It circles the Underworld nine times. The rivers Styx, Phlegethon, Acheron and Cocytus all converge at the center of the underworld on a great marsh. The other important rivers of the underworld are Lethe and Eridanos, and Alpheus, a real river that runs in Italy partially underground and undersea. The ferryman was called Charon (also spelled Kharon in older texts). From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Styx WIKI]

==Page 400==
'''ornamental Dirk''' 
Dirk is a Scots word for a short dagger; sometimes a cut-down sword blade mounted on a dagger hilt, rather than a knife blade. The word dirk could have possibly derived from the Gaelic word sgian dearg (red knife), via dearg [ˈdʒʲɛrəɡ],[dubious – discuss] shifting to Scots "dirk" [ˈdɪɾk]. It may also have been a corruption of the Low German terms Dulk or Dolk. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirk WIKI]

'''the inconvenient Dilemma of stepping in as a Gentleman must''' 
inconvenient, once again, as interacting with life, here almost a foreshadowing of what the Chums of Chance do from [http://against-the-day.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=I#inconvenience Inconvenience] the airship, in ATD.

==Page 401==
'''bum-bailiff''' 
an officer: The French pousse-cul seems to favour the notion that bum-bailiff is no corruption. These officers are frequently referred to as bums. “Scout me for him at the corner of the orchard, like a bum-bailiff.” Shakespeare: Twelfth Night, iii. 4.--[http://www.bartleby.com/81/2655.html Brewer Dictionary of Phrase and Fable].

'''Cadastral Surveyor''' 
Surveyor of property lines and boundaries

==Page 402==
'''"Cad! Ass? - Eeeoo!"''' 
Amelia misunderstands Mason to be a surveyor of cad (young, roguish sorts) ass - This is a roundabout pun on the old "Butt Pirate," I presume.

'''"Quotha."''' 
Indeed - archaic variation of modern slang "true that" or "amen" - in other words, the word is saying agreeably "quoth he" or "quoth she"

==Page 403==
'''Sobriquet''' 
A sobriquet (pronounced so-brik-ay or so-brik-et) is a nickname or a fancy name, sometimes assumed, but often given by another. It is usually a familiar name, distinct from a pseudonym assumed as a disguise, but a nickname which is familiar enough such that it can be used in place of a real name without the need of explanation. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sobriquet WIKI]

'''The Telescope stands...''' 
[http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/3/3d/BrooklynMap1766.jpg map of Brooklyn from 1766] 
I would guess that they are a little north the "Brookland Ferry" on this map. But, would that be enough elevations that the telescope is pointing "down?" 
[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Drawing_View_of_the_City_of_New_York_1770-1779.jpg This drawing] from the 1770s shows a veiw from Brooklyn. Might even be the inspiration for the location.

'''White-Hall Slip''' 
Near the foot of the street is the site of the Governor's house built by Peter Stuyvesant; when the British took over New Amsterdam from the Dutch, they christened the street and the building "Whitehall" for England's seat of government, Whitehall, London. On the Castello map (1660, illustration) Whitehall, with its white roof, stands on a jutting piece of land at Manhattan's tip, facing along the waterfront strand that extends along the East River. The only extensive pleasure gardens in seventeenth-century Nieuw Amsterdam/New York are seen to extend behind it, laid out in a patterned parterre of four squares. Other grounds in the center of blocks behind houses are commons and market gardens. The mansion is long since gone, and now the name survives only as the short north-south Whitehall Street. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitehall_Street_(Manhattan) WIKI]

'''Governor's Island''' 
First named by the Dutch explorer Adriaen Block, it was called Noten Eylant (and later in pidgin language Nutten Island) from 1611 to 1784. The island's current name—made official eight years after the 1776 Declaration of Independence—stems from British colonial times when the colonial assembly reserved the island for the exclusive use of New York's royal governors. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Governor%27s_Island WIKI]

