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Ploughman's Lunch
A lunch, containing cheese and onions and other relishes, served in a pub with a hearty ale.

Staindrop
Staindrop is an attractive village near Raby Castle, former stronghold of the Nevills, and has always been associated with the Lords of Raby.

devoirs
expressions of respect: expressions or acts of courtesy and respect

Rockingham Whigs
After a decade of factional chaos,.., a new system emerged, with two separate opposition groups. The Rockingham Whigs claimed the mantle of "Old Whigs," as the purported successors of the party of the Pelhams and the great Whig families. With such noted intellectuals as Edmund Burke behind them, the Rockingham Whigs laid out a philosophy which for the first time extolled the virtues of faction, or at least their faction. Wikipedia

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Cock Lane Ghost
Adjacent to London's Smithfield market and only a few minutes' walk from St Paul's Cathedral, is a short alleyway known as Cock Lane. The tall buildings and narrowness of this road give it a dark, foreboding presence and help to retain a sense of its origins as a medieval red-light district. It was this environment that, in January 1762, gave rise to an extraordinary scandal that engulfed all London.
The legitimacy of the hauntings is fiercly disputed to this day.

At the centre of the story is William Kent, a young man from Norfolk who managed to impregnate two daughters from the same wealthy family. The first, Elizabeth Lynes, he married, but she died in childbirth; a few months later, William eloped to London with his dead wife's sister, Fanny Lynes. Here William and Fanny lodged in Cock Lane at the house of a clerk named Richard Parsons. Fanny soon died, supposedly of smallpox and William found that he had made an enemy of both her family and Mr Parsons, whom he had sued for a debt.

However, the rivalry was only about to get deeper. The Parsons claimed to have been awoken by knocking and scratching in the night, and they could not find a tangible logical source for the knocking or scratching. Then, as further mysterious event occurred, they (according to the Parsons) summoned the courage to begin communicating with the ghost using Yes/No questions and a system of knocking for the answer (once for yes, two for no, or vice-versa, the accounts contradict themselves to an extent) and thus supposedly determined that they were communicating with the ghost of Fanny Lynes, who claimed that she died not of smallpox, as her husband claimed, but of arsenic poisoning in a premeditated murder by her husband, William Kent.

The Parsons soon gained the support of a few people, including a doctor and a priest, who worked to spread the word of the supposed haunting.

Londoners loved nothing more than a good sex and murder scandal and within days the Cock Lane ghost was headline news. Hundreds of people came to Cock Lane to listen to the ghost knock out its messages against William Kent. Events moved from the strange to the bizarre, with the fledgling Methodist movement – one of whose supporters heavily promoted the ghost – being dragged into the scandal. This further convinced Londoners of its reality and led to calls for William Kent to be hanged. The London authorities (including the Lord Mayor) dithered over the issue, creating a volatile atmosphere.

Eventually William Kent's cause was adopted by a group of "learned" people which included Samuel Johnson, Horace Walpole and Oliver Goldsmith. They suspected that Richard Parsons was using his eleven-year-old daughter Betty to create the ghost and so got the Lord Mayor's permission to put her through a series of tests.

The "tests" used by these "learned" people left much to be desired. Even those who today deny the ghost's legitimacy admit that the committee acted very irrationally and unjustly.

The Committee refused to accept any possibility, no matter how seemingly strange, that the hauntings were legit and that anybody but the Parsons were guilty of it.

The first "test" composed of having a maid sleep with Betty in such a fashion that the maid bound Betty tightly to herself using her arms and legs. The knockings continued that night. The next night they bound Betty with chains as she slept. There was no knocking that night.

Thus the committee decided that Betty had to be responsible and that she had managed to slip out of

Garrick, David (1717-79)
British actor; Garrick and [w.html#woffington">Woffington</a> were amorously linked and lived together from 1742-45. Apparently Woffington never married and the "Mrs." was more along the lines of an honorary title. Although Garrick married in 1749 and remained so until his death there seems some evidence that he retained an attachment to Woffington (e.g. he wore the shoe buckles she gave him until his death). He was also author of the play, Florizel and Perdita, "A Dramatic Pastoral, in Three Acts."; Garrick was also a pupil of Dr. Samuel Johnson and a member of his literary club, along with James Boswell and others. Garrick Quotes; 405