==Page 404==
'''Republican fogs''' 
In recent years a debate has developed over its role in the American Revolution and in the British radicalism of the eighteenth century. For many decades the consensus was that liberalism, especially that of John Locke, was paramount and that republicanism had a distinctly secondary role. The new interpretations were pioneered by J.G.A. Pocock who argued in The Machiavellian Moment (1975) that, at least in the early eighteenth-century, republican ideas were just as important as liberal ones. Pocock's view is now widely accepted. Bernard Bailyn and Gordon Wood pioneered the argument that the American Founding Fathers were more influenced by republicanism than they were by liberalism. Cornell University Professor Isaac Kramnick, on the other hand, argues that Americans have always been highly individualistic and therefore Lockean. In the decades before the American Revolution (1776), the intellectual and political leaders of the colonies studied history intently, looking for guides or models for good (and bad) government. They especially followed the development of republican ideas in England... The commitment of most Americans to these republican values made inevitable the American Revolution, for Britain was increasingly seen as corrupt and hostile to republicanism, and a threat to the established liberties the Americans enjoyed. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Republicanism WIKI]

'''Virtual Representation''' 
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_33:_327-340#Page_330 330].

'''Bengal''' 
Bengal (Bengali: বঙ্গ Bôngo, বাংলা Bangla, বঙ্গদেশ Bôngodesh or বাংলাদেশ Bangladesh), is a historical and geographical region in the northeast region of the Indian Subcontinent. The region of Bengal is one of the most densely populated regions on earth... Most of the Bengal region lies in the low-lying Ganges–Brahmaputra River Delta or Ganges Delta, the world's largest delta. In the southern part of the delta lies the Sundarbans—the world's largest mangrove forest and home of the Bengal tiger. Though the population of the region is mostly rural and agrarian, two megacities, Kolkata (previously Calcutta) and Dhaka (previously Dacca), are located in Bengal. The Bengal region is renowned for its rich literary and cultural heritage as well as its immense contribution to the socio-cultural uplift of Indian society in the form of the Bengal Renaissance, and revolutionary activities during the Indian independence movement. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bengal WIKI]

'''Night of the Black Hole''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_11:_105-115#Page_109 109], [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_14:_146-157#Page_152 152] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_19:_190-198#Page_196 196].

==Page 405==
'''Mr. Garrick''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_18:_183-189#Page_184 184] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_21:_207-214#Page_214 214].

'''Whitefield''' 
See pages [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_3:_14-29#Page_14 14] & [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_26:_257-265#Page_260 260].

==Page 406==
'''"Coffee-House Cabals"... "We are in correspondence."''' 
In 1765, after the Stamp Act, people in the New York area formed the Sons of Liberty, these gentlemen are probably they. More on the [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Committees_of_correspondence Committees of Correspondence.]

==Page 407==
'''Sophistry''' 
A sophism is taken as a specious argument used for deceiving someone. It might be crafted to seem logical while actually being wrong, or it might use difficult words and complicated sentences to intimidate the audience into agreeing, or it might appeal to the audience's prejudices and emotions rather than logic, i.e. raising doubts towards the one asserting, rather than his assertion. The goal of a sophism is often to make the audience believe the writer or speaker to be smarter than he or she actually is, e.g., accusing another of sophistry for using persuasion techniques. An Ad Hominem argument is an example of Sophistry. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sophistry WIKI]

'''Dragoons''' 
An exception to the rule was the British Army. In order to cut the state's military budget, all Horse (cavalry) regiments were gradually demoted to the status of Dragoons from 1746 onwards--a change that placed them on a lower pay scale. When this change was completed in 1788, the heavy cavalry regiments had become known as either Dragoon Guards or Heavy Dragoons (depending on their precedence). The designation of Dragoon Guards did not mean that these regiments (the former 2nd to 8th Horse) had become Household Troops, but simply that they had been given a more dignified designation to compensate for the loss of pay and prestige. Starting in 1756, seven regiments of Light Dragoons were raised. These Light Dragoons were trained in reconnaissance, skirmishing and other work requiring endurance in accordance with contemporary standards of light cavalry performance. The success of this new class of cavalry was such that that 8 regular Dragoon regiments were converted to Light Dragoons between 1768 and 1783. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragoons WIKI]

'''Wolfe... Martyr of Quebec''' [[File:Wolfesdeath.jpg|200px|thumb|right|''The Death of General Wolfe'' by Benjamin West. Oil on canvas, 1770.]]
See page [http://masondixon.pynchonwiki.com/wiki/index.php?title=Chapter_31:_302-314#Page_312 312].

Historian Francis Parkman describes the death of Wolfe:

They asked him [Wolfe] if he would have a surgeon; but he shook his head, and answered that all was over with him. His eyes closed with the torpor of approaching death, and those around sustained his fainting form. Yet they could not withhold their gaze from the wild turmoil before them, and the charging ranks of their companions rushing though the line of fire and smoke.

"See how they run." one of the officers exclaimed, as the French fled in confusion before the leveled bayonets.

"Who run?" demanded Wolfe, opening his eyes like a man aroused from sleep.

"The enemy, sir," was the reply; "they give way everywhere."

"Then," said the dying general, "tell Colonel River, to cut off their retreat from the bridge. Now, God be praised, I die contented," he murmured; and, turning on his side, he calmly breathed his last breath. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James_Wolfe WIKI]

==Page 408==
'''Capt. V.''' 
Captain Volcanoe abbreviated in what seems to be a Pynchon allusion to V. and other V-named characters in his works. See ATD.

'''Wednesday Morning''' 
Well, [[1765#February|February]] 20th was a Wednesday. However, the Journals show Mason traveling from Long Island back to Staten Island and then the Jerseys on the 21st. 

'''the Jerseys''' 
Settlement for the first 10 years of English rule was in the Hudson River region and came primarily from New England. On March 18, 1673, Berkeley sold his half of the colony to Quakers in England (with William Penn acting as trustee for a time), who settled the Delaware Valley region as a Quaker colony. New Jersey was governed very briefly as two distinct provinces, East and West Jersey, for 28 years between 1674 and 1702. In 1702, the two provinces were reunited under a royal, rather than a proprietary, governor. Edward Hyde, Lord Cornbury, became the first governor of the colony as a royal colony. Lord Cornbury was an ineffective and corrupt ruler, taking bribes and speculating on land, so in 1708 he was recalled to England. New Jersey was then ruled by the governors of New York, but this infuriated the settlers of New Jersey, who accused those governors of favoritism to New York. Judge Lewis Morris led the case for a separate governor, and was appointed governor by King George II in 1738. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New_Jersey WIKI]

'''Met some boys,''' 
Sunday,[[1765#February|February]] 24, 1765. 
The text of the Journal follows the passage as Pynchon gives it, but adds: "...However I got up as did my Horse after some time and I led him by the Meeting House, (the Friends pouring out) very serene, as if all had been well. But" and it cuts off with with word "But". 

'''All thro' the Monday he lies in bed...''' 
[[1765#February|February]] 25, 1765.<br.

'''Horses may detect Spirits invisible to human Sensoria''' 
See the mysterious horses in ATD.

==Page 409==
'''I Corinthians, Chapter 15''' 
[http://en.wikisource.org/wiki/Bible_(King_James)/1_Corinthians#Chapter_15 here]

"39 All flesh is not the same flesh: but there is one kind of flesh of men, another flesh of beasts, another of fishes, and another of birds. 40 There are also celestial bodies, and bodies terrestrial: but the glory of the celestial is one, and the glory of the terrestrial is another. 41 There is one glory of the sun, and another glory of the moon, and another glory of the stars: for one star differeth from another star in glory. 42 So also is the resurrection of the dead. It is sown in corruption; it is raised in incorruption: 43 It is sown in dishonour; it is raised in glory: it is sown in weakness; it is raised in power: 44 It is sown a natural body; it is raised a spiritual body. There is a natural body, and there is a spiritual body."

See, also [[C#chain|Great Chain of Being]].

==Annotation Index==

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==Page 116==
'''Christopher Smart''' [[Image:Christopher Smart.jpg|thumb|Christopher Smart|right]]Christopher Smart (11 April 1722 – 21 May 1771), also known as "Kit Smart", "Kitty Smart", and "Jack Smart", was an English poet. He was a major contributor to two popular magazines and a friend to influential cultural icons like Samuel Johnson and Henry Fielding. Smart, a high church Anglican, was widely known throughout London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Smart WIKI]

==Page 118==
'''Sirius Business''' 
A nice astronomical pun on "serious business." Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, aka "Dog Star."

==Page 120==
'''"Nonetheless, 'tis the Friendly thing to do"''' 
The capital 'F' indicates that Dixon means 'the Quaker thing'. 'Quaker' was originally a term of abuse; they called themselves 'The Society of Friends'.

==Page 121==
'''Shelton Clock''' 
Clock made by John Shelton, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/artefacts/shelton_regulator/ LINK].

'''Ellicott Clock''' 
Clock made by John Ellicott, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.raffetydialclocks.co.uk/info/JohnEllicott.html LINK].

==Page 123==
'''What they feel is an Attraction, more or less resistable, to beat in synchrony with it''' 
1st of many references to the difficulties of finding a ships longitude while at sea. The standard pendulum clocks prior to 1741 simply moved with the rocking of the boat and were therefore inaccurate for time keeping on the ocean. It wasn't until 1741 that John Harrison solved the problem with a special clock design.

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==Page 116==
'''Christopher Smart''' [[Image:Christopher Smart.jpg|thumb|Christopher Smart|right]]Christopher Smart (11 April 1722 – 21 May 1771), also known as "Kit Smart", "Kitty Smart", and "Jack Smart", was an English poet. He was a major contributor to two popular magazines and a friend to influential cultural icons like Samuel Johnson and Henry Fielding. Smart, a high church Anglican, was widely known throughout London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Smart WIKI]

==Page 118==
'''Sirius Business''' 
A nice astronomical pun on "serious business." Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, aka "Dog Star."

==Page 120==
'''"Nonetheless, 'tis the Friendly thing to do"''' 
The capital 'F' indicates that Dixon means 'the Quaker thing'.

==Page 121==
'''Shelton Clock''' 
Clock made by John Shelton, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/artefacts/shelton_regulator/ LINK].

'''Ellicott Clock''' 
Clock made by John Ellicott, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.raffetydialclocks.co.uk/info/JohnEllicott.html LINK].

==Page 123==
'''What they feel is an Attraction, more or less resistable, to beat in synchrony with it''' 
1st of many references to the difficulties of finding a ships longitude while at sea. The standard pendulum clocks prior to 1741 simply moved with the rocking of the boat and were therefore inaccurate for time keeping on the ocean. It wasn't until 1741 that John Harrison solved the problem with a special clock design.

==Annotation Index==

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2013-05-05T19:56:05Z

Hotratsalex: /* Page 121 */

==Page 116==
'''Christopher Smart''' [[Image:Christopher Smart.jpg|thumb|Christopher Smart|right]]Christopher Smart (11 April 1722 – 21 May 1771), also known as "Kit Smart", "Kitty Smart", and "Jack Smart", was an English poet. He was a major contributor to two popular magazines and a friend to influential cultural icons like Samuel Johnson and Henry Fielding. Smart, a high church Anglican, was widely known throughout London. From [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Smart WIKI]

==Page 118==
'''Sirius Business''' 
A nice astronomical pun on "serious business." Sirius is the brightest star in the night sky, aka "Dog Star."

==Page 121==
'''Shelton Clock''' 
Clock made by John Shelton, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/artefacts/shelton_regulator/ LINK].

==Page 121==
'''Shelton Clock''' 
Clock made by John Shelton, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.joh.cam.ac.uk/library/special_collections/artefacts/shelton_regulator/ LINK].

'''Ellicott Clock''' 
Clock made by John Ellicott, clockmaker of London, see [http://www.raffetydialclocks.co.uk/info/JohnEllicott.html LINK].

==Page 123==
'''What they feel is an Attraction, more or less resistable, to beat in synchrony with it''' 
1st of many references to the difficulties of finding a ships longitude while at sea. The standard pendulum clocks prior to 1741 simply moved with the rocking of the boat and were therefore inaccurate for time keeping on the ocean. It wasn't until 1741 that John Harrison solved the problem with a special clock design.

==Annotation Index==

{{MD PbP}}